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International Handbook on Tourism and Peace

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International Handbook on Tourism and Peace CORDULA WOHLMUTHER WERNER WINTERSTEINER (Eds.) International Handbook on Tourism and Peace Centre for Peace Research and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/ Austria in cooperation with the World Tourism Organization ( UN WTO ) DRAVA Disclaimer: e opinions contained in this publication are exclusively those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the point of view of the editors or the UNWTO. e designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not represent any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Centre for Peace Research and Peace Education of Klagenfurt Uni- versity or the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its au thorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. is book is the Yearbook Culture of Peace , edited by the Centre of Peace Research and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/Austria · Klagenfurt/Celovec, Austria www.drava.at © Copyright by Drava Verlag/Založba Drava Cover design by Walter Oberhauser, cover art by Sim Jun Han Interior design and printing by Drava Print GmbH ---- CORDULA WOHLMUTHER WERNER WINTERSTEINER Eds. International Handbook on Tourism and Peace Centre for Peace Research and Peace Education of the Klagenfurt University/ Austria in cooperation with World Tourism Organization ( UN WTO ) DRAVA Centre for Peace Research and Peace Education Printed with the support of: Forschungsrat of Klagenfurt University with sponsoring provided by the Carinthian Federal State Government Swedish Tourism Innovation Centre Austrian Federal Ministry for European and International Aairs Austrian Federal Ministry for Education, Arts and Culture TPA-Horwath Group, Tax Advisory and Auditing Services Kärntner Universitätsbund is book is published within the framework of the Project “Tourism and Peace”, an Initiative of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the Klagenfurt University, Austria and its Centre for Peace Research and Peace Education. e project is supported by the Austrian Fede- ral Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth, UNWTO and the Kärntner Sparkasse. Content Foreword ................................................................................................................................ Prologue .................................................................................................................................. Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. CORDULA W OHLMUTHER , W ERNER W INTERSTEINER Tourism and Peace – an Emerging Field of Action and Research ....................... Part I Tourism, Ethics and Peace WERNER W INTERSTEINER , C ORDULA W OHLMUTHER Peace Sensitive Tourism: How Tourism Can Contribute to Peace ....................................................................... PETER VAN DEN DUN GEN Peace Tourism ...................................................................................................................... DA WID DE VILLIERS Cornerstones for a Better World: Peace, Tourism and Sustainable Development ........................................................................................................................ Part II Tourism, Development and Peace-building RAMI ISAA C Responsible Tourism and Development in the Context of Peace-Building ..... RINA M. ALLURI , MARTINA LEI CHER , K ARSTEN P ALME , ULRI KE J ORAS Understanding Economic Eects of Violent Conicts on Tourism: Empirical Reections from Croatia, Rwanda and Sri Lanka ............................... SUSANNE F IS CHER Religious Tourism – Business for Peace in the Holy Land? ................................. NATALIA NARAN JO RAMOS Communitarian Ecotourism in the Colombian Darién and Urabá Region: An Opportunity for Peace-Building ............................................................................ EMMANUEL J. BW ASIRI e Conict Among Local People and Hunting Tourism Companies in Northern Tanzania ........................................................................................................... Part III Tourism, Democracy and Conict Resolution CRAI G W EBSTER , STANISLAV H. IVANOV Tourism as a Force for Political Stability ................................................................... NI COLE HÄUSLER , C HRISTIAN B AUM GARTNER Myanmar on its Way to Responsible Tourism Management: e Important Role of Stakeholder Dialogues ........................................................ KIPK ORIR LA GAT , SIMON W. K IARIE , P ETER NJIRAINI Tourism and Peace: e Role of Election Period Tourism Operating Procedures in Promoting Peaceful Elections in Kenya ........................................ WANTANEE SUNTI KUL , RI CHARD B UTLER War and Peace – and Tourism in Southeast Asia ................................................... PRANIL KUMAR UP ADHAYAYA Peace Sensitivity in Tourism Codes of Conduct at Destinations in Conict: A Case Study of Partnership Actions in Pokhara, Western Nepal ................... ROSALIND NE WLANDS e Role of the Tourist Guide in Promotion of Dialogue between Civilisations: South Caucasus ..................................................................... GORDON SILLEN CE Mainstreaming Sustainability through Peace-Building at Large-Scale Tourism Events – e Case of the Olympic Games ....................... Part IV Culture, Heritage and Education OMAR MOU FAKK IR, IAN KELLY Tourism as Peace Education: A Role for Interpretation ........................................ EDWARD W. LOLLIS Peace as a Destination: Peace Tourism around the World .................................. GEERT B OUR GEOIS Remembering Flanders Fields –: Commemorating the Past and Inspiring the Future .............................................. CORDULA W OHLMUTHER , W ERNER W INTERSTEINER , MIRA W AGNER Connected by the Trails that used to Divide Us: Peace Trails in the Alps-Adriatic Region ................................................................... HARALD A. F RIEDL “I Had a Good Fight with my Buddy!” Systemic Conict Training in Tourism Education as a Paradigmatic Approach to Stimulating Peace Competence ........................................................... LOUIS D’AMORE Peace through Tourism: An Historical and Future Perspective ......................................................................... Annex CORDULA WOHLMUTHER Tourism and Peace in International and Non-governmental Organisations: A Synopsis ........................................................ Editors .................................................................................................................................. Contributors ....................................................................................................................... Foreword With over one billion tourists travelling the world every year, tourism has be- come a worldwide social and cultural phenomenon that engages people of all nations as both hosts and guests. e fundamental experience of tourism – visiting a new place and meeting its people and culture – is a transformative aspect that denes tourism’s role as an agent of peace. Never before have people travelled so widely, nor encountered such a wide variety of cultures. ese connections spur dialogue and exchange, break down cultural barriers and promote the values of tolerance, mutual under- standing and respect. In a world constantly struggling for harmonious co- existence, these values espoused by tourism are integral to building a more peaceful future. Indeed, peace is the cornerstone of travel and tourism, and essential to social growth and development. It is against this backdrop that tourism has been hailed as the rst “Global Peace Industry”. Yet in spite of tourism’s positive global impact, its full potential as an inst- rument for peace remains to be realised. I trust that this International Hand- book on Tourism and Peace will help enhance our understanding of the intrin- sic relationship between the tourism sector and global peace-building eorts. Published within the framework of the project “Tourism and Peace”, an in- itiative by World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the University of Kla- genfurt in Austria, this book oers a range of perspectives from leading spe- cialists from all over the world, covering topics from sustainable development and conict resolution to ecotourism and heritage preservation. ese pages provide invaluable insights on the vital role tourism plays in paving the way towards a more peaceful planet and open new possibilities to foster tourism as an instrument of peace, and I would like to extend our deep appreciation for all those who contributed their experience and knowledge to this project. In today’s increasingly diverse and globalised world, the message of peace through tourism has never borne more signicance. By all coming together, each as Ambassadors of tourism and peace, we will continue to come closer to realising our shared vision of a better world. Taleb Rifai Secretary-General, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Prologue Today, in a world of intense changes, peace requires ever more active invest- ments, enlightened leadership, powerful educational values and a progressi- ve media world. Each and every one of these are relevant to the mission of UNESCO. e Organisation’s longstanding commitments to the development of education and sciences, the enrichment of cultural creativity, heritage and cultural futures, including a vibrant
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