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The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year

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The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year Regular Article pISSN: 2288-9744, eISSN: 2288-9752 J F E S Journal of Forest and Environmental Science Journal of Forest and Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 149-157, May, 2016 Environmental Science http://dx.doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.2.149 The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year Bo Ram Jeon1 and Hee Mun Chae2,* 1Department of Forest Environment System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea 2Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea Abstract Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990∼2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region’s society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi-temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period. Key Words: regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence, forest fire frequency, forest fire occurrence cause, forest fire occurrence pattern Introduction emerge as a global disaster. Forest fires are decrease of bio- logical diversity and increases in flood damages, and in at- Forest fires is recognized as an extremely serious issue af- mospheric pollution as CO2 emissions, also make to very fecting the forest ecosystem and are caused enormous dam- serious in the economic and social. Although it is important ages in socio-economically. The impacts of forest fire are to control a forest fire quickly, when it occurs, the pre- more important to forests ecosystem of Korea because vention of a forest fire is a more important (Kim et al. Korea’s forest ratio is at high level of 65%. According to the 2002). forest fire statistic annual report for the recent ten years The causes of forest fires can be divided into human ac- (2005∼2014), forest fire was occurred in annual average tivity and natural factors. Most forest fires in Korea occur 384 number and burned area was 630.6 ha (Korea Forest by human activity and they do not seldom occur by the nat- Service 2015). Recently, big forest fires frequently occur ural phenomenon such as lightening. Many forest fires oc- globally by the climate change and these big forest fires cur by human activity due to high population density of ko- Received: April 29, 2016. Revised: May 9, 2016. Accepted: May 13, 2016. Corresponding author: Hee Mun Chae Department of Forest Environment System, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea Tel: 82-33-250-8367, Fax: 82-33-259-5617, E-mail: [email protected] J For Env Sci 32(2), 149-157 149 The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea rea; however, such forest fire occurrence is related with var- developed. This study attempts a new approach for devel- ious weather conditions including temperature, humidity opment of the forest fire forecasting system in local level and wind velocity (Van Wagner 1987). Forest fire occur- during fire danger seasons by classifying the forest fire oc- rence in Korea is differently distributed by month, occur- currence characteristics by the region during 25 years. rence time and day of the week, and forest fire occurrence period and damaged area are different according to region Materials and Methods of korea (Lee et al. 2006). In Korea, dry duration is pro- Analysis of forest fire occurrence data during longed and many forest fires tend to occur simultaneously 25year in Korea nationwide by strong wind according to region in spring and fall seasons. The high possibilities of many forest fire This study for analysis of forest fire occurrence causes occurrence and big forest fires are gradually increasing analyzed forest fire occurrence number according to region during the forest fire danger seasons (spring and fall) (Chae for 25 years (1990 to 2014 year) using the forest fire stat- 2003). istical data of the Korea Forest Service. We investigated to In the recent, Forest fires occur frequently by climate forest fire occurrence time that is month and day based on change as continuing drought, drying weather condition. the region in korea. This study was classified 16 admin- Since the 1990s, Goseong forest fire in 1996, East Coast istrative districts for analysis of the forest fire occurrence forest fire in 2000, Cheongyang and Yesan forest fires in number based on the region in korea. The classified admin- 2002, and Yangyang forest fire in 2005 were very big forest istrative districts were as follows: six metropolitan areas fires which were caused dried weather and strong wind ve- (Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju and Busan) locity by regional characteristics. In the previous studies, and nine metropolitan municipalities (Gyeonggi–do, Chu- regional forest fire causes and characteristics of forest fire ngcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, occurrence by region were analyzed through the regional Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gangwon-do patternization of forest fire occurrence factors in Gang- Yeongseo and Gangwon-do Yeongdong). In particular, won-do (Lee et al. 2001). In the study of forest fire charac- Gangwon-do was divided into Yeongdong and Yeongseo, teristics in Korea using to forest fire statistics (Lee et al. since climate and forest fir occurrence situations are 2012), The number of forest fires were analyzed by season, different. This study analyzed regional causes and time to forest fire occurrence cause and fire occurrence timet, and forest fire occurrence through korea forest fire statistical the forest fire characteristics for the past 50 years. The analysis for 25 years (1990-2014). We divide into unit of study on forest fire occurrence situation analysis of Korea ten days (1-10 days, 11-20 days, 21-30 and 31 days) on (Lee et al. 2006) were investigated to frequency analysis to each month for analysis of more detailed forest fire occur- time for fire control and damaged area based on the stat- rence characteristics according to region. istical data of forest fire occurrence during 14 year. The na- tional institute of forest science of the Korea Forest Service Results and Discussion has developed a forest fire forecasting system since 2003, Forest fire occurrence number during 25 years in and has been doing a daily forest fire forecasting by region Korea during the forest fire danger seasons (Korea Forest Service 2015). Korea’s forest fire forecasting system predicts the The forest fire occurrence number in Korea from 1990 to degree of forest fire risk by region based on topology, forest 2014 were 10,132 number and burned area by forest fire stands and weather. The forest fire danger season of Korea was 53,386 ha. The year of most the forest fire occurrence is set up by dividing it into spring (February 1-May 15) number was 785, 729 and 630 in 2001, 2000 and 1995, and fall (November 1-December 15). respectively. The largest burned area took place in 2000, as Fire forecasting system in national level are not reflected 25,953 ha. The monthly mean number of forest fire occur- the recent climatological features by climate change. Therefore, rence was the highest in April with an increase from forest fire forecast system of local level should be February to April, and the forest fires showed a decrease af- 150 Journal of Forest and Environmental Science http://jofs.or.kr Jeon and Chae ter May. The most forest fires occurred from February to (32.2%) (Table 2). The reason why forest fire damages are May, which is the spring forest fire danger season in Korea. huge during the spring forest fire danger season is because In this spring forest fire danger season, big forest fires oc- of strong wind, dry weather, dried forest fuels and curred including Goseong forest fire in 1996, east coast for- small-scale precipitation. Many forest fires by various hu- est fire in 2000, west coast fire in 2002 and Yangyang and man activities accessing forests in spring be a main caused. Naksan Temple forest fire in 2005. In contrast with this, just 172 (1.7%) forest fires number occurred in summer (July-September) that forest fire oc- Forest fire occurrence frequency by seasonal and currence frequency was very low during in this period. monthly during 25 years in Korea Forest fire occurrence by day of the week, 1,860 forest fires Forest fire occurrence frequency from 1990 to 2014 occurred the most on Sundays, followed by 1,425 and 1,420 average 405 forest fires number occurred in each year, and forest fires on Wednesdays and Saturdays, respectively the year of most forest fires occurrence was in 2001 with (Table 3). The Forest fires in spring seasons (March-May) 785 number (7.7%), followed by 729 number (7.2%) in occurred 63.9% with 6,408 forest fires, and winter 2000 and 630 number in 1995 (6.2%). The total of forest (December-February) 2,476 forest fires (24.7%), fall fire occurrence number on 1995, 2000 and 2001 was 21.1% (September-November) 817 forest fires (8.2%) and summer of the total Korea’s forest fire occurrence number (Table 1).
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