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Meaning and the Fact BOOK REVIEWS Meaning and the Fact Catholicism in History: which Emperor Napoleon ordered the a history of the popes lhat would offset Vatican Archives brought to Parii, a Ihal of the Lutheran historian. After The Opening of process that was finally completetl in several disappointments. Pastor at the Vatican Archives February 1811. The precious docum .'nls length gained entrance to the Vatican My Owen Chadwick were in the French capital only tliree Archives in January 1879, won the favor Cambridge U, Press. [74p$13.y5 years when Napoleon's Government fell, of Leo XIII and continued there for over whereupon his successors ordered them 40 years to publish his multivolume "First charily and then truth, even in returned to Rome, a long and arduous work, which carried the papacy to the wriling history." Such was the comment undertaking in the course of which many death of Pius VI in 1799. As mentioned of Cardinal De Lai of the Roman Curia documents were lost before the last above, it was Pastor's third volume that in 1895 when he learned the contents of wagonload rolled into Rome in became a cause célèbre, bu! the support Volume III of Pastor's History of the December 1817. From that time until the of Pope Leo held amid the maneuvers of Popes, a work lhat laid bare the scandals arrival of the Oratorian, Auguiiin fretful curial critics who wished to stop in the life of Pope Alexander VI. It is lit- Theiner (d. 1874), as the responsible him, and the work was in the main fin- tle wonder that Pastor should have custodian, the papal collections v ere ished by the time Pastor died in 1928. replied: "If that were true, all history subjected to so many fumbling me ves The latter failed in his repeated efforts would be impossible." It would, indeed, and misguided policies that il wa^ a to secure a teaching position in a Ger- This is but a single enlightening incident minor miracle that so much ultima ely man university and had to remain con- in this fa.scinaling book, wherein the survived the curial inefficiency, inlif- tent with his professorship at Innsbruck, Regius Professor of Modern History at ference and fidget over the disclosur< of for he declined an invitation to join the ihe University of Cambridge once again what Ihey contained. faculty of the Catholic University of puts all lovers of history—one is America in Washington, since that lempted to say ali lovers of civiliza- THIS WEEK'S REVIEWERS would put him too far from the tion—in his debt by the richness of con- Msgr. John Tracy Ellis, dean of Amer can Vatican's indispensable documents. tent, the critical interpretation of Ihe Catholic historians, is currently professe rial "Commitment to tradition was also evidence and the sympathetic spirit in lecturer in church history at the Catholic commitment to history, and a main which he treats sensitive and delicate University of America, Washington, D. ?. reason why the study of Christian matters relating to the Church of Rome. Harry W. Paige teaches in the deparimem of history was inescapable in Catholic The five chapters embody the Herbert humanities at Clarkson College. Potsd ini. teaching," C?hadwick writes. Here, he Hensley Henson Lectures of 1976 al Ox- N. Y. touches upon an itnportant point, ford University. It is an intriguing Paul I, Weber is assistant professor of poli- which, unfortunately, has been shock- thought to consider how that highly con- tical science at the University of Louisvil e. ingly disregarded in more than one iroversial and advanced liberal Anglican Catholic theological faculty since Bishop of Durham would have reacted The author wisely decided to relaie he Vatican II. The disciples of the "now had he found his name associated with story through certain key episodes, e g., generation" have not been confined (he subject chosen by Professor Chad- the complicated case of the records of solely to student bodies. They have had wick. the trial of Galileo, in which the archi'ist Msgr. Marino Marini {d. 1855) figuies, more than Iheir just due of influence in This book represents scholarship at a and the equally entangled case of he seminary faculties that have sponsored high level. Scholars will appreciate the minutes of the Council of Trent, what they considered current fashion by breadth of the author's reading as wherein Theiner came to grief for Iett ng relegating the study of church history to shown in the notes, the general reader Trent's order of business be examii ed Ihe sidelines while they furthered what will feel repaid by the facts that enrich a by certain bishops at Vatican Counci I. they termed "historical theology" and narrative enhanced by louches of quiet ln the late 187O's there emerged he other alleged substitutes. This trend has humor and all will find the select young Ludwig Pastor, student of ihe produced a sizable crop of young priests bibliography and index added features distinguished priesl-historian, Johannes and religious who are all but illiterates of merit. Janssen (d. 1891). It was Janssen who in- from the viewpoint of history (e.g., the seminarian examined by a colleague of After an introductory essay. Pro- troduced Pastor to Leopold von Rank;'s mine a year ago who was asked who it fessor Chadwick's account gets under History of the Popes, which fired ihe was that exercised the greatest influence way with an order of Dec. 18, 1809, by young Pastor with the ambition to wiite America / November 4, ¡978 315 in shaping the mind of St. Augustine, serious historians of modern you can reckon on a more friendly judg- and answered: "Erasmus"!). Other ex- Catholicism who have escaped the hand- ment through historical understanding amples could easily be cited from the icap of ecclesiastical officials fright- than if, as often until now, it is all kept seminary students enrolled after 1965. ened by the prospect of unpleasant secret and men are left to suspect what There is no substitute for the history of truths being brought to light by their they will." True, insofar as ihe Vatican the church, and the sooner that is real- research and writing. These have never Archives are concerned, it has been ized by academic administrators and accepted the dictum of Georg H. Pertz, churchmen who in the main have been faculties in seminaries and theological founding editor of the Monumenta Ger- responsible tor this obscurantist view- schools of every Christian denomina- maniae Histórica, whose memorable point—with notable exceptions such as tion, the better it will be for all con- statement of 1828 Chadwick rightly Leo XIII, Cardinal Hegenrother and cerned. quotes. Pertz said: "There is no better Augustin Theiner. Parenthetically. Chadwick clears up the mistaken notion Chadwick raises another ecclesiastical defense of the papacy than to unveil its that Theiner died outside the church. problem. There have been relatively few inward being. If weakness is shown up. But churchmen have had no monopoly on this policy, for prominent laymen have held the same view (e.g.. Prime PRIESTS • RELIGIOUS • LAITY Minister Giovanni Giolitti of Italy who, in 1912, was heard to say: "It would not be right to have beautiful legends discredited by historical criticism"). Research in the incomparable riches MASTER OF ARTS IN THEOLOGY of the Vatican Archives has been hand- icapped by another persistent problem, • Scripture Studies namely, lack of adequate trained per- • Historicai-Systematic Theology sonnel. In 1872, the staff consisted of • Spirituality Courses only two persons, and though it has been greatly increased in more recent times, SPRING SEMESTER BEGINS JAN. 15,1979 the Archives of the Holy See are still woefully understaffed for the gigantic Department of Theology Contact; task of ordering and processing their Stster Mary Peter McGinty, C.S.J. Earl A. Weis, S. J., Loyola University of Chicago enormous collections. Chairman 6525 North Sheridan Road Chicago, Illinois 60626 Among the many interesting facts AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EDUCATOR/EMPLOYER. contained in Professor Chadwick's book is the prominent role played by more than one non-Catholic historian in help- LOVOLA UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ing to pry open the Vatican Archives, e.g., Theodor von Sickel (d. 1908), whose studies on the Privilegium Ottonis attracted the sympathetic interest of both Leo XI II and Cardinal Hegenröther. That is not to mention the absorbing story of the convert English Holy Cross priest, Joseph Stevenson (d. 1895), who. after 1872, was in the hire of the British Government to copy documents for the College Public Record Office with a pension granted by Prime Minister William E. " Jesuit Gladstone. All historians of Catholicism will " Coed agree with the author in regretting the present policy that keeps the Vatican Ar- " Liberal Arts chives closed for all material dated after 1878. and they will join Chadwick when •> 2,400 Students he says: "We must hope that soon provi- sion will be made for opening to 1903 if not to 1914 or 1922." When it is recalled that in the early 188O's these Archives were opened to the year 1815, it makes Worcester, Mass. the current policy seem even more in- congruous. Furthermore, when one 316 America / November 4, I97S realizes that the voluminous papers of failure to secure it because of his pro- these German Catholic faculties of [he pontificate of Leo XIII (1878-1903) papal sympathies, the author states that theology or seminaries that were meant have for some time been readied for use "the majority of professors of history in when Professor Chadwick refers to of scholars and additional space provid- German Catholic universities" folhiwed Hegenröther's help in "the difficult ed for research workers, the present ban Döliinger out of the church ifter process of rebuilding 'scientific history' appears all the more unfortunate.
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