DOCSLIB.ORG

The Motorola 6800

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Motorola 6800 paper-tape form, as an alternative to buying a set of PROMs. A tape costs $15, and may be ordered direct from NS Elec- tronics, Cnr Stud Road and Mountain Microcomputer Highway, Bayswater, Victoria 3153. Faster SC/MP chip, too News & Products National Semiconductor has also announced a new N-channel version of the SC/MP chip itself. It offers three main features over the existing P-channel chip: Twice the speed, one quarter the power, and only a single + 5V supply. Designated SC/MP-II, the new chip will be available in Australia shortly, from NS Electronics and their various distribu- tors in each state. SC/MP Tiny BASIC Back in the December 1976 issue, we announced that National Semiconductor was coming out with a Tiny-BASIC interpreter for their SC/MP, called NIBL. At that stage only a 3k bytes preliminary version was available, with an improved 4k version still to come. Well, the 4k version of NIBL has now arrived, and it's even better than was predicted. It is .now very much an extended Tiny-BASIC, with many power- ful features which should make it of great interest and value to professional and hobby computer users alike. As predicted, it now offers an RND function to generate 16-bit random num- New MC6800 kit bers, and a LINK statement to allow call- Motorola Semiconductor Products has ing machine language subroutines. The released a new evaluation kit for their hoped-for DO . .. UNTIL statements are well-known MC6800 microprocessor. also provided, too. Called the MEK6800D2, the new kit has In addition, there is now the ability to its own 24-key keyboard and 6-digit hex perform FOR ... NEXT loops as in many display, obviating the need for an expen- full BASICs. There is also the ability to sive data terminal. It also features an handle character strings, and to handle inbuilt audio cassette interface, for con- hexadecimal constants. There is also a venient program storage at low cost. REM statement for remarks, a MOD The kit comes with 256 bytes of RAM function for absolute values, a STAT func- for user programs, a 1k byte ROM with tion to return the current value of a debug/monitor called MUG, and 16 SC/MP's status register (allowing the lines of parallel I/O via a PIA. Provision program to manipulate flag and sense is made for easy expansion. lines), and paging functions. By the time you read this, the new kits NIBL's formal grammar is now some- should be available from local Motorola what more flexible, too, allowing greater distributors for around $240. programming efficiency. Multiple By courtesy of Motorola, EA has one statements per line are now allowed, of the new kits and we are currently put- while LET is no longer mandatory in ting it through its paces. We hope to assignment statements. publish the results next month, all going And you can now buy NI BL in punched well. ELECTRONICS Australia, April, 1977 73 MOTOROLA M6800 (ik EVALUATION KIT MEK6800D2 provides a useful and expandable tool for those who wish to develop systems with the M6800 Microprocessor without investing in expensive terminals. All parts needed to complete the system and get up and running are provided in the kit with the exception of the power supply. In addition to the expansion available on the basic microcomputer module, additional RAM, ROM and I/O parts can be accommodated at a later date to implement more complex systems. Machine language programs can be entered through the system keyboard or via a built-in audio cassette interface system. Hexademical LED displays are provided for monitoring data and address information. A crystal-controlled clock generator is used to eliminate timing adjustments. • JBUG Monitor. Trace One Instruction. Set up to Five Breakpoints. Examine and Change Memory and Registers. • Parallel and Serial Interface Capability. • 16 I JO Lines, 4 Control Lines. MEK6800 D2 FIRMWARE FEATURES HARDWARE FEATURES The monitor firmware included with this system sets a new Three I/O devices are provided in the kit. One Peripheral standard of performance for evaluation kits. The function Interface Adapter (PIA) is dedicated to the hexadecimal of the JBUG monitor is to allow the user to communicate keyboard and display module. A second PIA is made with and hence control the M6800 microcomputer by available exclusively for the user. An Asynchronous Com- using the hexadecimal keyboard and display module. The munications Interface Adapter (ACIA) is also included to intelligence and diagnostic capability of JBUG is provided interface with your audio cassette tape recorder. in line 1K x 8 ROM. CEMA TOTAL ELECTRONICS MELBOURNE MELBOURNE 96 2891; WANT TO HEAR MORE? 877 5311; SYDNEY SYDNEY 439 6722; 439 4655; CALL MOTOROLA SYDNEY BRISBANE (ELECTRONIC COMP) BRISBANE 229 1633; 371 5677; ADELAIDE 268 2922; —438 1955, 43 4299 ADELAIDE (WOOLLARD & CRABBE) 51 4713; PERTH (ATHOL HILL P/L) 25 7811; CANBERRA (CUSTOM SCIENTIFIC) 47 6179; MELBOURNE-561 3555 WOLLONGONG (MACELEC) NEWCASTLE (DIGITRONICS) 69 2040; 29 1276; PERTH (RESERVE ELECTRONICS) CANBERRA (ELECTRONIC COMP) 95 6811; MOTOROLA DISTRIBUTORS 87 1026; MOTOROLA Microsystems —making it happen in microcomputers ELECTRONICS Australia, May, 1977 73 GETTING INTO MICROPROCESSORS The Motorola 6800 One of the most established microprocessors, the Motorola MC6800 an index register and a stack pointer, all is supported by a continuously expanding "family" of memory and three of which are 16 bits long. The MC6800 implements its stack in external specialised interfacing chips—and also by a great deal of proven soft- RAM. ware and applications experience. In this article we look at the The status register has six active bits, MC6800, its main support chips, and also the recently released one of which is the flag for enabling and MEK6800D2 "Mark II" evaluation kit. disabling the master interrupt input. The remaining status bits are condition code by JAMIESON ROWE flags, representing arithmetic carry and overflow, sign, zero and a bit-3 carry Motorola Semiconductor Products for or "PIA" (MC6820), a programmable used for BCD arithmetic. None of the sta- were only the second major US manu- Asynchronous Communications Inter- tus register bits is accessible directly via facturer to enter the microprocessor face Adaptor or "ACIA" (MC6850), a external device pins. field, in 1974. The MC6800 was their initial programmable Synchronous Serial Data Data and address information pass entry, and the fact that it is still one of Adaptor or "SSDA" (MC6852), and a between the MC6800 and the rest of a the market leaders—and showing no number of more specialised devices system via two separate buses. One is an signs of giving ground—testifies to the including some which are still in 8-bit bidirectional data bus; the other is soundness of the basic design concept. development. There are also various sys- a 16-bit address bus which gives the Needless to say it is now supported by tem housekeeping devices, including a MC6800 the capability of directly a large amount of development and family of hybrid clock oscillators. addressing 65,536 or "65k" bytes of applications software, much of it As the block diagram suggests, the memory space. generated by users. This inevitably basic architecture of the MC6800 micro- The output buffers on both the data increases its appeal for potential new processor chip itself is fairly straight- and address lines are 3-state, and may be users, compared with newer entries to forward. This is perhaps part of the secret disabled for DMA operation. the field. of its success, although there are a num- There is no clock oscillator on the It is strongly supported in another ber of subtle strengths which also MC6800 chip itself. Instead there are two sense, too: along with the basic micro- emerge upon closer inspection. clock input pins, which must be fed with processor chip there are a number of There are only six internal working non-overlapping two-phase clock sig- matching memory and interfacing chips, registers, one of which is a condition nals. Maximum clock frequency is 1MHz, all designed to simplify system design. code or processor status register. Two of and a machine cycle corresponds direc- These include a 1024 x 8-bit ROM the remaining registers are 8-bit tly to a clock period. Fetching and execu- (MCM6830), a 128 x 8-bit RAM accumulators, both full primary accum- tion of an instruction ranges from 2 to 12 (MCM6810), a programmable 16-bit ulators of almost equal status. The other machine cycles depending upon the bidirectional Peripheral Interface Adap- three registers are the program counter, instruction, or from 2 to 12us at the A15 A14 A13 Al2 All A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 Al AO maximum clock rate. 25 24 23 22 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 A Incidentally the MC6800 is an N- ft' t t t t t I t channel depletion mode MOS device, Output Output made using silicon gate technology. As Buffers Buffers a result it operates from a single +5V supply. Clock, 01 3 ---11. Apart from the normal reset and mas- Clock, 02 37 ter interrupt inputs the MC6800 is also Reset 40 Program Program provided with a non-maskable interrupt Counter H Counter Non-Maskable Interrupt 6 (1. input. There is also a software-interrupt Halt 2 -IP Instruction instruction, for program abortion. Vec- Stack Stack Interrupt Request 4 Decode Pointer Pointer toring is provided only for the different and Three-State Control 39 Control interrupt mechanisms; within each Data Bus Enable 36 0. Index Index mechanism an interrupt source must be Bus Available 7 Register Register identified by polling.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Build a Swtpc 6800
    Southwest Technical Products Corporation 6800 Computer System The Southwest Technical Products 6800 computer system is based upon the Motorola MC6800 microprocessor unit (MPU) and its matching support devices. The 6800 system was chosen for our computer because this set of parts is currently in our opinion the "Benchmark Family" for microprocessor computer systems. It makes it possible for us to provide you with an outstanding computer system having a minimum of parts, but with outstanding versatility and ease of use. In addition to the outstanding hardware system, the Motorola 6800 has without question the most complete set of documentation yet made available for a microprocessor system. The 714 page Applications Manual, for example, contains material on programming techniques, system organization, input/output techniques, hardware characteristics, peripheral control techniques, and more. Also available is a Programmers Manual which details the various types of software available for the system and instructions for programming and using the unique interface system that is part of the 6800 system. The M6800 family of parts minimizes the number of, required components and support parts, provides extremely simple interfacing to external devices and has outstanding documentation. The MC6800 is an eight-bit parallel microprocessor with addressing capability of up to 45,536 words (BYTES) of data. The system is TTL compatible requiring only a single fine-volt power supply. All devices and memory in the 6800 computer family are connected to an 8-bit bi-directional data bus. In addition to this a 16-bit address bus is provided to specify memory location. This later bus is also used as a tool to specify the particular input/ output device to be selected when the 6800 family interface devices are used.
    [Show full text]
  • Exorciser USER's GUIDE
    M6809EXOR(D1) ®MOTOROLA M6809 EXORciser User's Guide MICROSYSTEMS M6809EXOR (Dl} SEPTEMBER 1979 M6809 EXORciser USER'S GUIDE The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no res pons i bi 1ity is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. EXORciser®, EXORdisk, and EXbug are trademarks of Motorola Inc. First Edition ©Copyright 1979 by Motorola Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.2 FEATURES 1-1 1.3 SPECIFICATIONS 1-2 1.4 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED 1-2 1.5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-3 1.5.1 EXORciser Memory Parity 1-3 1.5.2 Dual Map Concepts 1-5 1.5.3 Second level Interrupt Feature 1-7 1.5.4 Dynamic System Bus 1-10 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS AND HARDWARE PREPARATION 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2-1 2.2 UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS 2-1 2.3 INSPECTION 2-1 2.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 2-1 2.5 DATA TERMINAL SELECTION AND CONNECTIONS 2-2 2.5.1 RS-232C Interconnections 2-2 2.5.2 20mA Current loop Interconnections 2-2 2.6 PREPARATION OF SYSTEM MODULES 2-2 CHAPTER 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-1 3.2 SWITCHES AND INDICATORS 3-1 3.2.1 Front Panel Switches and Indicators 3-1 3.2.2 Switches on the DEbug Module 3-2 3.3 INITIALIZATION 3-3 3.3.1
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 1: Course Introduction G Course Organization G Historical Overview G Computer Organization G Why the MC68000? G Why Assembly Language?
    Lecture 1: Course introduction g Course organization g Historical overview g Computer organization g Why the MC68000? g Why assembly language? Microprocessor-based System Design 1 Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna Wright State University Course organization g Grading Instructor n Exams Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna g 1 midterm and 1 final Office: 401 Russ n Homework Tel:775-5120 g 4 problem sets (not graded) [email protected] n Quizzes http://www.cs.wright.edu/~rgutier g Biweekly Office hours: TBA n Laboratories g 5 Labs Teaching Assistant g Grading scheme Mohammed Tabrez Office: 339 Russ [email protected] Weight (%) Office hours: TBA Quizes 20 Laboratory 40 Midterm 20 Final Exam 20 Microprocessor-based System Design 2 Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna Wright State University Course outline g Module I: Programming (8 lectures) g MC68000 architecture (2) g Assembly language (5) n Instruction and addressing modes (2) n Program control (1) n Subroutines (2) g C language (1) g Module II: Peripherals (9) g Exception processing (1) g Devices (6) n PI/T timer (2) n PI/T parallel port (2) n DUART serial port (1) g Memory and I/O interface (1) g Address decoding (2) Microprocessor-based System Design 3 Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna Wright State University Brief history of computers GENERATION FEATURES MILESTONES YEAR NOTES Asia Minor, Abacus 3000BC Only replaced by paper and pencil Mech., Blaise Pascal, Pascaline 1642 Decimal addition (8 decimal figs) Early machines Electro- Charles Babbage Differential Engine 1823 Steam powered (3000BC-1945) mech. Herman Hollerith,
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor
    The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor Swetha Kogatam Computer Science Department San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 408-924-1000 [email protected] ABSTRACT timed sequence through the bus system to output devices such as The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by CRT Screens, networks, or printers. In some cases, the terms Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. 'CPU' and 'microprocessor' are used interchangeably to denote the manufacturer of semiconductors. The basic architecture of 4004 same device. was developed in August 1969; a concrete plan for the 4004 The different ways in which microprocessors are categorized are: system was finalized in December 1969; and the first microprocessor was successfully developed in March 1971. a) CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers) Microprocessors, which became the "technology to open up a new b) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) era," brought two outstanding impacts, "power of intelligence" and "power of computing". First, microprocessors opened up a new a) VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word Computers) "era of programming" through replacing with software, the b) Super scalar processors hardwired logic based on IC's of the former "era of logic". At the same time, microprocessors allowed young engineers access to "power of computing" for the creative development of personal 2. BIRTH OF THE MICROPROCESSOR computers and computer games, which in turn led to growth in the In 1970, Intel introduced the first dynamic RAM, which increased software industry, and paved the way to the development of high- IC memory by a factor of four.
    [Show full text]
  • Do-It-Yourself Devices: Personal Fabrication of Custom Electronic Products
    Do-It-Yourself Devices Personal Fabrication of Custom Electronic Products David Adley Mellis SB Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2003 MA Interaction Design Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, June 2006 SM Media Arts and Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2011 Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences School of Architecture and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2015 © 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All right reserved. Author: David A. Mellis Program in Media Arts and Sciences August 7, 2015 Certified by: Mitchel Resnick LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research Program in Media Arts and Sciences Accepted by: Pattie Maes Academic Head Program in Media Arts and Sciences Do-It-Yourself Devices Personal Fabrication of Custom Electronic Products David Adley Mellis Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences School of Architecture and Planning on August 7, 2015 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract Many domains of DIY (do-it-yourself) activity, like knitting and woodworking, offer two kinds of value: the making process itself and using the resulting products in one’s life. With electronics, the sophistication of modern devices makes it difficult to combine these values. Instead, when people make electronics today, they generally use toolkits and other prototyping processes that aren’t well suited to extended use. This dissertation investigates digital fabrication (of both electronic circuit boards and enclosures) as an alternative approach to DIY electronics, one that can support individuals in both making devices and using them in their daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Programmable Digital Microcircuits - a Survey with Examples of Use
    - 237 - PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL MICROCIRCUITS - A SURVEY WITH EXAMPLES OF USE C. Verkerk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1. Introduction For most readers the title of these lecture notes will evoke microprocessors. The fixed instruction set microprocessors are however not the only programmable digital mi• crocircuits and, although a number of pages will be dedicated to them, the aim of these notes is also to draw attention to other useful microcircuits. A complete survey of programmable circuits would fill several books and a selection had therefore to be made. The choice has rather been to treat a variety of devices than to give an in- depth treatment of a particular circuit. The selected devices have all found useful ap• plications in high-energy physics, or hold promise for future use. The microprocessor is very young : just over eleven years. An advertisement, an• nouncing a new era of integrated electronics, and which appeared in the November 15, 1971 issue of Electronics News, is generally considered its birth-certificate. The adver• tisement was for the Intel 4004 and its three support chips. The history leading to this announcement merits to be recalled. Intel, then a very young company, was working on the design of a chip-set for a high-performance calculator, for and in collaboration with a Japanese firm, Busicom. One of the Intel engineers found the Busicom design of 9 different chips too complicated and tried to find a more general and programmable solu• tion. His design, the 4004 microprocessor, was finally adapted by Busicom, and after further négociation, Intel acquired marketing rights for its new invention.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Applications of Field Programmable Gate
    DISSERTATION APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS FOR ENGINE CONTROL Submitted by Matthew Viele Department of Mechanical Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2012 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Bryan D. Willson Anthony J. Marchese Robert N. Meroney Wade O. Troxell ABSTRACT APPLICATIONS OF FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS FOR ENGINE CONTROL Automotive engine control is becoming increasingly complex due to the drivers of emissions, fuel economy, and fault detection. Research in to new engine concepts is often limited by the ability to control combustion. Traditional engine-targeted micro controllers have proven difficult for the typical engine researchers to use and inflexible for advanced concept engines. With the advent of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based engine control system, many of these impediments to research have been lowered. This dissertation will talk about three stages of FPGA engine controller appli- cation. The most basic and widely distributed is the FPGA as an I/O coprocessor, tracking engine position and performing other timing critical low-level tasks. A later application of FPGAs is the use of microsecond loop rates to introduce feedback con- trol on the crank angle degree level. Lastly, the development of custom real-time computing machines to tackle complex engine control problems is presented. This document is a collection of papers and patents that pertain to the use of FPGAs for the above tasks. Each task is prefixed with a prologue section to give the history of the topic and context of the paper in the larger scope of FPGA based engine control.
    [Show full text]
  • 6809 the Design Philosophy by Terry Ritter and Joel Boney
    The 6809 ing the performance of an unwieldy bureaucratic Part 1: Design Philosophy organization. And the computer makers clearly thought that processor time was valuable too; or Terry Ritter was a severely limited resource, worth as much as Joel Boney the market would bear. Motorola, Inc. Processor time was a limited resource. But 3501 Ed Blustein Blvd. some of us, a few small groups of technologists, Austin, TX 78721 are about to change that situation. And we hope we will also change how people look at computers, This is a story. It is a story of computers in and how professionals see them too. Computer general, specifically microcomputers, and of one time should be cheap; people time is 70 years and particular microprocessor - with revolutionary counting down. social change lurking in the background. The story The large computer, being a very expensive could well be imaginary, but it happens to be true. resource, quickly justified the capital required to In this 3 part series we will describer the design of investigate optimum use of that resource. Among what we feel is the best 8 bit machine so far made the principal results of these projects was the by human: the Motorola M6809. development of batch mode multiprocessing. The computer itself would save up the various tasks it Philosophy had to do, then change from one to the other at computer speeds. This minimized the wasted time A new day is breaking; after a long slow twi- between jobs and spawned the concept of an oper- light of design the sun is beginning to rise on the ating system.
    [Show full text]
  • MOS Technology – 1974 to 1976 3 Shovel Jobs Anymore,” He Says
    C H A P T E R 11 MMOOSS TTeecchhnnoollooggyy 11997744 ttoo 11997766 i-tech companies need three players in order to succeed: a financier, a technology-God, and a juggernaut with a type-A H personality. Commodore would require these three ingredients to take them to a new level. They had Irving Gould, with his financial expertise and deep pockets. They had Jack, so aggressive people sometimes referred to him as the scariest man alive. All Commodore needed was a visionary engineer to take Commodore into a new field of technology. The Grey Wizard of the East n the 1970's, the image of a computer genius was not in the mold of I the young hacker we are familiar with today. Teenaged tycoons like Bill Gates had not filtered into the public consciousness, and WarGames (1983, MGM) was not yet released, with the prototypical computer hacker portrayed by Matthew Broderick. The accepted image of a technological genius was a middle-aged man with graying hair and glasses, preferably wearing a long white lab coat. Chuck Peddle was the image of a technology wizard, with his wire- frame glasses, white receding hairline, and slightly crooked teeth. At two hundred and fifty pounds, the five foot eleven inch engineer always struggled with his weight. Peddle describes himself at that time as “totally out of shape,” but he was characteristically optimistic and never without a joke or story to tell. Peddle possessed the ability to see further into the future than most of his contemporaries and he obsessively searched for the next big innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Units of Veritechnology Electronics Corporation
    I SNOW Build our new kit picture-in-picture TV with premium stereo sound and ) full-featured remote control. Turn to pages 4 and 5. Units of Veritechnology Electronics Corporation Dear Friends: Your Heathkit Catalog World Famous Manuals Computer tech- The new spring '89 Heathkit catalog 'n tiologv is advancing Included with each kit is one of our laster than ever. And brings a selection of line electronic world famous assenibly manuals to aid • at Heath/Zenith, we products into 'our home. You'll find every step of the way. The re writ- - always keep on top hot ii quality assembled products and ten byuor own technical writers, experts of what's hot and our own electronic kits. in the product lines, who are actively in- ' hat's new. We can' volved in the various stages of building I everything from each newproduct. poerlul business computers to the Clearly written manuals are the ultimate in laptop portables, both result of such involvement. The step-by- Zenith Data Systems and Apple Fine Assembled Products step lot-mat and large pictorials of key Computer. Plus we bring you Many of the assenibledproducts we assembly steps give even the novice printers, software and accessories feature carry another manufacturer's electronic kit builder the tools necessary from a wide variety of big-name name; others are our own. Whether they to succeed. manufacturers. At prices that other carry our name or another name, all computer chains will find hard to must meet the stringent standards of beat. our engineers and undergo the careful If you're into kit building, we testing and evaluation of our quality carr a full line ol fun-to-build controll'( )l &.'x x' Ii 5.
    [Show full text]
  • M6800 Programming Reference Manual
    M68PRM{D) Nov., 1976 M6800 PROGRAMMING REFERENCE MANUAL The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, such information does not convey to the purchaser of the product described any license under the patent rights of Motorola, Inco or others. Motorola reserves the right to change specifications without notice. EXORciser, EXORdisk, and EXORtape are trademarks of Motorola Inc. First Edition Motorola, Inc. 1976 "All Rights Reserved" ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-1 CHAPTER 2: HARDWARE DESCRiPTION 2-1 2.0 Introduction 2-1 2.1 The Basic Microcomputer Components 2-1 2.1.1 A Minimum System 2-1 2.1.1.1 MPU - Microprocessor Unit 2-2 2.1.1.2 ROM - 1024 x 8-Bit Read Only Memory 2-4 2.1.1.3 RAM - 128 x 8-Bit Static Random Access 2-4 2.1.1.4 PIA - Peripheral Interface Adapter 2-4 2.1.2 Expanding the Basic System 2-6 2.1.2.1 ACIA - Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter 2-6 CHAPTER 3: PROGRAMMING THE M6800 MiCROPROCESSOR 3-1 3.0 Machine Code 3-1 3.1 Stack and Stack Pointer 3-1 3.2 Saving MPU Status 3-3 3.3 Interrupt Pointers 3-4 3.3.1 Reset (or Power On) 3-4 3.3.2 Non-Maskable Interrupt - NMI 3-5 3.3.3 Software Interrupt - SWI 3-5 3.3.4 Interrupt Request 3-5 3.3.5 Wait Instruction - WAI 3-6 3.3.6 Manipulation of the Interrupt Mask Bit 3-6 3.3.7 Special Programming Requirements 3-7 3.3.8 Look-Ahead Feature 3-7 3.3.9 Return from Interrupt - RTI 3-7 3.4 Subroutine Linkage 3-8 3.4.1 Call Subroutine - BSR or JSR
    [Show full text]
  • P. 6 Editor's Foreword Celebrating VME's Strength and Endurance P
    p. 6 Editor’s Foreword p. 20 Special Feature Celebrating VME’s VITA Technologies strength and endurance Hall of Fame Let’s face it: what’s probably top of your mind is how to ensure your program stands the best WE INNOVATE. WE DELIVER. chance of success: getting to deployment faster, at lower cost and with less risk. That’s what your YOU SUCCEED. customers are demanding. At Abaco Systems, that’s our business. We could Find out more at abaco.com talk forever about how everything we do is or follow us @AbacoSys based on industry standards and modular, open architectures – but that’s not so important. It’s just a starting point for our innovation. What’s important is that you work with a company with the experience to back up our promises, and that’s entirely committed to your success. That company is Abaco Systems. ©2016 Abaco Systems. All rights reserved. All other brands, names or trademarks are property of their respective holders. portfolio_advert_March2016_v2.indd 1 23/03/2016 11:59 SPRING/SUMMER 2016 | VOLUME 34 | NUMBER 1 @VitaTechnology On the cover The VITA Technologies 2016 Resource Guide showcases technologies based on VITA standards, including FMC, OpenVPX, XMC/PMC, and related rugged boards, systems, and components. Featured on the cover: Annapolis Micro Systems Wild40 Ecosystem for OpenVPX 3U and Curtiss- Wright Defense Solutions AFT Cooled 3U VPX COTS System. FMC+ standard propels embedded design to new heights By Jeremy Banks, Curtiss-Wright, ADDITIONAL FEATURES » p. 10 and Jim Everett, Xilinx 20 Special Feature Jerry Gipper VITA Technology Hall of Fame 2016 DEPARTMENTS 6 Editor’s Foreword Jerry Gipper Celebrating VME’s strength and endurance 8 VITA Standards Update Jerry Gipper VITA Standards Organization activity updates Very high-speed sampling and serial ADCs in embedded systems By Thierry Wastiaux, 22 Primetime Choices » p.
    [Show full text]