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Diversity of Floral Thrips from Western Ghats of Karnataka

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Diversity of Floral Thrips from Western Ghats of Karnataka Indian Journal of Entomology 83(2021) Online published Ref. No. e20145 DoI No.: 10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00192.3 DIVERSITY OF FLORAL THRIPS FROM WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA P ROSELIN*, KULDEEP SHARMA1 AND R R RACHANA2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, V C farm Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 571405 Karnataka 1Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001 Rajasthan 2Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560024 Karnataka *Email: [email protected] (corresponding author) ABSTRACT The present study revealed the presence of 12 species of thrips associated with 25 species of flowering plants from Western Ghats of Karnataka. The observation showed that 8 thrips species belonged to suborder, Terebrantia viz., Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Neohydatothrips samayunkur Kudo, Stenchaetothrips faurei (Bhatti), Thrips florum (Bagnall), Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), Thrips palmi Karny, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and Trichromothrips arorai Bhatti and four thrips species suborder belong to the Tubulifera viz., Thrips parvispinus (Karny), Haplothrips ganglbaueri Schmutz, Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall) and Xylaplothrips ligs Ananthakrishnan and Jagadish. During the study, the density of thrip flower ranged from 1.24 to 9.20 and varied with the thrips species, and families of associated host plants. The study showed the presence of two abundant species viz., H. ganglbaueri and T. arorai from many of the host plants. A species of quarantine importance , T. parvispinus was also observed. Key words: Thysanoptera, survey, species diversity, faunistics, abundance, density, flowers Thrips are relatively small insects, belong to the exist there. Keeping this in view, the present study was order Thysanoptera, and subdivided into two suborders undertaken in Western Ghats of Karnataka to know the viz., Terebrantia and Tubulifera. Their body size ranges species diversity, abundance and density of thrips on from 0.5 to 15 mm in length and have fast growth and different floral plants. breeding potential (Ananthakrishnan, 1969). Many thrips species are pests of commercially important MATERIALS AND METHODS crops including ornamental plants. Few species serve as The present study was undertaken in the Western vectors for viruses that cause plant disease, especially Ghats of Karnataka from different host plants during of tospoviruses that cause serious crop losses (Mound, flower blooming winter season of 2016-17. A roving 1996). Some thrips species are beneficial as pollinators, survey was conducted in Puttur and Coorg districts. A and few species are predators of other insects or mites. total of 116 species of plants were observed. From each Thrips were earlier considered as minor insect pests plant species five flowers were collected. The collected on horticultural crops but nowadays are gaining more flowers from each plant, were immediately placed into importance as these cause economic losses (Dahiya et a labelled polyethylene bag. Later flowers were tapped al., 1995). In India, floriculture is gaining importance against a white sheet of paper to dislodge the thrips. The and Karnataka is having large area under floriculture. thrips that fell onto the white paper were individually However, flowers are affected by many insect pests collected using a fine paint brush and transferred into and causing economic losses to the growers (Butani, vials filled with thrips preservative media (10 ml of 1974). In India, a total of 739 species of thrips under 90% alcohol + 10 ml of glacial acetic acid + 0.1 ml 259 genera are listed, of which 309 species in 116 genera of Triton-x) (Bhatti, 1999). These vials were labelled belong to the suborder Terebrantia and 430 species in with name of host, location and date of collection for 143 genera belong to suborder Tubulifera (Tyagi and identification and thrips populations was assessed. Kumar, 2016). The Western Ghats of India is one of the eight hot spots of biological diversity. Hence, it is For identification, thrips were mounted on slides very likely that many undiscovered insect species also following the method adopted by Ananthakrishnan and 2 Indian Journal of Entomology 83(2021) Online published Ref. No. e20145 Sen (1980). Each specimen was taken carefully with This study revealed the occurrence of F. schultzei on fine camel hair brush from thrips preservative media on Gloriosa superba (Colchicaceae) and Hibiscus vitifolius a slide. The specimen was cut at the abdominal region (Malvaceae); and K. melaleucus on litter. In the present using a fine needle to remove the internal contents of study, N. samayunkur was observed on Justica umbrosa the body, later these were placed in 5% NaOH (For (Acanthaceae). Tillekaratne et al. (2011) also reported the suborder- Terebrantia, 1 hr and for suborder- Tubulifera, occurrence of N. samayunkur on Tagetes erecta; and S. 2 hr). The specimens were then transferred to distilled faurei was on Wedelia spp. (Asteraceae). However, Singh water for 30 min and then dehydrated with different and Varatharajan (2013) also observed S. faurei on rice alcohol concentrations: 50, 70, 90 and 100% for 5 min seedlings. The species T. arorai was recorded on flowers each. Later specimens were mounted on a slide with a of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae). But, Maisnam coverslip in a drop of Canada balsam mountant. The and Varatharajan (2015) reported T. arorai on leaves. slides were dried and labelled with location, date of The species, T. hawaiiensis, T. palmi, T. parvispinus, T. collection and host name. These slides were sent to florum and T. tabaci in the present study. These results ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources are in line with the findings of Balou et al. (2014) who (NBAIR), Bengaluru for the identification. All the thrips reported that T. hawaiiensis, T. palmi, T. parvispinus, T. species collected were taxonomically identified up to florumand T. tabaci were highly polyphagous. Maisnam suborder, family, genus and species level at NBAIR. and Varatharajan (2015) showed the occurrence of 108 species from 58 plant species belonging to 31 families RESULTS AND DISCUSSION from the biodiversity rich Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary The diversity, abundance and density of thrips (Arunachal Pradesh). They also reported H. ganglbaueri in relation to flowering plant species recorded from as occurring generally on different flowers and T. Western Ghats of Karnataka are presented here. During arorai on leaves. Similarly, Tillekaratne et al. (2011) the survey, 116 plant species were observed, of which also observed H. ganglbaueri on flowers of Celosia 25 plant species showed the presence of thrips (Table argentia (Amaranthaceae), Dactyloctenium aegyptium 1). Of these, 20 species were identified and five species and Eleusine indica (Poaceae). could not be identified. The flowers that showed the Among these, most abundant were H. ganglbaueri presence of thrips were viz., Acacia auriculiformis Benth, Allamanda cathartica L., Brugmansia fleurs, and T. arorai; moderately abundant ones were F. Calliandra spp., Caesalpinia pulcherrima L., Carica schultzei, K. melaleucus, N. samayunkur, S. faurei, T. papaya L., Cassia spp., Cosmos spp., Crotolaria florum, T. hawaiiensis, T. parvispinusand T. tabaci, and spp., Clerodendrum speciosum Dombrain, Gloriosa the least abundant were T. palmi and X. ligs (Table 1). superba L., Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig, Similar to the present study, Tillekaratne et al. (2011) Impatiens balsamina L., Jasminum multiflorum reported the abundance of T. palmi and H. gowdeyi as (Burm. F.) Andrews, Justica umbrosa Benth, Leucaena the most widely distributed. However, Childers and leucocephala Lam, Mangifera indica L., Pentas carnea Nakahara (2006) observed that T. hawaiiensis occurred (Forssk.) Deflers, Spilanthes spp. and Wedelia spp. in less numbers on citrus vines. The present study Among these, there were 12 species of thrips identified found an important species of quarantine importance, viz., Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Neohydatothrips T. parvispinus, which is a serious pest on a number of samayunkur Kudo, Stenchaetothrips faurei (Bhatti), crops, and its occurrence had been reported first by Thrips florum(Bagnall) , Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), Tyagi et al., (2015) on papaya from Bangalore. Thrips palmi Karny, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and The density of species/ flower given in Table 2 Trichromothrips arorai Bhatti belonged to the reveal that the maximum one was of T. tabaci (9.30 suborder, which Terebrantia and four species viz., thrips/ flower) on M. indica (Anacardiaceae), which Thrips parvispinus (Karny), Haplothrips ganglbaueri was followed 6.68 thrips/ flower on H. coronarium Schmutz, Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall) and (Zingiberaceae). On plants, A. auriculiformis, C. Xylaplothrips ligs Ananthakrishnan and Jagadish from pulcherrima, Calliandra spp. (Fabaceae), T. tabaci, suborder Tubulifera (Table 1). T. florum, T. hawaiiensis and T. arorai were recorded The present study of thrips in relation with their host @ 5.60 thrips/ flower. Flowers of C. speciosum plants can be compared with similar studies conducted (Lamiaceae) were inhabited by K. melaleucus (5.60 by Tillekaratne et al. (2011), who collected 72 species thrips/ flower); and T. hawaiiensis (4.64 thrips/ in 45 genera from 324 plant species in 83 families. flower) was observed on the
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