22 CFR Ch. I (4–1–03 Edition)
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Optimization of Ammonium Sulfamate Nitration for the Preparation of Ammonium Dinitramide
Optimization of Ammonium Sulfamate Nitration for the Preparation... 83 Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014, 11(1), 83-97 ISSN 1733-7178 Optimization of Ammonium Sulfamate Nitration for the Preparation of Ammonium Dinitramide Alok Kumar MANDAL*1, Ganesh Murlidhar KUNJIR1, Jaivindra SINGH1, Sushma S. ADHAV1, Sunil Kumar SINGH1, Raj Kishore PANDEY1, Bikash BHATTACHARYA1, Mannepalli LAKSHMI KANTAM2 and Karasala Vijaya KUMAR2 1High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Division, Sutarwadi, Pune-411021, India 2Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The reaction kinetics for the preparation of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is described. ADN is the ammonium salt of the dinitramide anion, and belongs to the group of inorganic oxidizers, mainly useful for energetic rocket propellant formulations, particularly for underwater applications. It is also a potential candidate to replace ammonium perchlorate (AP), in order to develop chlorine-free, green propellants. At HEMRL, ADN is prepared by the nitration of ammonium sulfamate (AS) using mixed acid, followed by hydrolysis, neutralization with ammonia (g) and rectification using solvent. The nitration of ammonium sulfamate (AS) is carried out at a subzero temperature of -40 ±1 °C. The yield of ADN is reliant on the formation of dinitramidic acid, an intermediate product formed during the hydrolysis step, and its stability is predominantly dependent upon the level of acidity and temperature of the reaction medium. Prior to these kinetics studies, process optimization of the nitration of ammonium sulfamate (AS) was performed and gave the final mole ratio of AS:HNO3:H2SO4. Since the nitration of AS is sensitive to temperature, the rate of reaction was studied at fixed temperatures with variation of time, keeping all of the other parameters, such as vessel volume, agitator speed, feed rate etc., constant. -
Stabilization of the New Oxidizer Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) in Solid Phase
NATO UNCLASSIFIED Stabilization of the New Oxidizer Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) in Solid Phase Dr. Manfred Bohn Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT) Postfach 1240 D-76318 Pfinztal-Berghausen GERMANY e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is one of the substances, which are seen to be able to replace ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer in rocket propellants. Some of the performance data in comparison to AP substantiate this suggestion (values for AP in brackets). It has a good oxygen balance of +25.8% (+34%), a more positive enthalpy of formation, -1208 J/g (-2518 J/g) and a higher heat of explosion as AP, 3337 J/g (1972 J/g). An additional advantage is that the reaction products of ADN are free of signature. One drawback of ADN clearly is the much lower thermal stability than that of AP, together with the relatively low melting point between 92 and 94°C. But the lower stability must not exclude its application in some types of rocket systems. The intrinsic stability of ADN is not much lower than that of unstabilized nitrocellulose. If it would be possible to find stabilizers, ADN can be considered as a substitute candidate for AP. An extensive investigation was made with eight substances to find out their stabilization effect on ADN. The ADN samples were mixed intensively with an amount of 2 mol-% each of these chemicals. The experimental methods used to determine the stabilization effect have been mass loss as function of time and temperature, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, and adiabatic self heating. -
A Guide to Export Controls
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Affaires étrangères, Commerce et Development Canada Développment Canada A Guide To CANADA’S EXPORT CONTROLS December 2012 Introduction The issuance of export permits is administered by the Export Controls Division (TIE) of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD). TIE provides assistance to exporters in determining if export permits are required. It also publishes brochures and Notices to Exporters that are freely available on request and on our website www.exportcontrols.gc.ca. How to contact us: Export Controls Division (TIE) Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada 111 Sussex Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G2 Telephone: (613) 996-2387 Facsimile: (613) 996-9933 Email: [email protected] For information on how to apply for an export permit and additional information on export controls please refer to our website. To enquire on the status of an export permit application: Recognized EXCOL users can check the status of an export permit application on-line. Non-recognized users can call (613) 996-2387 or email [email protected] and quote your export permit application identification (ref ID) number. Export Controls Division website: www.exportcontrols.gc.ca This Guide, at time of publication, encompasses the list of items enumerated on the Export Control List (ECL) that are controlled for export in accordance with Canadian foreign policy, including Canada’s participation in multilateral export control regimes and bilateral agreements. Unless otherwise specified, the export controls contained in this Guide apply to all destinations except the United States. Canada’s Export Control List can be found at the Department of Justice website at http://canada.justice.gc.ca/. -
Common Military List of the European Union
6.4.2016 EN Official Journal of the European Union C 122/1 IV (Notices) NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES COUNCIL COMMON MILITARY LIST OF THE EUROPEAN UNION adopted by the Council on 14 March 2016 (equipment covered by Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP defining common rules governing the control of exports of military technology and equipment) (updating and replacing the Common Military List of the European Union adopted by the Council on 9 February 2015 (1)) (CFSP) (2016/C 122/01) Note 1 Terms in ‘quotations’ are defined terms. Refer to ‘Definitions of Terms used in this List’ annexed to this List. Note 2 In some instances chemicals are listed by name and CAS number. The list applies to chemicals of the same structural formula (including hydrates) regardless of name or CAS number. CAS numbers are shown to assist in identifying a particular chemical or mixture, irrespective of nomenclature. CAS numbers cannot be used as unique identifiers because some forms of the listed chemical have different CAS numbers, and mixtures containing a listed chemical may also have different CAS numbers. ML1 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre of 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches) or less and accessories, as follows, and specially designed components therefor: Note ML1. does not apply to: a. Firearms specially designed for dummy ammunition and which are incapable of discharging a projectile; b. Firearms specially designed to launch tethered projectiles having no high explosive charge or communi cations link, to a range of less than or equal to 500 m; c. -
Rocket Solid Propellant Alternative Based on Ammonium Dinitramide
Rocket Solid Propellant Alternative Based on Ammonium Dinitramide Grigore CICAN*,1, Alexandru-Daniel MITRACHE1 *Corresponding author 1“POLITEHNICA” University of Bucharest, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Gh. Polizu Street 1-5, 011061, Bucharest, Romania, [email protected]*, [email protected] DOI: 10.13111/2066-8201.2017.9.1.2 Received: 20 December 2016/ Accepted: 02 February 2017/ Published: March 2017 © Copyright 2017, INCAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) International Conference of Aerospace Sciences “AEROSPATIAL 2016” 26 - 27 October 2016, Bucharest, Romania, (held at INCAS, B-dul Iuliu Maniu 220, sector 6) Section 4 – Materials and Structures Abstract: Due to the continuous run for a green environment the current article proposes a new type of solid propellant based on the fairly new synthesized oxidizer, ammonium dinitramide (ADN). Apart of having a higher specific impulse than the worldwide renowned oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate, ADN has the advantage, of leaving behind only nitrogen, oxygen and water after decomposing at high temperatures and therefore totally avoiding the formation of hydrogen chloride fumes. Based on the oxidizer to fuel ratios of the current formulations of the major rocket solid booster (e.g. Space Shuttle’s SRB, Ariane 5’s SRB) which comprises mass variations of ammonium perchlorate oxidizer (70-75%), atomized aluminum powder (10-18%) and polybutadiene binder (12-20%) a new solid propellant was formulated. As previously stated, the new propellant formula and its variations use ADN as oxidizer and erythritol tetranitrate as fuel, keeping the same polybutadiene as binder. -
Annex XV Dossier PROPOSAL for IDENTIFICATION of a SUBSTANCE AS a CATEGORY 1A OR 1B CMR, PBT, Vpvb OR a SUBSTANCE of an EQUIVALEN
ANNEX XV – IDENTIFICATION OF HYDRAZINE AS SVHC Annex XV dossier PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE AS A CATEGORY 1A OR 1B CMR, PBT, vPvB OR A SUBSTANCE OF AN EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF CONCERN Substance Name(s): Hydrazine EC Number(s): 206-114-9 CAS Number(s): 302-01-2 Submitted by: European Chemical Agency on request of the European Commission Version: February 2011 PUBLIC VERSION: This report does not include the Confidential Annexes referred to in Part II. 1 ANNEX XV – IDENTIFICATION OF HYDRAZINE AS SVHC CONTENTS PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE AS A CATEGORY 1A OR 1B CMR, PBT, VPVB OR A SUBSTANCE OF AN EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF CONCERN ................................................................................7 PART I..........................................................................................................................................................................8 JUSTIFICATION .........................................................................................................................................................8 1 IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES .................................8 1.1 Name and other identifiers of the substance...................................................................................................8 1.2 Composition of the substance.........................................................................................................................9 1.3 Physico-chemical properties...........................................................................................................................9 -
Export Control Handbook for Chemicals
Export Control Handbook for Chemicals -Dual-use control list -Common Military List -Explosives precursors -Syria restrictive list -Psychotropics and narcotics precursors ARNES-NOVAU, X 2019 EUR 29879 This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Xavier Arnés-Novau Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332-785421 Filippo Sevini Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy [email protected] Tel.: +39 0332-786793 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC 117839 EUR 29879 Print ISBN 978-92-76-11971-5 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/844026 PDF ISBN 978-92-76-11970-8 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/339232 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Atomic Energy Community, 2019 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Reuse is authorised, provided the source of the document is acknowledged and its original meaning or message is not distorted. The European Commission shall not be liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse. -
Vol. 77 Wednesday, No. 85 May 2, 2012 Pages 25859–26148
Vol. 77 Wednesday, No. 85 May 2, 2012 Pages 25859–26148 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Mar 15 2010 18:33 May 01, 2012 Jkt 226001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\02MYWS.LOC 02MYWS sroberts on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with RULES II Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 2, 2012 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Hydrazine Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 302-01-2
Screening Assessment for the Challenge Hydrazine Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 302-01-2 Environment Canada Health Canada January 2011 Screening Assessment CAS RN 302-01-2 Synopsis The Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of hydrazine, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 302-01-2. The substance hydrazine was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List as a high priority for action under the Chemicals Management Plan Challenge initiative. Hydrazine was identified as a high priority as it was considered to pose an intermediate potential for exposure of individuals in Canada and is classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity. The substance did not meet the ecological categorization criteria for persistence or bioaccumulation potential, but it did meet the criteria for inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Most hydrazine is imported into Canada in aqueous solutions, the form of the product commonly found on the market. In aqueous solution, all the hydrazine is invariably present as the hydrate. This chemical species has a molecule of water loosely attached to an electronegative nitrogen atom by a weak hydrogen bond. The hydrated form is not considered to be chemically different from the anhydrous substance, and can be considered to represent a mixture of the substance with water. Therefore, this assessment considers that hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate are effectively the same substance. Only minor differences in physical-chemical properties are observed between these two forms due to the association of hydrazine with water in the hydrated form. According to information submitted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, hydrazine was not manufactured by any company in Canada in the calendar year 2006 above the 100 kg reporting threshold. -
View the Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Cemented Carbide, Cemented Carbide Tool, Coated Cemented Carbide, and Coated Cemented Carbide Tool DUET Industrial Co., LTD. - Japan Pagel of 11 11 Date of issue: 22 d June, 2015 SAFETY DATA SHEET Section 1: Identification Product identifier used on the label; Product name: Cemented Carbide, Cemented Carbide Tool, Coated Cemented Carbide, and Coated Cemented Carbide Tool Other means of identification; No information Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use; Recommended usc: Cutting tools mainly for metallic materials, wear-resistant tools for plastic forming process, tools for macadam, civil engineering, and urban development, etc. Restrictions on usc: No information Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party; Name: DIJET Indusn·ial Co., LTD.- Japan Department in Charge: Quality Assurance Department Address: 2-1-18, Kami-Higashi, Hirano-ku, Osaka 547-0002, Japan Telephone number: +81-6-6794-6444 Fax number: +81-6-6793-3904 e-mail address: Emergency phone number +81-6-6794-6444 Section 2: Hazard(s) identification Classification of the chemical in accordance with paragraph (d) of§l910.1200; Physical Hazards Not classified Health Hazards Respiratory sensitization: Category I Skin sensitization: Category! Germ cell mutagenicity: Category2 Carcinogenicity: Category2 Reproductive toxicity: Category2 Specific target organ toxicity single exposure: Category! (respiratory system, kidney), Category2(systemic toxicity) Category3(respiratory irritation) Specific target organ -
Draft Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20Xx
Draft Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20xx In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), and in supersession of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 and the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996, except things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central Government hereby makes the following Rules relating to the management and safety of chemicals, namely: 1. Short Title and Commencement (1) These Rules may be called the Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20xx. (2) These Rules shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. Chapter I Definitions, Objectives and Scope 2. Definitions (1) In these Rules, unless the context otherwise requires (a) “Act” means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) as amended from time to time; (b) “Article” means any object whose function is determined by its shape, surface or design to a greater degree than its chemical composition; (c) “Authorised Representative” means a natural or juristic person in India who is authorised by a foreign Manufacturer under Rule 6(2); (d) “Chemical Accident” means an accident involving a sudden or unintended occurrence while handling any Hazardous Chemical, resulting in exposure (continuous, intermittent or repeated) to the Hazardous Chemical causing death or injury to any person or damage to any property, but does not include an accident by reason only -
Chapter 8.0 Chemical and Process Safety. Non-Sensitive Version
8.0 CHEMICAL AND PROCESS SAFETY 8.1 CONDUCT OF REVIEW This chapter of the revised Draft Safety Evaluation Report (revised DSER) contains the staff’s review of chemical and process safety described by the applicant in Chapter 8 of the revised Construction Authorization Request (revised CAR) (Reference 8.3.19), with supporting process safety information from Chapters 5 and 11 of the revised CAR. The objective of this review is to determine whether the chemical process safety principal structures, systems, and components (PSSCs) and their design bases identified by the applicant provide reasonable assurance of protection against the consequences of potential accidents. The staff evaluated the information provided by the applicant for chemical process safety by reviewing the revised CAR, supplementary information provided by the applicant, and relevant documents available at the applicant’s offices but not submitted by the applicant. The staff also reviewed technical literature as necessary to understand the process and safety requirements. The review of aqueous polishing (AP) and mixed oxide process (MP) safety design bases and strategies was closely coordinated with the review of the radiation and chemical safety aspects of accident sequences described in the Safety Assessment of the Design Bases (see Chapter 5.0 of this revised DSER), the review of fire safety aspects (see Chapter 7.0 of this revised DSER), and the review of plant systems (see Chapter 11.0 of this revised DSER). The staff reviewed the chemical process and safety information in the revised CAR and supporting documents against the following regulations: ! Section 70.23(b) of 10 CFR states, as a prerequisite to construction authorization, that the design bases of the PSSCs and the quality assurance program be found to provide reasonable assurance of protection against natural phenomena and the consequences of potential accidents.