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University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. Ic is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms A Xerox Education Company 72-21,027 VOTAW, Robert Barnett, 1939- œNODONT BIOSTOATIGRAIW OF IHE BLACK RIVER GROUP (MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN) AND EQUIVALENT ROCKS OF THE EASTERN MIDCONTINENF, NORTH AMERICA. The Ohio State Ifeiversity, Ph.D., 1972 Geology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICR0FII2CD EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BLACK RIVER GROUP (MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN) AND EQUIVALENT ROCKS OF THE EASTERN MIDCONTINENT, NORTH AMERICA DISSERTATION Presented in P artial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert Barnett Votaw, B.S., A.M. * * * * * The Ohio State University 197.1 Approved by A d v is e r Department of Geology PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges Penrose Bequest Research Grant No. 1430-70 from the Geological Society of America, which supported field work during the spring and summer of 1970. The Friends of Orton Hall Fund provided additional funds for transportation and paid the cost of producing the plates. Cominco American, Inc., through Mr. Stewart Jackson, donated a complete core of the Lexington, Tyrone, Oregon, and Camp Nelson Limestones from Mason County, Kentucky, a 545-foot segment of this core was sampled for this study. Dr. Stig BergstrBm, of The Ohio State University, provided the author insight into Appalachian correlations, conodont systematics and stratigraphie evaluation, and the author benefited greatly from these observations. Dr. Walter C. Sweet, of The Ohio State University, suggested the project and made available to me extensive type and undescribed col­ lections at The Ohio State University. His constant assistance, able field partnership and provocative discussions are deeply appreciated. Finally I would like to thank my wife, Barbara, for her spirited field assistance, toleration of my frustrations, and calming influence. October 19, 1939 . Born, Cincinnati, Ohio 1962 ........................ B.S., Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1962-1964 . .................... Teaching A ssistant, Department of Geology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1964 ....................................... A.M., Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1964-1968 .............................. Petroleum Geologist, The Standard Oil Company of California, Bakersfield, California 1986 . ............................... Teaching Associate, Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1969-1971 .............................. National Science Foundation Trainee, The Ohio State U niversity, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Votaw, Robert, and others, 1966, Cross-bedding in the Salem Limestone of southern Indiana: Sedimentology, Vol. 6, pp. 95-114, 12 figs., 3 t a b l e s . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................................ i i VITA ........................ i i i LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... v i i LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................... v i i i INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS OF STUDY ........................................................................................................... 3 DESCRITPION OF SAMPLE L O C A L IT IE S ..................................................... .... 6 PREVIOUS STUDIES OF THE BLACK RIVER GROUP................................................. 10 CONODONTS OF THE BLACK RIVER GROUP AND EQUIVALENT STRATA . 20 Fibrous Conodont-elements Laminar Conodont-elements . The "zone" of Phragmodus inflexus CORRELATION OF THE SECTIONS STUDIED............................................................... 33 CHAMPLAINIAN CORRELATIONS BY OTHER FOSSIL GROUPS ....... 37 CORRELATION WITH OTHER AMERICAN S E C T IO N S ................................................. 40 MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN CORRELATION COMPARISONS ................................................. 45 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY............................................................................................ 52 Genus ACODUS Pander, 1856 52 A codus m u ta tu s (B ran so n and M ehl) ...................................................... 52 Genus ACONTIODUS Pander, 1856 54 Acontiodus alveolaris Stauffer .......................................................... 55 Genus APPALACHIGNATHUS V otaw , n . g e n ........................................................ 56 iv Appalachignathus delicatulus Votaw, n. sp. ..................................... 56 Genus BELODELIA ( E th in g to n ) , 1959 , . ....................................................... 60 Belode11a niger (Serpagll) .................................................................. 60 Genus BELODINA E th in g to n , 1959 ............................................................................ 64 Belodina compressa (Branson and M ehl) .................................................... 64 Genus BRŸANTODINA. S t a u f f e r , 1935 ....................................................................... 66 Bryantodina? abrupta (Branson and Mehl) ............................................... 66 Genus CHIROGMTHUS B ran so n and M ehl, 1933 67 Chirognathus monodactylus Branson and Mehl ..................................... 68 Genus CURTOGMTHUS Branson and Mehl, 1933 72 Curtognathus robustus (Branson and Mehl) .......................................... 73 Curtognathus typus Branson and Mehl ......................................................... 76 G enus BISTACODUS H in d e , 1879 ............................................................................ 85 Dlstacodus falcatus Stauffer .... .................................................... 85 Genus DREPANOISTODUS L in d strB m , 1955 .............................................................. 87 Drepanolstodus suberectus (Branson and Mehl) ...... 87 Genus ERISMODUS Branson and Mehl, 1933 .............................. 88 Erismodus radicans (Hinde) . 89 Genus "OISTODUS" Pander, 1856 95 "Oistodus" venustus Stauffer ................................................................ 97 Genus OULODUS Branson and Mehl, 1933 ........................ 98 Oulodus serratus (Stauffer) ........................................................................... 103 Genus PANDERODUS E thington, 1959 ................................................................ 106 Panderodus gracilis (Branson and Mehl) .............................................. 106 Panderodus panderi (Stauffer) ... 109 Genus PHRAGMODUS Branson and Mehl, 1933 109 Phragmodus cognitus Stauffer ....................................................................... 112 Phragmodus inflexus S ta u ffe r ................................... 113 Phragmodus tortus Sweet, ms. ......................................................... 1 1 4 Phragmodus undatus Branson and M e h l ............ 116 Genus PLEGTODINA Stauffer, 1935 118 Plectodina aculeata (Stauffer) ........................ 118 Plectodina n. sp., V o t a w .............................. 121 Genus POLYPLA.COGNA.THUS Stauffer, 1935 123 Polyplacognathus ramosus Stauffer ...................... 123 Genus SCANDODUS Lindstrbm, 1955 ......................................................... 124 Scandodus superbus Votaw, n. sp. ......................................................... 126 Genus "TRUCHEROGNATHUS" Branson and M e h l ..................
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