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Univerza V Mariboru Filozofska Fakulteta UNIVERZA V MARIBORU FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ZGODOVINO Zdravko Savi ć PROF. DR. MILAN VIDMAR (1885-1962) PRVI JUGOSLOVANSKI IN SLOVENSKI ŠAHOVSKI VELEMOJSTER IN NJEGOVO SODELOVANJE NA MEDNARODNIH ŠAHOVSKIH TURNIRJIH (1904-1953) Diplomska naloga Maribor, 2009 Diplomska naloga univerzitetnega nepedagoškega študijskega programa PROF. DR. MILAN VIDMAR (1885-1962)PRVI JUGOSLOVANSKI IN SLOVENSKI ŠAHOVSKI VELEMOJSTER IN NJEGOVO SODELOVANJE NA MEDNARODNIH ŠAHOVSKIH TURNIRJIH (1904-1953) Študent: Zdravko SAVI Ć Študijski program: univerzitetni enopredmetni nepedagoški Smer: Zgodovina Mentor: red. prof. dr. Darko Friš Lektor: Bronislava Savi ć, predm. u č. slov. Maribor, 2009 III ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se mentorju red. prof. dr. Darku Frišu za pomo č in vodenje pri opravljanju diplomske naloge. Najlepše se zahvaljujem Medob činskemu muzeju v Kamniku, kjer sem raziskoval zapuš čino prof. Ivana Zike, ki se je ukvarjal s slovensko šahovsko zgodovino v času Avstro-Ogrske monarhije, Elektrotehni čnemu inštitutu dr. Milan Vidmar v Ljubljani, kjer so mi pripravili nekaj slikovnega gradiva in Univerzitetni knjižnici Maribor, ki hrani del Vidmarjeve šahovske zapuš čine. Še posebej bi se rad zahvalil velemojstru Svetozarju Gligori ću iz Beograda ter najstarejšemu slovenskemu šahovskemu mojstru 98-letnemu Antonu Preinfalku iz Ljubljane, ki sta mi o velemojstru Vidmarju povedala marsikaj zanimivega, saj sta se z njim sre čevala za šahovnico. Hvala ženi Bronislavi in h čerki Tjaši, ki sta mi bili v pomo č in podporo. IV U N I V E R Z A V M A R I B O R U F I L O Z O F S K A F A K U L T E T A Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor I Z J A V A Podpisani SAVI Ć ZDRAVKO , rojen 11. januarja 1955 študent Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru, smer: univerzitetni enopredmetni nepedagoški program : ZGODOVINA , izjavljam, da je diplomsko delo z naslovom PROF. DR. MILAN VIDMAR(1885-1962) PRVI JUGOSLOVANSKI IN SLOVENSKI ŠAHOVSKI VELEMOJSTER IN NJEGOVO SODELOVANJE NA MEDNARODNIH ŠAHOVSKIH TURNIRJIH (1904-1953) pri mentorju red. prof. dr. DARKU FRIŠU , avtorsko delo. V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev. -------------------------------- Maribor, 5. september 2009 V VI PROF. DR. MILAN VIDMAR(1885-1962) PRVI JUGOSLOVANSKI IN SLOVENSKI ŠAHOVSKI VELEMOJSTER IN NJEGOVO SODELOVANJE NA MEDNARODNIH ŠAHOVSKIH TURNIRJIH (1904-1953) Povzetek V diplomski nalogi predstavljam prvega jugoslovanskega in slovenskega šahovskega velemojstra prof. dr. Milana Vidmarja (1885-1962) v njegovi pol stoletja trajajo či šahovski karieri. V prvi tretjini 20. stoletja se je s svojimi velikimi uspehi na mednarodnih šahovskih turnirjih povzpel med vodilne svetovne velemojstre in celó med kandidate za naslov svetovnega šahovskega prvaka. Visoko mesto v svetovni šahovski hierarhiji si je pridobil kot amater, mo čno zaposlen s svojim poklicnim in znanstvenim delom. Za mednarodne šahovske turnirje se ni utegnil pripravljati kot njegovi nasprotniki-velemojstri, skoraj vsi šahovski profesionalci. Mednarodni turnirji, ki so ga uvrstili med prve svetovne šahiste, so bili San Sebastian 1911, London 1922, Semmering 1926 in New York 1927. Dr. Milan Vidmar je bil prvi predsednik Jugoslovanske šahovske zveze in častni predsednik Šahovske zveze Slovenije in Ljubljanskega šahovskega kluba. Mednarodna šahovska zveza (F.I.D.E.) je imenovala dr.Vidmarja za vrhovnega sodnika na match-turnirju za svetovno prvenstvo v Haagu-Moskvi 1948 leta, kjer je sovjetskega velemojstra Mihaila Botvinnika razglasil za 6. svetovnega šahovskega prvaka. Vrhovni sodnik je bil tudi na šahovskih olimpijadah v Dubrovniku 1950 in Amsterdamu 1954 ter na veleturnirju na Bledu 1961. Od ustanovitve ljubljanske univerze 1919. leta je dr. Vidmar kot redni profesor predaval na tehniški fakulteti elektrotehniko. Bil je odli čen predavatelj, rektor univerze, dekan tehniške fakultete in član Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, nekaj časa tudi njen predsednik. V Ljubljani je ustanovil in vodil inštitut za elektrotehniko. Njegova osebnost je bila vsestranska: šahovski velemojster, profesor elektrotehnike, umetnik in znanstvenik, filozof, skratka-Vidmar polihistor. O njegovem znanstvenem delu pri ča 35 njegovih knjig in ve č kot sto razprav in člankov. Umrl je v Ljubljani 9. oktobra 1962. VII Klju čne besede: šahovski velemojster, dr. Milan Vidmar, mednarodni šahovski turnirji, San Sebastian 1911, London 1922, Semmering 1926, New York 1927, Jugoslovanska šahovska zveza, Šahovska zveza Slovenije, Ljubljanski šahovski klub, Mednarodna šahovska zveza – F.I.D.E., Haag-Moskva 1948, velemojster Mihail Botvinnik, šahovske olimpijade Dubrovnik 1950, Amsterdam 1954, veleturnir Bled 1961, ljubljanska univerza, rektor, dekan, član in predsednik SAZU, inštitut za elektrotehniko. VIII PROF. DOC. MILAN VIDMAR (1885-1962) THE FIRST YUGOSLAVIAN AND SLOVENIAN CHESS GRANDMASTER AND HIS PARTICIPATION ON INTERNATIONAL CHESS TOURNAMENTS (1904-1953) Abstract In my diploma work I am presenting the first Yugoslavian and Slovenian chess grandmaster prof. doc. Milan Vidmar (1885-1962) in his half century lasting chess career. In the first third of the 20th century,by his great success on international chess tournaments,doc.Milan Vidmar one of leading world chess grandmasters and even became a candidate for the title of the world chess champion.. High position in the world chess hierarchy he had gained as an amateur, very busy with his professional and scientific work. For international chess tournaments he was not able to prepare as intensively as other competitors – almost all of them chess professionals, grandmasters. The international tournaments which placed him in the top of the world chess players were the tournaments in San Sebastian 1911, London 1922, Semmering 1926 and N ew York 1927. Doc. Milan Vidmar was the first president of the Yugoslavian Chess Union and also the president of honor of the Chess Union of Slovenia and the Chess Club of Ljubljana. The International Chess Union named doc. Milan Vidmar for the head judge on a match-tournament for the world championship in Haag-Moscow 1948 where he pronounced the Soviet grandmaster Mihail Botvinnik for the 6th World Chess Champion. As a head judge he also participated in chess olimpiades in Dubrovnik 1950 and in Amsterdam 1954 and on a grandtournament in Bled 1961. Since the establishment of the University of Ljubljana in 1919 prof. doc. Vidmar lectured electroingeneering on the Technical Faculty. He was a great lecturer, rector, dean of the Technical Faculty and a member of SAZU- Slovenian Academy of Science and Art and for some time also its president. In Ljubljana he established and was running the Institute of electroingeneering. His personality was very versital: chess grandmaster, professor of electroingeneering, artist and scientist, philosopher, in short- Vidmar polyhistor. About his scientific work we can read in 35 books and more than 100 discussions and articles. He died in Ljubljana Oct. 9th 1962. IX Key-words: chess grandmaster, doc.Milan Vidmar, international chess tournaments, San Sebastian 1911, London 1922, Semmering 1926, New York 1927, Yugoslavian Chess Union, Chess Union of Slovenia, Chess Club of Ljubljana, International Chess Union- F.I.D.E., Haag- Moscow 1948, grandmaster Mihail Botvinnik, chess olimpiade Dubrovnik 1950, Amsterdam 1954, grand tournament Bled 1961, University of Ljubljana, rector, dean, member and president of SAZU, Institute of electroingeneering. X KAZALO 1. UVOD..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. ŠAH NA SLOVENSKEM V OKVIRU AVSTRO-OGRSKE MONARHIJE(1867-1918)... 4 2.1. SLOVENSKI PROBLEMISTI....................................................................................... 6 2.2. ŠAHOVSKE RUBRIKE V SLOVENSKIH LITERARNIH REVIJAH...................... 10 2.3. ŠAHOVSKO ŽIVLJENJE NA SLOVENSKEM DO 1914 LETA .............................. 11 2.4. MEDNARODNI ŠAHOVSKI TURNIRJI V AVSTRO-OGRSKI.............................. 14 2.5. ŠAHISTI AVSTRO-OGRSKE MONARHIJE............................................................. 19 3. VIDMARJEV VSTOP V ŠAHOVSKI SVET...................................................................... 20 4. DUNAJSKA »VISOKA« ŠAHOVSKA ŠOLA IN PRVI MEDNARODNI ŠAHOVSKI TURNIRJI..................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1. MEDNARODNI ŠAHOVSKI TURNIR COBURG 1904 ( XIV. KONGRES NEMŠKE ŠAHOVSKE ZVEZE ) ............................................................................................................. 26 4.2. MEDNARODNI ŠAHOVSKI TURNIR BARMEN 1905........................................... 27 4.3. MEDNARODNI ŠAHOVSKI TURNIR NÜRNBERG 1906 ( XV. KONGRES NEMŠKE ŠAHOVSKE ZVEZE )............................................................................................ 29 5. ŠAHOVSKI VELEMOJSTRI SKOZI ZGODOVINO ( OD STEINITZA DO KONCA II. SVETOVNE VOJNE ) ................................................................................................................. 33 5.1. VELEMOJSTRI STEINITZOVE ERE ........................................................................ 34 5.2. VELEMOJSTRI LASKERJEVE ERE......................................................................... 35 5.3. ERA CAPABLANCE................................................................................................... 36 5.4. ALJEHINOVA ERA ...................................................................................................
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