Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159 (2016) 97–142
Syrphidae (Diptera) of Surinam: Eristalinae and synthesis Menno Reemer
The fauna of Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Surinam is reviewed. Accounts are given for 81 species of Eristalinae. These include larval rearing records for species of Ceriogaster Williston, 1888, Copestylum Macquart, 1846, Lepidomyia Loew, 1864, Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville, 1828, and Quichuana Knab, 1913. Keys are given for the Surinamese species of Meromacrus Rondani, 1848 and Palpada Macquart, 1834. Two new species are described: Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. and Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n. A new synonymy is proposed: Meromacrus fucatus Hull, 1930 = Meromacrus ceres Hull, 1942 jun. syn. n. All species are figured with photographs. Compared with the checklist of Van Doesburg (1966), 26 species are added and four are removed. Several possibly new species are left unnamed, pending required taxonomic revisions. In total, 183 species of Syrphidae are now known from Surinam: 60 Syrphinae, 42 Microdontinae, and 81 Eristalinae. Concluding remarks are made on the number of species expected to occur in the country. Keywords: Diptera; Syrphidae; Eristalinae; Surinam; Neotropical region; keys; new species Menno Reemer, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected]
Introduction Whereas the subfamilies Syrphinae (including The Eristalinae are a highly diverse group of Pipizinae, which have recently been argued to de- hoverflies, ranging in adult appearance from small serve subfamily status: Mengual et al. 2015) and Mi- to large, slender to stout, bald to furry, dull to shiny, crodontinae are considered to be monophyletic, the and plain to colourful. Adult Eristalinae are flower monophyly of the Eristalinae is still a matter of debate. visitors, feeding on pollen and nectar. Larvae of most Certain analyses have recovered several unrelated Eristalinae are saprophagous, although phytophagy tribes within this subfamily (Ståhls et al. 2003, Hippa dominates in a few lineages, and some genera or & Ståhls 2005, Reemer & Ståhls 2013). However, species within otherwise saprophagous genera have pending a better understanding of the phylogenetic shifted towards zoophagy (e.g. Nepenthosyrphus De relationships of this unnatural group, most authors Meijere, 1932 and Volucella Geoffroy, 1762). How- pragmatically choose to use the name Eristalinae in the ever, this simplistic division does little justice to traditional way. This is also done in the present paper. their large morphological and biological diversity. Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) recorded 63 species In the Neotropical region, larvae of Eristalinae can currently assigned to the Eristalinae from Surinam, be found e.g. in decaying cacti, tree resin exudate, 21 of which belong to the genus Copestylum Mac- rot-holes in trees, water-filled bromeliads, compost quart, 1846. The present work reviews Van Does- heaps, and many other kinds of decaying organic burg’s records and adds recent records as gathered matter (Thompson et al. 2010). by the author in 2005 and 2006. Previous studies
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 159: 97–142, Tables 1–6. Figs 1–171. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 1 November 2016. DOI 10.1163/22119434-15902002 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
(Reemer 2010, 2014) have dealt with the Syrphinae Peru (from where the species was described) has a and Microdontinae of Surinam. distinct bluish shine over its entire body, which is not The identities of several species recorded in this present in the specimens from Surinam and Costa paper are uncertain, because of unresolved taxon- Rica. Otherwise the specimens are very similar in ex- omy. Species revisions are badly needed for many ternal morphology. genera occurring in the Neotropical region. Despite New records. Colakreek, 30.iii–6.iv.2006, 1 ♀; Co- this, I chose to publish the records of the unidenti- lakreek, 15–28.iv.2006, 2 ♀. fied species, with clarifying photographs and discus- sions. By doing so, the availability of this material for Ceriogaster Williston, 1888 further research will be known to future researchers The genus Ceriogaster is characterized by the pres- studying the fauna of Surinam. ence of transverse rows of short black spines on the occiput and the anterior margin of the mesoscu- tum, the depressed dorsal part of the carinate face, Material and methods the complete postmetacoxal bridge and the dilated Explanation of material and methods, as well as a anterior tarsi (Hippa 1978). The genus is closely re- list of collecting sites and acronyms of entomologi- lated to Sterphus and has been considered a subgenus cal collections, can be found in Reemer (2010). The or species group of that genus (fascithorax-group in following additional acronyms are used: ANSP Thompson 1973a). Two keys to the species of the ge- (Academy of National Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, nus have been published (Curran 1934, Hull 1943), USA), CM (Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, which are both of questionable value for they rely USA), CU (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA), strongly on colour characters that seem to be quite IRSNB (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de variable within species. According to Thompson Belgique, Brussels, Belgium). (1999), 10 species are described and an additional four are known to be undescribed. The described species are ill defined and the genus is badly in need Results of revision. A total number of 81 species of Eristalinae are re- Three species are recognized among the mate- corded from Surinam in this paper. Habitus pho- rial from Surinam. These species are highly similar tographs of all species [except Copestylum cyanescens in colouration and external morphology, but the (Macquart)] are given in Figs 1–120. Unless stated male genitalia are distinct (Figs 121–125). A subse- otherwise, references to ‘previous records’ concern quent attempt to find names for these species was the papers by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) and ‘new partly successful, but types of only three species were records’ are from the present author. examined: Ceriogaster panamensis Curran, 1930 (AMNH), C. scutellata Curran, 1934 (AMNH), Alipumilio Shannon, 1927 C. spinosus (Shannon, 1925) (USNM). In C. pana- A Neotropical genus of small, compactly built flies, mensis, the prescutellar spot of golden pile is much with six described and at least four undescribed spe- larger than in the specimens from Surinam, which cies. The larvae are known to develop in resin flows is why these are not considered to belong to that of trees belonging to Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae and species. Pinaceae (Thompson 1972, 1999, Rotheray et al. Characters for distinguishing the males of the three 2000, Plowden et al. 2004, Morales et al. 2009). species known from Surinam are given in Table 1. Females of C. arethusa can also be recognized (see Alipumilio cf. avispas Vockeroth species account), but no characters were found to Fig. 52 distinguish the females of the other two species. Alipumilio avispas Vockeroth, 1964: 924. Holotype The larval ecology of Ceriogaster was previously ♀: Peru, Madre de Dios (CNC). [not examined] unknown, but some larval rearing results are pre- sented here for C. spinosus. Notes. The specimens run to A. avispas Vockeroth in an unpublished draft key by F.C. Thompson, be- Ceriogaster arethusa Hull cause this is the only known species with a white plu- Figs 54, 55, 121 mule. The recently described A. athesphatus Thomp- son, 2009 (in Morales et al. 2009) can be ruled out Ceriogaster arethusa Hull, 1944: 42. Holotype ♂: because that is the only known species with a black Surinam, Paramaribo, Agricultural station ‘Wolfen- halter (yellow or white in other species). Specimens buttel’ (CU). [not examined] of A. avispas in the USNM collection (from Costa Ceriogaster arethusa Hull: Van Doesburg (1962: 19; Rica and Peru) are very similar, but a specimen from 1966: 97).
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Figs 1–9. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 1, C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg male, Republiek 6.ix.1960; 2, C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg female, Perica 25.vi–9.vii.1997; 3, C. guianicum ss. Van Doesburg female, Browns- berg 6–20.vii.2001; 4, C. obliquicornis ss. Van Doesburg male, Republiek 28.viii.1959; 5, C. obliquicornis ss. Van Doesburg female, Zanderij 8.v.1963; 6, C. cyanoproctum ss. Van Doesburg female, Lelydorp 5.v.1964; 7, C. tym- panitis male, Paramaribo 21.vii.1961; 8, C. tympanitis female, Langatabbetje 19.iii.2006; 9, C. vagum ss. Van Does- burg male, Sipaliwini 14.vi.1961. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 10–21. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 10, C. claripennis ss. Van Doesburg male, Paramaribo 7.ix.1958; 11, C. claripennis ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo 3.vii.1959; 12, C. brevifacies ss. Van Does- burg male, Wilhelmina mts. 20.viii.1963; 13, C. musicanum ss. Van Doesburg male, Paramaribo 8.iv.1963; 14, C. musicanum ss. Van Doesburg female, Paloemeu 20.xi.1965; 15, C. SUR-04 female, Mapane area 28.v.1963; 16, C. pallens var. quadripunctatum male, paratype, Paramaribo 17.ix.1960; 17, C. pallens ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo 15.v.1959; 18, C. SUR-05 male, Pepejoe 20.v.1952; 19, C. pallidum ss. Van Doesburg male, Brownsberg 2.iv.2006; 20, C. pallidum ss. Van Doesburg female, Brownsberg 2.iv.2006; 21, C. SUR-06 female, Bakhuis Mts. 3–13.iii.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 22–33. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum species. – 22, C. fractum male, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 23, C. fractum female Brownsberg 6–20.vi.2001; 24, C. nr. fractum female, Paramaribo v.1957; 25, C. vitripennis ss. Van Doesburg female, Kwatta 27.ii.1964; 26, C. nigrifrons ss. Van Doesburg male, Perica 4–17.ii.1998; 27, C. nigrifrons ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo Zoo 24–31.i.2006; 28, C. SUR-01 female, Brownsberg 4.iii.2006; 29, C. sp. n. nr. vittifacium male, Mopentibo 19.iv.2006; 30, C. sp. n. nr. vittifacium female, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 23.i.2006; 31, C. circumdatum-group female, Stolkertsvijver 20.iii.2006; 32, C. pictum ss. Van Doesburg female, Paramaribo 4.ii.1960; 33, C. pusillum ss. Van Doesburg female, Mapane area 28.v.1963. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 34–43. Dorsal habitus of Copestylum and Ornidia species. – 34, C. fumipennis ss. Van Doesburg male, Sipaliwini 20–31.i.1966; 35, C. SUR-02 male, Peperpot 21.iii.2006; 36, C. SUR-02 female, Peperpot 25.i.2006; 37, C. SUR-03 female, Brownsberg 16–31.viii.2001; 38, C. emeralda ss. Van Doesburg female, Republiek 19.x.1963; 39, O. major female, Coeroeni 18.vi.1963; 40, O. aemula male, Paramaribo 15.x.1959; 41, O. aemula female, Estate Morgenstond 5.ix.1958; 42, O. obesa male, Brownsberg 4.iv.2006; 43, O. obesa female, Meerzorg- Tamanredjo 6.i.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 44–52. Dorsal habitus of Eristalinae. – 44, Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. male holotype, Awarradam 11.iv.2006 (reared from larva); 45, L. adriaanpeteri sp. n. female paratype, Awarradam 11.iv.2006 (reared from larva); 46, L. ortalina female, Paramaribo 16.ix.1960; 47, L. brethesi female, Raleigh Falls 12.vii.1963; 48, L. cf. dionysiana female, Perica 12–26.xi.1997; 49, Myolepta cf. scintillans male, Paramaribo Leiding 17.ii–1.iii.2006; 50, M. cf. scintillans female, Paramaribo Leiding 17.ii–1.iii.2006; 51, M. SUR-02 male, Brownsberg 1.iv.2006; 52, Alipumilio cf. avispas female, Colakreek 30.iii–6.iv.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 53–64. Dorsal habitus of Eristalinae. – 53, Cerigoaster spinosus male, Awarradam 13.iv.2006; 54, C. arethusa male, Clevia 1.v.1963; 55, C. arethusa female, Paramaribo 25.i.1960; 56, C. SUR-03 male, Zanderij 23.ix.1960; 57, Neplas azteca ss. Van Doesburg male, Kabelstation 21.x.1958; 58, N. azteca ss. Van Doesburg female, Parama ribo 29.xii.1958; 59, N. pallitarsis ss. Van Doesburg male, Mapane area 28.v.1963; 60, N. smarti ss. Van Doesburg male, Kabelstation 24.x.1958; 61, N. smarti ss. Van Doesburg female, Mapane area 28.v.1963; 62, N. vagans ss. Van Doesburg male, Mapane area 28.v.1963; 63, N. vagans ss. Van Doesburg female, Kaaimanston 18.vii.1963; 64, Sterphus plagiatus female, Nassau Mts. 19.iii.1949. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 65–72. Dorsal habitus of Eristalinae. – 65, Senogaster dentipes male, Republiek 10.i.2006; 66, S. dentipes female, Peperpot 24.ii.2006; 67, Sphiximorpha roederii female, Paramaribo vii–viii.1969; 68, Quichuana angus- tiventris male, Brownsberg 5.iii.2006; 69, Q. angustiventris female, Brownsberg 4.ii.2006; 70, Q. longicauda male, Brownsberg 22.iv.2006; 71, Q. picadoi male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 23.i.2006; 72, Q. picadoi female, Meerzorg 13.i.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 73–79. Dorsal habitus of Meromacrus species. – 73, M. basiger female, Brownsberg 4.ii.2006; 74, M. brun- neus male, Paramaribo 15.iv.1964; 75, M. brunneus female, Babunsanti 11.iii.2006; 76, M. fucatus female, Per- ica 1–15.x.1997; 77, M. doesburgi female holotype, Perica 10–24.xii.1997; 78, M. laconicus female, Paramaribo 31.iii.1959; 79, M. niger female, Paramaribo vii.1957. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 80–89. Dorsal habitus of Palpada species. – 80, P. conica male, Peperpot 7.iii.2006; 81, P. conica female, Pe perpot 27.iv.2006; 82, P. doris male, Sipaliwini 13.vi.1963; 83, P. doris female, Sipaliwini 13.vi.1963; 84, P. scutel- laris male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 29.xii.2005; 85, P. scutellaris female, Peperpot 14.iii.2006; 86, P. panorama male paratype, Plantage Berlijn 28.viii.1961; 87, P. erratica male, Brownsberg 25.xii.1971; 88, P. erratica female, Nassau Mts. 21.iii.1949; 89, P. precipua female, Domburg 3.xii.1963. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 90–99. Dorsal habitus of Palpada species. – 90, P. langi female, Perica 14–28.v.1997; 91, P. agrorum male, Meerzorg 13.i.2006; 92, P. agrorum female, Boskamp 7.i.2006; 93, P. nigripes female, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 26.xii.1964; 94, P. albifrons male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 7.iii.2006; 95, P. albifrons female, Peperpot 28.iii. 2006; 96, P. minutalis male, Peperpot 24.ii.2006; 97, P. minutalis female, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 9.i.2006; 98, P. rufiventris male, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 9.i.2006; 99, P. rufiventris female, Peperpot 7.iii.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 100–110. Dorsal habitus of Palpada species. – 100, P. florea male, Mopentibo 8.iii.2006; 101, P. florea female, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 31.i.2006; 102, P. fasciata male, Nassau Mts. 24.iv.2006; 103, P. fasciata female, Republiek 10.i.2006; 104, P. interrupta male, Peperpot 20–27.iv.2006; 105, P. interrupta female, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 11.i.2006; 106, P. inversa male, Mopentibo 19.iv.2006; 107, P. inversa female, Zanderij road to Kraka 16.iii.2006; 108, P. surinamensis male lectotype; 109, P. pusio male, Zanderij road to Kraka 16.iii.2006; 110, P. pusio female 2, Sipaliwini 7.vi.1963. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Figs 111–120. Dorsal habitus of Palpada and Lycastrirhyncha species. – 111, P. spectabilis male, Peperpot 7.iii.2006; 112, P. geniculata male, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 31.i.2006; 113, P. geniculata female, Peper- pot 14.iii.2006; 114, P. SUR-27 female, Sipaliwini 8.vi.1963; 115, P. solennis male, Republiek 11.v.1963; 116, P. solennis female, Zanderij 24.vii.1964; 117, P. vinetorum male, Peperpot 28.iii.2006; 118, P. vinetorum female, Paramaribo Cultuurtuin 30.xii.2005; 119, L. quinta male, Peperpot 20.iv.2006; 120, L. quinta female, Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit 8.iii.2006. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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Fig. 123. Ceriogaster spinosus (Shannon) ♂, Raleigh Falls 15.ii.2006, hypandrium and aedeagus (concealed within hypandrium) lateral.
Fig. 121. Ceriogaster arethusa Hull ♂, Paramaribo 28.iv.1963, hypandrium (top) and aedeagus (bottom) lateral.
Fig. 124 Ceriogaster SUR-03 ♂, Zanderij 23.ix.1960, hypandrium (top) and aedeagus (bottom) lateral.
C. arethusa is also different from all other taxa under Ceriogaster can only be decided after a revision of the Fig. 122. Ceriogaster spinosus (Shannon) holotype ♂ genus. Van Doesburg (1966) described the female. (Panama), hypandrium (top) and aedeagus (bottom) A specimen he labelled as “allotype” is present in the lateral. RMNH collection. Females can be recognized by the characters of the wing microtrichosity and the yellow maculae on tergite 2 as mentioned for the males in Notes. Before actually describing it in Hull (1944), Table 1. Hull (1943) included C. arethusa in his key to the Previous records. Blauwgrond, Charlesburg, Clevia, species of the genus. The species is described from Estate Morgenstond, Mapane area, Paramaribo, Paramaribo, as pointed out by Thompson (1974). Sipaliwini. The Surinamese specimens identified asC. arethusa New records. Paramaribo, Leiding, 6–17.ii.2006, by Van Doesburg agree well with the description. 1 ♂. The specimens clearly differ from those of other spe- cies known from Surinam, and there is little reason Ceriogaster spinosus (Shannon) to doubt that they belong to C. arethusa. Whether Figs 53, 122, 123, 127 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Table 1. Characters for distinguishing males of the three Ceriogaster species known from Surinam. C. arethusa C. spinosus Ceriogaster SUR-03 Wing cell c (costal cell) Fully microtrichose, Bare on posterobasal 50% Bare on posterobasal maximally basal 5% bare 50% Width : length ratio tergite 2 (width 1 : 1.4 1 : 1.1 1 : 1.4 measured at posterior margin, length at midline) Yellow maculae tergite 2 Large and clear Absent or weakly developed Absent or weakly developed Genitalia As in Fig. 121 As in Figs 122, 123 As in Fig. 124
Fig. 125. Ceriogaster scutellata Curran holotype ♂ ( Guyana), hypandrium (top) and aedeagus (bottom) Fig. 126. Dead tree trunk with small, water-filled rot- lateral. holes in which larvae of Ceriogaster spinosus were found. Zanderij 22.i.2006. Zonemyia spinosa Shannon, 1925: 109. Holotype ♂: Panama (USNM). [examined] New records. Zanderij, larva 22.i.2006, 2 ♂ (pupa- Notes. The holotype of C. spinosus has been ex- tion 30.i and adult emergence 12–16.ii for one speci- amined and its genitalia are figured in Fig. 122. men, other unknown); Raleigh Falls, 15.ii.2006, 1 ♂; The genitalia of a specimen from Surinam are fig- Grandam, 12.iv.2006, 1 ♂; Awarradam, 13.iv.2006, ured in Fig. 123. Although there are certain differ- 1 ♂; Nassau Mountains, 21.iv.2006, 1 ♂. ences, these are much smaller than the differences with the genitalia of the other examined Ceriogaster Ceriogaster SUR-03 species (Figs 121, 124, 125). Therefore, these speci- Figs 56, 124 mens are considered to belong to C. spinosus here. Ceriogaster scutellata Curran, 1934 of Van Doesburg Two specimens from Zanderij were found as lar- (1962: 19; 1966: 98), misidentification. vae in a small, water-filled rot-hole in a dead, lying tree-trunk (Figs 126, 127) on 22 January 2006. One Notes. The holotype of C. scutellata Curran of them pupated on January 30th and the adult (AMNH) has been examined and its genitalia are fig- emerged between the 12th and 16th of February. ured in Fig. 125. These are very different from those Dates of pupation and emergence of the second of the Surinam specimen identified as C. scutellata by specimen are unknown. Van Doesburg (Fig. 124).Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Fig. 127. Ceriogaster spinosus, larva. Zanderij 22.i. Fig. 129. Copestylum sp. n. nr. vittifacium, larva found 2006. in inflorescence ofHeliconia bihai.
Fig. 128. Unidentified tree at Stolkertsvijver on 20.iii. Fig. 130. Inflorescences ofHeliconia bihai from 2006. A female of the Copestylum circumdatum-group Meerzorg, from which Copestylum sp. n. nr. vittifacium, (Fig. 31) was observed ovipositing in the sap run flow- Quichuana angustiventris and Q. picadoi were reared. ing from the bark.
Van Doesburg (1966) described the female of no pale pollinosity. This is, however, contradicted by what he supposed to be C. scutellata. A specimen both the description and the type specimen. he labelled as “allotype” is present in the RMNH Previous records. Republiek, Zanderij (Van Does- collection. Whether this female belongs to C. scutel- burg mentioned more localities, but these could not lata can only be decided after a thorough revision of be confirmed). the genus. For now, it seems better to remove this name from the checklist of Syrphidae of Surinam. Copestylum Macquart, 1846 Curran (1934) clearly made a mistake in his key With more than 300 described species, mostly to the four Ceriogaster species he knew. According found in the Neotropical region, Copestylum is one to this key, the mesonotal suture of C. scutellata has of the most diverseDownloaded genera offrom Syrphidae. Brill.com10/05/2021 Its species 01:31:13PM via free access
Notes. The specimens recorded as this species by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) are very similar to the ones recorded by him as C. cyanoproctum, C. guiani- cum and C. obliquicornis. A few additional specimens (listed below and under C. guianicum) were collected in recent years. According to G.E. Rotheray (pers. comm.) they belong to the macula species group, but a thorough revision is required before reliable species identifications are possible. So, the identifications here are merely tentative and very preliminary. Previous records. Paramaribo. New records. The following specimens belong to the same species group, but possibly not to the same species. Perica, 25.vi–9.vii.1997, leg. B. De Dijn, 2 Fig. 131. Inflorescences ofHeliconia spathocircinata ♀; Brownsberg, 16–31.viii.2001, leg. N. Grol & N. from Mopentibo, from which Copestylum sp. n. nr. Marseille, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 4.iii–1.iv.2006, 1 ♀. vittifacium was reared. Copestylum brevifacies (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg Fig. 12 taxonomy is badly worked out and many species Volucella brevifacies Curran, 1926: 52. Holotype ♀: have not yet been described. This was strikingly Guyana (AMNH). [not examined] illustrated by Rotheray et al. (2007), who revised the Volucella brevifacies Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: 23 species of this genus reared from bromeliads: 22 15, 1966: 93). of these species were described as new. For the present paper, the recently collected Notes. One of the females identified as this species specimens from Surinam were matched against the by Van Doesburg is very similar to the specimens specimens recorded by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966). he identified as C. musicanum, and may belong to Several of these specimens were also identified to spe- the same species. Two specimens from Paramaribo cies group level by Graham E. Rotheray (Edinburgh). identified by Van Doesburg asC. bequaerti (Curran, For most of the resulting ‘morphospecies’ the same 1930) are present in the RMNH collection, but were names are used as can be found in Van Doesburg’s pa- not recorded in his papers. They are very similar to pers. This certainly does not imply that these names the specimens recorded as C. brevifacies and C. musi- are correct. Probably, many of the specimens actually canum and may belong to the same species. belong to other species, partly undescribed. Possibly, Previous records. Nassau Mountains, Paramaribo, one or more specimens belong to the species described Voltz Mountain. in Ricarte et al. (2015), but their material is largely from Central America and the variability of these and Copestylum circumdatum (Walker) species group related taxa outside of this region is largely unknown. Figs 31, 128 Comprehensive revisions of well-defined species groups, based on large numbers of specimens from Phalacromya circumdata Walker, 1857: 154. Lecto- the entire Neotropical region, are necessary before it type ♀: Brazil (BMNH). [not examined] will be possible to identify the Surinamese specimens Notes. Four specimens were identified by G.E. reliably. At present, this is almost impossible. Rotheray as belonging to the Copestylum circumda- No species account is included here of Volucella tum species group. Possibly they belong to three dif- erythrocephala (De Geer, 1776). Van Doesburg (1962, ferent species, based on differences in colouration. 1966) recorded this species based on the descrip- A revision of this group is required before the identi- tion of Musca erythrocephala De Geer from Surinam. ties of these specimens can be clarified. However, this species has later been found to belong The female collected at Stolkertsvijver was ob- to the Calliphoridae (Thompson 1973b), so it does served ovipositing in black sap flowing from a rot- not belong on the list of Syrphidae from Surinam. hole in an unidentified tree (Fig. 128). Interestingly, Thompson & Marinoni (2003) state that Copestylum Copestylum alcedoides (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg circumdatum develops in bromeliads. Figs 1, 2 New records. Perica, 9–23.vii.1997 (Malaise trap), Volucella alcedoides Curran, 1939: 11. Holotype ♂: leg. B. De Dijn, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Perica, 5–19.iii.1998 Trinidad (AMNH). [not examined] (Malaise trap), leg. B. De Dijn, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Volucella alcedoides Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: Brownsberg, 30.viii–13.ix.2001, leg. A. Gangadin,
15, 1966: 93). 1 ♀ (RMNH); Stolkertsvijver,Downloaded 20.iii.2006,from Brill.com10/05/2021 1 ♀. 01:31:13PM via free access
Figs 132–139. Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. – 132, male holotype, habitus lateral; 133, female holotype, habitus lateral; 134, male holotype, head frontal; 135, male holotype, head lateral; 136, female paratype, head frontal; 137, male holotype, thorax dorsal; 138, male holotype, tergite 4 dorsal; 139, male holotype,Downloaded genitalia from Brill.com10/05/2021 lateral. 01:31:13PM via free access
Copestylum cyanescens (Macquart) ss. Van Doesburg Not figured Volucella cyanescens Macquart, 1842: 84. Type: Brazil (MNHN). [not examined] Volucella cyanescens Macquart: Van Doesburg (1962: 15, 1966: 94). Notes. Van Doesburg (1962) recorded one male from Republiek 28.viii.1959, but this specimen could not be found in the RMNH collection. Previous records. Republiek.
Copestylum cyanoproctum (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg Fig. 6 Volucella cyanoprocta Curran, 1939: 11. Holotype ♂: Peru (AMNH). [not examined] Volucella cyanoprocta Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: 94). Notes. See notes under C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg. Previous records. Lelydorp.
Fig. 140. The larvae of Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. Copestylum emeralda (Hull) ss. Van Doesburg were found in sap flowing from the wound in the bark Fig. 38 of this unidentified tree belonging to the Lauraceae. Awarradam 11.iv.2006. Volucella emeralda Hull, 1934: 20. Holotype ♂: Brazil (BMNH). [not examined] Volucella emeralda Hull: Van Doesburg (1966: 94). Notes. The female from Voltz Mountain was identi- fied by Van Doesburg asC. scintillans (Hull, 1949), but he did not mention it in his papers. The present author believes it belongs to the same species as the female from Republiek that Van Doesburg recorded as C. emeralda, so it is here listed preliminarily under this species, because Van Doesburg already published it under this name. Larvae of Copestylum emeralda have been found among decaying leaves of bromeliads (Rotheray et al. 2007). Previous records. Republiek. New records. Voltz Mountain, 13–15.vii.1963, leg. Fig. 141. Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n., empty P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1 ♀. puparium. Copestylum fractum (Curran) Figs 22, 23 Volucella fracta Curran, 1926: 58. Holotype ♀: Copestylum claripennis (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg French Guiana (AMNH). [not examined] Figs 10, 11 Volucella fracta Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: 94). Volucella florella Hull, 1944 of Van Doesburg (1962: Volucella claripennis Curran, 1925: 247. Holotype 94). ♂: Peru (CU). [not examined] Notes. The specimens from 2001 and 2006 were Volucella claripennis Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: identified as Copestylum fractum by G.E. Rotheray. 15, 1966: 94). The present author compared these specimens with Previous records. Paramaribo. the specimens identified as such by Van Doesburg Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Figs 142–147. Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n., holotype female. – 142, habitus lateral; 143, head frontal; 144, head lateral; 145, hind femur frontal; 146, wing; 147, posterior tergites dorsal. and found them to belong to the same species. The New records. Brownsberg, 6–20.vi.2001, leg. A. specimen from Pepejoe recorded by Van Doesburg Gangadin, S. Starke & H. Hiwat, 1 ♀ (RMNH); (1962) also belongs to this species. Brownsberg, larva 5.iii.2006, pupa 8.iii, adult 17.iii, A larva was found on the 5th of March 2006 1 ♂. at Brownsberg nature reserve among leaf litter in a water-filled palm leaf lying on the forest floor. Copestylum nr. fractum (Curran) It pupated on March 8th and an adult male emerged Fig. 24 on March 17th. Notes. A female specimen from Paramaribo was Previous records. Mapane area, Pepejoe. identified as Volucella“ ? fracta” by Van Doesburg, but Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Fig. 148. Meromacrus fucatus Hull, holotype female (Surinam, Paramaribo, coll. ANSP). Photo Rachel Os- born, courtesy ANSP, USNM, S.W. Williston Fund, F.C. Thompson (see Acknowledgements).
Figs 150–151. Myolepta cf. scintillans male. – 150, head frontal; 151, tergite 4 dorsal.
Fig. 149. Meromacrus ceres Hull, holotype male infuscated near apex in C. fumipennis). Probably it (French Guiana, Cayenne, coll. CNC). Photo Michelle belongs to another species, but further taxonomic Locke, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arach- work is necessary in order to clarify this. nids and Nematodes, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Previous records. Coeroeni. New records. Sipaliwini, 20–31.i.1966, leg. G.F. Mees, 1 ♂. not recorded in his papers. It differs from the other Copestylum guianicum (Hine) ss. Van Doesburg females of C. fractum from Surinam in the yellow Fig. 3 scutellum with dark depression (scutellum entirely dark in C. fractum), and the largely yellow tergite 4 Volucella guianica Hine, 1914: 338. Holotype ♀: (entirely dark in C. fractum). Guyana (OSUC). [not examined] New records. Paramaribo, v.1957, leg. P.H. van Volucella guianica Hine: Van Doesburg (1966: 95). Doesburg, 1 ♀. Notes. See notes under C. alcedoides ss. Van Doesburg. Copestylum fumipennis (Sack) ss. Van Doesburg Previous records. Zanderij. Fig. 34 New records. Brownsberg, 6–20.vii.2001, leg. A. Volucella fumipennis Sack, 1941: 104. Syntypes ♂ ♀: Gangadin, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 14–28.ix.2001, leg. A. Peru, Costa Rica (MTD & SMF). [not examined] Gangadin, 1 ♀; Bakhuis Mts., 3–13.iii.2006 (Mal- Volucella fumipennis Sack: Van Doesburg (1962: 16, aise trap), leg. B. De Dijn & A. Gangadin, 1 ♂ 1 ♀. 1966: 94). Copestylum musicanum (Curran) ss. Van Notes. The two male specimens from Surinam Doesburg do not agree entirely with the description of Sack Figs 13, 14 (1941). For instance, the basoflagellomere is orange brown (blackish brown in C. fumipennis), and the Volucella musicana Curran, 1930: 15. Holotype ♂: wing is yellowish along the anterior margin (strongly Brazil (AMNH). [notDownloaded examined] from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Figs 152–153. Myolepta SUR-02 male. – 152, head frontal; 153, tergite 4 dorsal.
Notes. Possibly, these specimens belong to C. musi- canum Ricarte & Hancock, 2015 (in Ricarte et al. 2015). Previous records. Ma Retraite, Phedra, Republiek, Wilhelmina Mountains. New records. Palumeu, 20.xi.1965, leg. G.F. Mees, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 13–27.ix.2001, leg. A. Gangadin, 1 ♀.
Copestylum nigrifrons (Hine) ss. Van Doesburg Figs 26, 27 Phalacromya nigrifrons Hine, 1914: 340. Type ♀: Guyana (OSUC). [not examined] Volucella nigrifrons (Hine): Van Doesburg (1966: 95). Notes. According to G.E. Rotheray (pers. comm.) these specimens belong to the chalybescens species group. Quite possibly, the material consists of more than one species. A revision of this group is required, however, before the specimens can be properly identified. Whether C. nigrifrons belongs to the Figs 154–156. Two disparate larval habitats of Ornidia chalybescens species group is unknown to the pres- obesa. – 154, sap run on a Bombacaceae tree (Paramari- ent author, but it seems better to maintain the name bo, Cultuurtuin 23.ii.2006); 155, old refrigerator filled Van Doesburg gave to these specimens until a better- with water and rotting fruits (Apoema 18.iii.2006); founded identification can be made. 156, larvae in refrigerator of previous figure.
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Figs 157–158. Tegula of left wing. – 157, Palpada agrorum; 158, P. rufiventris.
Figs 159–160. Apex of hind tibia, anterior view. – 159, Palpada erratica; 160, P. conica. New records. Perica, 1997–1998 (Malaise trap), leg. B. De Dijn, 9 ♂ 3 ♀; Paramaribo Zoo, i–ii.2006 (Malaise trap), 6 ♀; Paramaribo Leiding, i–iii.2006 Volucella pallens var. quadripunctatum Doesburg, (Malaise trap), 4 ♀; Peperpot, ii–iv.2006 (Malaise 1962: 30. Holotype ♂: Paramaribo (RMNH). trap), 2 ♂ 8 ♀. [examined] Volucella pallens Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: Copestylum obliquicornis (Curran) ss. Van 16, 1966: 95). Doesburg Notes. The specimen collected at Paramaribo Leiding Figs 4, 5 6–17.ii.2006 was identified as an undescribed spe- Volucella obliquicornis Curran, 1939: 12. Holotype cies by G.E. Rotheray (pers. comm.) However, it ♂: Guyana (AMNH). [not examined] agrees quite well with the specimens described by Volucella obliquicornis Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: Van Doesburg (1962) as C. pallens var. quadripunc- 95). tatum. More taxonomic work is required before these specimens can be given a definitive name. Notes. See notes under C. alcedoides ss. Van Previous records. Estate Morgenstond, Paramaribo. Doesburg. New records. Peperpot, 2.ii.2006, 1 ; Paramaribo Previous records. Republiek, Zanderij. ♀ Leiding, 6–17.ii.2006 (Malaise trap), 1 ♂; Para- maribo Leiding, 17.ii–1.iii.2006 (Malaise trap), 1 ; Copestylum pallens (Wiedemann) ss. Van ♂ Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 1 . Doesburg ♀ Figs 16, 17 Copestylum pallidum (Macquart) ss. Van Volucella pallens Wiedemann, 1830: 204. Syntypes Doesburg ♀: Brazil (NMW & SMF). [not examined] Figs 19, 20 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Figs 161–162. Palpada species males, head lateral. – 161, P. erratica; 162, P. panorama.
Volucella pallida Macquart, 1842: 86. Type ♂: Guyana (MNHN). [not examined] Volucella pallida Macquart: Van Doesburg (1962: 17, 1966: 95). Notes. According to G.E. Rotheray, who studied one of the recently collected specimens, the specimens may actually belong to an undescribed species, but further study is necessary. Previous records. Paramaribo, Sipaliwini. New records. Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 1 ♂; Browns- berg, 1.iv.2006, 2 ♂; Brownsberg, 2.iv.2006, 1 ♂ 2 ♀; Brownsberg, 8–10.vi.2007, leg. K.-D.B. Dijkstra, 1 ♂. Figs 163–164. Palpada species males, eye contiguity Copestylum pictum (Wiedemann) ss. Van dorsal. – 163, P. erratica; 164, P. panorama. Doesburg Fig. 32 Volucella picta Wiedemann, 1830: 201. Syntypes ♂ although they are somewhat larger. Probably they ♀: Brazil (NMW). [not examined] belong to the same species. Volucella picta Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: Previous records. Dordrecht, Paramaribo. 17, 1966: 95). Notes. These specimens look very similar to the ones Copestylum pusillum (Macquart) ss. Van Doesburg recorded by Van Doesburg (1966) as C. pusillum, Fig. 33 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Figs 165–166. Left hind femur, anterior view. – 165, Palpada fasciata male; 166, P. florea female.
Volucella pusilla Macquart, 1842: 81. Type ♀: Cuba Figs 167–168. Palpada surinamensis (Macquart), (lost?). [not examined] holotype male. – 167, habitus lateral; 168, head and thorax, dorsal. Volucella pusilla Macquart: Van Doesburg (1966: 96). Notes. See C. pictum. Previous records. Mapane area.
Copestylum tympanitis (Fabricius) Figs 7, 8 Syrphus tympanitis Fabricius, 1805: 226. Syntypes ♂ ♀: South America (ZMUC). [not examined] Volucella ardua Wiedemann, 1830: 204. Syntypes ♀: Surinam (NMW & ZMB). [not examined; syn- onymy according to Thompson et al. 1976] Volucella tympanitis (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: 17, 1966: 96). Notes. The specimen from Langatabbetje was ob- served ovipositing on the stems of Heliconia bihai. Previous records. Ma Retraite, Paramaribo. Fig. 169. Quichuana angustiventris, pupa. From larva New records. Langatabbetje, 19.iii.2006, 1 ♀ (det. collected in inflorescence ofHeliconia bihai, Paramari- G.E. Rotheray). bo Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006.
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Copestylum vitripennis (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg Fig. 25 Volucella vitripennis Curran, 1934: 387. Holotype ♀: Guyana (AMNH). [not examined] Volucella vitripennis Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: 98). Previous records. Kwatta.
Copestylum sp. n. nr. vittifacium (Hull, 1943) Figs 29, 30, 129 Notes. These specimens belong to an undescribed species from the vittifacium species group (pers. comm. G.E. Rotheray). All specimens were reared Fig. 170. Bromeliad from which Quichuana longicau- from larvae (Fig. 129) found in decaying organic da was reared. Brownsberg 5.iii.2006. matter that had accumulated in the inflorescences of Heliconia bihai (Fig. 130), except the specimens from Mopentibo, which were reared from Heliconia spathocircinata (Fig. 131) (identification ofHeliconia in 2006 by A. Gangadin, NZCS). The larvae pu- pated within 7–30 days after collecting, and adults emerged in 9–11 days after pupation. New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, larva 23.i.2006, pupa 7.ii, adult 16.ii, 1 ♂; Paramari- bo Cultuurtuin, larva 23.i.2006, pupa 7.ii, adult 17.ii, 1 ♀; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, larva 24.i.2006, pupa 31.i, adult 10.ii, 1 ♂; Langatabbetje, larva 19.iii.2006, pupa 8.iv, adult 17.iv, 1 ♀; Langatab- betje, larva 19.iii.2006, pupa 19.iv, adult 30.iv, 1 ♂; Grandam, larva 12.iv.2006, pupa 26.iv, adult 7.v, 2 ♂ 1 ♀; Mopentibo, larva 19.iv.2006, adult 19.v, 1 ♀; Mopentibo, larva 19.iv.2006, adult 29.iv, 1 ♂; Peperpot, larva 27.i.2007, adult 19.ii, 1 ♀; Peperpot, larva 27.i.2007, adult 20.ii, 1 ♂.
Copestylum SUR-01 Fig. 28 Notes. The two specimens from Brownsberg were reared from larvae found in accumulated tree sap behind bark. The specimen from Awarradam was found in a small sap run on an Inga tree (Mimosa- Fig. 171. Borreria euglobulaire (Rubiaceae) at Repub- ceae). According to G.E. Rotheray (pers. comm.) the liek 10.i.2006. Specimens of Senogaster dentipes were specimens belong to an undescribed species. visiting the flowers of this plant. New records. Brownsberg, larva 4.iii.2006, pupa 20.iii, adult 31.iii, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, larva 4.iii.2006, pupa 4.iv, adult 15.iv, 1 ♀; Awarradam, larva Copestylum vagum (Wiedemann) ss. Van 11.iv.2006, pupa 19.iv, adult 29.iv, 1 ♀. Doesburg Fig. 9 Copestylum SUR-02 (macquarti group) Volucella vaga Wiedemann, 1830: 205. Syntypes ♂: Figs 35, 36 Brazil (NMW & SMF). [not examined] Notes. The male specimen from Peperpot was Volucella vaga Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1966: identified by G.E. Rotheray (pers. comm.) as an 96). undescribed species of the macquarti species group. Previous records. Sipaliwini. The female (also from Peperpot) is preliminarily
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Table 2. Differences between Lepidomyia brethesi (Shannon) and L. adriaanpeteri sp. n. Lepidomyia brethesi (female only) Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri (male & female) Fasciae of golden scales on mesonotum dense and quite sharply Fasciae of golden scales on mesonotum sparser and less defined (Fig. 47) sharply defined (Figs 44, 45, 137) Apical cross-vein m1 with two angles (Fig. 47) Apical cross-vein m1 with one angle (Figs 44, 45) Subapical fascia of wing quite clear (Fig. 47) Supapical fascia of wing not so clear (Figs 44, 45) Posterior femora entirely reddish yellow Posterior femora black on apical half Tergite 2 broadly dull black medially, with somewhat shining Tergite 2 entirely pale brown in ground colour, shiny but grey posterior margin; laterally with large, dark orange spots entirely covered in thin greyish pubescence (Figs 44, 45) (Fig. 47) Tergite 4 entirely shining, sparsely but regularly covered with Tergite 4 with two large opaque markings; scales confined to whitish scales (Fig. 47) shining parts, so there are three vittae of sparse whitish scales (Fig. 138) Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Vertex with golden pubescence anterior to ocellar Etymology triangle; ocellar triangle somewhat elevated, shining, The specific epithet is dedicated to the memory of sparsely black pilose; frontal angle approximately 70°. my father, Adriaan Peter Reemer (15.vii.1946–22. Occiput narrow; dorsally narrowly pale pollinose; iii.2014), who accompanied me at Awarradam when ventrally widely pale pollinose. Eye bare; in living I collected the type specimens. specimens with two dark horizontal fasciae on dorsal half. Antenna: yellow, except basoflagellomere black- ish dorsally and apically; antennal ratio approximate- Ecology ly 1:1.5:3.5; scape twice as long as wide, apicodor- Reared from larvae found in a small (approximately sally sparsely black pilose; pedicel 2.5 times as long as 10 cm in diameter), shallow wound with exuding sap wide, dorsally sparsely black pilose; basoflagellomere in the bark of a tree, at a height of 1 m (Fig. 140). The 4 times as long as wide; arista somewhat longer than tree has been identified to family level with the help basoflagellomere; bare; basally pale, otherwise dark. of local people, who called the tree ‘apisii’ in their Thorax. Black. Postpronotum short and sparsely pi- Saramaccan language. According to Van ’t Klooster lose. Mesoscutum with three wide fasciae of golden (2003) this name applies to many different species scales, separated by sparse and appressed black pile; from several genera, all belonging to the Lauraceae. anterior fascia along anterior margin, narrow; middle The larvae were found in the sap flowing from the fascia along transverse suture, narrow; posterior fascia wound. Duration of the pupal stage has been noted along posterior margin, width about equal to length of in three cases, in all cases it lasted 10 days. scutellum. Postalar callus narrow, with golden scales. Scutellum triangular with acute apex; dorsally and basally with sparse pale pile; apicoventrally with some Lepidomyia brethesi (Shannon) short, thick black setae. Anterior and posterior anepi- Fig. 47 sternum, anterior anepimeron and dorsal part of kat- Lepidostola brethesi Shannon, 1928: 573. Holotype episternum with sparse golden scales. Katepisternum ♂: Bolivia (MACN). [not examined] ventrally sparsely with short pale pile. Katatergum, anatergum and mesonotum greyish microtrichose. Notes. This specimen has not been recorded by Van Metasternum bare. Postmetacoxal bridge incomplete. Doesburg (1962, 1966), possibly because he was Wing—Hyaline, with very vague subapical trans- uncertain about its identity. The identification label verse fascia caused by denser microtrichia. Wing mi- reads “Lepidostola ? brethesi Shan., det. v. Doesburg”. crotrichose, except bare on cell bc, basal 1/6 of cell c The specimen agrees very well with the description and basal 1/2 of cell bm. of Shannon (1928) and keys out to L. brethesi (Shan- Legs—Yellow, except following parts dark: coxae, non, 1928) in the key of Hull (1946). Characters antero-apical 1/3 of profemur, apical 1/2 of metafe- for distinguishing it from L. adriaanpeteri sp. n. are mur, apical two tarsomeres of all tarsae (specimen is given in Table 2. teneral so dark colouration may be more extensive New records. Raleigh Falls, 12.vii.1963, leg. P.H. in more mature specimens). Legs yellow pilose, ex- van Doesburg Jr., 1 ♀ (RMNH). cept black setose on ventral surface of mesotibia and mesotarsus, with some strong black setae ventrally at Lepidomyia cf. dionysiana (d’Andretta & Carrera) apex of mesotibia. Profemur with 4–5 strong black Fig. 48 setae on apicoventral 2/5; mesofemur with two rows Lepidostola dionysiana d’Andretta & Carrera, 1952: of 4–5 strong black setae on apicoventral 2/5; meta- 300. Holotype ♀: Brazil, Acre (MZUSP). [not femur with two rows of 8–10 strong black setae on examined] apicoventral 2/3. Abdomen. Tergites 1–2 pale brown, covered with Notes. These specimens do not key out in the key of very fine greyish pollinosity, moderately shining; Hull (1946). The original description (d’Andretta & short yellow pilose (longer laterally). Tergite 3 dull Carrera 1952) of L. dionysiana agrees well with the dark brown, except lateral and posterior margins specimens from Surinam, except that the hind tibia greyish brown; short yellow pilose. Tergite 4 shin- in the Surinam specimens is dark on the apical 2/3 ing brown, except for pair of dull, blackish brown, (entirely yellow in dionysiana). oval maculae in middle, occupying 3/4 of length of New records. Perica, 12–26.xi.1997, leg. B. De tergite; with three vittae of whitish, scale-like hairs; Dijn, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Peperpot, 24.ii–7.iii.2006, short yellow pilose along lateral margins. Sternites 1 ♀; Peperpot, 14–21.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 6–14. brown; sparsely pale pilose. Genitalia as in Fig. 139. iv.2006, 1 ♀. Female. As male, except frons with scattered yellow scales and small greyish pollinose macula along eye Lepidomyia ortalina Van der Wulp margin. Fig. 46 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Lepidomyia ortalina Van der Wulp, 1888: 374. Holo- New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii.2005, type ♀: Argentina (type lost). [not examined] 1 ♂; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 2 ♂ ( RMNH & MZH); Lepidostola ortalina (Van der Wulp): Van Doesburg Mopentibo, 8.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Anton (1962: 14, 1966: 93). de Kom Universiteit, 8.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 1 . Notes. The only known Surinamese specimen, a ♂ female from Paramaribo (16.ix.1960, leg. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., col. RMNH), agrees very well with Meromacrus Rondani, 1848 the description and the figures in Van der Wulp Meromacrus is a Neotropical genus of approximately (1888). The specimen that Hull (1946) described, 40 described species (Thompson 1999, Blatch et al. figured and attributed to L. ortalina is clearly an- 2003). The larvae are saprophagous and those of other species. Hull (1946) already suspected this some species are known to live in tree holes, and one himself: “The specimen I determine as ortalina may species has been found in decaying bananas (Pérez- be a different species…”. It is also different from Bañón et al. 2003). the specimen from Surinam, as is supported by the The Surinamese specimens of Meromacrus differences given in Table 3. The ‘variety’ lactivia of were identified using Hull (1942b), Lagrange Hull (1946) does not agree with the specimen from (1990a) and Blatch et al. (2003). In some cases the Surinam either. Unfortunately, the type specimen original descriptions and type specimens were con- of L. ortalina is lost. However, there is no reason to sulted. Specimens recorded from Surinam as M. suspect that the specimen from Surinam belongs to pratorum by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966), proved another species. to belong to M. brunneus and M. laconicus. In ad- Previous records. Paramaribo. dition, two other species are recorded here. A key to the species of the genus known from Surinam is given below. Lycastrirhyncha Bigot, 1859 Van Doesburg (1962) gives a key to all five known species of Lycastrirhyncha, which are all Neotropical. Key to species of Meromacrus known The larvae are unknown. from Surinam 1. Mesonotum with median longitudinal vitta Lycastrirhyncha quinta Doesburg of yellow tomentum (very thick and bright- Figs 119, 120 ly coloured pile) (Figs 73, 76)...... 2 Lycastrirrhyncha quinta Doesburg, 1962: 31. Holo- – Mesonotum without median longitudi- type ♀: Surinam, Paramaribo (RMNH). [examined] nal vitta of yellow tomentum, although a Lycastrirhyncha quinta Doesburg: Van Doesburg median vitta of pollinosity may be present (1962: 27, 31; 1966: 103). (Figs 74, 75, 77–79)...... 3 2. Legs and abdomen largely reddish. Ante- Notes. Species boundaries within Lycastrirhyncha are rior half of mesonotum with pair of sub- apparently mainly based on differences in coloura- median vittae of yellow tomentum, which tion (Doesburg 1962). The value of these characters are connected with the lateral fasciae of yel- is questionable because of their variability and sexual low tomentum along the transverse suture dimorphism. There is need for a revision of the exist- (Fig. 73)...... M. basiger ing material. – Legs and abdomen largely blackish brown. Previous records. Charlesburg, Clevia, Paramaribo. Anterior half of mesonotum without pair
Table 3. Differences between females of Lepidomyia ortalina from Surinam (Fig. 46) and L. ortalina sensu Hull (1946) (not figured). Lepidomyia ortalina from Surinam L. ortalina sensu Hull (1946) Lateral pubescence of face continuous along eye margin Lateral pubescence of face divided into two spots along eye margin Mesoscutum dull black Mesoscutum shining black Scutellum basally with ‘normal’ pale hairs Scutellum basally with many stiff golden hairs Wing without brown cloud Wing with a faint brown cloud in the region of the small cross vein Abdomen shiny black, except for two large opaque spots on Abdomen shiny black everywhere, except for greyish and opaque both tergites 2 and 3 posterior margin of second segment
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of submedian vittae of yellow tomentum (1962, 1966), but these were reidentified asM. brun- (Fig. 76)...... M. fucatus neus and are listed below. 3. Posterior margin of mesonotum with fascia The species was found in moist secondary forest of yellow tomentum (Figs 74, 75, 77). . . . 4 on clay and sandy soil, sunning on leaves. – Posterior margin of mesonotum without Previous records. Paramaribo. fascia of yellow tomentum (Fig. 79) . .M. niger New records. Paramaribo, 20.iv.1958, leg. P.H. van 4. Mesonotum anteriorly without pair of Doesburg, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Paramaribo, 10.v.1959, submedian patches of yellow tomentum leg. P.H. van Doesburg Jr.,1 ♀ (RMNH); Para- (Figs 74, 75, 77). Tergite 1 with continu- maribo, 3.vii.1959, leg. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1 ous fascia of yellow tomentum (Figs 74, ♀ (RMNH); Paramaribo, 27.iv.1963, leg. P.H. van 75, 77)...... 5 Doesburg Jr., 1 ♀ (RMNH); Paramaribo, 28.iv.1963, – Mesonotum anteriorly with pair of subme- leg. P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1 ♀ (RMNH); Peperpot, dian patches of yellow tomentum (Fig. 78). 7.iii, 11.iii, 14.iii and 28.iii/6.iv.2006 (Malaise trap), Tergite 1 with pair of separate patches of 4 ♀; Babunsanti, 11.iii.2006; 1♀. yellow tomentum (Fig. 78). . . .M. laconicus 5. Tergite 4 and 5 not covered with yellow Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n. tomentum (Figs 74, 75) . . . . .M. brunneus Figs 77, 142–147 – Tergite 4 and 5 covered with yellow tomen- Type material. Holotype ♀: Surinam, Marowijne, tum (Fig. 147) ...... M. doesburgi sp. n. near Perica, E–W Verbinding, road 21.25 km E of Commewijne River, Malaise trap, 10–24.xii.1997, Meromacrus basiger (Walker) leg. B. De Dijn (RMNH). Fig. 73 Paratypes. 3 ♀, same locality and year as holotype, Eristalis basiger Walker, 1860: 290. Holotype ♀: but different dates: 16–30.iv; 29.x–12.xi; 26.xi–10. Amazon region (BMNH). [examined] xii. Eristalomyia milesioides Bigot, 1880. Holotype ♂: Brazil (BMNH). [examined] Diagnosis Notes. The specimen from Surinam has been com- Body length 10–11 mm. Apart from Meromacrus pared with the type of M. basiger (a female) and the doesburgi sp. n., only one other species of this genus type of M. milesioides (a male), which was synonymized is known in which the 4th and 5th tergites are en- with M. basiger by Hull (1942b). The three specimens tirely covered with yellow tomentum: M. melansoni were found to be conspecific. Meromacrus basiger can be Blatch, 2003 (known from Mexico, El Salvador and identified using the key of Hull (1942b). Sack (1920) Costa Rica). From this species, M. doesburgi can be gives a short but accurate redescription (as M. milesioi- distinguished by the narrow fascia of yellow tomen- des) and Lagrange (1990a) figures the male genitalia. tum along the posterior margin of the mesoscutum. Meromacrus milesia from French Guyana as character- In M. melansoni, this fascia is medially directed an- ized by Hull (1942b) seems very similar to M. basiger teriad and thus widely separated from the posterior and is possibly synonymous. No type is known to exist margin of the mesoscutum (Blatch et al. 2003). of this taxon, of which no proper description or any figures are available, merely a few characters mentioned in the key of Hull (1942b). These characters may well Description of adult female (based be interpreted as lying within the range of intraspecific on holotype) variation of M. basiger. Body length 11 mm. New records. Brownsberg, 4.ii.2006, 1 ♀. Head. Black. Face with wide, bare, shining median vitta; yellowish pollinose and pilose laterally and yel- Meromacrus brunneus Hull lowish pollinose ventrad of antennal fossa. Genae Figs 74, 75 shining black, bare. Frons shining black and bare anteriorly, yellowish pollinose and pilose posteriorly. Meromacrus brunneus Hull, 1942b: 9. Holotype ♂: British Guyana, Wismar (AMNH). [examined] Vertex yellowish pollinose and pilose. Ocellar tri- Meromacrus brunneus Hull: Van Doesburg (1962, angle with frontal angle approximately 50°. Occiput 1966). yellowish pollinose and pilose/tomentose dorsally, Meromacrus fucatus Hull, 1930 of Van Doesburg getting white ventrally. Antenna: scape and pedicel (1962: 26, 1966: 102), in part, misidentification. dark brown; basoflagellomere reddish brown, 1.5 times as long as wide; arista yellow. Notes. The type has been examined and it agrees Thorax. Black, except for yellow posterior margin of with the specimens from Surinam. Some specimens scutellum. Postpronotum short black pilose. Meso were recorded as M. fucatus Hull by Van Doesburg scutum entirely covered with short black pile and with Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Table 4. Differences between Meromacrus fucatus Hull and M. ceres Hull as stated in the key of Hull (1942b). Character M. fucatus female M. ceres male Interpretation by present author Mesonotum “Strongly light yellow pilose in “Blackish in ground colour” No notable difference in ground colour upon the non- colouration of mesonotum tomentose areas” Scutellum “Light brownish yellow, “Dark brown at base, lighter A bit paler in type of M. fucatus, subtranslucent and yellow pilose” near the apical half with some but can easily be attributed to scattered black pile” intraspecific variation Abdominal pile “Except upon the first segment, “Dark reddish on second and Intraspecific variation, possibly black or dark red brown” fourth segments, the first due to sexual dimorphism segment yellow tomentose, the third basally, with a quite slender inconspicuous fascia of tomentum” Femora “Hind femora wholly light “All of the femora black” A bit paler in type of M. fucatus, ochraceous” but can easily be attributed to intraspecific variation
New records. Paramaribo Leiding, 17.ii–1.iii.2006 species are known to be saproxylic, and are found in (Malaise trap), 1 ♀; Paramaribo Zoo, 18–27.ii.2006 rot-holes in trees (Reemer et al. 2005). (malaise trap), 1 ♀. Myolepta cf. scintillans Hull Meromacrus niger Sack Figs 49, 50, 150, 151 Fig. 79 Lepidostola scintillans Hull, 1946: 3. Holotype ♂: Meromacrus niger Sack, 1920: 264. Syntypes ♂, ♀: Brazil (AMNH). [examined] Bolivia, Paraguay (MTD). [not examined] Notes. The specimens from Surinam were compared Meromacrus niger: Van Doesburg (1962: 26, 1966: 102). to the holotype of M. scintillans and found to be very similar, also in characters of genitalia and wing micro- Notes. The specimens key to M. niger in the key of trichia. The only difference found is that in the type of Hull (1942b). Lagrange (1990a) figures thorax, ab- M. scintillans the hairs on tergite 4 are a little bit scale- domen and genitalia of the male. like (although not nearly as wide as the scales on the Previous records. Combé, Lelydorp, Paramaribo thorax), while in the Surinam specimens these are just Cultuurtuin. ordinary pile. The importance of this difference can- not be evaluated based on the few specimens available Myolepta Newman, 1838 for study. The specimens from Surinam are prelimi- The specimens collected in Surinam belong to the narily considered to belong to M. scintillans, pending subgenus Protolepidostola Hull, 1949, as character- a revision of the Neotropical species of Myolepta. Dif- ized by Thompson (1968) by the following charac- ferences with Myolepta SUR-02 are given in Table 5. ters: small, compact flies with short head, reduced New records. Paramaribo Leiding, 17.ii–1.iii.2006, occiput, scale-like pile on thorax, and sometimes on 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Peperpot, 28.iii–6.iv.2006, 1 ♀. head and abdomen. Thompson (1968) placed five spe- cies of Myolepta in the subgenus Protolepidostola: M. Myolepta SUR-02 braziliana (Shannon), M. evansi Thompson, M. minuta Figs 51, 152, 153 (Fluke), M. problematica Thompson and M. scintillans (Hull). Thompson (1974) did not use the name Notes. This specimen is very similar to the ones Protolepidostola , but named it the ’scintillans-group’, in recorded here as Myolepta cf. scintillans, but differ in which he included M. braziliana (Shannon), M. evansi the characters listed in Table 5. Thompson, M. problematica Thompson, M. scintillans When the specimen was alive, it was noticed (Hull) and ‘possibly’ M. circularis (Hull) and M. dolorosa that the eyes were uniformly coloured. Thompson (Hull). Marinoni & Thompson (2003) used the name (1968) wrote: “It will be of interest to note whether Protolepidostola again and wrote that three species the eyes of living Protolepidostola show the metallic belong to the subgenus, without mentioning which patterns which are distinctive of living Lepidomyia three. They describe a new species, M. marinonii, which and Chrysogaster.” they included in Protolepidostola. At present, the Myo- New records. Brownsberg, 1.iv.2006, 1 ♂. lepta specimens from Surinam cannot be identified satisfactorily. Neplas Porter, 1927 The larval habits of Neotropical species of The only published key to species of Neplas Por- Myolepta are unknown, but the larvae of European ter is that of CurranDownloaded (1941). from This Brill.com10/05/2021 key includes 01:31:13PM 12 via free access
Table 5. Morphological differences between Myolepta cf. scintillans and Myolepta SUR-02. Myolepta cf. scintillans Myolepta SUR-02 Face wider (Fig. 150) Face more narrow (Fig. 152) Frons with dense golden pubescence (Fig. 150) Frons without pubescence, except for a narrow line along eye margin (Fig. 152) Scutellum a little more acute apically (Figs 49, 50) Scutellum a little less acute apically (Fig. 51) Posterior femora entirely yellow Posterior femora entirely black Tergite 3 without medial shining vitta; shining lateral Tergite 3 with shining medial vitta; shining lateral margins not margins strongly widening posteriorly (Fig. 151); dull parts of so much widening laterally (Fig. 153); dull parts clearly darker approximately same orange colour as shining parts than shining parts species, while Thompson et al. (1976) listed 29 spe- Xylota vagans Wiedemann, 1830: 101. Type ♀: cies names under this genus. Hippa (1978) included Brazil (NMW). [not examined] 33 species under Neplas, including some undescribed Previous records. Jodensavanne, Kabel, Mapane ones. From this information it is clear that it is pres- area. ently impossible to indentify specimens of Neplas New records. Kaaimanston 18.vii.1963, 1 ♀, leg. without undertaking a species revision of the genus. P.H. van Doesburg (RMNH). Taxonomy in this genus is complex, for many species are morphologically very similar. For those reasons, Ornidia Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 the identifications by Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) Specimens of Ornidia were identified using Thomp- are considered of little value. The identity of the Suri- son (1991) and Carvalho Filho & Esposito (2009). nam specimens is left unresolved in the current paper. The biology of the early stages is described by Ro- Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) listed four species theray et al. (2005). The distribution of three species from Surinam: N. azteca (Curran), N. pallitarsis in Venezuela is given by Baez (1985). (Curran), N. smarti (Curran) and N. vagans (Wie- demann). The material collected in 2005 and 2006 Ornidia aemula (Williston) also seems to consist of at least four species, but no Figs 40, 41 effort has been made to establish whether these are the same as the species of Van Doesburg. Therefore, Volucella aemula Williston, 1888: 272. Holotype ♀: the species names of Van Doesburg are repeated here, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (AMNH). [not examined] with addition of ‘sensu Van Doesburg’. Ornidia aemula: Van Doesburg (1962: 17, 1966: The larvae of Neplas species are unknown. 96). Ornidia obesoides (Giglio-Tos, 1892) of Van Does- Neplas azteca (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg burg (1962: 18, 1966: 97). Figs 57, 58 Notes. Two of the three specimens recorded by Van Planes azteca Curran, 1941: 303. Holotype ♀: Doesburg as Ornidia obesoides could be found in the Honduras (AMNH). [not examined] RMNH collection. These teneral specimens from Neplas azteca: Van Doesburg (1962: 18, 1966: 97). Jodensavanne belong to O. aemula. Previous records. Estate Morgenstond, Jodensa- Previous records. Kabelstation, Paramaribo. vanne, Paramaribo, Zanderij. New records. Mapane area, 25.xi.1982, 4, leg. Neplas pallitarsis (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg H. Hagg (RMNH). Fig. 59 Planes pallitarsis Curran, 1934: 404. Holotype ♂: Ornidia major Curran Guyana (AMNH). [not examined] Fig. 39 Previous records. Mapane area. Ornidia major Curran, 1930: 2. Holotype ♂: Brazil (AMNH). [not examined] Neplas smarti (Curran) ss. Van Doesburg Notes. A specimen of this species from the RMNH Figs 60, 61 collection has been identified correctly by P.H. van Planes smarti Curran, 1941: 302. Holotype ♂ Doesburg Sr., but for some reason he did not record (BMNH). [not examined] it in his 1966 paper. New records. Coeroeni, airstrip, 18.vi.1963, leg. Previous records. Kabelstation. J.G. Wessels Boer, 1 ♀ (RMNH).
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Syrphus obesus Fabricius, 1775: 763. Lectotype ♂: Key to the species of Palpada known Virgin Islands (ZMUC). [not examined] from Surinam Ornidia obesa: Van Doesburg (1962: 18, 1966: 97). 1. Mesonotum with one, two or three com- Notes. On 23.ii and 7.iii.2006, many larvae of plete transverse greyish fasciae (mostly Ornidia obesa were found in a large sap run on consisting of greyish pollination, but the a Bombacaceae tree (Paramaribo, Cultuurtuin) posterior fascia may be formed by shining (Fig. 154). On 18.iii.2006, hundreds of larvae were parts) (Figs 82–103, 106–111, 115–118) ������ 2 found in an old refrigerator, lying on the ground in – Mesonotum without complete greyish fas- a village (Apoema), containing water and rotting ciae (incomplete fasciae and vittae may be fruits (Figs 155, 156). Five larvae have been reared present) (Figs 104–105, 112–114) . . . . 23 to adults. The pupal development took nine days in 2. Mesonotum with three complete grey fasci- all five cases. ae: two in front of the transverse suture, one On a few occasions, adult males were seen hover- behind (Figs 80–93, 95–99, 111, 115–118) 3 ing in the early morning sun along forest borders and – Mesonotum with one or two complete fas- above paths, at heights of 2–4 m. Females sometimes ciae of greyish pollination, both in front of approach humans in a hovering flight, inspecting the transverse suture (Figs 94, 100–103, them during a couple of seconds, after which they 106–110)...... 18 swiftly fly away again. 3. Posterior grey fascia entirely dull, as dull Previous records. Charlesburg, Coronie, Estate as anterior and median fascia (Figs 90–93, Morgenstond, Paramaribo, Republiek, Tibiti 95–97, 115–118)...... 4 Savanne, Zanderij. – Posterior grey fascia on mesonotum shin- New records. Raleigh Falls, 17–26.ix.1996, 1 ♀ ing, clearly more so than anterior and me- (leg. L.W. Quate, col. RMNH); Sipaliwini, 14–16. dian fascia (Figs 80–89, 111)...... 12 iv.1997, leg. A. Gangadin, 1 ♂ (RMNH); Meerzorg- 4. At least wing cells r1 and r2+3 with patches Tamanredjo, 6.i.2006, 2 ♀; Mopentibo, 13.i.2006, of microtrichia ...... 5 5 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 14.i.2006, 1 ♀; – Wing entirely bare...... 8 Paramaribo Zoo, 19–24.i.2006, 2 ♀; Paramaribo 5. Anepimeron entirely yellow pilose. . . . . 6 Leiding, 28.i–6.ii.2006, 2 ♀; Paramaribo Zoo, 31.i– – Anepimeron anteriorly black pilose. . . . . 7 7.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 28.ii.2006, 6. Wing cell r4+5 with patch of microtrichia leg. D. Roubik, 2 ♂ ( RMNH); Paramaribo Cul- in apical half. Mesonotum entirely yellow tuurtuin, 7.iii.2006, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (found as larvae and pilose ...... P. vinetorum reared); Apoema, 18.iii.2006, many larvae; Nason, – Wing cell r4+5 entirely bare. Mesonotum 19.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 4.iv.2006, 1 ♂; Pe- on posterior half with wide fascia of black perpot, 20–27.iv.2006, 1 ♀. Uncollected specimens pile...... P. solennis (field observations M. Reemer): Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 7. Small species, body length around 10 mm. 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Peperpot, 2.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Meerzorg, Wing clear ...... P. langi 8.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1 – Large species, body length 14–15 mm. ♀; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Mopentibo, 8.iii.2006, Wing with conspicuous dark cloud. . . . 1 ♂; Zanderij road to Kraka, 16.iii.2006, 1 ♀; . . P. spectabilis (also keyed out in couplet 13) Colakreek, 23.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Mopentibo, 27.iii. 8. Tegula largely or entirely black pilose 2006, several ♂; Peperpot, 28.iii.2006, several ♂ ♀; (Fig. 157)...... 9 Peperpot, 19.iv.2006, ♂. – Tegula entirely yellow or reddish pilose (Fig. 158)...... 10 Palpada Macquart, 1834 9. Anepimeron anteriorly black pilose. . . . At present, 23 species of Palpada are recognized from ...... P. agrorum Surinam. They can be identified using the key be- – Anepimeron entirely yellow pilose. . . . low. Parts of this key are based on the keys of Curran ...... P. albifrons female (1934), Lagrange (1987, 1989, 1990b, 1992) and 10. Male: pregenital segments and genitalia Morales & Marinoni (2009), supplemented with shining black. Female: tergite 3 and 4 with observations by the present author. narrow shining fascia, occupying less than Palpada larvae are filter-feeding ‘rat-tailed mag- half of the length of the tergite...... 11 gots’, living in semi-aquatic environment rich in de- – Male: pregenital segments and genitalia caying organic matter (Van Doesburg 1962, Pérez- reddish. Female: tergite 3 and 4 with wide Bañón et al. 2003). shining fascia, occupying around two thirds of the length of the tergite. . . . . P. nigripes 11. Body length 9–12 mm. Frons on anterior half entirely pale pilose. Tergite 4 entirely Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
reddish or with vague blackish marking in – Hind femur around twice as wide as hind the middle...... P. rufiventris tibia (Fig. 166). Alula bare, except for some – Body length 7–9 mm. Frons on anterior scattered microtrichia...... P. florea half partly or entirely black pilose. Tergite 4 22. Wing cell r4+5 either with small patch of with wide, uninterrupted black fascia. . . microtrichia in apical part (female) or en- ...... P. minutalis tirely bare (male). Female: tergite 2 entirely 12. Alula bare, except for narrow microtrichose dull (usually with large orange maculae) strip basally and some scattered microtrich- ...... P. fasciata ia along margins...... 13 – Wing cell r4+5 eniterly microtrichose – Alula clearly microtrichose on at least poste- (female) or with small bare strip along veins rior third...... 15 (male). Female: tergite 2 with large shin- 13. Scutellum yellow with anterior margin ing lateral maculae (which are usually dark black (Figs 84, 85, 89) ...... 14 in ground colour, but sometimes orange) – Scutellum entirely reddish yellow ...... P. inversa (Fig. 111)...... 23. Mesonotum more or less unicolorous, . . . P. spectabilis (also keyed out in couplet 7) without pattern of grey pollinose vittae 14. Legs reddish, only tarsi somewhat darker (Figs 112–114)...... 24 ...... P. precipua – Mesonotum with pattern of grey pollinose – At least femora (almost) entirely black. . . vittae (Figs 104, 105) ...... P. interrupta ...... P. scutellaris 24. Wings largely microtrichose. Katepister- 15. Apex of hind tibia with short ventral pro- num black pilose. Front and mid femora jection, about as long as anterior projection black with yellow apex . . . . . P. geniculata (Fig. 159)...... 16 – Wings largely bare. Katepisternum yellow – Apex of hind tibia with elongated ventral pilose. Front and mid femore entirely red- projection, clearly longer than anterior pro- dish yellow ...... Palpada SUR-27 jection (Fig. 160) ...... 17 16. Eye with ommatidia only slightly enlarged Palpada agrorum (Fabricius) on dorsal half (Fig. 161). Eye contiguity Figs 91, 92, 157 shorter than length of frons (Fig. 163). Cos- tal wing cell largely microtrichose, only bare Syrphus agrorum Fabricius, 1787: 335. Lectotype ♂: on basal 1/5 ...... P. erratica West Indies (ZMUC). [not examined] – Eye with ommatidia conspicuously en- Eristalis agrorum (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: larged on dorsal half (Fig. 162). Eye conti- 20, 1966: 99). guity longer than length of frons (Fig. 164). Notes. This species can be identified using Curran Costal wing cell largely bare, only microtri- (1934) or Thompson (1981). In Surinam the adults chose on apical 1/4...... P. panorama occur in sunny conditions along shrubs and forest 17. Tergite 4 in dorsal view as long as or longer paths. Males have been observed displaying territo- than wide (Figs 80, 81). Posterior margin rial behaviour from leaves hanging over sunny forest of terite 2 black. Scutellum entirely black paths at 2 to 3 meters high. The males flew off from pilose ...... P. conica the leaves in pursuit of passing insects, to return to – Tergite 4 in dorsal view wider than long their patch again after a while. (Figs 82, 83). Posterior margin of tergite Previous records. Coroni, Estate Morgenstond, 2 widely yellow. Scutellum dorsally yellow Nassau Mountains, Paramaribo, Tibiti Savannah, pilose (densely black pilose along margins) Zanderij...... P. doris New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, 18. Anepimeron entirely pale pilose . . . . . 19 3 ♂; E of Boskamp, 7.i.2006, 1 ♀; Paramaribo Cul- – Anepimeron at least partly black pilose. . . 21 tuurtuin, 9 & 21.i.2006, 2 ♂; 5 km SE Meerzorg, 19. Mesonotum with posterolateral corners 13.i.2006, 3 ♂; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 5 ♂ 1 ♀; Mo- black...... 20 pentibo, 8.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, – Mesonotum with posterolateral corners 13.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 28.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Peper- grey pollinose...... P. albifrons male pot, 20.iv.2006, 1 ♀. 20. Scutellum yellow pilose, at most with a few scattered black hairs ...... P. pusio Palpada albifrons (Wiedemann) – Scutellum largely black pilose. .P. surinamensis Figs 94, 95 21. Hind femur at least three times as wide as hind tibia (Fig. 165). Alula microtrichose Eristalis albifrons Wiedemann, 1830: 189. Lecto on basal 1/4 to 1/3...... 22 type ♂: Brazil (NMW). [not examined] Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Eristalis albifrons Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: Eristalis erratica Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: 21, 20, 1966: 99). 1966: 100). Notes. This species can be identified using Curran Notes. Specimens from Surinam were directly com- (1934) or Thompson (1981). In many specimens pared with the holotype (male) and allotype (female) (especially males), the prescutellar fascia is reduced in the AMNH collection. They run to P. erratica in to grey patches anterior to the posterior calli, which the keys of Curran (1934) and Morales & Marinoni may cause the impression that there is no such a fas- (2009). Lagrange (1989) considered P. erratica to cia at all. be a junior synonym of P. scutellaris, but this is not In Surinam the adults can be found in open, sun- right, as pointed out by Morales & Marinoni (2009). ny conditions in the vicinity of shrubs. The male, Previous records. Nassau Mountains (1 ♀), Wil- when facing a female, shows a typical hovering be- helmina Mountains (1 ♀). The male and female haviour, with its hind legs stretched backwards. recorded by Van Doesburg (1966) from Kayser Air- Previous records. Estate Morgenstond, Nickerie, strip (without date, leg. Pijpers, col. RMNH) were Paramaribo. found to belong to P. fasciata. New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 7.iii & New records. Brownsberg, 25.xii.1971, leg. G.F. 13.iii.2006, 2 ♂; Peperpot, 21.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Pe Mees, 2 ♂ (RMNH); Perica: iv.1997 (1 ♀), 2–16. perpot, 28.iii.2006, 2 ♂ 3 ♀; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, iv.1997 (1 ♀), 15–29.x.1997 (1 ♀), 29.x–12.xi.1997 1 ♂; Colakreek, 28.iv.2006, 1 ♂. (1 ♀), 26.xi–10.xii.1997 (1 ♀), 10–24.xii.1997 (3 ♀), 24.xii.1997–7.i.1998 (1 ♀); Brownsberg, Palpada conica (Fabricius) 31.viii–14.ix.2001, leg. A. Gangadin, 1 ♀. Figs 80, 81, 160 Palpada fasciata (Wiedemann) Milesia conica Fabricius, 1805: 190. Syntypes ♂ ♀: Figs 102, 103, 165 South America (ZMUC). [not examined] Eristalis conica (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: 20, Eristalis fasciata Wiedemann, 1819: 51. Type: Brazil 1966: 99). (NMW). [not examined] Eristalis fasciata Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: Notes. Identification based on Morales & Marinoni 21, 1966: 100). (2009). Previous records. Charlesburg, road from Parama Notes. See Palpada inversa and the key to Palpada ribo to Coronie, Zanderij. species for notes on identification. New records. Hendriktop, 2.vii.1959, leg. A. v. Previous records. Coeroeni Isl., Creutzberg, Estate Aerde, 1 ♂ (RMNH); Peperpot, 9.ii.2006 (1 ♂), Morgenstond, Leonsberg, Manlobbi, Paramaribo. 7.iii.2006 (2 ♂); Awarradam, 13.iv.2006, 1 ♂; Nassau New records. Republiek, 10.i.2006, 2 ♀; Peperpot, Mts., 23.iv.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 27.iv.2006 (1 ♀). 2.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Meerzorg, 8.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Peper- pot, 24.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 4.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Palpada doris (Curran) Brownsberg, 5.iii.2006, 2 ♂; Gakaba, 18.iii.2006, 2 Figs 82, 83 ♂; Nason, 19.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 28.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Nassau Mountains, 24.iv.2006, 1 ♂. Eristalis doris Curran, 1930: 20. Holotype ♂: Brazil (AMNH). [examined] Palpada florea (Hull) Eristalis doris Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: 100). Figs 100, 101, 166 Notes. The specimens (male and female) from Suri- Eristalis florea Hull, 1925: 39. Holotype ♂: Guyana nam key to P. doris in the keys of Curran (1934) and (OSUC). [not examined] Morales & Marinoni (2009). Van Doesburg (1966) Eristalis florea Hull: Van Doesburg (1962: 21, 1966: pointed out that there is an error in couplet 25 of 100). Curran (1934), in which the terms ‘doris’ and ‘26’ Notes. This species occurs in open, shrubby habitats. should be interchanged (in P. doris the disc of the Previous records. Coronie, Leonsberg, Paramaribo, scutellum is yellow pilose). The specimens were also Zanderij. compared with the type specimens in the AMNH New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 23.i.2006, collection. 1 ♂; Peperpot, 25.i.2006; Paramaribo Anton de Previous records. Sipaliwini Kom Universiteit, 31.i.2006, 1 ♂ 2 ♀; Peperpot, 9.ii & 7.iii.2006, 2 ♂; Mopentibo, 8.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Pe- Palpada erratica (Curran) perpot, 14–21.iii, 28.iii–6.iv.2006, 3 ♀. Figs 87, 88, 159, 161, 163 Eristalis erratica Curran, 1930: 19. Holotype ♂: Palpada geniculata (Fabricius) Panama (AMNH). [examined] Figs 112, 113 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Eristalis geniculata Fabricius, 1805: 237. Type ♂: (Wiedemann, 1819). Unlike in males, the omma- South America (ZMUC). [not examined] tidia of the upper half of the eye are not enlarged Eristalis obsoleta Wiedemann, 1830: 175. Syntypes in females. ♂ ♀: Brazil (NMW). [not examined] Previous records. Charlesburg, Estate Morgen- Eristalis obsoleta Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: stond, Paramaribo. Van Doesburg’s record of Erista- 22, 1966: 101). lis pygmaea Macquart from Surinam was based on the original description from Surinam, so it refers to Previous records. Bolwerk, Charlesburg, Coeroeni P. interrupta, its senior synonym. Isl., Creutzberg, Moengotapoe-Wia Wia, Paramari- New records. Perica, 16–30.iv.1997, leg. B. De bo, Wonotobo falls. Dijn, 1 ♀; Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universi New records. Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universi- teit, 11.i.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 2.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Pe- teit, 31.i.2006, 1 ♂; Peperpot, 14.iii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 perpot, 17–24.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, 5 ♀; Peperpot, 21.iii.2006, 2 ♂; Peperpot, 28.iii.2006, ♀; Peperpot, 24.ii–7.iii.2006, 2 ♀; Peperpot, 14–21. 1 ♂; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 2 ♂. iii.2006, 1♀; Peperpot, 29.iii–6.iv.2006, 2 ♀; Pe- perpot, 6–14.iv.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Peperpot, 14–20. Palpada inversa (Wiedemann) iv.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 20–27.iv.2006, 1 ♂. Figs 106, 107 Eristalis inversa Wiedemann, 1830: 161. Holotype Palpada langi (Curran) ♂: Surinam (SMF). [not examined] Fig. 90 Eristalis inversa Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1962: Eristalis langi Curran, 1934: 411. Holotype ♂: 21, 1966: 100). Guyana (AMNH). [examined] Notes. This species was originally described from Eristalis langi Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: 21, Surinam. Van Doesburg (1966) recorded two fe- 1966: 101). males from Surinam, based on a comparison with Eristalis argyropila Hull, 1938: 121. Holotype ♀: the original description of Wiedemann (1830). French Guyana (CM). [not examined] Synonymy Examination of these specimens (RMNH) and the according to Thompson (2013). recently collected specimens (including one male) Eristalis argyropila Hull: Van Doesburg (1962: 20, revealed that they are very similar to P. fasciata 1966: 99). (Wiedemann), but with the differences as noted in Notes. The type of Eristalis langi has been examined the key in the present paper. and was found to belong to the same species as the Previous records. Mapane area, Republiek. specimens from Surinam, including the specimens New records. Raleigh Falls, 17–26.ix.1996 (Malaise previously identified by Van Doesburg asEristalis trap), leg. L.W. Quate, 1 ♀; Zanderij road to Kraka, argyropilus Hull. 16.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Mopentibo, 19.iv.2006, 1 ♂; Pe- Previous records. Lelydorp, Nassau Mountains, perpot, 20.iv.2006, 1 ♀. Raleigh Falls, Republiek, Sipaliwini, Voltz Moun- tain, Wilhelmina Mountains. Palpada interrupta (Fabricius) New records. Perica, 14–28.v.1997, leg. B. De Dijn, Figs 104, 105 1 ♀ (RMNH). Eristalis interrupta Fabricius, 1805: 239. Type ♂: South America (ZMUC). [not examined] Palpada minutalis (Williston) Eristalis pygmaea Macquart, 1842: 114. Type ♂: Figs 96, 97 Surinam (MNHN). [not examined] Preocc. Zetter- Eristalis minutalis Williston, 1891: 64. Syntypes ♂ stedt, 1838. ♀: Mexico (BMNH). [not examined] Eristalis pygmaea Macquart: Van Doesburg (1962: 24, 1966: 102). Notes. This small species is similar to P. agrorum and Eristalis penaltis Curran, 1934: 412. Holotype ♂: P. rufiventris in the presence of three grey fasciae on Guyana (AMNH). [not examined] See Thompson the mesonotum and in its abdominal colouration, (1981) for synonymy. but differs by the characters used in the key above. Eristalis penaltis Curran: Van Doesburg (1962: 22, The genitalia of this species are figured by Morales & 1966: 101). Marinoni (2009). Eristalis guyanensis Van der Goot, 1964: 213. Un- Only recently collected specimens from Surinam justified new name forEristalis pygmaea Macquart. are known of this species. New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 29.xii. Notes. The key of Curran (1934) does not work 2005, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, for females, because they have black legs, while 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 9.i.2006, 5 ♂ 2 males have red legs. Females will run to P. furcata ♀; Paramaribo Zoo, 14.i.2005, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Zoo, 19–24.i.2006, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, “homotype” by Curran in the AMNH collection. 23.i.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 1 ♂; Para- Curran compared this specimen with the type. Label maribo Cultuurtuin, 20.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, data: “Flores, Manaos, Amazonas, 4-VIII-24”, “Eri- 24.ii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Peperpot, 14.iii.2006, 1 ♀; stalis pusio Wd. Homotype, compared by Curran”, Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀. “C.H. Curran collection, acc. 31144”, “Eristalis pu- sio Wd. Det. C.H. Curran”. This ‘homotype’ belongs Palpada nigripes (Wiedemann) to the same species as the specimens from Surinam. Fig. 93 The female from Sipaliwini has been identified as P. pusio by Van Doesburg Sr., but he has not re- Eristalis nigripes Wiedemann, 1830: 165. Type ♀: corded this species in his papers, perhaps because he Brazil (NMW). [not examined] was uncertain about the identification. He identified Eristalis nigripes Wiedemann: Van Doesburg (1966: the male specimen from Sipaliwini as P. pusilla Mac- 101). quart, 1842, which he did not record from Surinam Notes. A male specimen in the USNM collection either. Both the male ande the female belong to P. identified as Eristalis nigripes by S.W. Williston (“Co- pusio. rumbá”, “May”) has been compared with the female New records. Sipaliwini, 7.vi.1963, leg. P.H. van from Surinam and seems to belong to the same spe- Doesburg, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (RMNH); Sipaliwini, 8.vi.1963, cies. Whether this species is Eristalis nigripes Wiede- 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (same leg. & col.); Sipaliwini, 9.vi.1963, mann will have to be revealed by examination of the 1 ♀ (same leg. & col.); Sipaliwini, 10.vi.1963, 1 ♀ type specimen. However, since the specimens also (same leg. & col.); SE of Zanderij, leg. M. Reeemer, agree with the description of Wiedemann (1830), it 16.iii.2006, 1 ♂ (RMNH). seems to be a justified identification. Previous records. Paramaribo. Palpada rufiventris (Macquart) Figs 98, 99, 158 Palpada panorama Reemer & Morales, 2016 Eristalis rufiventris Macquart, 1846: 257. Type: Figs 86, 162, 164 Colombia (OUMNH). [not examined] Notes. This species was described by Reemer & Eristalis rufiventris Macquart: Van Doesburg (1966: Morales (2016), based on specimens from Peru and 102). Surinam. The Surinamese specimen from Plantage Notes. Found in more or less open, sunny conditions. Berlijn was identified asP. erratica by Van Doesburg Previous records. Kwatta, Paramaribo, Republiek. Sr., but he did not record this specimen in his papers. New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005 New records. Plantage Berlijn, 28.viii.1961, leg. & 9.i.2006, 2 ♂; Meerzorg, 13.i.2006, 1 ♀; P.H. van Doesburg Jr., 1 ♂ (paratype) (RMNH). Paramaribo Anton de Kom Universiteit, 31.i.2006, 1 ♀; Paramaribo Leiding, 6–17.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Para- Palpada precipua (Williston) maribo Cultuurtuin, 20.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Meerzorg- Fig. 89 Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, Eristalis precipua Williston, 1888: 282. Syntypes ♂ 1 ♂; Peperpot, 7.iii.2006, 2 ♀; Babunsanti, ♀: Brazil (AMNH). [examined] 11.iii.2006, 1 ♀. Eristalis precipua Williston: Van Doesburg (1966: 101). Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius) Figs 84, 85 Notes. The specimens key to P. precipua in Curran (1934) and Morales & Marinoni (2009). Compari- Milesia scutellaris Fabricius, 1805: 190. Type ♀: son with the type confirmed this identification. South America (ZMUC). [not examined] Previous records. Domburg, Sipaliwini. Eristalis scutellaris (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: New records. Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 6.i.2006, 1 ♀. 24, 1966: 102). Notes. Identification based on Curran (1934) and Palpada pusio (Wiedemann) Morales & Marinoni (2009). Figs 109, 110 Previous records. Charlesburg, Kabelstation, Nas- Eristalis pusio Wiedemann, 1830: 192. Type ♀: sau Mountains, Paramaribo. Brazil (NMW). [not examined]. Redescribed by New records. Lelydorp, 2.vi.1964, leg. D.C. Curran (1930), based on specimens identified by Geijskes, 1 ♂ (RMNH); Paramaribo Cultuur- Wiedemann in AMNH. tuin, 29.xii.2005, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, 1 ♀; Republiek, 10.i.2006, 1♂ 1 ♀; Notes. Specimens from Surinam have been compared Colakreek, 15.i.2006, 1 ♀; Paramariboo Zoo, to a female of Eristalis pusio Wiedemann labeled as 7–18.ii.2006, 1♂ 1 ♀; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
23.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Peperpot, 7.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Peperpot, to pick the male from Brazil as lectotype, as the spe- 14.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Zanderij, 16.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Peper- cific epithet issurinamensis . This Brazilian specimen pot, 28.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, 3.iv.2006, 1 ♀; clearly belongs to another species, based on the fact Peperpot, 6–14.iv.2006, 1 ♂; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, that a large part of the anterior half of the mesono- 2 ♂; Nassau Mountains, 24.iv.2006, 1 ♂. tum is free of pollinosity. Therefore, the Surinamese male is here considered as a ‘preliminary lectotype’, Palpada spectabilis (Hull) pending a valid designation within the framework Fig. 111 of a more extensive revision of the species group to which P. surinamensis belongs. Photographs of the Eristalis spectabilis Hull, 1925: 289. Holotype : ♀ lectotype are given in Figs 108, 167, 168. Venezuela (MCZ). [examined] Thompson (2013) considered E. surinamensis as a Eristalis spectabilis Hull: Van Doesburg (1962: 24, synonym of Eristalis pusillus Macquart, 1842, albeit 1966: 102). without providing arguments for this synonymiza- Notes. The male from Peperpot runs to P. spectabilis tion. In the keys to Palpada species of Curran (1934) in the key of Curran (1934). The female agrees well and Lagrange (1990b), P. pusilla is keyed out based with the type of E. spectabilis Hull, as found on the on the entirely grey pollinose anterior half of the website of the MCZ type database, and fairly well mesonotum. In P. surinamensis, however, a narrow with the description of Hull (1925). median part of the anterior half is free of pollinosity Previous records. Paramaribo, Zanderij. (Fig. 168). Instead, it keys to P. urotaenia in Curran New records. Peperpot, 7.iii.2006, 1 ♂. (1934). In Lagrange (1990b) it keys to P. pusio, but P. urotaenia is not included in that key. Possibly, Palpada solennis (Walker) P. surinamensis is synonymous with P. urotaenia. Figs 115, 116 However, the variability of the characters in the closely similar taxa P. pusilla, P. pusio, P. taenia and P. urotae- Eristalis solennis Walker, 1852: 245. Lectotype : ♂ nia is not well understood (pers. comm. Mirian Nunes type locality unknown (BMNH). [examined] Morales). So, more taxonomic study of this species Curran, 1930: 21. Holotype : Brazil Eristalis mus ♂ group is needed before a more definitive statement (AMNH). [examined] about the identity of P. surinamensis can be made. Eristalis mus Curran: Van Doesburg (1966: 101). Notes. The specimens from Surinam key to P. solen- Palpada vinetorum (Fabricius) nis in the key of Curran (1934) (as P. mus Curran). Figs 117, 118 The types of both of Eristalis solennis Walker and Syrphus vinetorum Fabricius, 1798: 562. Type: Eristalis mus Curran have been compared with the “America Insulis”. [lost] male from Republiek and were found to belong to Eristalis vinetorum (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: the same species. 26, 1966: 102). Previous records. Zanderij. Eristalis hortorum (Fabricius) of Van Doesburg New records. Republiek, 11.v.1963, leg. J. v.d. 1962: 21. Vecht, 1 ♂ (RMNH). Notes. Van Doesburg (1962) recorded this species Palpada surinamensis (Macquart) based on the description of Musca surinamensis De Figs 108, 167, 168 Geer, 1776 from Surinam, which he considered to be synonymous with Palpada hortorum (Fabricius). Eristalis surinamensis Macquart, 1842: 53. Lectotype However, M. surinamensis De Geer is now regard- : Surinam (MNHN). [examined] ♂ ed as a junior synonym of P. vinetorum (Fabricius) Notes. The description of this taxon was based on (Thompson et al. 1976), so Palpada hortorum can be specimens from Brazil and Surinam, collected by removed from the list of Surinam. Leschenault (Macquart 1842). The Macquart collec- Previous records. Paramaribo, Zanderij. tion in the MNHN holds three possible syntypes of New records. Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, 30.xii.2005, this species, which were labelled as (para)lectotypes 2 ♂ 2 ♀; Nickerie, 8.i.2006, 1 ♂; Paramaribo, by F.C. Thompson in 1978: a male and a female 9.i.2006, 1 ♂ 2 ♀; Peperpot, 25.i.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; from Surinam, and a male from Brazil. The male Republiek, 1.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, from Surinam carries a lectotype label, although 20.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, 22.ii.2006, 1 Thompson never published this designation. The ♂; Peperpot, 28.iii.2006, 1 ♂; Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, choice for this specimen as lectotype is justifiable, 1 ♂; Langatabbetje, 26.iv.2006, 1 ♂. as Macquart’s description was based on male speci- mens. The female should actually not be regarded Palpada SUR-27 as part of the type series. It would seem less obvious Fig. 114 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Notes. This female specimen from Surinam was pre- Quichuana aurata (Walker): Van Doesburg (1962: viously identified asP. geniculata by Van Doesburg, 19, 1966: 99). to which it is similar in the absence of pollinose fasci- Notes. Larvae of this species were repeatedly found ae on the mesonotum and abdominal colour pattern. together with those of Q. picadoi in the inflorescenses However, the wings are largely bare (largely microtri- of Heliconia bihai (Fig. 130, identification by Aniel chose in P. geniculata), the katepisternum is yellow Gangadin). Rearing was easily achieved by placing pilose (black pilose in P. geniculata) and the femora the larvae in small containers together with some of are entirely reddish brown (black with narrow yel- the debris accumulated in the inflorescenses. Pupa- lowish brown apex in P. geniculata). The identity of tion followed within a few weeks (Fig. 169) and then this species is left unresolved. adults emerged in about eight days. New records. Sipaliwini, 8.vi.1963, P.H. van Does- Adult males and females have been observed rest- burg Jr., 1 ♀ (RMNH). ing on sunlit leaves along shady forest paths, appar- ently without any Heliconia stands nearby. Unverified records ofPalpada from Previous records. Houttuin. Surinam New records. Meerzorg-Tamanredjo, larva in Heli- conia bihai 24.i.2006, adult 5–18.ii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Palpada fuscipennis (Macquart) Peperpot, larva in Heliconia bihai 27.i.2006, adult Eristalis fuscipennis Macquart, 1846: 256. Type ♀: 12–18.ii.2006, 3 ♂; Brownsberg, 4.ii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 Surinam (IRSNB). [not examined; lost] ♀; Raleigh Falls, larva in Heliconia bihai 15.ii.2006, Eristalis fuscipennis Macquart: Van Doesburg (1962: adult 26.ii.2006, 1 ♂; Brownsberg, larva in Helico- 21, 1966: 100). nia bihai 4.iii.2006, adult 25.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Browns- berg, 5.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Brownsberg, larva in Heliconia Notes. Described from Surinam by Macquart bihai 5.iii.2006, adult 18–23.iii.2006, 1 ♂ 4 ♀; Lan- (1846), but not recognized since. According to gatabbetje, larva in Heliconia bihai 19.iii.2006, adult Thompson et al. (1976) and Thompson (2013) the 10.iv.2006, 1 ♀; Grandam, larva in Heliconia bihai type should be in the IRSNB collection (Brussels), 12.iv.2006, adult 28.iv–5.v2006, 1 ♂ 2 ♀. but enquiry at this institution learned that it is not there (pers. comm. P. Grootaert). Neither could the Quichuana longicauda Ricarte & Hancock type be found among the Macquart types in the Fig. 70 MNHN collection (pers. comm. C. Daugeron & E. Delfosse). Therefore, it is here considered lost. Quichuana longicauda Ricarte & Hancock, 2012: Van Doesburg (1966) suggested that this taxon 98. Holotype ♂: Trinidad (USNM). [not examined] might be synonymous with P. obsoleta (Wiedemann) Notes. The single known Surinamese specimen of [= P. geniculata (Fabricius)]. However, the colour this species, otherwise known only from Trinidad, characters of legs and abdomen mentioned in the was identified by Antonio Ricarte (Alicante). It was original description (which is unfortunately only ac- reared from a larva found in a water-filled bromeliad companied by a figure of the wing), do not seem to (Fig. 170), together with some unidentified Copesty- fitP. geniculata very well. The identity of this species lum larvae. is here left unresolved. New records. Brownsberg, larva in bromeliad 5.iii.2006, pupa 14.iv.2006, adult 22.iv.2006, 1 ♂ Quichuana Knab, 1913 (identification by A. Ricarte). The species of this Neotropical genus were revised by Ricarte et al. (2012). Antonio Ricarte has also exam- Quichuana picadoi Knab ined some of the specimens listed below. Figs 71, 72 Quichuana larvae are saprophagous in water- Quichuana picadoi Knab, 1913: 14. Holotype ♀: bodies held by terrestrial plants (‘phytotelmata’), such Costa Rica (USNM). [not examined] as bromeliads and Heliconia (Ricarte et al. 2012). Quichuana picadoi Knab: Van Doesburg (1962: 19, 1966: 99). Quichuana angustiventris (Macquart) Quichuana knabi Shannon of Van Doesburg (1966: Figs 68, 69, 169 99). Merodon angustiventris Macquart, 1855: 110. Notes. Larvae of this species were repeatedly found Lectotype ♂: locality unknown (BMNH). [not together with those of Q. angustiventris in the inflo- examined] rescenses of Heliconia bihai (Fig. 130). For further Helophilus auratus Walker, 1857: 153. Lectotype ♂: notes see Q. angustiventris. Amazon (BMNH). [not examined]. Synonymy ac- Previous records. Houttuin, Ma Retraite, cording to Ricarte et al. (2012). Paramaribo. Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
New records. Meerzorg 5 km SE, 13.i.2006, 1 ♀; Sterphus Philippi, 1865 Paramaribo Cultuurtuin, larva in Heliconia bihai Sterphus is a Neotropical genus, in which certain au- 23.i.2006, adult 2–16.ii.2006, 3 ♂ 2 ♀; Meerzorg- thors also include Ceriogaster, which is here treated as Tamanredjo, larva in Heliconia bihai 24.i.2006, a separate genus. Without the species of Ceriogaster, adult 5–18.ii.2006, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Peperpot, larva in Sterphus includes 16 species (Thompson et al. 2010). Heliconia bihai 27.i.2006, adult 12–18.ii.2006, 2 ♂ The larvae are unknown. 2 ♀; Paramaribo Leiding, 28.i.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 24.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Peperpot, 14.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Mo- Sterphus plagiatus (Wiedemann) pentibo, larva in Heliconia bihai 27.iii.2006, adult Fig. 64 19.iv.2006, 1 ♀; Mopentibo, larva in Heliconia bihai Xylota plagiata Wiedemann, 1830: 98. Type ♀: 8.iv.2006, adult 17.iv.2006, 1 ; Mopentibo, larva ♀ Brazil (NMW). [not examined] in Heliconia bihai 19.iv.2006, adult 20.v.2006, 1 ; ♀ Crepidomyia plagiata (Wiedemann, 1830): Van Peperpot, 20.iv.2006, 1 . ♀ Doesburg (1962: 19, 1966: 1978). Senogaster Macquart, 1834 Notes. Van Doesburg’s identification of the speci- The genus Senogaster contains only one species, mens (four females) from Surinam was confirmed which is Neotropical. The larvae are unknown. by using the keys of Thompson (1973a) (including redescription and diagnosis), Hippa & Thompson Senogaster dentipes (Fabricius) (1994) and Zumbado & Thompson (1997). Figs 65, 66 Previous records. Nassau Mountains. Syrphus dentipes Fabricius, 1787: 338. Type: French Guiana (ZMUC). [not examined] Discussion Acrochordonodes dentipes (Fabricius): Van Doesburg (1962: 19, 1966: 97). The present paper records 81 species of Eristalinae from Surinam. An overview of differences with the Notes. Senogaster dentipes can be found in open, checklist of Van Doesburg (1966) is given in Table 6. grassy habitats. Their hovering behaviour is remi- Together with 60 species of Syrphinae and 42 spe- niscent of the old world genus Syritta Lepeletier & cies of Microdontinae (Reemer 2010, 2014), a total Serville. Adults have been observed feeding on number of 183 species of Syrphidae are now known the flowers ofBorreria euglobulaire (Rubiaceae) from the country. Compared with Van Doesburg (Fig. 171). The eyes of living specimens are pale green (1966), who listed 140 species, this amounts to a net with black dots, which seem to ‘move’ when viewed increase of 43 species. from different angles (like in certain Tabanidae). Of the Syrphidae known from Surinam, 15 Previous records: Paramaribo. species were described during the past 10 years New records: Perica, 7–21.i.1998, leg. B. De Dijn, (Reemer 2008, 2010, 2013, 2014, Ricarte et al. 2012, 1 ♀; Republiek, 10.i.2006, 5 ♂ 3 ♀; Peperpot, Reemer & Ståhls 2013, Reemer & Morales 2016, 24.ii.2006, 1 ♀; Colakreek, 9.iii.2006, 1 ♀; Babun- present paper). Another 24 of the recorded spe- santi, 11.iii.2006, 2 ♀. cies are left unnamed, because present taxonomic knowledge is insufficient to establish their identities. Sphiximorpha Rondani, 1850 Probably, most of these species are undescribed too. A cosmopolitan genus only absent from New Zea- Taking this probability into account, the propor- land, with 23 described species in the Neotropical tions of new species found among the material from region (Thompson et al. 2010). The larvae are sap- Surinam in recent years are as follows: 3–13% for roxylic and are found in sap runs. Syrphinae, 10–21% for Microdontinae, and 4–16% for Eristalinae. Sphiximorpha roederii (Williston) It is tempting to speculate about the number of Fig. 67 species occurring in Surinam. It seems safe to assume that this number is much higher than the 183 spe- Ceria roederii Williston, 1888: 289. Holotype ♂: cies presently known. This assumption is supported Brazil (AMNH). [examined] by the fact that of 50 of these species, only a single Notes. The specimen from Surinam has been com- specimen is known. This suggests that many species pared with the type and was found to belong to the are still unnoticed. same species. It runs to S. roederii in the key of Cur- Thompson (1999) stated that more than 1600 ran (1941). It also agrees well with the original de- species of Syrphidae were known from the Neo- scription of Williston (1888). tropical region, and that this was probably only half New records. Paramaribo, vii–viii.1969, leg. Sola- of the actual number of species. Since then, sev- nus, 1 ♀ (RMNH). eral taxonomic revisions were done and many new Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
Table 6. Overview of proposed changes in the checklist of Syrphidae (subfamily Eristalinae) of Surinam, compared with the list of Van Doesburg (1966). For details see species accounts.
Species added to the checklist (26) Alipumilio cf. avispas Vockeroth, 1964 Ceriogaster spinosus (Shannon, 1925) Ceriogaster SUR-03 Copestylum circumdatum (Walker, 1857) species group Copestylum sp. nr. fractum (Curran, 1926) Copestylum SUR-01 Copestylum SUR-02 Copestylum SUR-03 Copestylum SUR-04 Copestylum SUR-05 Copestylum SUR-06 Lepidomyia adriaanpeteri sp. n. Lepidomyia brethesi (Shannon, 1928) Lepidomyia cf. dionysiana (d’Andretta & Carrera) Meromacrus basiger (Walker, 1860) Meromacrus doesburgi sp. n. Meromacrus laconicus (Walker, 1852) Myolepta cf. scintillans (Hull, 1946) Myolepta SUR-02 Ornidia major Curran, 1930 Palpada minutalis (Williston, 1891) Palpada panorama Reemer & Morales, 2016 Palpada pusio (Wiedemann, 1830) Palpada SUR-27 Quichuana longicauda Ricarte & Hancock, 2012 Sphiximorpha roederii (Williston, 1888)
Species removed from the checklist (4) Ceriogaster scutellata Curran, 1934 misid. of Ceriogaster SUR-03 Meromacrus pratorum (Fabricius, 1775) misid. of Meromacrus laconicus (Walker, 1852) Ornidia obesoides (Giglio-Tos, 1892) misid. of Ornidia aemula (Williston, 1888) Quichuana knabi Shannon, 1927 misid. of Quichuana picadoi Knab, 1913
Name changes (synonyms and different combinations) Van Doesburg (1962, 1966) Present publication Acrochordonodes Bigot, 1878 Senogaster Macquart, 1834 Eristalis Latreille, 1804 Palpada Macquart, 1834 Eristalis argyropila Hull, 1938 Palpada langi (Curran, 1934) Eristalis mus Curran, 1930 Palpada solennis (Walker, 1852) Eristalis penaltis Curran, 1934 Palpada interrupta (Fabricius, 1805) Eristalis pygmaea Macquart, 1842 Palpada interrupta (Fabricius, 1805) Lepidostola Mik, 1886 Lepidomyia Williston, 1887 Quichuana aurata (Walker, 1857) Quichuana angustiventris (Macquart, 1855) Volucella Geoffroy, 1762 Copestylum Macquart, 1846
species were described, but probably the number of Neotropical species are still undescribed, the actual described species from this region is still well under number of Surinamese species of Syrphidae may 2000. This means that approximately 10% of the even be four times as high as the currently known described species of Neotropical Syrphidae are now number: more than 700. Finding and identifying all known from Surinam. these species will require a tremendous effort. Hope- Gernaat et al. (2012) estimated that 17% of the fully, the recent papers on the Surinamese hoverflies Neotropical species of butterflies might occur in Su- will generate some of the required interest for mak- rinam. For birds, 746 of approximately 3300 Neo- ing this effort. tropical species are known from the country (Spaans et al. 2015), a proportion of 23%. If a similar fig- ure of around 20% would apply to the Syrphidae, Acknowledgements then the total species number may be expected to In addition to the people acknowledged in my previ- be around double the number of 183 now known. ous two papers on the Surinamese Syrphidae (Reem- However, considering the possibility that half of the er 2010, 2014), I would like to thank the following Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 01:31:13PM via free access
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