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Mercury Vs. the Moon Mercury Highlights

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Mercury Vs. the Moon Mercury Highlights 12/9/2010 Mercury vs. the Moon Lost planet? Lost moon? What’s the dea l w ith Mercury ? An d w ha t makes it like our moon anyway? Mercury Highlights •Named for the Roman messenger of the gods, because it’s quick •88 day long year •57 day long day (that’s 3 days every 2 years—how old would you be?) •4878 km in diameter •Temp. ranges from -183 C at night to 427 C during the day •58,000,000 km from the sun (1/3 earth’s distance) •Smaller than earth and less massive but almost as dense—what does this tell us? •No satellites •Orbits at 30 mi/s (48 km/s) (earth is 18 mi/s – Kepler was right!) •No atmosphere? (2008) 1 12/9/2010 Mercury Re-viewed 1973 2008 Probes Messenger Achieving Orbit in March 2011 2 12/9/2010 Surface Features - Craters Boethius Polygnotus 83km Craters, complete with ejecta rays. Rays are smaller than on the moon because the higher gravity reduces the distance debris can be thrown. (named for artists/scientists: Shakespeare, Bach, Tolstoy, Mozart, Goethe) More Craters Smooth craters (MESSENGER) Sullivan (Mariner) 3 12/9/2010 Surface Features – Scarps on a Plain Scarps Plains Cliffs That’s one big scarp. 125 miles 4 12/9/2010 Mercury Geology • Scarps – small ridges caused by fast contraction of the planet when semiliquid – Stretch across the planet – 100m to 1.5km high – Sometimes cut through craters, indicating they formed after the craters – Formed when the semimolten planet cooled quickly, shrinking its diameter by 4km. • Plains – large, smooth areas. Not like lunar maria (not volcanic in nature))yg, but Mercury’s highlands are not so extensively cratered as the moon’s highlands. • Volcanoes? Maybe once, but not recently. Some craters appear volcanic in nature rather than the result of impact. • Mountains? Most are the result of sizeable crater formation. There is no evidence of tectonics on Mercury Caloris Basin Caloris Basin, at the south pole, is a massive impact crater •Note the circular rings around the “crater”. •Crater interior is smooth; rim is as much as 2km tall. •Could mean old •Could mean it was so large it didn’t make an obvious rim •Impact was large enough to partially melt the crust and resurface it, like the lunar maria. •Impact was so great that a shockwave propagated through the planet causing hills to develop antipodal to the basin (the so- called “Weird Terrain” or “Chaotic Terrain” (technically, the “Hilly and Lineated Terrain”) 5 12/9/2010 The “Weird Terrain” MESSENGER image of CB The Inner Mercury •Density is highest of all but earth •Since it is so small, it must be composed mostlyyy of heavy elements, particularly Fe. •Mariner measuers Mercury as having a magnetic field (1% that of earth) •implies that core is partially molten? •Field comes from sun, was frozen in rocks? •Some volcanism seen in the past, so maybe core is or was partially molten. •Perhaps crust was vaporized in an impact? 6 12/9/2010 The Outer Mercury • Surface is covered with dust, similar to lunar regolith • Most surface material is similar to lunar highlands (deficient in Ti, Fe) • Surface is highly reflective (high albedo) indicating brighter minerals (unlike maria) • Atmosphere – Hardly worth mentioning, but present (about 5x10-11 that of earth) – Mostly H, He, Ne, Na vapor; probably mostly made of solar wind particles trapped. – Not enough to affect the planet (no wind erosion, etc.) Magnetic Mercury 7 12/9/2010 Rotation and Revolution • Radio measurements determined rotation ratbDte by Dopp ler s hift • Rotation is the result of gravitational influence of the sun – Mercury and the sun are gravitationally locked – Mercury’s day looks a little stranger than earth’s Mercury vs. the Moon •Both have similar Different? “atmospheres” •Moon has little iron;;y mostly •Both are covered with crust material (refractory fine dust metals) •Similar albedoes •Mercury is mostly iron, with •Both have metallic cores few light refractory metals •Both are geologically (because their origins are dead (no tectonics) different) •Both show maria and •Mercury has a magnetic lava flooding field; the moon does not •Both show many impact •MiddlMercury is denser and larger craters •Both have orbits that are affected by tidal forces from their parent bodies 8.
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