DOCSLIB.ORG

Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless… ANTON MÄGERLE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless… ANTON MÄGERLE Appendix 3: Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless… ANTON MÄGERLE Prologue In German history, censorship unfortunately has been more of a rule than an exception. It was in- troduced by the Catholic Church in the form of the Inquisition. However, it was left to the well- known Austrian statesman Metternich to perfect the system of suppressing freedom of speech by means of a comprehensive spy and surveillance apparatus. Neither the German Empire nor the Weimar Republic were particularly soft in their dealings with unwelcome literature,1 but the worst reputation was doubtless acquired by the Third Reich, which managed, within the twelve years of its existence, to black-list some 10,000 books. While these books were not burned, they did disap- pear from the shelves of bookstores, to be banished to library archives.2 But what is not nearly as well known is the fact that it was the Allied ‘liberators’ of Germany who staged the greatest campaign of book destruction that mankind had ever seen. Among the victims of Allied displeasure were 34,645 titles as well as, comprehensively, all school textbooks published between 1933 and 1945; not only were these no longer permitted to be printed and sold after the war – they also had to vanish from the archives of many libraries.3 In the years from 1946 to 1952, the Soviet Occupation Power published four such lists (“Liste der auszusondernden Literatur”, or list of proscribed literature) of titles earmarked for destruction. In accordance with the instructions in the censors’ introduction to the second and third volumes, the first three of these lists also went into force in the western Occupation Zones. The German Constitution In its Article 5, Section 1, Clause 3, the current German Constitution (Grundgesetz, or GG) pro- hibits censorship. Section 2 of that same Article, however, limits this freedom from censorship as per the regulations imposed by “general laws”, among other things. A fundamental human right can 1 For more see Claus Nordbruch, Sind Gedanken noch frei? Zensur in Deutschland, Universitas, Munich 1998. 2 The opinions about this differ slightly: acc. to Dietrich Strothmann, Nationalsozialistische Literaturpolitik, 3rd ed., Bouvier, Bonn 1985, some 12,500 books, acc. to Dietrich Aigner, Die Indizierung “schädlichen und unerwünschten Schrifttums” im Dritten Reich, vol. XI of the Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesen, Buchhändlervereinigung, Frankfurt/Main 1971, the number was less than 10,000. 3 For some more details see, e.g., Martin Lüders, Nation und Europa, vol. 47(9) (1997), pp. 7-11. The list of all books banned by the Allies (Liste der auszusondernden Literatur) was recently reprinted by Uwe Berg-Verlag, Top- penstedt (Germany) 1983/84 (Deutschen Verwaltung für Volksbildung in der sowjetischen Be- satzungszone/Ministerium für Volksbildung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (ed.) Liste der auszuson- dernden Literatur. Index der in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone verbotenen Bücher nach dem Stand vom 1. April 1946; Erster Nachtrag zum Index der in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone verbotenen Bücher nach dem Stand vom 1. Januar 1947; Zweiter Nachtrag zum “Index” der in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone verbotenen Bücher nach dem Stand vom 1. September 1948; Dritter und letzter Nachtrag zum “Index” der in der sowjetischen Be- satzungszone verbotenen Bücher nach dem Stand vom 1. April 1952, 4 vols., Zentralverlag, Berlin (East) 1946-1948, 1953). It can be found completely at vho.org/censor/tA.html. 567 GERMAR RUDOLF (ED.) · DISSECTING THE HOLOCAUST thus be suspended, at least theoretically, by everyday laws such as those of criminal law.4 In this re- spect, the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) has determined that “general laws” are such that do not prohibit a specific opinion, or freedom of speech per se. Fur- thermore, general laws may impose limits on a fundamental right only if doing so serves to safe- guard another fundamental right. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, the benefits of both conflicting fundamental rights must be weighed against each other.5 Further restrictions imposed on freedom of speech by Article 5 Section 2 GG serve the protection of young people and of personal honor. According to rulings of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the core significance of the human right to freedom of speech is that censorship of publica- tions is permitted only if these publications are at least a constant or typical source of endangerment to the young people who might read, hear or watch them. Regarding injury to honor, the Federal Constitutional Court has ruled that such injury generally has not occurred if no insulting expressions have been used. Criminal Law The German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB) has at its disposal tools facilitating censor- ship, particularly in §§ 185, 189 and 130f. While §§ 185 and 189 (slander, disparagement of the memory of persons deceased) may be subsumed under the category of “injuries to honor”, §§ 130f. (incitement of the people, incitement to hatred) are a mixed grouping of injuries to honor, injury to human dignity (Article 1 GG), and endangerment of the public peace, a conceptual chimera which we shall not investigate in greater detail here. The autumn 1994 revision of § 130 StGB (the so-called Lex Deckert) decreed, among other things, that it is a criminal offense “publicly or in an assembly, and in a manner likely to lead to a breach of the peace, [to] endorse, deny or trivialize any act committed under National Socialist rule [which was] of the type specified in § 220a Section 1 [i.e., genocide, A.M…]” This is precisely the scenario which the Federal Constitutional Court has actually ruled out: this law criminalizes a specific opinion about one detail of the history of only one single, past regime. From this perspective alone, this “hastily passed and unthought-out”6 “special law against freedom of speech”7 would seem to be unconstitutional, and it has been criticized commensurately in Ger- man legal subject literature, where it is described as being, in effect, “an attack on the intellectual freedom of dissidents”8 and “virtually the classic example of a norm […] directed against a specific opinion.”7 “The legitimacy of this regulation is dubious at the very least. One can already question whether a lie is a criminal wrong at all; one must question whether the mere denial of a historical fact, in the absence 4 Two recent studies of censorship in Germany, highly to be recommended: Jürgen Schwab, Die Meinungsdiktatur. Wie “demokratische” Zensoren die Freiheit beschneiden, Coburg: Nation Europa Verlag, 1997, 338 pp.; Claus Nordbruch, op. cit. (note 1). 5 The Federal Constitutional Court’s decisions were quoted from: Karl-Heinz Seifert, Dieter Hömig (eds.), Grundge- setz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2nd ed., Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden 1985. 6 Eduard Dreher, Herbert Tröndle (eds.), Strafgesetzbuch, 47th ed., Beck, Munich 1995, Strafgesetzbuch, 47th ed., MN 18 regarding §130. 7 Stefan Huster, “Das Verbot der ‘Auschwitz-Lüge’, die Meinungsfreiheit und das Bundesverfassungsgericht”, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, 1995, pp. 487ff., here p. 489. 8 Daniel Beisel, “Die Strafbarkeit der Auschwitz-Lüge”, Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, 1995, pp. 997-1000, here p. 1000. 568 ANTON MÄGERLE · CENSORSHIP IN GERMANY? NEVER! UNLESS… of any characteristics of agitation, may be described and dealt with as incitement of the people, of all things.”9 The concept of “denying” something which the state deems true is a new element in German criminal law and poses problems which it seems quite impossible for criminal procedure to solve. In order for denial to objectively constitute a criminal offense, it must be done deliberately; that is, the denier must know that he is not telling the truth and the judge must prove this knowledge, which in and of itself is already virtually impossible. But in order to be able to also punish (especially) the so-called ‘criminals of conviction’ who are convinced that they are telling the truth, the German ju- diciary has concocted an entirely new definition of intent: “In this case, intent can only be the knowledge that one’s conviction puts one into conflict with that which ‘general opinion’ indisputably regards as a historical fact. Admittedly, in a state under the rule of law this places a system of criminal law based on guilt squarely at the crossroads [to criminal law based on arbitrariness]. Just as Auschwitz will ever remain a nightmare for the Germans, the ‘Auschwitz Lie’ will clearly remain the same for German criminal law.”10 However, the revised § 130 StGB includes regulations which even go considerably further. It criminalizes not only dissident views of certain aspects of National Socialist persecution of minori- ties, but in a sense anything and everything which could be considered incitement to hatred against population subgroups of potentially any definition. In this regard the foremost German criminal law commentary observes that this amendment means that practically any kind of criticism of popula- tion subgroups – however they are defined – can become a criminal offense, since the legal right that is supposed to be protected (the anti-discrimination rule) is rendered too general and vague in this Section.11 Furthermore, it also permits precautionary censorship, as it were, by providing for the confiscation of publications or other data carriers which are allegedly intended for distribution. The judiciary holds that the intent to distribute prohibited publications exists if a person has in his or her posses- sion, more than one single copy of a data carrier. That this new German law is difficult to reconcile with international human rights standards is a fact openly acknowledged by Germany’s leading politicians, but it is excused by virtue of the coun- try’s particular history.12 Indexing The first step in the process of German censorship is the black-listing or “indexing” of, for exam- ple, a book or pamphlet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: the Evolution of a Doctrine
    www.doew.at Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: The Evolution of a Doctrine Published in: Hermann Kurthen/Rainer Erb/Werner Bergmann (ed.), Anti-Sem- itism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification, New York–Oxford 1997 Development of “revisionism” since 1945 Most people understand so called „revisionism“ as just another word for the movement of holocaust denial (Benz 1994; Lipstadt 1993; Shapiro 1990). Therefore it was suggested lately to use the word „negationism“ instead. How- ever in the author‘s point of view „revisionism“ covers some more topics than just the denying of the National Socialist mass murders. Especially in Germany and Austria there are some more points of National Socialist politics some people have tried to minimize or apologize since 1945, e. g. the responsibility for World War II, the attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 (quite a modern topic), (the discussion) about the number of the victims of the holocaust a. s. o.. In the seventies the late historian Martin Broszat already called that movement „run- ning amok against reality“ (Broszat 1976). These pseudo-historical writers, many of them just right wing extremist publishers or people who quite rapidly turned to right wing extremists, really try to prove that history has not taken place, just as if they were able to make events undone by denying them. A conception of “negationism” (Auerbach 1993a; Fromm and Kernbach 1994, p. 9; Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz 1994) or “holocaust denial” (Lipstadt 1993, p. 20) would neglect the additional components of “revision- ism”, which are logically connected with the denying of the holocaust, this being the extreme variant.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe
    Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe Michael Shafir Motto: They used to pour millet on graves or poppy seeds To feed the dead who would come disguised as birds. I put this book here for you, who once lived So that you should visit us no more Czeslaw Milosz Introduction* Holocaust denial in post-Communist East Central Europe is a fact. And, like most facts, its shades are many. Sometimes, denial comes in explicit forms – visible and universally-aggressive. At other times, however, it is implicit rather than explicit, particularistic rather than universal, defensive rather than aggressive. And between these two poles, the spectrum is large enough to allow for a large variety of forms, some of which may escape the eye of all but the most versatile connoisseurs of country-specific history, culture, or immediate political environment. In other words, Holocaust denial in the region ranges from sheer emulation of negationism elsewhere in the world to regional-specific forms of collective defense of national "historic memory" and to merely banal, indeed sometime cynical, attempts at the utilitarian exploitation of an immediate political context.1 The paradox of Holocaust negation in East Central Europe is that, alas, this is neither "good" nor "bad" for the Jews.2 But it is an important part of the * I would like to acknowledge the support of the J. and O. Winter Fund of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York for research conducted in connection with this project. I am indebted to friends and colleagues who read manuscripts of earlier versions and provided comments and corrections.
    [Show full text]
  • Germar Rudolf's Bungled
    Bungled: “DENYING THE HOLOCAUST” Bungled: “Denying the Holocaust” How Deborah Lipstadt Botched Her Attempt to Demonstrate the Growing Assault on Truth and Memory Germar Rudolf !"# !$ %&' Germar Rudolf : Bungled: “Denying the Holocaust”: How Deborah Lipstadt Botched Her Attempt to Demonstrate the Growing Assault on Truth and Memory Uckfield, East Sussex: CASTLE HILL PUBLISHERS PO Box 243, Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK 2nd edition, April 2017 ISBN10: 1-59148-177-5 (print edition) ISBN13: 978-1-59148-177-5 (print edition) Published by CASTLE HILL PUBLISHERS Manufactured worldwide © 2017 by Germar Rudolf Set in Garamond GERMAR RUDOLF· BUNGLED: “DENYING THE HOLOCAUST” 5 Table of Contents 1.Introduction ................................................................................... 7 2.Science and Pseudo-Science ...................................................... 15 2.1.What Is Science? ........................................................................... 15 2.2.What Is Pseudo-Science? ............................................................. 26 3.Motivations and ad Hominem Attacks ....................................... 27 3.1.Revisionist Motives According to Lipstadt ............................... 27 3.2.Revisionist Methods According to Lipstadt .............................. 40 3.3.Deborah Lipstadt’s Motives and Agenda .................................. 50 4.Revisionist Personalities ............................................................. 67 4.1.Maurice Bardèche ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rechtsextremismus Und Antifaschismus Herausgegeben Von Klaus Kinner Und Rolf Richter
    Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus herausgegeben von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter 1 Schriften 5 herausgegeben von der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Sachsen e. V. und der Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung e. V. 2 Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus Historische und aktuelle Dimensionen herausgegeben von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin 3 Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Rechtsextremismus und Antifaschismus : historische und aktuelle Dimensionen / hrsg. von Klaus Kinner und Rolf Richter. – Berlin : Dietz, 2000 (Schriften / Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung ; Bd. 5) ISBN 3-320-02015-3 © Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin GmbH 2000 Umschlag: Egbert Neubauer, MediaService Fotos: Gabriele Senft, Berlin Typografie: Brigitte Bachmann Satz: MediaService, Berlin Druck und Bindearbeit: BärenDruck, Berlin Printed in Germany 4 INHALT Editorial 7 WERNER BRAMKE Antifaschistische Tradition und aktueller Antifaschismus 8 ROLF RICHTER Über Theoretisches und Praktisches im heutigen Antifaschismus 14 KLAUS KINNER Kommunistischer Antifaschismus – ein schwieriges Erbe 45 ANDRÉ HAHN Zum Umgang mit Rechtsextremen in den Parlamenten 52 NORBERT MADLOCH Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland nach dem Ende des Hitlerfaschismus 57 Vorbemerkung 58 Rechtsextremistische Tendenzen und Entwicklungen in der DDR, speziell in Sachsen, bis Oktober 1990 63 Hauptetappen der Entwicklung des Rechtsextremismus in den alten Bundesländern bis zur deutschen Vereinigung 1990 106 Zur Entwicklung des Rechtsextremismus im geeinten Deutschland 1990 bis 1990 – besonders in den neuen Bundesländern 146 Ursachen und Perspektiven des Rechtsextremismus in der Bundesrepublik 206 ROLAND BACH Zur nationalen und sozialen Demagogie der extremen Rechten 215 5 Anhang 251 NORBERT MADLOCH Lexikalische Erläuterungen zu den im Rechtsextremismus-Teil verwandten Hauptbegriffen 252 Rechtsextremismus 253 Rechtsradikalismus = Grauzone 255 Rechtspopulismus 256 Faschismus/Nazismus – Neofaschismus/Neonazismus 257 Neue Rechte 261 Rassismus 264 Ausländer- bzw.
    [Show full text]
  • Smith's Report, No
    SMITH’S REPORT On the Holocaust Controversy No. 146 www.Codoh.com January 2008 Challenging the Holocaust Taboo Since 1990 THE MAN WHO SAW HIS OWN LIVER Introduction: Death and Taxes Richard “Chip” Smith Nine Banded Books is a new publishing house that has chosen to make my manu- script, The Man Who Saw His Own Liver, its first publication, which is an honor I very much appreciate. Chip Smith is the head honcho there and has done everything right, be- ginning with the imaginative idea of transposing the format of my one-character play, The Man Who Stopped Paying, into that of a short novel, The Man Who Saw His Own Liver. Not one word has been changed. It has been formatted in a simple, unique, and imaginative way, and is followed by a coda that, again, is an imaginative choice that never would have occurred to me. The Man Who Saw His Own Liver is at the printer now and we expect to have it to hand the first week in February. Following is the elegant and rather brilliant introduction written by the publisher. radley Smith is one of those writers. Like Hunter Thompson or Hubert Selby; like B Brautigan, Bukowski, or the Beats. You read him when you’re young. You read him with a rush of discovery never to be forgotten. The prose is clean and relaxed and punctuated with a distinct, tumbling, rhythmic flair. It goes down easy. It makes you want to write. The world Smith made is suffused with a restless vitality that feels personal and true.
    [Show full text]
  • Holocaust Denial Cases and Freedom of Expression in the United States
    Holocaust Denial Cases and Freedom of Expression in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom By Charla Marie Boley Submitted to Central European University, Department of Legal Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of … M.A. in Human Rights Supervisor: Professor Vladimir Petrovic Budapest, Hungary 2016 CEU eTD Collection Copyright 2016 Central European University CEU eTD Collection i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Freedom of expression is an internationally recognized fundamental right, crucial to open societies and democracy. Therefore, when the right is utilized to proliferate hate speech targeted at especially vulnerable groups of people, societies face the uncomfortable question of how and when to limit freedom of expression. Holocaust denial, as a form of hate speech, poses such a problem. This particular form of hate speech creates specific problems unique to its “field” in that perpetrators cloak their rhetoric under a screen of academia and that initial responses typically discard it as absurd, crazy, and not worth acknowledging. The three common law jurisdictions of the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom all value free speech and expression, but depending on national legislation and jurisprudence approach the question of Holocaust denial differently. The three trials of Holocaust deniers Zundel, Irving, and the the Institute for Historical Review, a pseudo academic organization, caught the public’s attention with a significant amount of sensationalism. The manner in which the cases unfolded and their aftermath demonstrate that Holocaust denial embodies anti-Semitism and is a form of hate speech. Furthermore, examination of trial transcripts, media response, and existing scholarship, shows that combating denial in courtrooms can have the unintended consequence of further radicalizing deniers and swaying more to join their ranks.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiziganismus Soziale Und Historische Dimensionen Von "Zigeuner"- Stereotypen
    ANTIZIGANISMUS Soziale und historische Dimensionen von "Zigeuner"- Stereotypen Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sinti und Roma ANTIZIGANISMUS Soziale und historische Dimensionen von "Zigeuner"- Stereotypen Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sinti und Roma © 2015 Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sinti und Roma Bremeneckgasse 2 D-69117 Heidelberg www.sintiundroma.de ISBN 978-3-929446-31-9 Redaktion: Thomas Baumann, Jacques Delfeld jr., Hans Scheid, Armin Ulm Lektorat: Sebastian Bühner, Bettina Liebler Layout & Satz: Stefanie Eifler, www.stefanieeifler.de Druck: Neumann Druck, Heidelberg Gefördert von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages sowie unterstützt durch das Ministerium für Arbeit und Soziales aus Mitteln des Landes Baden-Württemberg. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Grußwort / Theresia Bauer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Vorwort / Jacques Delfeld jr. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Helfer des Feindes Von der Häresie der Athinganoi zum „Stamm“ der Atsinganoi / Benedikt Wolf .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 Historische Vorläufer des modernen Antiziganismusbegriffs / Martin Holler .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Antiziganismus Zur Verteidigung eines wissenschaftlichen Begriffs in kritischer Absicht / Markus End .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Politischer Antiziganismus / Wilhelm Solms .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 Die integrierten Deutschen und Andere
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting Germar Rudolf
    HUNTING GERMAR RUDOLF Germar Rudolf Hunting Germar Rudolf Essays on a Modern-Day Witch Hunt Castle Hill Publishers PO Box 243, Uckfield TN22 9AW, UK December 2016 Germar Rudolf: Hunting Germar Rudolf: Essays on a Modern-Day Witch Hunt Uckfield (East Sussex): Castle Hill Publishers P.O. Box 243, Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK December 2016 ISBN10: 1-59148-168-6 (print edition) ISBN13: 978-1-59148-168-3 (print edition) © 2016 by Germar Rudolf Distribution: Castle Hill Publishers, PO Box 243 Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK Set in Times New Roman. Cover illustrations: The author in the summer of 2003. GERMAR RUDOLF · HUNTING GERMAR RUDOLF 5 Table of Contents Page Introduction .................................................................................................. 7 1. What Makes Revisionists? ..................................................................... 17 2. The Naiveté of a Young Revisionist....................................................... 35 3. Fleeing from England ............................................................................. 49 4. Asking for Asylum ................................................................................. 87 5. Scientists Don’t Get Political Asylum .................................................. 103 6. The Trap Snaps Shut ............................................................................ 111 7. Resistance Is Obligatory ....................................................................... 121 8. A Revisionist in Prison ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Herrschaftszeiten Nochmal! Ein Reader Zu Studentenverbindungen in Mainz
    Ein Reader zu Studentenverbindungen in Mainz. Vorbemerkung Obwohl es fast seit der Gründung der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 1946 auch wieder Studentenverbindungen in Mainz gab, fehlte bis 1995, als der Reader „HERRschaftszeiten!“ erschien, eine größere kritische Darstellung der Aktivitäten von Korporationen in Mainz. Da seitdem jedoch einige Jahre ins Land gegangen sind, war es an der Zeit, über einen neuen Reader nachzuden- ken, den Ihr nun in Händen haltet. Dieser neue Reader basiert außer auf den Selbstdarstellungen, Flugblättern und Semesterprogrammen auf einer weitge- henden Analyse der Korporationspresse der letzten Jahre, denn die Vorgänge innerhalb der Dachverbände lassen auch Rückschlüsse auf die Mainzer Verbin- H dungen zu. E Das Ergebnis war erschreckend. Auch auf den zweiten Blick läßt sich zeigen, R daß bei so gut wie allen Verbindungen und Dachverbänden ein Gedankengut – R insbesondere zur Frage des deutschen Volkstums – vorherrscht, daß vom Grau- S zonenbereich am rechten Rand der CDU bis hin zum offen neofaschistischen C Spektrum reicht. Zugehörige personelle Überschneidungen - nach ganz weit H rechts - lassen sich auch für Mainz nachweisen, und zwar auch in jüngster Zeit. A Neben der fruchtbaren Suche nach recht(sextrem)en Inhalten und Personen soll F auch angerissen werden, welche soziale Funktion Verbindungen in der BRD – T insbesondere als Stichwortgeber für bedeutende Parteien oder Lobbyverbände S haben. Z E Viel Spaß bei der Lektüre wünscht Euch, I T Hans A. Plast E N Inhalt 2 Einleitung 3 Die Geschichte
    [Show full text]
  • Germar Rudolf, Resistance Is Obligatory (2012; PDF-Datei, 6
    GERMAR RUDOLF · RESISTANCE IS OBLIGATORY Germar Rudolf Resistance Is Obligatory Address to the Mannheim District Court 15 November 2006 to 29 January 2007 Castle Hill Publishers P.O. Box 243, Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK April 2012 Germar Rudolf: Resistance Is Obligatory: Address to the Mannheim District Court 15 November 2006 to 29 January 2007 Uckfield, UK: CASTLE HILL PUBLISHERS P.O. Box 243, Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK April 2012Uckfield (East Sussex): Castle Hill Publishers PO Box 243, Uckfield TN22 9AW, UK ISBN: 978-1-59148-030-3 © by Germar Rudolf 50% of the proceeds from the sales of this book will be paid to the author. Set in Times New Roman. www.GermarRudolf.com If this site cannot be reached, please try an anonymizing service. Cover: In the background Galileo Galilei. Below from left to right and top to bottom: Martin Luther, Nicolaus Copernicus, Karl. R. Popper, Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi. www.vho.org/GB/books/rio GERMAR RUDOLF, RESISTANCE IS OBLIGATORY Contents page Foreword by Daniel McGowan ............................................................ 9 A. Introduction .................................................................................... 31 I. A Peaceful Dissident’s Ordeal ................................................... 31 II. General Remarks about my Defense .......................................... 49 B. Scientific Considerations ................................................................ 51 I. The Human Aspect ..................................................................... 51 1. Conflict between
    [Show full text]
  • The Barnes Review a JOURNAL of POLITICALLY INCORRECT HISTORY
    Mussolini’s War is here! BRINGING HISTORY INTO ACCORD WITH THE FACTS IN THE TRADITION OF DR. HARRY ELMER BARNES Thanks to all of you who pre-ordered this book and made this project a reality! The Barnes Review A JOURNAL OF POLITICALLY INCORRECT HISTORY Mussolini’s War VOLUME XXIV NUMBER 3 MAY/JUNE 2018 WWW.BARNESREVIEW.COM Volume 1: The Triumphant Years “[T]hose who think they know World dominant power in the Mediterranean War II history will be pleasantly surprised Sea. Contrary to popular belief, Mus- to learn an incredible array of new details solini’s Fiat biplanes gave as good as about the entire scope of that conflict, they got in the Battle of Britain, and and not just as it related to Italy. And I Italy’s Savoia-Marchetti Sparrowhawk guarantee that Mussolini’s War will com- bombers accounted for 72 Allied war- pletely change general, preconceived no- ships and 196 freighters sunk. On June tions of the Second World War.” 7, 1942, infantry of the Italian X Corps —Lt. Col. FORREST P. PATTON, U.S. saved Rommel’s 15th Brigade near Marine Corps Reserve (Ret.) Gazala, in North Africa, from otherwise —— certain annihilation. mong the great misconcep- These and numerous other disclo- tions of modern times is the sures combine to debunk lingering assumption that Benito Mus- propaganda stereotypes of the inept, solini was Adolf Hitler’s jun- ineffectual Italian armed forces and A their allegedly inept commanders and ior partner, who made no significant contributions to the Axis effort in supreme leader. That dated portrayal World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • El Pasado En Construcción. Revisionismos Históricos En La
    cub-CHG-6.pdf 1 30/05/15 12:47 El «revisionismo histórico», en- CARLOS FORCADELL ÁLVAREZ es catedrático de Historia Contemporánea en la tendido como el cuestionamiento de Universidad de Zaragoza. Comenzó sus investigaciones sobre la historia los consensos disciplinares básicos social de las organizaciones políticas y sindicales del movimiento obrero La Historia, hoy, debe cons- construidos por la historiografía euro- El pasado en la España contemporánea, atendiendo posteriormente a temas y méto- truirse y relatarse a escala com- dos de historia cultural de la sociedad y de la política y de historia de la pea a partir de 1945, es un fenómeno glo- historiografía. Editó, junto con Juan José Carreras, el libro Usos públicos parativa y global. La Institución bal que hace posible una problematización Fernando el Católico pretende con de la Historia (2003), que reflejó tempranamente la adaptación de esta transnacional más comprensiva de las diferen- en construcción perspectiva en la historiografía española. Ha codirigido el volumen III de esta nueva colección presentar una tes experiencias y perspectivas nacionales. Este selección de temas y problemas comu- la Historia de las culturas políticas en España y América latina sobre La nes tanto a la experiencia histórica de la es un libro dedicado a estudiar en perspectiva Restauración y la República, 1874-1936 (Madrid, Marcial Pons y Zarago- za, PUZ, 2015). Ha sido presidente de la Asociación de Historia Contem- mayor parte de las sociedades, próximas comparada la historia reciente de los revisionismos
    [Show full text]