Untitled Text from the Bruce Codex
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Pre-Nicene Christology in Paschal Contexts Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae Texts and Studies of Early Christian Life and Language Editors J. den Boeft – B.D. Ehrman – J. van Oort D.T. Runia – C. Scholten – J.C.M. van Winden VOLUME 123 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vcs Pre-Nicene Christology in Paschal Contexts The Case of the Divine Noetic Anthropos By Dragoş Andrei Giulea LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Giulea, Andrei-Dragos, 1975- Pre-Nicene christology in paschal contexts : the case of the divine Noetic anthropos / by Dragos Andrei Giulea. pages cm. – (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; VOLUME 123) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25169-4 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-25170-0 (e-book) 1. Jesus Christ–History of doctrines–Early church, ca. 30-600–Sources. 2. Salvation–Christianity–History of doctrines–Early church, ca. 30-600–Sources. 3. Easter–History–Sources. 4. Church history–Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600–Sources. I. Title. BT198.G627 2013 232.09'015–dc23 2013032303 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 978-90-04-25169-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25170-0 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ ⲛⲁⲧⲧⲁⲕⲟ “We worship Your incorruptible Form!” (Coptic Horologion: Service of the Sext on Good Friday) CONTENTS Acknowledgements . xiii Abbreviations. xv Introduction: Theoretical Aims and Methods . 1 1 Pascha and Divine Anthropos: The Quest for Roots and Meanings . 1 2 The Earliest Paschal Documents and Their Context . 6 3 The Present Status of the Problem . 10 4 The Statement of Procedure or Methodology . 12 PART ONE THE DIVINE ANTHROPOS OF THE PRE-NICENE PASCHAL TEXTS Introduction to Part One . 19 I The Divine Anthropos Theme in Pre-Nicene Paschal Materials . 23 1 Melito of Sardis . 24 2 Pseudo-Hippolytus . 29 3 Origen of Alexandria . 34 4 Methodius of Olympus . 37 5 Conclusion . 39 II The Roots of the “Divine Anthropos” Tradition. 41 A The Son of Man. 41 1 Yahweh as King of Glory and Divine Warrior. 41 2 The Ancient of Days, the Son of Man, and Their Human Likeness . 44 B The Archetypal Anthropos . 48 1 The Luminous Adam of Second Temple Literature . 51 2 Philo and the Invention of the Two Adams . 56 A Philo’s Logos-Anthropos . 56 B The Heavenly Man as Adam’s Noetic Paradigm . 58 3 Paul and the Synthesis between the Son of Man and the Hypostasized Divine Image . 61 viii contents 4 Paul’s Heavenly Anthropos . 64 5 Primordial Adam as Demiurge in Poimandres . 67 6 The Archetypal Anthropos of Gnosticism. 72 7 Conclusion . 81 Summary of Part One . 85 PART TWO PASCHAL CHRISTOLOGIES AND SOTERIOLOGIES Introduction to Part Two . 89 III Glory/Kabod Christology and Soteriology . 93 1 Glory Soteriology at the Paschal Festivals of Asia Minor . 94 2 Passover Night and Rabbinic Expectations of the Divine Glory.......................................................... 96 3 The Origins of Kabod Soteriology . 99 4 The Second Temple Passover and the Expectation of the Divine Light . 104 5 The Mediation of the New Testament: Identifying Christ with the Divine Glory (Kabod)................................107 6 Conclusion . 109 IV Jesus as High Priest and Lord of Hosts (Yahweh Sabaoth): Liturgical Soteriology. 111 1 Melito of Sardis . 111 2 Pseudo-Hippolytus . 113 3 Origen of Alexandria . 116 4 Liturgical Soteriology at the Temple in Jerusalem. 118 5 Liturgical Soteriology in Second Temple and Rabbinic Texts 122 6 Conclusion . 124 V Eikonic Christology and Soteriology . 127 A Paschal Materials . 127 1 Melito’s “Idiocy” and the Salvation of God’s Earthly Eikon . 128 2 Pseudo-Hippolytus . 131 A Christ, the Heavenly Eikon Which Saves His Earthly Eikon ......................................................131 contents ix B The Mystic Who Becomes Christ, the Cosmic Anthropos . 133 3 Tertullian. 134 4 Methodius of Olympus . 136 5 Conclusion . 137 B Paul and the Roots of Eikonic Christology and Soteriology . 138 1 Eikonic Anthropology: Adam as Image of God or the Royal Adam of the Priestly Source . 138 2 Pnoetico-Psychic Anthropology: The Adam of Mud and “Spirit” . 140 3 Eschatological “New Creation” in Second Temple and Post-Temple Materials . 141 4 The Eschatological Re-Creation of the Human Being in Second Temple Literature . 147 5 The Adam of Glory and the Glory of the Eschatological Human Being . 150 6 Pauline Eikonic Soteriology . 153 7 Conclusion . 157 VI Divine Warrior Christology and the Soteriology of the Divine Combat. 159 1 Melito of Sardis: The Paschal Christ as Divine Warrior . 160 2 Pseudo-Hippolytus: Paschal Liturgy and the Consumption of Christ’s Noetic Body . 161 3 Origen of Alexandria: Consuming Noetically the Noetic Body of Christ . 164 4 Pseudo-Chrysostom: Ingesting Christ’s Paschal Body . 168 5 Divine Combat and Primeval Rituals in the Bible and Ancient Near East . 170 6 The Metamorphoses of the Combat Myth in Jewish and Christian Contexts . 178 7 The Divine Warrior Myth in the Hallel Psalms and Psalm 24 181 8 Conclusion . 184 Summary of Part Two . 187 x contents PART THREE PASCHAL HERMENEUTICS AND PASCHAL EPISTEMOLOGIES Introduction to Part Three . 191 VII The Hermeneutics of a Theophanic Report—Exodus 12: Paschal Exegesis as Mystery Performance . 193 1 Jewish Precedents of Exegesis as Mystery Rite . 194 2 Melito of Sardis’s Mystery Exegesis. 195 A The Old Mystery of Pesach Performed by Moses . 195 B The Theory of Types as Connection between Two Mystery Series . 197 C Melito’s Term μυστήριον: From “Secret” to “Performance” 197 D The New Mystery: Christ.