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The Case of the Pasig City Bus Service

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The Case of the Pasig City Bus Service Assessing the Implementation Arrangements for a City Bus Transport System through a Hybrid PPP Model: The Case of the Pasig City Bus Service Annelie LONTOCa, German AVENGOZAb, Nelson DOROYc, Giel Sabrine CRUZd, Alpher DE VERAe , Paolo MANUELf , Candice RAMOS g, ClairedeLune VILLANUEVA h a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines a E-mail: [email protected] b E-mail: [email protected] c E-mail: [email protected] d E-mail: [email protected] e E-mail: [email protected] f E-mail: [email protected] g E-mail: [email protected] h E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Ortigas Center is an important urban center in Metro Manila where its roads are often congested. Pasig City implemented a free bus service within Ortigas to address the need for public transportation. This Study assessed the implementation arrangements for a free bus service in Ortigas. The Study finds that there is a valid demand for the bus service as Ortigas is a key trip generator. However, the present free bus service is not financially viable. The Study shows that a fleet size fitted for demand will be more efficient than the current service. The Study finds that a Hybrid PPP Model for the bus service is more viable than a Pure PPP Model and the current arrangements. Both PPP Models will require the same institutional requirements such as a PPP Ordinance, the setting-up of a PPP Committee, and processes consistent with the awarding of local government contracts. Keywords: Local Public Transport Route Planning, Viability Assessment, PPP Bus Service 1. INTRODUCTION Pasig is a city in the Philippines located along the eastern border of Metro Manila. It is primarily residential and industrial, but has been becoming increasingly commercial in recent years, particularly after the construction of the Ortigas Center Business District (CBD) in its west. To this end, issues such as low level of efficiency of the public transport within Ortigas Center emerged. This was one of the findings from the Study of Pasig City Land Use and Transport Study commissioned by Pasig LGU. To improve this, the city government, in cooperation with Ortigas Center Association Inc., Association of Building Managers, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Transportation, has launched a free bus service to ferry commuters around the center and to reduce the number of cars on the road and provide cleaner air. This free bus service started its operation last June 22, 2016. To date, there are eight 25- seater bus that will ply specific routes and stops within Ortigas Center. Each bus is equipped with CCTV cameras, GPS connectivity and also use Euro IV fuel standards, in line with the Clean Air Act. This buses currently operate during rush hour on weekdays, from 6am to 9am, 12pm to 2pm, and 4pm to 7pm. The Government estimates that economic loss due to traffic congestion in Metro Manila amounts to of Php 3.5 Billion per day. This is particularly true in the Pasig-Ortigas Corridor and Ortigas Central Business District, which are both considered as traffic congestion hotspots. Continuing economic growth will mean that the car volume will increase, as well as the demand for public transportation. As such, it can be expected that traffic congestion is likely to continue resulting to economic loss due to loss of time, and increased vehicle operating costs. Hence, there is a need to define a more robust public transport system to able to accommodate the dynamics of travel demand. The free bus service in Pasig City is one way of addressing this problem. However, there will be sustainability and reliability issue for lack of revenue mechanism that can be used for expansion, and a proper operations and maintenance. 2. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE It is in the context of the abovementioned considerations that this Research is being made. The main objective of the Study is to assess the present implementation arrangements for the Pasig Free Bus Service referenced from the Local Public Transport Route Planning (LPTRP) Manual Operational Parameters for Public Transport Services. There are resource and time constraints in any research endeavor. The Study thus is limited to the following scope: (i) Focus on Pasig City Central Business District as study area; (ii) Simplified Forecast and Financial Model; and (iii) Route Focus: North-South Route and West-East Route. 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The Conceptual Framework of the Study is shown in the Figure below. It is a three-stage framework where each stage contributes to succeeding ones. The first framework involves the cyclical relationship of land use and transportation. A land that involves an economic activity will result to a demand for travel. This will in turn increase the accessibility of the land, which will cycle back to the increase of travel demand. Figure 1. Conceptual Framework The resulting travel demand is an input to the Four-Step Urban Transport Model, which will ultimately produce trips that are expected for the Pasig Bus Service. Trip Generation will answer how many trips are produced and attracted to and from the study areas. Trip Distribution will show how many trips are going from one zone to another, and within zones. Mode Choice will determine what particular transport modes the generated trips take. And finally, Route Assignment will say what routes will the transport modes take. The generated trips using public transport mode is the potential demand that the Pasig Bus Service will accommodate. At this last stage, the objective is to analyze the technical, financial, and institutional viability of the Service in reference to the service parameters of the Local Public Transport Route Planning (LPTRP) Manual that was jointly issued by the Department of Transportation (DOTR), Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). 4. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE With the influx of road users especially in the Ortigas Center in Pasig City, what has been problematic is the mobility of people. This attracts attention from researchers to focus on the city as a study area and to introduce high-capacity public transport options to commuters. Around the globe, buses play significant role in providing high-capacity public transport options to commuters. Different bus services have been created to provide specific purpose. For example, in Hampshire County, United Kingdom, 30% of all public buses are funded by the local government while 70% are run privately by private companies. Numerous studies recorded that quality of service greatly affects the overall performance of public transport system. For areas accessible by buses, factors which influence public ridership like service reliability, safety, comfort, and cleanliness may require performance improvements to motivate people to switch from private to public transport system. In terms of local literature, the ADB-funded study, TA-8195 PHI: Davao Sustainable Urban Transport conducted by Halcrow and TTPI (2013) discussed about sustainable urban transportation particularly franchising and financial requirements. Although the practice in public transport service is that private sector used to plan and deliver routes and modes while the government thru LTFRB responding to private sector’s request, the Study suggested for “public-private partnership” platform in which public sector becomes responsible for setting overall transport policy, planning network coverage, service level and standard and providing supporting infrastructure while the private sector is focused on providing and operating vehicle fleet. The study further discussed four possible inclusion in public transport reform program, such as: (1) Build-Operate-Transfer, (2) separate provision of infrastructure and operations, (3) active LGU involvement in network planning and management and (4) LGU involvement in providing operations. On literature regarding route measure capacity (RMC) in the assessment of public transportation. Manresa et al (2015) described how the current formula RMC is used as the policy instrument in determining public need of new or additional units for franchises of public transport. The paper discussed the current use and future prospects for the formulas including the need to come up with a network-based approach in determining the number of vehicles required to serve the estimated passenger demand. On the other hand, Carreon and Florendo (2013) applied the RMC formula in determining total passenger demand for the UP Campus – Katipunan public transport route in Quezon City, the biggest city in Metro Manila. Likewise, Mendoza and San Diego utilized the same RMC method for EDSA, the main arterial corridor of Metro Manila. They concluded that there is a 75% oversupply of buses in EDSA. Lastly, Doroy, Lidasan, et. al. (2017) proposed alternate methods to determine the appropriate route capacity for public transportation modes. And one of the more promising methods is the use of land use and trip generation as a determinant for public transportation fleet size requirements. Lastly, there are two transport studies focused on land use and road transport of Pasig City. In 2011, the Pasig City Central Business District (CBD) Land Use and Transport Study (Transport and Traffic Planners, Inc. & UP PLANADES) discussed the Pasig City’s current land use, traffic situation, public transport condition environmental improvement and disaster preparedness, travel demand forecast as well as recommended project measures. In 2013, the Public Transport Service Improvement for the Pasig Central Business District (Transport and Traffic Planners, Inc.) gave details on the priority recommended project measures for Pasig CBD including demand responsive traffic signal system and the introduction of environmentally sustainable public transport system for intra-CBD and inter-CBD transport connectivity using appropriate low carbon vehicle technologies. This is where the existing and operational Pasig free bus service stemmed. 5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The Research used standard methodologies in transportation science and viability assessment to accomplish its objectives.
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