Water Supply Sector Project: Longxan and Hom Districts

Initial Environmental Examination

September 2020

LAO: Water Supply Sector Project

Subproject: Longxan and Hom Districts, Xaisomboun Province

Prepared by the Department of Water Supply, Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 September 2020)

Currency unit – Kip (KN) KN1.00 = $ 0.00011 $1.00 = KN 9,224

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CEMP - contractor’s environmental management plan DONRE - Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOH Department of Health EARF - environmental assessment and review framework ECA environmental compliance audit EHS - environmental health and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan EPL - Environmental Protection Law GRM - grievance redress mechanism IEE - initial environmental examination LACP - land acquisition and compensation plan MOH Ministry of Health MPH - Ministry of Public Health MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPWT - Ministry of Public Works and Transport MSDS - materials safety data sheets NAPA - National Adaptation Program of Action NRW - nonrevenue water PCR - project completion report PCU - project coordination unit PIU - project implementation unit PMC - project management consultants PNP - provincial nam papa (provincial water utility) SEMR semi-annual environmental monitoring report SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 UXO - unexploded ordnance VDC - village development committee WSSP - Water Supply Sector Project WTP - water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

⁰C - degree centigrade dBA - decibel ha - hectare km - kilometer l/s - liters per second m - meter masl - meters above sea level mg/l - milligram per liter mm - millimeter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Introduction 1 B. Description of Subproject 1 C. Environmental Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 2 D. Description of the Environment 2 1. Physical Resources 2 2. Water Resources 2 3. Geology and Natural Hazards 3 4. Ecological Resources 3 5. Historical and Archaeological Sites 3 6. Unexploded Ordnance 3 7. Climate Change 3 8. Socio-Economic Conditions 4 E. Environmental Impacts 4 1. Benefits of the Subproject 4 2. Adverse Environmental Impacts 4 F. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 8 G. Grievance Redress Mechanism 9 H. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 9 II. INTRODUCTION 11 A. Description of the Project 11 B. Methodology 11 C. Project Category 11 III. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 12 A. Environmental Safeguards Policies, ADB 12 B. Legal and Institutional Framework on Environmental Management in Lao People’s Democratic Republic 12 1. Environmental Impact Assessment 12 C. Drinking Water Quality Standards and Discharge Standards 13 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS 14 A. General 14 1. Longxan District Subproject 14 2. Hom District Subproject 20 B. Connection Policy 25 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 26 A. Physical Resources 26 B. Geology and Natural Hazards 26 C. Air Quality and Noise 26 D. Climate and Water Resources 27 1. Climate Change 27 2. Longxan Subproject Water Resources 28 3. Hom Subproject Water Resources 29 E. Ecological Resources 30 F. Historical and Archaeological Sites 30 G. Unexploded Ordnance 30

H. Socio-Economic Conditions 31 1. Population 31 2. Economy 31 3. Ethnicity 32 4. Income and Poverty Levels 33 5. Education 34 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 34 A. Anticipated Benefits from the Project 35 B. Environmental Impacts Related to Location (Pre-Construction Phase) 35 1. Impact on Land Acquisition and Community Assets 35 2. Impact of Location of Raw Water Intake on other Water Users 35 3. Impact on Natural Resources and Protected Areas 35 4. Impact on Historical and Archaeological Sites 35 5. Contractor Prepares Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) 36 C. Environmental Impacts During Construction 36 1. Temporary Disruption of Community Roads, Pathways and Access to Properties 36 2. Air Pollution 37 3. Noise 37 4. Impact of Borrow Materials 37 5. Impact on Ecological Resources 38 6. Clearing of Vegetation 38 7. Water Pollution 38 8. Generation of Construction Wastes 39 9. Impact on Community Health and Safety 40 10. Occupational Health and Safety 40 11. COVID-19 Risk Management 40 D. Environmental Impacts During Operation 41 1. Incremental Wastewater Generation and Increased Burden on Drainage Systems 41 2. Deterioration of Water Quality 41 3. High Pressure and Leaks on the Pipeline 42 4. Generation of Backwash Water and Sediments in the WTP 42 5. Occupational Health and Safety 43 6. Generation of Sludge from Detention Ponds 43 7. Community Health and Safety 43 VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 43 A. Alternatives to the Subproject 43 B. Alternatives Within the Subproject 43 C. “No Project” Alternative 43 VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 44 A. Consultations and Information Disclosure during Subproject Design 44 B. Information Disclosure 45 IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 45 A. Type of Grievances 46 B. Grievance Resolution Process 46 1. Arbitration Committees 46

2. Grievance Redress Procedures 47 X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 50 A. Mitigation 50 B. Monitoring 63 C. Implementation Arrangements 67 1. Department of Water Supply - Ministry of Public Works and Transport 68 2. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) 68 3. Environmental Monitoring 69 4. Capacity Building 70 5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs 70 XI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 70

APPENDIXES

Appendix A: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklists Appendix B: Environmental Compliance Certificate for Longxan and Hom Subprojects Appendix C: Ministry of Public Health Drinking Water Quality Standards (2014) Appendix D: Provincial Government Certification for Priority Use of Nam Khone and Nam Khien Rivers Appendix E: Provincial Government Certification of No Fish Conservation Area/Zone – Nam Khone and Nam Khien Rivers Appendix F: Detailed Daily Precipitation and Temperature Data 2007–2013 Appendix G: Water Quality Monitoring Results Appendix H: UXO Certification for Longxan and Hom Subprojects Appendix I: Proceedings of Public Consultations for Longxan and Hom Subprojects Appendix J: Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template Appendix K: Environmental Management Plan (Longxan Subproject) Appendix L: Environmental Management Plan (Hom Subproject)

List of Tables

Table 1: Annual Rainfall of Longxan 29 Table 2: Monthly Rainfall in Munag Hom 29 Table 3: Population of Longxan District, 2019 31 Table 4: Population of Hom District, 2019 31 Table 5: Occupation of Heads of Households and their Spouses, Longxan District 32 Table 6: Occupation of Heads of Households and their Spouses, Hom District 32 Table 7: Population and Ethnicity (by main ethno-linguistic group), Longxan District 33 Table 8: Population and Ethnicity (by main ethno-linguistic group), Hom District 33 Table 9: Poor Households in Subproject Villages, Longxan District 33 Table 10: Poor Households in Subproject Villages, Hom District 33 Table 11: Level of Education of Heads of Households by Gender, Longxan District 34 Table 12: Level of Education of Heads of Households by Gender, Hom District 34 Table 13: Summary of Public/Stakeholders Consultations 44 Table 14: Summary of Main Concerns raised during Public Consultations 45 Table 15: Grievance Redress Procedures 48 Table 16: Individuals at Stage 1 (Subproject Village Level), Longxan District 48 Table 17: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 50 Table 18: EMP Reporting Plan 64

Table 19: Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results 66 Table 20: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management 67 Table 21: Environmental Monitoring Plan 69

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location Map of the Xaisomboun Province Subprojects (Longxan and Hom Districts) 16 Figure 2: Conceptual Design of the Proposed System, Longxan Subproject 17 Figure 3: Location of the Components of the System, Longxan Subproject 18 Figure 4: Conceptual Design of the Proposed System, Hom Subproject 23 Figure 5: Location of the Components of the System, Hom Subproject 24 Figure 6: Nam Khone catchment area 28 Figure 7: Nam Khone, June 2020 28 Figure 8: Nam Khien catchment area 30 Figure 9: Sample Complaint Letter 49

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Introduction

2. The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) and the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport, as Executing Agency together with the Provincial Nam Papas or provincial water utilities (Implementing Agency), will be responsible for identifying, prioritizing, apprising, selecting, and approving subprojects in accordance with the Government and ADB’s policies and procedures.

3. Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province have been selected as sample subprojects under the WSSP. The initial environmental examination (IEE) of the Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province subproject was undertaken in compliance with the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and the EIA Decree of April 2010. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is also included in this document.

B. Description of Subproject

4. The Project will comprise: (i) improvements to regulatory environment (ii) improvements of urban infrastructure mainly construction of two new water supply systems; and (iii) improvement of institutional effectiveness.

5. The WSSP will be implemented through a sector loan and grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) and the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport together with the Provincial Nam Papas or provincial water utilities (Implementing Agencies) will be responsible for identifying, prioritizing, appraising, selecting and approving subprojects in accordance with the Government and ADB’s policies and procedures.

6. Feasibility studies and initial environmental examination (IEE) reports were completed for the sample subprojects, namely: Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province. This IEE for the Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province subprojects presents an assessment of the environmental impacts and the detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the subproject based on pre-detailed engineering design (DED) and will be updated at DED stage. The preparation of this IEE is guided by the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of the WSSP, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009), ADB Operational Manual Section F1/BP (2013), Access to Information Policy (ADB AIP, 2018), IFC-World Bank Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, the Government of Lao PDR’s Environmental Protection Law (2013), and other Government environmental laws, policies, rules and regulations applicable for water supply projects.

C. Environmental Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

7. The law governing the protection of the environment, including the assessment and management of projects in Lao PDR is the Environmental Protection Law (EPL), which was issued in 1999 and amended in 2013.

8. Decree on Environmental Assessment, No.21/PM, January 2019: The decree is the country’s principal environmental legislation regarding Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). MONRE is central authority to coordinate with the local agencies and administration to disseminate and enforce this Decree. The Decree was enacted to implement Part III of the Law on Environment Protection, in relation to Environmental Protection and Environmental Assessment. Key feature of the Decree include:

▪ Each Development Project must ensure that any development project in Lao PDR carries out environmental assessment (EA) in accordance with the content determined in this Regulation, and any regulation of its own line ministry. ▪ All projects must prepare mitigation measure, environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP) and social management and monitoring plan (SMMP). ▪ Small scale or minor impact projects need to conduct Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). ▪ Large scale or complicated or significant impact projects need to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

9. The project screening is the first step of the environmental assessment stated in Article 8. By using the list of the project and activities that have to conduct the IEE or EIA No. 8056/MONRE, dated 17 December 2013, water supply facilities (Item 3.52) fall under Category 1 so an IEE is required by Government. The requirements for the securing of the requisite environmental compliance certificate (ECC) from DONRE, including this IEE, will be complied with and submitted to DONRE of Xaisomboun Province.

D. Description of the Environment

1. Physical Resources

10. Xaisomboun Province, to the north and east of Vientiane Province, borders on Xiengkhouang and Bolikhamxay. It has an area of 4,506 sq. km. In 2015 it was the only province with a population of under 100,000, with five districts, having an average population of 17,034. Xaisomboun was a Special Administrative Zone until December 13, 2013, when it became a province. It incorporated the former Vientiane Province district of Hom, which contained both Hom and Longxan, and created Longxan as a new district.

11. Longxan is a small town in Xaisomboun province, approximately 150 km to the east of Vientiane. The Longxan core service area has 10 core villages and Hom core area has three villages. The villages have urban characteristics and population densities that would enable a financially sustainable water supply system to operate.

2. Water Resources

12. The proposed primary raw water source is the Nam Khone River for the Longxan District Subproject. The flow of the Nam Khone River has historically always been more than sufficient

for the 3,200m3/d design capacity of the proposed new WTP, though the flow decreases significantly during the dry season.

13. The proposed raw water source is the Nam Khien River for the Hom District Subproject. The Nam Khien River is a small-sized river of width 20-25m, with variable year-round flow and turbidity but is easily adequate to supply the 3 villages without significantly reducing flow.

3. Geology and Natural Hazards

14. Small to moderate earthquakes have occurred within Lao PDR over recorded history. Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun are not among the areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. Lao PDR is also prone to flooding, mainly associated with the presence of large river basins. Eight rivers have been identified as being at particular risk of causing flooding throughout the country but the Nam Khone River and Nam Khien River are not included in the identified rivers that cause extreme flooding. The terrain within the Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun center is flat to rolling, and is not prone to landslides.

4. Ecological Resources

15. There are no components of the proposed development that will be located within a protected, conservation or biodiversity area. The location of the proposed water supply system and its components will have no impact on the Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area which is more than 20 kilometres (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject and more than 40 kilometres south of Hom District Subproject. Ibat screening was carried out that confirmed the project influence area for both subprojects is not within any protected area or key biodiversity areas.

5. Historical and Archaeological Sites

16. There are no sites that are considered as historically or archaeologically significant within the sites of the project components.

6. Unexploded Ordnance

17. A survey on the presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO) will be commissioned by the PNP Xaisomboun for Longxan and Hom Districts. Local residents have reported no known occurrence of UXO in the vicinity of the town or knowledge of ground or air strikes from which UXO may remain.

7. Climate Change

18. In Lao PDR, the most significant climate change impact is increasing frequency and severity of heavy rainfall events, and longer, more severe drought periods. The National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) for climate change was prepared for Lao PDR and submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in May 2009. (NAPA 2009 is in the process of revision and updating). The NAPA identifies priority vulnerability areas, and these include water resources. As per the NAPA, Xaisomboun Province is not situated in an identified vulnerable area. Climate change is likely to result in greater maximum and minimum water levels and greater risk of flood and drought.

8. Socio-Economic Conditions

19. Xaisomboun province is one of the most urbanized, at around 35%, and at the same time relatively sparsely populated provinces, at about 19 people per square kilometer, compared with the national figure of 27. This is because of very rapid urbanization in the past 10-15 years. Population growth has been the highest in the nation (together with Sekong) at around 3% per annum in the 2005-15 period. Net population growth data for the province shows more people coming into the province than leaving, contributing to the high growth rate. This is partially due to the influx of migrants from Bolikhamxay, who have come as resettlers because of the Nam Ngiep 1 hydropower project.

20. The proposed service area in Longxan has a total population of 12,627 and in Hom 6,569 as of 2019. Both towns have a large ethnic minority population consisting of Hmong and Khmu with significant Laoloum and Iu-Mien minorities. Ethnically diverse, The residents of towns mainly engages in engage in rice growing, animal raising, collecting NTFPs, rubber production, government service, and trade. Wildlife and forest products trade are also a major activity. The local economy is based on services, agriculture and trade in forest products.

E. Environmental Impacts

1. Benefits of the Subproject

21. There are expected beneficial impacts on health and well-being of people because of the proposed water supply project for Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province. The principal benefits would be derived because of improved accessibility to potable and reliable water supply. There are also health benefits in the form of reduced incidence of diarrhoea, dysentery, skin rashes, and other water-borne diseases as a result of hygiene promotion activities and improved access to safe water for the community.

2. Adverse Environmental Impacts

22. In general, the benefits of the subproject outweigh the anticipated negative environmental impacts. Most of the environmental impacts are expected to occur during the construction phase and could be mitigated through implementation of appropriate mitigating measures. The following paragraphs describe the expected negative impacts that have to be considered during project design and implementation.

a. Environmental Impacts Related to Location

23. Impact on land acquisition and community assets. There will be no acquisition of private land required for the development of the project component facilities (WTP, intake, reservoir, and access roads) as well as for the temporary use of land or loss or damage to assets during pipe laying. PNP Xaisomboun has acquired the governmental land for the site of the Intake, access roads, WTP, reservoir, laboratory and for the office. There will be temporary impacts on community assets during the installation of transmission and distribution pipes and construction of the access roads to the WTP and intake. A Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan (LACP) for the subprojects have been prepared separately to ensure that any loss of land or damage to property is properly addressed.

24. Impact of location of raw water intake on other water users. The raw water intakes will be located on the bank of Nam Khone River in Longxan District and Nam Khien River in Hom District. It is projected that the location of the intakes, will not affect nor impact other water users of the rivers as both Nam Khone River and Nam Khien River have substantial annual flow. The Nam Khone River Intake is an estimated 6 kilometres and Nam Khien River Intake is an estimated 5 kilometres respectively from the nearest sensitive receptor (nearest settlement area). Moreover, the raw water intakes are not located near any existing Fish Conservation Zone (FCZs) and design has taken into account no harm to fishes as such, is projected not to impact the aquatic resources in the waterway during any phase of the subproject implementation.

25. Impact on natural resources and protected areas. The location of the proposed water supply systems and their components will have no impact on forests or protected areas or the Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area which is more than 20 kilometres (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject and more than 40 kilometres south of Hom District Subproject.

26. Impact on historical and archaeological sites. The proposed development will have no impact on any historical and archaeological sites.

27. Unexploded ordnance. Unexploded ordnance (UXO) survey and clearance will be commissioned by PIU to certify that the location of the proposed subproject and its components will not impact any unexploded ordnance. No works will be allowed to commence prior UXO clearance has been acquired and corresponding EMP have been cleared by ADB and the respective CEMP has also been approved by the PIU and PCU and is in place.

b. Environmental Impacts during Construction

28. Most of the anticipated impacts are related to nuisances which may occur during the construction of the subproject components such as temporary disruption of access and community facilities, noise, and release of dust and pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. The EMP, which is summarized in Chapter 10, includes mitigating measures and will be included as part of the civil works bidding and contract documents. The effective implementation of the EMP/CEMP will reduce these risks to an acceptable level.

29. Temporary disruption of community roads, pathways, and access to properties. During trench excavation and pipe laying works, temporary disruption of access to residential and commercial establishments, schools, and community facilities will occur. To mitigate this, temporary accesses to houses and other establishments will be built using sturdy materials. The contractors will restore any damaged sections to properties. The contractors will be required to provide warning signs and barriers/fence at work sites. Temporary closure or blockage of roads will occur during the excavation and pipe laying activities at pipe and road intersections. Information boards will be posted to provide information to the community about the temporary closure of roads, the schedule of works, and the traffic-rerouting plan. During night time, the excavated area should be covered with plates and provided with adequate lighting to warn villagers about the open excavation. Following completion of pipe laying, good quality permanent access will be restored by the contractors on any damaged road and path sections.

30. Air pollution. The main sources of air pollution are operation of machines, excavation works, and materials and equipment transportation. An increase in dust concentration near construction areas is expected within about 50m around the project sites. Winds may carry soil particles to nearby areas, if no preventative measures are applied. The contractors will be

required to implement measures to control air emissions and dust from the affected sensitive receptors like residential areas, schools, clinics and offices.

31. Noise. The operation of equipment such as jackhammer for the installation of water supply distribution network may cause noise nuisance to nearby residential houses and commercial buildings. There may also be a need to utilize diesel generators during the construction period. Noise levels may reach 88dBA at a distance of about 15m away from the source or operation of construction equipment. Along roads used for material transport, the average noise level will also rise because of increased truck traffic. To avoid noise nuisance, construction operations will only take place during daytime hours from 0700H to 1800H.

32. Impact of borrow materials. The construction activities for all components of the project, including the access roads will require material, specifically sand and aggregate for the works. The sourcing of these materials from the Nam Khone River and Nam Khien River will not be permitted as the mining/quarrying activities may irreversibly impact the ecology and hydraulic characteristics of the waterway. The contractors will be required to secure these materials from Government permitted/licensed suppliers.

33. Clearing of vegetation. Vegetation cover at the proposed sites of the Intake, WTP, clear water reservoir, proposed office and laboratory and access roads will have to be removed during construction. Impact of vegetation clearing will be minimal because the current vegetation cover at these sites only consists of bushes, shrubs and bamboo. The site where the WTP and reservoir is situated is relatively flat ground and is not projected to contribute to erosion in the area and will not require major cutting of slopes. The water supply distribution network will affect some trees that have been planted by communities in front of their houses. As per the LACP, there are no trees that needs to be removed for the installation of the pipelines and related works. Affected trees in private land will be compensated in cash in accordance with the LACP.

34. Sediment runoff. When construction activities (particularly earthworks) are undertaken during the rainy season, sediments may erode and cause the runoff of silt into the river. To minimize the impacts of soil runoff, the contractors will be required to implement proper measures, such as the provision of silt traps, ditches, and sump pits to block the flow of silt into irrigation canals and the river. In addition, earthworks will be scheduled during the dry season to the extent practicable to avoid silt runoff.

35. Domestic wastewater from worker’s camp. If domestic wastewater is disposed untreated, the wastewater could lead to the contamination of surface and groundwater and lead to the spread of water-borne diseases. Therefore, appropriate wastewater management measures should be implemented during the construction phase to prevent sanitation problems through the provision of adequate water supply and latrines at the worker’s camp.

36. Residual chlorine during pipeline and reservoir disinfection. Chlorinated water is retained in the completed pipe works and reservoirs for a designated period to develop sanitary conditions. The standards require 25 – 50 g/m3 chlorine residual held for a period of time, normally 12 – 24 hours. Extra caution is needed in disposing water with excessive chlorine residual since this is toxic to fish and other aquatic life. When the chlorine concentration of the water in the pipelines and reservoirs has been reduced to less than 2 mg/l, it will be discharged into the nearest water body. The allowable limit for Chlorine (free residual) as per the Ministry of Public Health Drinking Water Quality Standards of 2014 is 0.1-2.0 mg/l.

37. Generation of construction wastes. The construction of the proposed WTP and reservoir will require earthworks and levelling of the area. The excavation for the pipe laying will also generate material. The excavated material will be utilized to backfill the trench once the pipes have been laid out. Excavated material from the foundation of the WTP tanks and reservoir will be utilized to backfill other work sites where required. Domestic solid waste at the construction camp is not anticipated to be of a significant volume because only small temporary camps will be provided at the sites of the WTP and reservoir and none at the sites for the intake, transmission and distribution pipes. However, proper waste disposal methods should be employed to avoid pollution of land and adjacent water resources. Solid waste will be collected and properly disposed in the local disposal site of the District. Hazardous wastes such as paint containers and solvents and spent batteries are generated by construction activities, but in specific sites such as the intake, WTP and reservoir, no such waste is projected to be generated. Although the quantities are anticipated to be minimal, this type of waste is detrimental to the environment and public health and as such will be segregated from the general solid waste, collected and disposed for appropriate treatment.

38. Occupational health and safety. The contractors through a site safety plan will address hazards during civil works and implement measures to manage risks on construction sites from COVID-19.1 The contractors will be required to appoint a safety supervisor who will ensure that safety measures during civil works are implemented. These safety measures include the use of personnel protective clothing and equipment (PPE), installation of the requisite hazard warning signs, and excavation covers and barriers. Arrangements for prompt medical attention in the event of accidents will also be made. The contractors will be required to: (i) undertake priority hiring of qualified construction workers from the villages, (ii) consult with local people to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the site, (iii) install suitable toilets such as pit latrines and grey water drainage facilities such as soakage pits, (iv) arrange for the proper disposal of solid wastes, (v) brief workers and the villagers on the dangers of communicable diseases, and (vi) assign a senior member of his staff to be responsible for the workers and local peoples’ welfare. In addition, during the disinfection of water distribution lines, only staff who have had experience and proper training and are aware of the potential health hazards associated with chlorinating agents will be involved in such activity.

c. Environmental Impacts during Operation

39. Incremental wastewater generation and increased burden on drainage systems. Households receiving new water supply connections are likely to use more water for cooking and washing. The current condition and lack of well-designed drainage system in the villages will result in small quantities of grey water or sullage forming ponds of dirty water which may provide habitats for mosquitoes and pose health hazard to the communities. This impact will be primarily addressed through the drainage improvement and public awareness raising initiatives under the village improvement activities. As a project policy, households will have free water connection if the household has an approved sanitation facility to cope with the increased wastewater generated.

40. Deterioration of water quality. The quality of the raw water may deteriorate particularly if there are human activities at the upstream catchment area that may cause contamination of the river water. This may affect the efficiency of the WTP and the resulting quality of the treated water. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and PNP will continuously coordinate with the villages and

1 Guidance on managing risk from COVID-19 on construction sites and workers’ housing, ADB recommendation, June 2020.

Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province authorities regarding community activities in the catchment area to ensure that said activities will not cause contamination of raw water. Laboratory testing equipment and training will also be provided to allow the PNP to conduct regular monitoring of raw and treated water quality parameters.

41. High pressure and leaks on the pipeline. Some of the network is located on low elevation, potentially exposed to high water pressure and leaks. This risk is minimized by: (i) the use of durable standard pipes for the main and secondary (rider mains) lines, (ii) use of pressure reducing valves for the rider mains, (iii) careful construction supervision by the PMCto ensure that pipe laying and jointing is done with the highest standard by the contractors, and (v) regular inspection of the network and prompt isolation and repair when leaks occur.

42. Generation of backwash water and sediments at the WTP. During the operation of the WTP, back wash water and sludge removed from the sedimentation tanks contains sediments and other pollutants that have been removed from the raw water during treatment. Discharging the sludge directly into land or river may result in deterioration of the condition of the receiving environment. As mitigation to eliminate this adverse impact, detention ponds have been included in the design of the WTP.

43. Occupational health and safety. Water treatment will involve the use of coagulants/flocculants and chlorine that will expose WTP personnel to hazards during chemical handling. Risks associated with these chemicals will be minimized by: (i) providing secure, dry and appropriately ventilated storage facilities for hazardous chemicals, (ii) use of chemicals in powder form, (iii) posting of the Materials Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) of these chemicals in the chemical storage area and chemical mixing tank area for information of workers, and (iv) training of staff and designation of responsible person on the handling of these chemicals.

44. Generation of sludge from detention ponds. The sludge that will generated from the detention ponds will be dredged and disposed as backfill material in low lying areas to be identified by the village leaders.

45. Community health and safety. The facilities that will be constructed will be properly fenced off and secured to restrict access and intrusion of unauthorized personnel. Watchmen/security personnel will be hired to secure the facilities on a 24 hour basis. This would eliminate the safety risks to the community.

F. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

46. During the preparation of the IEE one district coordination meeting and 10 village meetings for Longxan subproject were held in February 2020. For Hom subproject one combined district and 3 villages meeting at district meeting hall in February and March, 2020. Due to the COVID- 19 pandemic the government of Laos issued strict restrictions for travelling and public gatherings, therefore the number of participants was lower than during normal situation. The participants were requested to share the information of the meetings with their subordinates and their fellow villagers.

47. Stakeholders who participated during the public consultation process included villagers, local government officers and staff. The consultations were conducted to discuss with the stakeholders the proposed project and the modifications from the original design and also to elicit the environmental concerns/issues of the community on the proposed project. In general, consultees were of the view that the project would result in more benefits than negative impacts.

The people are willing to connect to the water supply project because of the improvement in their living conditions. During project implementation, communities within the subproject impact areas should be appropriately and in a timely manner, informed of the construction activities particularly those which are likely to cause noise and dust nuisance, disruption to roads and pathways.

G. Grievance Redress Mechanism

48. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) was developed in compliance with the National regulations of the Government of Lao PDR (GoL) and with ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (2009). The GRM will provide the means to resolve grievance and complaints in a timely and satisfactory manner. Essential features of the GRM are: (i) resolution takes place as quickly as possible, (ii) all affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, (iii) all persons with concerns about the environment are also entitled to lodge their complaints and seek redress, (iv) the community will be informed about the detailed grievance redress procedures through public information campaigns, (v) complaints can be made verbally or in written form, (vi) complainants will not incur administrative fees or costs of legal representation, (vii) the GRM uses existing village arbitration units, namely, the village chief and/or deputy chief, village elders and village representatives of the Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, and the police, (viii) the arbitration unit is responsible for settling disputes between villagers through conciliation and negotiation and will be supported at district level, (ix) all complaints and resolutions will be properly documented and will be available for public review and monitoring and will be incorporated into safeguard monitoring reports. The details of the PIU, GRM Focal Contact Persons and Construction Manager will be prominently displayed in the respective construction areas for the reference of the affected communities/persons. Complaints and grievances can be directly filed, both written and verbal, to the concerned entities. This will provide alternative entry points to the village complaint system. The procedures for the GRM are outlined in Section 9 of this IEE.

H. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

49. The EMP has been prepared for both subprojects, outlining the institutional responsibilities and management arrangements to ensure effective implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures. The bid documents will include the requirement to incorporate necessary resources to implement the EMP. Separate draft EMPs for updating at DED stage have been prepared for this purpose and are in appendixes K and L respectively. The EMP will form part of the contract document, and the Contractor will be required to prepare a site specific EMP (CEMP) based on the scope of works, the contractor’s method statements, staffing schedule and construction period. The Contractor will also develop a site-specific health and safety plan.

50. Throughout the construction period, the contractors will submit monthly environmental compliance progress reports to the PNP with a copy furnished to the PIU. The contractors should be able to highlight the summary of the progress of construction, activities undertaken to implement the measures outlined in the environmental management and monitoring plan, record any community complaints received and how the complaint was eventually resolved. The PIU will consolidate the results of the monthly environmental monitoring through a quarterly progress report that will be submitted to the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) which is based at the Department of Water Supply of the MPWT. The quarterly report will (i) summarize the significant findings and measures undertaken to address identified adverse environmental impacts during the works, (ii) discuss any unanticipated environmental impacts encountered during the subject monitoring period and (iii) recommend remedial actions to address these unanticipated environmental impacts.

51. Copies of the quarterly progress report prepared by the PIU will be provided to the members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee and the District Governor. PCU will consolidate information from quarterly progress reports, compile and submit Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Reports (SEMR) to ADB.

52. The implementation of the EMP during the operational phase of the subproject will be undertaken by the PNP, with verification by the PCU who will report to ADB the project’s adherence to the EMP, information on project implementation, and environmental compliance through semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. The monitoring parameter during the operational phase, as outlined in the EMP, includes monitoring of water quality at the inlet of the WTP and of the treated water.

53. Conclusion and Recommendation. This IEE for the Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province subprojects was undertaken to determine the environmental issues and concerns on the proposed water supply system subproject. This assessment confirms that the subproject is classified as Category B for environment based on ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009).

54. In general, the subproject will result in beneficial impacts on health and well-being of the people because of improved accessibility to potable and reliable water supply. There are also health benefits in the form of reduced incidences of water-related diseases as a result of hygiene promotion activities and improved access to safe water for the community. Most of the adverse environmental impacts are expected to occur during the construction phase of the implementation of the subproject. However, these environmental impacts are not projected to cause irreversible and significant adverse environmental impacts and can be readily managed by the establishment of appropriate and conventional mitigation measures. Based on the assessment of environmental impacts, the anticipated impacts during project implementation are related to nuisances which may occur during the construction of the subproject components such as temporary disruption of access, and community facilities, noise, sediment runoff, generation of excavated/surplus material and release of dust and engine gas emission. The IEE concludes that the subproject combined with available information on affected environment is sufficient to identify the scope of environmental impacts of the subproject. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

55. The EMP will be in the civil works bid and contract requirements of the contractors. Selected contractor will also be required to prepare a site specific EMP (CEMP) to develop a site- specific health and safety plan. Contractor is responsible for the costs required to the implementation of CEMP. Effective implementation of the EMP and monitoring and inspection of construction work sites and during operation will reduce potential environmental risks to an acceptable level. The EMP also presents the institutional responsibilities for implementing the mitigation and monitoring measures during construction and operation.

56. An environmental monitoring plan has been provided to which includes a comprehensive regular water quality sampling and monitoring. This will be undertaken to ensure water quality is maintained according to the prevailing the Lao PDR standards. In addition, grant covenants will require: (i) testing and monitoring of water quality in subproject towns, and (ii) long term strategy on capacity building with regards monitoring water quality and applying good practices to treat water to acceptable Ministry of Health standards. The operations and maintenance manuals will include mitigation and monitoring measures in line with EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation to address key environment, health and safety risks during operation.

II. INTRODUCTION

A. Description of the Project

57. The Water Supply Sector Project (WSSP) aims to work with the DWS in establishing a sector performance benchmarking program, which can be used to continually monitor and improve operations and services. The Project will also strengthen the capacity of DWS and participating Nam Papas (PNPs) in corporate governance, O&M, and service delivery. The urban infrastructures will be improved by construction of public latrines and access to safe piped water supply will be improved through rehabilitation and improvement of the existing and construction of new water supply water supply facilities. The project is consistent with the Government’s urban water supply and sanitation sector policy and investment plan and supports the country’s targets for piped water supply for urban population.

58. The WSSP will be implemented through a sector loan and grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) and the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport together with the Provincial Nam Papas or provincial water utilities (Implementing Agencies) will be responsible for identifying, prioritizing, appraising, selecting and approving subprojects in accordance with the Government and ADB’s policies and procedures. Feasibility studies and initial environmental examination (IEE) reports were completed for the sample subprojects, namely: Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province.

59. This IEE for the Longxan and Hom Districts of Xaisomboun Province subproject presents an assessment of the environmental impacts and the detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the subproject based on pre- (DED) and will be updated at DED stage. The preparation of this IEE is guided by the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of the WSSP, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009), ADB Operational Manual Section F1/BP (2013), Access to Information Policy (ADB AIP, 2018), IFC-World Bank Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, the Government of Lao PDR’s Environmental Protection Law (2013), and other Government environmental laws, policies, rules and regulations applicable for water supply projects. The completed Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist is presented in Appendix A.

B. Methodology

60. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is prepared according to the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of the WSSP, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009), ADB Operations Manual Section F1/P, Access to Information Policy (ADB AIP, 2018), International Finance Corporation - World Bank Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, and the GoL Environmental Protection Law (2013), and other environmental laws, policies, rules and regulations applicable for water supply projects. The potential impacts have been analyzed and mitigation measures identified following site visits to the locations of the subproject component facilities and service area in February and March 2020. The visits included an assessment of the proposed sites, discussions with Provincial and District officials and village representatives.

C. Project Category

61. The requisite screening was carried out during the preparation phase of the WSSP using the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist. The WSSP was classified

Environment Category B requiring the preparation of IEE and EMP. This IEE confirms the subproject remains Category B. The potential adverse environmental impacts are site-specific, reversible, and can be readily mitigated via an environmental management and monitoring plan (EMP/CEMP).

III. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Safeguards Policies, ADB

62. The environment safeguards requirements of ADB are presented in the following guidelines:

▪ Safeguard Policy Statement (2009); ▪ Operations Manual Section F1/P2; and ▪ Access to Information Policy (2018).

63. The Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) of the Bank governs the environmental and social safeguards of ADB’s operations. When a project has been identified for ADB financing, it is screened and categorized to determine the following:

▪ Significance of potential impacts or risks of the project to the environment; ▪ Level of assessment and institutional resources required to address the safeguard issues; and ▪ Information disclosure and consultation requirements.

64. The SPS outlines the environmental safeguards requirements that borrowers/clients have to comply with. These requirements include assessing impacts, planning and managing impact mitigations, preparing environmental assessment reports, disclosing information and undertaking stakeholder consultations, establishing a grievance redress mechanism, and monitoring and reporting. It also includes specific environmental safeguard requirements pertaining to biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, pollution prevention and abatement, occupational and community health and safety, and conservation of physical cultural resources. Consideration of associated facilities, that are not funded as part of the project, and whose viability and existence on the project is also required. ADB requires meaningful consultation with affected persons and concerned stakeholders and public information disclosure for Category A and B projects. For Category B, the draft IEE report should be available to interested stakeholders before project approval and posted on the ADB’s website upon Board approval of a project in accordance with the Operations Manual and Access to Information Policy (2018).

B. Legal and Institutional Framework on Environmental Management in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

1. Environmental Impact Assessment

65. The law governing the protection of the environment, including the assessment and management of projects in Lao PDR is the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) No. 29/NA (December 2012), which was issued in 1999 and amended in 2012. Decree No. 21/GOL (31

2 Operations Manual Bank Policies (BP) issued on 1 October 2013, based on ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009.

January 2019) known as the Decree on the Assessment of Environment Impacts was issued by MONRE is the country’s principal environmental legislation regarding Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). MONRE is central authority to coordinate with the local agencies and administration to disseminate and enforce this Decree. The Decree was enacted to implement Part III of the Law on Environment Protection, in relation to Environmental Protection and Environmental Assessment.

66. The Law on Water and Water Resources of 2009 was amended on 11 May 2017. The Water Supply Law (2009 as amended on 11 May 2017) allocates priority to water supply. It defines a principle of water supply activities, as the coordination of all sectors and localities concerned in joint using of water sources by giving priority to water supply production.

67. The amendments to the Law aim to develop water resources in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner and in accordance with the international best practice to ensure the protection of water resources and ecosystems. New provisions have been added on water rights and use, including waste-water discharge permits, wetlands and water-resources protection, ground-water management, and reservoir management. Additionally, the amended Law expands the terms and conditions of large, medium, and small-scale uses and includes articles on environmental flows for hydropower as well as stipulations related to irrigation use.

68. The project screening is the first step of the environmental assessment stated in Article 8. By using the list of the project and activities that have to conduct the IEE or EIA Ministerial Agreement No. 8056, known as the Ministerial Agreement on the Endorsement and Promulgation of List of Investment Projects and Activities Requiring for Conducting the Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental and Social Impact Assessment as issued by MONRE on 17 December 2013, water supply facilities (Item 3.52) fall under Category 1 so an IEE is required by Government. The Decree states that all investment projects that may create adverse environmental and social impacts are to be designed with the correct and appropriate environmental and social impact prevention and mitigation measures or environmental management and monitoring plans (EMP) and social management and monitoring plans (SMMP). According to the decree, the primary responsibility for undertaking environmental assessment of projects is with the project developers, which for this subproject, is the Department of Water Supply (DWS). The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), acting through the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), is responsible for the review and approval of environmental assessment reports, coordination of monitoring and evaluation, and issuance of the requisite environmental compliance certificates (ECC). Public participation and discussion with local administrations is required throughout the environmental assessment process. Several discussions and meetings have been undertaken with DONRE for the purpose of complying with the EIA requirements of the GoL. The Environmental Compliance Certificate (No. 1293/DONRE. Dated 26.08.2020) has been provided by the DONRE with regard to the IEE and EMP, refer to Appendix B.

C. Drinking Water Quality Standards and Discharge Standards

69. The Ministry of Public Health (MOH) has issued the Water Quality Standard for Management for Drinking and Domestic Use in March 2014 in accordance with Decision 561/MOH, 2014. The standard is based on the World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, which is recommended by IFC’s EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation. The MOH has the institutional mandate for overseeing and monitoring drinking water quality in Lao PDR, while the PNPs (operators) are responsible for ensuring compliance with the standard. The MOH Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2014, stipulate that PNPs are required to conduct regular

water quality monitoring and testing of 23 water quality parameters. The standards specify that up to 7 parameters must be tested weekly and an additional two parameters tested on a monthly basis, with an additional 14 parameters to be tested on an annual basis. The list of monitoring parameters is listed in Table 3 of the said water quality standards. Refer to Appendix C.

70. At this stage of Lao PDR’s access to the laboratory infrastructure necessary to conduct this level of testing across the country does not exist. There are two known laboratories, but both have produced suspect results in the past. Consequently, most of the samples under ADB-funded projects over the past couple of decades have been tested in Thailand, which is logistically quite difficult.

71. At this time DWS has agreed with the PNPs to focus on three parameters for routine testing of treated water – pH, turbidity and residual chlorine at the extremity of the distribution network to keep the water supply safe for consumption. To supplement this testing, PNPs will take samples once or twice per year for testing in one of the laboratories in the country; the tests are conducted for a full range of parameters as set out in the MOH standard. It would be wise for the PNPs to have these samples tested in Thailand until such time as the laboratory infrastructure in Lao PDR is sufficiently developed.

72. National Wastewater Quality Standards have been adopted based on the Environmental Protection Law No.29/NA, dated December 18, 2012 and the Decree on National Environment Standard dated 81/GV, dated 21 Feb. 2017 and 0832/MONRE. The standards relate to drinking water quality (groundwater); surface water quality; and wastewater effluent discharge from industrial activities. This includes biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 40 mg/l and total suspended solids (TSS) of 40 mg/l. Detention ponds are incorporated into the design to ensure backwash water is discharged into the environment at much lower levels.

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS

A. General

73. The Water Supply Sector Project (WSSP) aims to work with the DWS in establishing a sector performance benchmarking program, which can be used to continually monitor and improve operations and services. The Project will also strengthen the capacity of DWS and Xaisomboun Nam Papa (PNP) in corporate governance, O&M, and service delivery. The access to safe piped water supply in Longxan and Hom district towns will be improved by construction of a new water supply water supply system for both district towns. Figure 1 shows the Location Map of the Xaisomboun Province Subprojects (Longxan and Hom Subprojects).

1. Longxan District Subproject

a. Overview of the Subproject

74. The Longxan subproject will integrate measures to improve future non-revenue water (NRW) reduction, as part of the development of new water supply infrastructure in order to ensure sufficient and efficient water supply in the Longxan urban area. The proposed network will be split into DMA’s using boundary valves and bulk meters for flow measurement into each zone. The proposed water supply development plan will provide treated water from the Nam Khone River to household connections in 10 villages (2019 population of 12,627). From the base 2019

population, and a projected average population growth of 4% up to 2034 and 3% thereafter, a 3,200m3/d total required treatment capacity is estimated for the design year 2039.

75. A new 3,200m3/d WTP will be constructed with conventional treatment processes. The proposed distribution network will operate in one primary, gravity-fed distribution system from a clear water reservoir at the WTP site with a total capacity of 1,100m3. The distribution network will include approximately 36.8km of new main distribution pipeline and 60km of rider mains. With the free connection program, approximately 2,550 new domestic service connections are projected for the commissioning year in 2024. Figure 2 shows the conceptual design of the proposed system while Figure 3 shows the location of the components of the system.

b. Proposed Raw Water Intake and Transmission

76. The proposed raw water intake will be a well intake on the Nam Khone River delivering raw water via gravity through a DN280 HDPE pipe to a pump station 2.2km from the intake. The intake will be formed from three vertical screens in the river, delivering water to a chamber on the riverbank. From here the pumps deliver raw water 3.9km to the WTP via HDPE DN250 pipe. From PNP reports, invasive aquatic plants and siltation are not a problem at the proposed intake site on the Nam Khone River.

Figure 1: Location Map of the Xaisomboun Province Subprojects (Longxan and Hom Districts)

HOM SUBPROJECT

LONGXAN SUBPROJECT

Figure 2: Conceptual Design of the Proposed System, Longxan Subproject

Figure 3: Location of the Components of the System, Longxan Subproject

77. A chamber intake structure will be constructed with three vertical stainless steel cylindrical screens, with sufficient capacity to provide a maximum of 3,200m3/d via approximately 2.2km of DCI DN280 gravity main delivered to a pumping station downstream. The chamber will have 2 compartments so that one can be cleaned whilst the other is in operation. A drain will discharge back to the Nam Khone River downstream of a nearby irrigation weir.

78. The pump station will include 2 duty and one standby submersible raw water pumps, and shall be installed with guide rails and auto-couplings to enable easy removal for maintenance. Pipe appurtenances such as valves will be provided to facilitate the proper operation and maintenance of the intake and raw water system.

c. Proposed Water Treatment Plant

79. The proposed new WTP is located 500m east of the District office in Phonlao village near the boundary of Xamkhon village, on District-owned land. The size of the available area is large enough.

80. The proposed new WTP will be designed with conventional treatment processes. In addition, to improve the clarification process during the rain seasons with high raw water turbidity, settling tubes are proposed for the sedimentation process. The settling tubes will significantly improve the solids settling rate in the sedimentation tank, and ensure a constant quality of water even during turbidity peaks.

81. The proposed WTP facilities will comprise:

▪ 3,200m3/d of raw water main from the Nam Khone River to WTP at peak design year 2039. Initially upon commissioning in 2024 this will be 1,940m3/d. ▪ During the peak design year it is expected that about 3,200m3/d water will be treated in the proposed WTP. ▪ Flocculation tank: two chambers with five channels each, designed for a detention time of 15-30 minutes (19.5 minutes attained). Total estimated operational interior dimensions of each chamber are 4m wide x 4.2m long (to end of channel 5 wall) x average channel depth 1.8m. The calculated design headloss across each floc tank at peak flow is 0.36m. ▪ Sedimentation tank: two chambers sized for a SLR of 24m2/m3/d (1m/hr) and detention time of 4 hours, with allowances for installation of lamella tubes. Estimated operational dimensions of each chamber are 16m x 4m by 4m deep, with tube settlers installed in the final 4.5m of the chamber ▪ Filter tank: two new rapid sand filters with filter media depth (sand only) of 1m and area 13.3m2 each (4m x 3.4m), at a filtration rate of 5m3/m2/hr. ▪ Air blower for new WTP and one chlorine dosing area. ▪ Laboratory and PAC mixing house: estimated area of 56 m2. ▪ Backwashing storage: designed for one cycles per day (of 2 filters) at 15 minutes per cycle with loading rate of 30 m3/h/m2. Estimated volume is 80m3, to be pumped from the CWT to an elevated backwash tank, and gravity fed via a PRV to the filter. ▪ Detention pond: sized for the largest cleaning/wash water requirement of the facilities (1 of the 2 sedimentation tanks). The effective capacity is 192m3. At 1.5m deep, the required area is 128m2.

82. The WTP will be designed to operate for 24 hours per day. All tanks and reservoirs will be constructed of reinforced concrete unless otherwise specified during the detailed design phase.

d. Water Storage

83. The total operational volume of water storage was sized at eight hours of MDD with allowances for 12 l/s fire flow for two hours (Medium Town 20,000-50,000 people) and daily backwashing for half of the filters at 15 minutes per cycle with 30 m3/m2/h washing rate. The total required clear water storage volume is 1,100 m3 at the WTP.

e. Pumping Station

84. No pump stations other than the raw water pump station will be required for the subproject. This will be a sump with 2 submersibles (1 duty one standby) with each pump rated for a flow of 3,200m3/d (37.0l/s).

f. Distribution network

85. The main distribution network will be supplied by gravity flow from the proposed CWT at the proposed WTP site, and 1 proposed break pressure tank supplying Ban Phonmouang and Phoupaman. The development plan requires an estimated 36.8km of new distribution pipeline (between DN110 and DN315) and 60km of rider mains. Appurtenances such as gate valves, air valves, and wash-out valves will be provided to facilitate the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. District metering area (DMA) water meters and gate valves will be installed in appropriate locations; at the minimum DMA water meters will be located at the outlet of the sub- distribution areas. The number of DMA meters will be determined during the detailed design phase.

g. Access Roads

86. An access road to the WTP will be provided (gravel road 4m in width and approximately 200m in length). An additional gravel access road will be constructed to the intake structure on the Nam Khone River (200 m in length).

h. O&M Equipment

87. Equipment for O&M of the water supply systems will be procured for the Longxan branch Nam Papa (BNP), including basic tools, laboratory equipment and office equipment to be installed at the new WTP.

2. Hom District Subproject

a. Overview of the Subproject

88. The Hom subproject is the development of new water supply infrastructure in order to ensure sufficient and efficient water supply in the Hom urban area. The proposed water supply development plan will provide treated water from the Nam Khien River to household connections in 3 villages (2019 population of 6,569). From the base 2019 population, and a projected average population growth of 3.5% to 2032 and 3% thereafter, a 1,800m3/d total required treatment capacity is estimated for the design year 2038.

89. The development works will entail the construction of a new 1,800m3/d WTP with conventional treatment processes. The proposed distribution network will operate in one distribution system from 1 clear water reservoir of 600m3 at the WTP site. The distribution network

will include approximately 9.6km of new main distribution pipeline and 40km of rider mains. With the free connection program, approximately 1,100 new domestic service connections are projected for the commissioning year in 2023. Figure 4 shows the conceptual design of the proposed system while Figure 5 shows the location of the components of the system.

b. Proposed Raw Water Intake and Transmission

90. From PNP reports, invasive aquatic plants and siltation are not a problem at the proposed intake site on the Khien River.

91. A weir across the Khien river, approximately 10m, with a channel feeding a well will be constructed, delivering raw water via gravity through a DN160 HDPE pipe to the pump station WTP. Pipe appurtenances such as valves will be provided to facilitate the proper operation and maintenance of the intake and raw water system.

92. Screens on the intake channel will provide protection against most invasive aquatic plants; with regular maintenance, aquatic plants will not be an issue in the treatment plant.

c. Proposed Water Treatment Plant

93. The proposed new WTP is located in the south western corner of Homthat village, on District-owned land. The size of the available area is large enough, and the proposed facilities can fit into the area, which is relatively flat.

94. The proposed new WTP will be designed with conventional treatment processes. A pre- sedimentation tank will be provided, mainly for use during the wet season. In addition, to improve the clarification process during the rain seasons with high raw water turbidity, settling tubes are proposed to supplement the sedimentation process. The settling tubes will significantly improve the solids settling rate in the sedimentation tank, and ensure a constant quality of water even during turbidity peaks.

95. The proposed WTP facilities will comprise:

▪ 1,800m3/d of raw water pumped from intake weir in the Nam Khien to pre- sedimentation tank at peak design year 2038. Initially upon commissioning in 2023 this will be 950m3/d. Two parallel pre-sedimentation tanks with loading rate of 96m3/m2/d (4m/hr) of dimensions 8.8mx2.2mx3m deep are proposed. ▪ Flocculation tank: two chambers with five channels each, designed for a detention time of 15-30 minutes (27 minutes attained). Total estimated operational interior dimensions of each chamber are 4m wide x 4.2m long (to end of channel 5 wall) x average channel depth 1.4m. The first channel has water depth 1m and 5th channel water depth 1.8m. The calculated design headloss across each floc tank at peak flow is 0.44m. ▪ Sedimentation tank: two chambers sized for a SLR of 24m2/m3/d (1m/hr) and detention time of 4 hours, with allowances for installation of lamella tubes. Estimated operational dimensions of each chamber are 12.5m x 3.125m by 4m deep, with tube settlers installed in the final 1.5m of the chamber ▪ Filter tank: two new rapid sand filters with filter media depth (sand only) of 1m and area 7.5m2 each (3m x 2.5m), at a filtration rate of 5m3/m2/hr. ▪ Air blower for new WTP and one chlorine dosing area. ▪ Laboratory and PAC mixing house: estimated area of 56 m2.

▪ Backwashing storage: designed for one cycle per day (of 2 filters) at 15 minutes per cycle with loading rate of 30m3/h/m2. Estimated volume is 40m3, to be pumped from the CWT to an elevated backwash tank, and gravity fed via a PRV to the filter. ▪ Detention pond: sized for the largest cleaning/wash water requirement of the facilities (1 pre-sedimentation tank). The effective capacity is 108m3. At 1.5m deep, the required area is 72m2.

96. The WTP will be designed to operate for 24 hours per day. All tanks and reservoirs will be constructed of reinforced concrete unless otherwise specified during the detailed design phase.

Figure 4: Conceptual Design of the Proposed System, Hom Subproject

Figure 5: Location of the Components of the System, Hom Subproject

d. Water Storage

97. The total operational volume of water storage was sized at eight hours of MDD with allowances for 12 l/s fire flow for two hours (Medium Town 20,000-50,000 people) and daily backwashing for half of the filters at 15 minutes per cycle with 30 m3/m2/h washing rate. The total required clear water storage volume is 600m3. From hydraulic analyses using Google Earth elevations, the service reservoir can provide sufficient pressure to all core villages without a balancing tank being required. The storage capacity is sized at eight hours of 2038 MDD, which is calculated at 600m3, all in a clear water ground reservoir at the WTP.

e. Pumping Stations

98. Two duty and one standby raw water pump will be installed in a sump at the raw water pump station, situated approximately 2.5km downstream of the intake weir. The rising main will then need to follow the road for a further distance of approximately 2km.

f. Distribution Network

99. The main distribution network will be supplied by gravity flow from the proposed 600m3 service reservoir at the proposed elevated site to provide adequate pressure to all villages. The development plan requires an estimated 9.6km of new distribution pipeline (DN110 to DN225) and 40km of rider mains. Appurtenances such as gate valves, air valves, and wash-out valves will be provided to facilitate the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. District metering area (DMA) water meters and gate valves will be installed in appropriate locations; at the minimum DMA water meters will be located at the outlet of the sub-distribution areas. The number of DMA meters will be determined during the detailed design phase.

g. Access Roads

100. An access road to the WTP already exists but will be improved (gravel road 4m in width and approximately 450m in length). A similar new access road of 200m from an existing road will be required for the intake.

h. O&M Equipment

101. Equipment for O&M of the water supply systems will be procured for the Hom branch Nam Papa (BNP), including basic tools, laboratory equipment and office equipment to be installed at the new WTP.

B. Connection Policy

102. Households that apply to connect during the construction period will not be required to pay any up-front connection charges for small-bore reticulation, connections or meters, but the cost of these items will form part of the subproject capital cost and will be recovered through the water tariff. The construction contractor will (i) install distribution pipelines and small bore reticulation pipework (rider mains

3 Reticulation would not be provided in areas that have low and very low population densities.

that apply to connect to the piped water supply system during the construction stage. Surplus materials will be stored for later installation by the BNP when required.

103. This policy is expected to motivate customers to connect during the construction period, boost PNP revenue and enhance sustainability, and will particularly assist the poor. For Longxan It is anticipated that 2,550 new household service connections will be installed by 2024. For Hom, 1,100 new service connections will be installed by 2025.

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

104. Xaisomboun Province, to the north and east of Vientiane Province, borders on Xiengkhouang and Bolikhamxay. It has an area of 4,506 sq. km. In 2015 it was the only province with a population of under 100,000, with five districts, having an average population of 17,034. Xaisomboun was a Special Administrative Zone until December 13, 2013, when it became a province. It incorporated the former Vientiane Province district of Hom, which contained both Hom and Longxan, and created Longxan as a new district.

105. Longxan is a small town in Xaisomboun province, approximately 150 km to the east of Vientiane. The town’s core service area has 10 core villages and Hom town’s core area has three villages. The villages have urban characteristics and population densities that would enable a financially sustainable water supply system to operate.

B. Geology and Natural Hazards

106. Small to moderate earthquakes have occurred within Lao PDR over recorded history. Longxan and Hom Districts are not among the areas vulnerable to earthquake hazards. Lao PDR is also prone to flooding, mainly associated with the presence of large river basins. Eight rivers have been identified as being at particular risk of causing flooding throughout the country but the Nam Khone River and Nam Khien River are not included in the identified rivers that cause extreme flooding. The terrain within the Longxan and Hom Districts center are flat, and is not prone to landslides.

C. Air Quality and Noise

107. Air quality in Longxan and Hom Districts are generally good. There are no industries producing discharges/emissions which result in atmospheric pollution and pollution from vehicular exhaust emissions are not significant given the low levels of traffic and absence of any traffic congestion. The only detrimental effect on air quality is the dust arising from the passage of vehicles over unsealed roads during the dry season. This is an intermittent problem with a minor effect over a limited area of 5 to 10 meters either side of the road. The locations of the project components are relatively far from noise generating activities. There are no industries within the proposed sites so ambient noise levels can be considered very well. Except for the proposed sites of the WTPs and reservoirs, there are no sensitive receptors within close proximity of the proposed sites of the other components.

D. Climate and Water Resources

108. The climate in Xaisomboun Province is characterized by two seasons, the dry and wet seasons. The dry season occurs between October and March while the wet season occurs between April and September. The climate in Lao PDR is highly influenced by the southeast monsoon with significant rainfall and high humidity. Tables 1 to 7 presents the daily rainfall at Mueang Hom Station, which covers Hom and Longxan Districts, from year 2007 to 2013. Tables 8 to 14 shows the maximum temperature at Mueang Hom Station from year 2007 to 2013. Tables 15 to 21 shows the mean minimum temperature at Mueang Hom Station from year 2007 to 2013.

1. Climate Change

109. Primary evidence for the nature and magnitude of future climate change is provided by General Circulation Models (GCMs), which are mathematical models of the coupled earth-ocean- atmosphere system. GCMs resolve the earth spatially at between 100 and 300 km; and do not fully represent many features important in shaping local climate, such as topography. They are useful primarily in assessing broad regional and seasonal trends in climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation.

110. Model projections for Southeast Asia suggest the current rainy season (May – October) is projected to get wetter, and the dry season (November – April) dryer. Projections of daily rainfall intensity (not pictured) suggest increases in the maximum 1-day precipitation by 10 to 15 mm/day by the 2090’s. Higher precipitation intensities result in higher runoff ratios, all other factors equal. Impacts on basin runoff are more uncertain, with many recent studies projecting changes in discharge of between -15% and +15% of current annual discharge.

111. A review of recent global and regional climate modeling, and recent studies of climate change impacts on the Lower Mekong Basin indicate that the region may become up to 2ºC warmer by mid-century; and will most likely experience moderate increases in precipitation. While most monsoon regions are projected to experience decreases in monsoon precipitation relative to historical climate as a consequence of climate change, the South Asian, and to a greater extent the Southeast Asian monsoons are projected to experience increases in total precipitation.4

112. A review of the drought statistic in recent years reveals that for the first six months of 2019, the rainfall in Nam Ou basin, the biggest of Mekong tributaries in Laos, decreased 41 percent compared to the same period in 2018 and continued to drop to 29 percent during July to September 2019. In the overall context of global warming, the Mekong River Basin is facing challenges of rising temperatures and increasing droughts, said the authors.5

113. According to the Lao Meteorological Data, the rainfall in the upper reaches of Mekong River (the Lancang River Basin) in April, May, June and August 2019 was 51 percent, 71 percent, 39 percent, and 43 percent less respectively than the long term average. Moreover, the Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS) had also reported less rainfall during the rainy season in Mekong River.Water Resources.

4 ICEM 2015, Draft Climate Change Impact Assessment of the proposed Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Project, Lao PDR. 5 News Asia &Pacific Climate Change, global warming cause drought in Laos, 2019.

2. Longxan Subproject Water Resources

114. The most suitable location was identified approximately 2.5km north west of the center of Ban Vanglouang, on a tributary that joins the Nam San called Nam Khone. The river path before the intake is largely through mountainous, undeveloped areas, with little risk of contamination from agricultural and urban runoff. The water quality is good, but high and short-lived turbidity peaks are expected during rain events. Water quality tests have been carried out on during the dry and wet seasons, which indicates no significant issues with the existing quality, and no serious issues in treating it to a potable standard with the proposed technology.

115. The catchment area of the Nam Khone stream is approximately 35km2, annual rainfall and and a photo of the intake location are shown below. The river has considerable year-round flow, with a sufficient year-round base flow for the capacity of the WTP. The flow rate on 8 June 2020 was measured at 2.84 m3/s (245,000 m3/d), which is much higher than the water treatment capacity of 3,200 m3/d.

Figure 6: Nam Khone catchment area

Figure 7: Nam Khone, June 2020

Table 1: Annual Rainfall of Longxan Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average Annual Rainfall 2,906 2,696 2,184 2,075 2,718 2,519

3. Hom Subproject Water Resources

116. The main river in Hom is the Nam Hom, which flows along the valley floor between the core villages. The Nam Khien is a tributary of the Nam Hom which joins upstream of the core area, and is at a higher elevation than then Nam Hom and also has an existing access road. The river path before the intake is largely through mountainous, undeveloped areas, with little risk of contamination from agricultural and urban runoff. During rain events the river level can raise rapidly with high sediment load, but returns to normal quickly after the rain event. It is a small- sized river of width 10 -12m, with variable year-round flow but is easily adequate to supply the 3 core villages without significantly reducing flow. Water quality tests have been carried out on during the dry and wet seasons, which indicates no significant issues with the existing quality, and no serious issues in treating it to a potable standard with the proposed technology. For these reasons Nam Khien has been selected as the raw water source.

117. The monthly rainfall in Hom is summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Monthly Rainfall in Munag Hom

118. The catchment area of the Nam Khien is 6km2 and is shown in Figure 9 below. There are no historical records on river flow measurements, however based on information of PNP staff, interviews of local residents and the observations made during the dry season of 2020 the Nam Khien River has large enough flow to support a 1,800 m3/d extraction. The flow of the Nam Khien has been estimated from width, depth and velocity on 8 January 2020 at 0.388 m3/s or approximately 33,000 m3/d and on 8 June 2020 at 6.05 m3/s or 520,000 m3/d. The detailed engineering will commence in early 2021 and additional river flow and water quality analysis will be carried out to confirm river flows and water quality.

Figure 8: Nam Khien catchment area

E. Ecological Resources

119. There are no components of the proposed development that will be located within a protected, conservation or biodiversity area. The location of the proposed water supply system and its components will have no impact on the Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area which is more than 20 kilometres (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject and more than 40 kilometres south of Hom District Subproject.

F. Historical and Archaeological Sites

120. There are no sites of archaeological significance within and around the Longxan and Hom Districts areas. The project components (Intakes, WTPs, reservoirs and laboratories, raw transmission and distribution lines, office and access roads) will not affect any historical and archaeological sites such as temples and burial sites.

G. Unexploded Ordnance

121. Data on bombs dropped by US forces between 1968 and 1972 is available from the National Mines Regulatory Authority and has been thoroughly reviewed. An UXO verification survey and clearance within or around project sites in Longxan District Center and Hom District Center will be commissioned by the PIU of Xaisomboun. Interviews and discussions with the local residents have provided information that there are no known occurrences of UXO in the vicinity of the townships or of knowledge of ground or air strikes from which UXO may remain. UXO Certification for the Longxan and Hom Districts Subprojects will be provided later and no works will be allowed to commence on site prior to the issuance of the UXO clearance certificate.

H. Socio-Economic Conditions

122. The following sections provide socio/economic information collected by the consultant team through interviewing local authorities, household surveys and focus group discussions more detailed information is provided in the Appendix C of the Feasibility Study Report for Xaisomboun Province Subprojects Lonagsane & Hom.

1. Population

123. Population data of Longxan and Hom of 2019 is shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

Table 3: Population of Longxan District, 2019

No. Village Name Village No. Households Population HH size

1 Naxay 1805010 220 1,469 6.7 2 Phonexai 1805011 105 630 6.0 3 Vangluang 1805009 304 1,605 5.3 4 Phonelao 1805008 164 965 5.9 5 Xamkhone 1805007 263 1,678 6.4 6 Namkhouy 1805012 235 1,358 5.8 7 Khonevat 1805001 494 2,939 6.0 8 Hinso 1805002 136 944 6.9 9 Phonmouang 1805006 66 363 5.5 10 Phoupaman 1805005 110 676 6.1 Total 2,097 12,627 6.02

Table 4: Population of Hom District, 2019 No. Village Name Households Population HH size 1 Namkhieng 408 2,868 7.03 2 Phalavaek 314 2,016 6.42 3 Homthat 237 1,685 7.11 Total 959 6,569 6.85

2. Economy

124. The proposed service area in Longxan has a total population of 12,627 and in Hom 6,569 as of 2019. Both towns have a large ethnic minority population consisting of Hmong and Khmu with significant Laoloum and Iu-Mien minorities. Ethnically diverse, the residents of towns mainly engages in engage in rice growing, animal raising, collecting NTFPs, rubber production, government service, and trade. Wildlife and forest products trade are also a major activity. The local economy is based on services, agriculture and trade in forest products.

Table 5: Occupation of Heads of Households and their Spouses, Longxan District Occupation Male Female All Farmer 60.2 75.5 68 government officer 13.3 2 7.5 private employee 4.1 2 small trader 5.1 10.8 8 hired Labourer/worker 9.2 2 5.5 Homemaker 2 6.9 4.5 not working (retired, physically or mentally ill) 3.1 2 2.5 unemployed Business Owner 3.1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

Table 6: Occupation of Heads of Households and their Spouses, Hom District Occupation Male Female All

Farmer 62.2 70.3 66.3 government officer 23.3 4.4 13.3 private employee 2.2 1.1 small trader 3.3 8.8 6.1 hired labourer/worker 2.2 1.1 Homemaker 1.1 11 6.1 not working (retired, physically or mentally ill) 2.2 1.1 1.7 unemployed Business Owner 3.3 4.4 3.9 Total 100 100 100 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

3. Ethnicity

125. In Longxan there are large numbers Hmong and Khmu with significant Laoloum and Iu- Mien minorities. The villages Hom have a dominant Hmong population with a tiny minority of Laoloum and other ethnic groups. The sample survey indicated that although nearly 77% of Longxan population and 97% in Hom had a language other than Lao as their first language, almost all (99% in Longxan and 93% in Hom) of the heads of households spoke and understood Lao as well. Only 1% of households could have difficulty with spoken Lao. The table below shows that Hmong and Iu-Mien have larger than average household size while the Lao/tai and Khmu households are smaller than average.

Table 7: Population and Ethnicity (by main ethno-linguistic group)6, Longxan District No. of HHs Lao/Tai Hmong Mon-Khmer Iu-Mien

By population 24% 39% 24% 13%

By household 27.5% 35.5% 25.6% 11.3% Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

Table 8: Population and Ethnicity (by main ethno-linguistic group)7, Hom District No. of HHs Lao/Tai Hmong Mon-Khmer Iu-Mien

959 3.3% 95.6% 1.1% - Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

4. Income and Poverty Levels

126. The median monthly household income in both towns was 3,000,000, which, when compared with the mean monthly income of over LAK 3,879,000 in Longxan and LAK 3,500,000 in Hom, demonstrates that the distribution overall is mildly skewed towards higher income households.

Table 9: Poor Households in Subproject Villages, Longxan District Poor HH – Poor HH village District % Poverty by income test from Villages – data % of total govt. data sample survey (N=103) % of total 1 Naxay 1.4 1.4 29 2 Phonexai 3.8 3.8 0 3 Vangluang 1.3 1.0 25 4 Phonelao 3.0 3.0 10 5 Xamkhone 1.9 2.7 20 6 Namkhouy 1.7 2.1 9 7 Khonevat 0.4 1.8 4 8 Hinso 2.9 3.7 29 Overall Total 1.5 2.1 15.5 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

Table 10: Poor Households in Subproject Villages, Hom District Poor HH – % Poverty by income Villages Poor HH – village data % of total District govt. test from sample data % of total survey 1 Namkhieng 3.7 3.7 26.3 2 Phalavaek 4.8 4.8 30.0 3 Homthat 4.2 4.2 44.0 Overall Total 4.2 4.2 32.3 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

6 Data from District Government. 7 Data from District Government.

5. Education

127. Male household heads overall have more years of education than female heads, almost 70% of whom have only primary or no education, compared to 44% of male heads. About 31% of male but only 14% of female heads of households had a post-lower secondary education.

Table 11: Level of Education of Heads of Households by Gender, Longxan District Level of Education Female (%) Male (%) Total (%) No schooling 17.6 7.1 12.5 Primary 52.0 36.7 44.5 Lower Secondary 16.7 25.5 21.0 Upper Secondary 8.8 11.2 10.0 Technical or Vocational School 2.0 9.2 6.0 University 2.9 10.2 6.0 Total 100 100 100 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

128. Male household heads overall have more years of education than female heads, 65% of whom have only primary or no education, compared to 53% of male heads. About 31% of male but only 8% of female heads of households had a post-lower secondary education.

Table 12: Level of Education of Heads of Households by Gender, Hom District Level of Education Female (%) Male (%) Total (%) No schooling 38.5 16.7 27.6 Primary 37.4 36.7 37.0 Lower Secondary 16.5 14.4 15.5 Upper Secondary 3.3 10.0 6.6 Technical or Vocational School 2.2 11.1 6.6 University 2.2 11.1 6.6 Total 100 100 100 Source: Socio-Economic WSSP, January 2020.

VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

129. The environmental impacts were evaluated in the areas of influence at the subproject component sites. At the raw water intake, the area of influence includes the upstream and downstream sections from the intake considering the potential effects to water quality, sustainability of the water supply source, and potential conflict on river water use. At the locations of the main transmission line and distribution lines, the affected area may extend to an average of 1-50 meters along the excavated area of the pipelines.

130. At the proposed sites for the WTP and reservoir and office and laboratory, temporary disruption and nuisance impacts may be experienced, mainly during the construction period. These affected areas may experience direct impacts associated with temporary disturbance from construction activities. The potential environmental impacts were identified based on the project activities that may occur in each component and evaluation of the environmental and social baseline situation at the subproject area. The identification of environmental impacts was mainly based on the technical information related to project component design and operation, field visits, information from stakeholders, and feasibility study.

A. Anticipated Benefits from the Project

131. There are expected beneficial impacts on health and well-being of people because of the proposed water supply project for Longxan and Hom Districts. The principal benefits would be derived because of improved accessibility to potable and reliable water supply. There are also health benefits in the form of reduced incidence of diarrhoea, dysentery, skin rashes, and other water-borne diseases as a result of hygiene promotion activities and improved access to safe water for the community. In general, the provision of sustainable, sufficient and safe piped water supply is expected to result to improved health conditions and consequently economic development to the community. The immediate impact will be clean and regular water supply that will translate to higher service levels, particularly in terms of coverage to households. There will be longer supply windows that eventually would lead to 24-hour supply for the service areas. Water pressure will likewise improve. Women and older children will also need less time and effort in fetching water.

B. Environmental Impacts Related to Location (Pre-Construction Phase)

1. Impact on Land Acquisition and Community Assets

132. There will be no land acquisition required for the development of the requisite project component facilities namely the construction of the WTP and laboratory, intake, reservoir, office and access roads. Likewise, it is anticipated that there will be minimal acquisition required for temporary use of land or loss or damage to assets during pipe laying. The Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan (LACP) for the subproject has been prepared separately to ensure that any loss of land, trees or damage to property will be subject to compensation in accordance with the Resettlement Framework of the WSSP.

2. Impact of Location of Raw Water Intake on other Water Users

133. The raw water intakes will be located on the banks of Nam Khone River in Longxan District and Nam Khien River in Hom District. It is projected that the location of the intakes, will not affect nor impact other water users of the rivers as it has a substantial annual flow. The Nam Khone River Intake is an estimated 6 kilometres and Nam Khien River Intake is an estimated 5 kilometres respectively from the nearest sensitive receptor (nearest settlement area).

3. Impact on Natural Resources and Protected Areas

134. The location of the proposed water supply systems and its components will have no impact on the Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area which is more than 20 kilometres (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject and more than 40 kilometres south of Hom District Subproject.

4. Impact on Historical and Archaeological Sites

135. The proposed subprojects, including the intake, WTP, reservoir, laboratory, office and raw water transmission line and distribution lines will not affect nor impact any historical, archaeological or culturally important sites.

5. Contractor Prepares Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)

136. Before commencing work, the contractor will be required to prepare a Contractor’s EMP (CEMP) that addresses the conditions of the construction EMP that has been attached to the BCD. The CEMP will amplify how the contractor will address the activities in the construction section of the EMP. The contractor prepares the CEMP that establishes the contractor’s management and compliance requirements with the construction section of the EMP.

C. Environmental Impacts During Construction

137. Construction activities that may be undertaken for the proposed subprojects would include land clearing, excavation and grading, filling, disposal of excavated soil, road construction/rehabilitation, intake construction, and movement of construction vehicles, operation of heavy equipment, and operation of worker camps. The works for the proposed subproject are expected to generate the following adverse impacts:

▪ Loss of vegetation as a result of clearing and grubbing ▪ Contamination of raw water source ▪ Generation of excavated material ▪ Runoff of silt ▪ Temporary loss of access to houses and establishments ▪ Occurrence of acute increase in ambient Noise ▪ Acute increase in generation of dust ▪ Generation of wastes, i.e. domestic wastewater, solid and hazardous wastes ▪ Community hazards as a result of open excavations ▪ Hazards to occupational health and safety.

138. The mitigation measures to address the adverse environmental impacts during the construction phase of the subproject implementation are discussed in the succeeding sections. The Subprojects will conform to the Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines of 30 April 2007 (IFC-WB).

1. Temporary Disruption of Community Roads, Pathways and Access to Properties

139. In general, pipe laying for the water supply distribution network will be undertaken along the existing road right-of-way. The pipe lines will be laid out in the 2.5 – 4.0 m wide footpath or road shoulder from the edge of the road for arterial, sub-arterial and collector roads and about 2.0m wide road shoulder for distributor roads8. During trench excavation and pipe laying works, temporary loss of access to residential and commercial establishments, schools, and community facilities may occur. As mitigation for this impact, temporary accesses to houses and other establishments affected by the works will be provided. Particular attention will be given to ensuring safety along roads and paths normally traversed by pedestrians. The contractors will restore and reinstate any damaged sections to properties immediately.

8 In accordance with MPWT Regulation No. 205 on Town Planning (2004), services may be installed in the 2.5-4.0m wide road shoulder for arterial, sub-arterial and collector roads in the following order from the road edge: drainage, tree planting, water supply pipeline, electricity, telecommunications wires. The drain must not be closer to the road edge than 0.3m and telecommunications must not be closer than 0.5m from the outer edge. For distributor roads having only 2.0m wide footpaths, the facilities may be divided between the two sides of the road, with drainage, tree planting, electricity, and telecommunications on one side and drainage, tree planting and water supply pipeline on the other side.

2. Air Pollution

140. The potential sources of air pollution during the construction stage include dust from earth works concentrated within a 50-meter radius of the work site; emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machineries; fugitive emissions from vehicles plying the area; fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials; and localised increased traffic congestion in work areas.

141. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter and will settle down in close vicinity of the work sites. The impacts will be minor, local, short-term, direct and reversible. The best management practices will be adopted during conduct of the works to minimize dust and release of combustion emissions from operation of the requisite heavy equipment and machineries. Excavated material and stockpiles will be kept moist while transport vehicles will be required to install tarpaulin covers or other suitable material to prevent spillage of the hauled materials.

142. Furthermore, construction equipment and vehicles will, at all times, be well maintained and in good working condition to reduce fugitive emissions. Speed limits on areas will be imposed to minimize dust emission and to reduce the risk of traffic accidents in the work sites. Information about planned construction activities will be provided to residents in the area and will be planned to minimize public disturbance and nuisance.

3. Noise

143. Construction activities may cause noise and vibration impacts for a short duration. The operation of equipment such as jackhammer for the installation of water supply distribution network may cause nuisance to adjacent residential houses. Excavation works in pipe road crossing sections on paved roads would require the use of jackhammer to break the concrete. Diesel generators will also be required during the works. Ambient Noise levels in these areas may reach 88dBA at a distance of about 15m away from the source or operation of equipment. Along the haul roads, the average ambient noise level will also experience an acute increase because of increased vehicular traffic. As mitigation for the adverse impacts identified, work at the sites will be limited only during the daytime from 0700H to 1800H. There will no works that will be permitted beyond this period. Furthermore, the community will be provided with updated information about the schedule of the construction activities through billboards/sign. Stationary equipment like the diesel generators will be installed as far as practical from sensitive receptors. Buffers will also be established as further mitigation.

4. Impact of Borrow Materials

144. The construction activities for all components of the project, including the access roads will require material, specifically sand and aggregate for the works. The sourcing of these materials from the Nam Khone River in Longxan District and Nam Khien River in Hom District will not be permitted as the mining/quarrying activities may irreversibly impact the ecology and hydraulic characteristics of the waterway. The contractors will be required to secure these materials from Government permitted/licensed suppliers.

5. Impact on Ecological Resources

145. During the implementation of the construction activities, workers and labourers of the contractors may undertake hunting of wildlife and cutting of wood upstream of the intake. The contractors will be instructed to orient their workers and staff that such activities are strictly prohibited. The contractors are responsible for the provision of the requisite kitchen facilities, food and cooking fuel for their workers and staff. The location of the proposed water supply system and its components will have no impact on the Phou Khao Khouay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area which is more than 20 kilometres (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject and more than 40 kilometres south of Hom District Subproject.

6. Clearing of Vegetation

146. The construction of the WTP and laboratory, clear water reservoir, intake, office, access roads and contractors camps and facilities will require the clearing and grubbing of the sites. The impact of the clearing and grubbing works will be minimal because the existing vegetative cover at the sites consists only of bushes and shrubs. In accordance with the approved LACP, there will be no tree that would be removed for the works. The requisite roads and paths to the intake, WTP, and reservoir will be constructed with a limited width enough only to accommodate vehicles and equipment for construction and operation. This is to minimize the impact on the receiving environment. Upon completion of works, the exposed surfaces will be planted with the appropriate vegetation to prevent soil erosion. Landscaping and planting of trees/vegetation at the WTP site will be undertaken.

7. Water Pollution

a. Impacts of Sediment Runoff

147. The construction of the facilities such as the intake, WTP, reservoir, distribution line and office, may result in erosion of unstable areas during earthworks, especially during heavy rainfall events. Sedimentation of nearby watercourses and channels from runoff heavily laden with material from the work sites may occur as a result of the works. These impacts are transient, short-term and insignificant. As mitigation, the contractors will be required to implement proper measures which would include the provision of silt traps, ditches, and sump pits to intercept the flow silt laden runoff from the worksites into the nearby channels and watercourses. Moreover, activities, especially earthworks, will be scheduled during the dry season or be stopped during heavy rainfall.

b. Domestic Wastewater from Contractors Facilities and Worker’s Camps

148. The contractor and workers camps will generate domestic wastewater. Contamination of surface and groundwater sources and surrounding land is a potential risk that should be addressed accordingly by the contractor. Potential adverse impacts are minimal and temporal in duration and can be readily mitigated through measures established in the EMP. Proper management of the domestic wastewater from the contractor’s facilities and workers camps should be undertaken at all times. Appropriate latrines shall be installed in the camps and facilities of the Contractors.

c. Residual Chlorine During Pipeline and Reservoir Disinfection

149. Chlorinated water is retained in the completed pipe works and reservoirs for a pre- determined period to effectively sanitize the system. This is typically done after the completion of the leakage and pressure tests. The chlorinated water is then drained as the system is filled with potable water. Consequently, residual chlorine is inadvertently discharged. Extra caution is needed to avoid discharge of water with excessive chlorine residuals as this is toxic to fish and other aquatic life. Flushed water from the system during commissioning of the pipelines and reservoirs will only be discharged to the nearest water body when the chlorine concentration of the water has been reduced to less than 2 mg/l. The allowable limit for Chlorine (free residual) as per the Ministry of Public Health Drinking Water Quality Standards of 2014 is 0.1-2.0 mg/l.

150. The established protocol is that when the piped system has been assessed to be reasonably clean, the effluents from the flushing of the system will take well over a week to reduce to a residual level (less than 2 mg/l) fit for discharge. Discharge to soil will allow for further reduction through the combined effect of soil contact and sunlight. However, discharge at pipe ends will have to be monitored to minimize soil erosion. The normal chlorine residual test kit will give a NIL chlorine residual if the chlorine residual is above 10 mg/l. Options are to use a normal chlorine test kit and use 10x15x dilution with distilled water and calculate the final result or purchase and use a high range chlorine test kit.

8. Generation of Construction Wastes

a. Excavated Soil

151. The construction of the proposed WTPs and reservoirs will require excavation and levelling works. Excavated materials during pipe laying will also be generated. The excavated materials from the foundation of the WTP tanks and reservoirs will be utilized as backfill in the other work sites where required. Material during trench excavation will be utilized to backfill the trench after the pipes have been laid out. Any surplus material will be disposed properly and given for free to interested villagers as backfill materials in coordination with the village authority. There is no anticipated need for spoil disposal sites.

b. Domestic Waste

152. Solid waste will be generated at the work sites and the worker’s camp. Wastes may include domestic solid waste, inert construction waste, and hazardous waste. Domestic waste is not anticipated to be a significant volume as only small temporary camps will be established at the sites of the WTP and reservoir. There will not be camps for the worksites for the intake, transmission and distribution pipelines. It is projected that the temporary camps will generate an estimated 0.4 to 0.5 kg/person/day and would consist mainly of plastic and glass bottles, paper, cardboard, food wastes, and packaging wastes. This will be collected and properly disposed in the approved disposal facility of the Districts.

c. Inert Construction Waste

153. The inert waste that will be generated during the works will consist mainly of scrap wood and metal, cement bags, aggregates and concrete debris. These wastes are generally disposed of and/or land filled in appropriate sites and represents no direct danger to health. The scrap metal and wood can be collected for recycling.

d. Hazardous Waste

154. Hazardous wastes such as containers of paint and solvents and spent batteries are projected to be generated during the works, especially at the worksites for the intake, WTP and reservoir. Although the volume is anticipated to be small, this type of waste is highly detrimental to the environment and public health. As mitigation, these materials will be segregated from the general solid waste, collected and disposed appropriately, mainly by encapsulation.

9. Impact on Community Health and Safety

155. During the works, the community may be exposed to the health and safety risks from increased vehicular movements in the area, open excavation and operation of heavy equipment. As mitigation and to prevent accidents and hazards to motorists, pedestrians and residents in the area of the worksites, barricades and wood/steel plate covers will be provided in open excavations during non-working time. The worksites will be properly secured with fences and access to the area restricted. The contractor is to ensure that all vehicles and transport equipment and materials that may be required to pass through villages are operated safely without endangering these communities. All loads are to be secured and all loads with fugitive materials (e.g. excavated soil and sand) are to be covered with tarpaulins. The contractor is to immediately remove any drivers that ignore any of the community safety requirements. The required warning signage will be installed in all the worksites.

10. Occupational Health and Safety

156. During the construction phase, the implementation of the works may result in hazards to the safety of workers such as tripping, falling from height, slippery surfaces, carrying heavy loads, and during operation of machines and equipment. The contractor will be required to prepare a site safety plan and designate a safety supervisor who will ensure that safety measures during construction are implemented. These safety measures include the use of personnel protective clothing and equipment, placing of hazard warning signs, and excavation covers and barriers. Arrangements for prompt medical attention in the event of accidents will also be made.

157. The contractor will be required to: (i) provide priority hiring of qualified skilled and 100% unskilled workers from the villages, (ii) consult with local people to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the site, (iii) installation of suitable toilets such as pit latrines and grey water drainage facilities such as soakage pits, (iv) arrangement for the proper disposal of solid wastes, (v) briefing of workers and the villagers on the dangers of communicable diseases, and (vi) assignment of responsibility to workers and local peoples’ welfare to a senior member of the contractor’s staff.

158. In addition, during the disinfection of water distribution lines, only crews who have had experience with chlorinating agents and who are trained and aware of the potential health hazards associated with these chemicals will be involved in such activity.

11. COVID-19 Risk Management

159. Given the current situation with the COVID-19 Pandemic, a risk management plan for COVID-19 should be prepared and implemented by the Contractor during the construction period as part of the Health and Safety Plan. The Contractor shall develop and implement a COVID-19 risk management plan in compliance with most relevant GOL regulations and policies, or in the absence thereof, in accordance with international good practice as issued by the World Health

Organization. The Contractor shall implement an awareness and information dissemination campaign on COVID-19 risk management and provide training to workers on necessary risk mitigation and management measures/procedures.

D. Environmental Impacts During Operation

160. The potential long-term or permanent impacts of project development are most important and generally determine the level of impact assessment a water supply project requires. The potential long-term impacts include:

▪ Incremental wastewater generation and increased burden on drainage systems ▪ Conflict with other water users of Nam Khone and Khinen Rivers ▪ Deterioration of water quality ▪ Generation of backwash water and sediments from operation of the WTP; and ▪ Exposure of workers to chemicals for water treatment. ▪ Generation of sludge from the detention ponds. ▪ Community health and safety.

161. The Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Water and Sanitation Projects (IFC, 2007) outline a range of safeguard measures including management requirements, monitoring regimes and performance evaluations that will be adopted within the operations and maintenance manual, where possible. It should be noted that the said guidelines (IFC EHS Guidelines – Water and Sanitation 2007) are now in the process of being updated and the operations and maintenance manual will be updated to incorporate the updated guidelines as soon as it is finalized and adopted.

1. Incremental Wastewater Generation and Increased Burden on Drainage Systems

162. Households receiving new water supply connections are likely to use more water for bathing, cooking and washing. This may lead to more grey water or sullage as the standard of living improves, the population increases and more people have access to water supply. The current condition and lack of well-designed drainage system in the villages will result to increase in the volume of grey water or sullage. The potential for the ponding of dirty water because of the absence of proper drainage systems may, consequently result to the formation of habitats for mosquitoes and other pests and pose health hazards to the communities. In most of the households in the District, the domestic wastewater drains into irrigation canals and on their yard.

163. As project policy, water connection will only be provided to a household once an approved sanitation facility is present to cope with the increased wastewater that will be generated with improved water supply services. Public awareness raising initiatives have been undertaken by the WSSP through the drainage improvement and village improvement components. Villagers have been informed about the need to provide latrines before a water connection service can be made.

2. Conflict with Other Users

164. The Nam Khone river has considerable year round flow, with sufficient year-round base flow to meet the 2039 design capacity of the Longsane WTP of 3,200m3/day. The flow rate

recorded on 8 June 2020 was measured at 2.84 m3/s (245,000m3/day). Abstraction of 3,200m3/day represents approximately 1.3% of the total flow.

165. The flow of the Nam Khien river for the Hom subproject, as recorded on 8 January 2020, was 0.388m3/s (520,000m3/day). The design capacity of Hom WTP is 1,800m3/day thus the extraction of raw water during the minimum flow is approximately 5.5%.

166. As per the project principles, the provincial government has issued certification for priority use for the subprojects. It assessed that the abstraction of raw water (1.3% to 5.5%) of measured flows for the subprojects will not have any significant impact on the users or ecological processes.

3. Deterioration of Water Quality

167. The quality of the raw water may deteriorate if there are detrimental human activities in the upstream catchment area. This may affect the efficiency of the WTP and the resulting quality of the treated water. The identified raw water source is the Nam Khone River in Longxan District and Nam Khien River in Hom Distict, large rivers with significant year-round flow. The PIU and PNP will continuously coordinate with the villages and township authorities regarding community activities in the catchment area to monitor watershed activities that may contribute to the contamination of raw water. Laboratory testing equipment and training will also be provided to allow the PNP to conduct regular monitoring of raw and treated water quality parameters.

4. High Pressure and Leaks on the Pipeline

168. The proposed distribution network will have sections located at low elevations. These sections experience high water pressure which may potentially result in leakages in the line and ultimately water loss. This risk will be minimized by: (i) the use of durable standard pipes for the main and secondary (rider mains) lines, (ii) use of pressure reducing valves for the rider mains, (iii) careful construction supervision by the Project Management Consultants PMCto ensure that pipe laying and jointing is done to the highest standard by the contractor, and (v) regular inspection of the network and prompt isolation and repair when leaks occur.

5. Generation of Backwash Water and Sediments in the WTP

169. The WTPs will produce inert silt and sediment as a by-product of some of the treatment processes which may contain traces of non-toxic chemical particles used during treatment. Of particular importance is the chemically-bound sludge produced in the sedimentation chamber. Sediments from the pre-sedimentation process are large and inert, and pose no significant environmental issues, while those from the filtration process are insignificant in volume. Sediment volumes will be particularly large during the wet season, due to high suspended solids content in the river, but low during the dry season. To dispose of the sediments, detention ponds will be constructed within the WTP site which will receive all backwash water from the filters and all sediment from the pre-sedimentation and sedimentation chambers. The detention pond size will be based on the volume of discharge expected from the largest of the chambers. After a period of several years, the sediment in the detention pond will be excavated and removed to a final disposal area to be identified and approved by the village authorities. The proposed sediment disposal systems will comply with the Lao PDR wastewater discharge regulations.9.

9 Industrial Waste Discharge Regulation, 1994. Regulation 180/MIH. Ministry of Industry & Handicrafts.

6. Occupational Health and Safety

170. Water treatment will involve the use of coagulants/flocculants and chlorine that will expose WTP personnel to hazards during chemical handling. The risk is particularly present during chlorination because chlorine is a reactive chemical that is hazardous to skin and eyes in case of accidental spill or leak. Risks associated with these chemicals will be minimized by (i) providing secure, dry and well-ventilated storage facilities for these chemicals, (ii) application of chlorine and coagulants/flocculants by automatic dosing instead of manual dosing (iii) use of chemicals in powder form (iv) posting of the Materials Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) of these chemicals in the chemical storage area and chemical mixing tank area for information of workers, and (v) training of staff and designation of responsible person on the handling of these chemicals.

7. Generation of Sludge from Detention Ponds

171. The sludge that will be generated from the detention ponds will be dredged and disposed as backfill material in low-lying areas to be identified by the village leaders. There will be no land application of the generated sludge without the required approval by the village authorities.

8. Community Health and Safety

172. The facilities that will be constructed will be properly fenced off and secured to restrict access and intrusion of unauthorized personnel. Watchmen/security personnel will be hired to secure the facilities on a 24-hour basis. This would minimise the safety risks to the community.

VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

A. Alternatives to the Subproject

173. The beneficiary villages Longxan and Hom Districts and service areas of the proposed water supply systems have been selected in accordance with the Project’s screening criteria. The selection process adopted for WSSP involves screening and prioritizations, following which candidate projects were selected for the feasibility study. The feasibility study then confirms subproject eligibility. Prioritization was based on a set of criteria aimed primarily at ensuring alignment with Government priority, maximizing impact in terms of number of population to be served, and also maximizing the contribution to economic development and poverty alleviation.

B. Alternatives Within the Subproject

174. Alternatives considered for the preliminary design included: (i) the siting of the WTP, (ii) alternative water sources, and (iii) village areas to be included. During the feasibility study, several other raw water sources were investigated. To minimize pumping, the District originally proposed several mountain streams as possible raw water sources the nearest of these streams is approximately 10 km from the proposed service area. These sources were determined to not be financially viable. The option of ground water was also rejected, due to local concerns about quality, and lack of reliable information on water quantity. During the evaluation of possible service areas, the most populated and easily accessible villages were selected to be included in the water supply improvement project.

C. “No Project” Alternative

175. The “No Project” alternative would mean, inter alia, (i) that the opportunity to provide potable water supply to a significant urban population toward meeting GoL goals and priorities would not be realized, (ii) that strengthening of the PNP and BNP would not take place, and (iii) that drainage, sanitation, and general urban environmental improvements from the village improvements activities would not be realized.

VIII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultations and Information Disclosure during Subproject Design

176. During the preparation of the IEE one district coordination meeting and 10 village meetings for Longxan subproject and for Hom subproject one combined district and villages meeting at district meeting hall in February and March 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the government of Laos issued strict restrictions for travelling and public gatherings, therefore the number of participants was lower than during normal situation. The participants were requested to share the information of the meetings with their subordinates and their fellow villagers.

177. Stakeholders who participated during the public consultation process included villagers, local government officers and staff. The consultations were conducted to discuss with the stakeholders the proposed project and the modifications from the original design and also to elicit the environmental concerns/issues of the community on the proposed project. In general, consultees were of the view that the project would result in more benefits than negative impacts. The people are willing to connect to the water supply project because of the improvement in their living conditions. During project implementation, communities within the subproject impact areas should be appropriately and in a timely manner, informed of the construction activities particularly those which are likely to cause noise and dust nuisance, disruption to roads and pathways. Table 13 presents the summary of public consultations undertaken.

Table 13: Summary of Public/Stakeholders Consultations PARTICIPANTS DATE LOCATION AGENCY TOTAL MALE FEMALE PIU, PNP, Lao Front, Women 25 Feb 2020 District Office Union, Village Authority, Villagers, 21 17 4 Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 25 Feb 2020 Naxai Village 31 26 5 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 26 Feb 2020 Namkhouy Village 41 30 11 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 26 Feb 2020 Khonvat Village 67 58 9 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 27 Feb 2020 Hinsor Village 41 33 8 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 27 Feb 2020 Vunglouang Village 91 55 36 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 28 Feb 2020 Phonxay Village 65 33 32 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 28 Feb 2020 Honlao Village 30 26 14 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 29 Feb 2020 Samkhon Village 111 72 39 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 29 Feb 2020 Phonmouang Village 28 14 14 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt PIU, PNP Women Union, Village 01 Mar 2020 Phoupaman Village 45 31 14 Authority, Villagers, Consultatnt

PARTICIPANTS DATE LOCATION AGENCY TOTAL MALE FEMALE Total 571 395 186 (32%)

178. During the consultations with the district authorities and stakeholders of the villages, suggestions, opinions and responses from the community on the subproject have been taken into account and feedback provided on how concerns and recommendations have been addressed. Only a few questions re related to environment and feedback from these consultations was highly favorable toward the project with no dissent registered. All comments received were considered within the final design of the new water supply system and drainage works upgrades. Table 14 summarizes the main comments that were raised during the village consultation meetings.

Table 14: Summary of Main Concerns raised during Public Consultations COMMENTS RESPONSES OF PIU/PMC The village and district authorities welcomed and Noted. appreciated the new water supply projects. Participants inquired the locations of water supply The Longxan subproject considers two possible rivers facilities, especially the location of intake. and two alternative locations, which will be decided after detailed analysis and water quality. All structures will be located on public land and therefore no impacts on private land or assets are anticipated. Questions regarding the implementation schedule of The estimated start of construction of Longxan is the subprojects. during the Q1 of 2021 and Q4 for Hom subproject. Estimated construction time approximately two years commissioning in 2023. Several concerns on impacts of existing structure and The policy of the project is in case of impact on assets trees. Will they be compensated? or structure during construction that the construction company will replace in kind or compensate in cash to owner of affected assets.

There will be disturbances temporally during construction phase, but no permanent impacts on private assets

B. Information Disclosure

179. Prior to project implementation, a copy of the approved IEE and EMP will be submitted by PNP Xaisomboun to the DONRE in Xaisomboun Province and the District Governor of Longxan and Hom Districts. The IEE will also be posted on the ADB and MPWT website. During construction and operation, communities within the impact area of the subproject area will be kept informed of construction activities through billboards or information boards about the construction activities and schedules. The details of the PIU, GRM Focal Contact Persons and Construction Managers will be prominently displayed in the respective construction areas for the reference of the affected communities/persons. Consultations will be undertaken on a need basis with the date, time and venue to be agreed with the Village Heads and concerned government officials. Complaints and grievances can be directly filed, both written and verbal, to the concerned entities. This will be an alternative to the village complaint system. All suggestions, opinions and responses from the community on the project should be taken into account and feedback provided on how concerns and recommendations have been addressed.

IX. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

180. The Prime Minister Decree No 84 (2016) known as the Decree on Compensation and Resettlement Management in Development Projects requires the subproject to establish an

effective mechanism for grievance resolution. GoL legal requirements for this mechanism are further described in Part VI of the Decree’s implementing regulations, and in detail in the Technical Guidelines. The loan covenants stipulate the GRM requirements of the ADB for the project. The mechanism to address any grievances on environmental safeguards issues is the same as that designed to address grievances related to land acquisition and compensation.

181. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible at the local level through a process of conciliation, and if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign. An aggrieved affected person (AP) or affected household (AH) will be free from any fees in connection with the lodging and resolution of complaints, as the costs will be borne by the Executing Agency and the appointed contractors.

A. Type of Grievances

182. Complainants are entitled to lodge complaints regarding any aspect of the project. Any affected person will be able to submit a grievance if they believe a practice is having a detrimental impact on the community, the environment, or on their quality of life. Eligible grievances or complaints include:

▪ Negative impacts on a person or a community (e.g. financial loss such as from loss of water, loss of roadside trees, health and safety issues, nuisances, etc.). ▪ Dangers to health and safety or pollution of the environment. ▪ Hazards due to construction activities (e.g. noise, dust, disruption of access, etc.) ▪ Impacts on social infrastructure. ▪ Failure to comply with standards or legal obligations. ▪ Improper conduct or unethical behaviour of contractor leading to nuisance of affected person(s). ▪ Misuse of funds and other irregularities. ▪ Grievances due to land acquisition, resettlement, compensation, relocation and unaddressed losses. ▪ Complaints related to gender issues.

B. Grievance Resolution Process

183. Complaints can be made verbally or in written form. It is recognized that in many cases, complainants do not have the writing skills or ability to express their grievances verbally, however, complainants are encouraged to seek assistance from family members or village heads, to have their grievances recorded in writing and to ensure that where disputes do occur and all the details have been recorded accurately enabling all parties to be treated fairly. In the case of verbal complaints, a written record of the complaint will be made during the first meeting with the complainant. Complainants who present their complaints within the prescribed procedures will be exempt from all administrative fees incurred. In addition, complainants who lodge complaints and appeals to district courts will be provided with free legal representation.

1. Arbitration Committees

184. The subproject’s GRM will rely on the existing village arbitration units that have already been established in the villages. The village arbitration units generally consists of the village chief, deputy chief, village secretary, and village representative of the Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front

for National Construction, village elders, youth, and village land taxation unit. The arbitration unit is responsible for settling disputes between villagers through conciliation and negotiation. In the absence of these units, the members of the village committee (if formed) or the village leaders will act as grievance officers.

185. Project entry points to the GRM will also be identified and displayed. The contact details of the PIU, GRM Focal Contact Persons and Construction Manager will be prominently displayed in the respective construction areas for the reference of the affected communities/persons. Complaints and grievances can be directly filed, both written and verbal, to the concerned entities. This will provide alternative entry points to the village complaint system.

186. The affected households (AHs) may present their complaints to the concerned local administrative officials and resettlement committees. The complaint can be filed first at the village level and can be elevated to the highest or provincial level if the affected persons (APs) are not satisfied with the decisions made by the arbitration units at village level.

187. At the district and provincial levels, the district and provincial resettlement committees will act on grievances or complaints that have not been resolved at the village level. The District Resettlement Committee (DRC) are composed of the Vice District Governor, Director of the DPWT, and representatives of the District Natural Resources and Environment Office, health office, police office, education office, Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, and youth office. A representative of the PIU of the subproject is a member of the district project steering committee.

188. The Provincial Resettlement Committee (PRC) is headed by the Vice Provincial Governor and is composed of representatives of provincial departments such as the DPWT, DONRE, health department, police department, and education department, Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, and provincial youth department. The representatives of the PIU and the PNP Luang Prabang are members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee.

2. Grievance Redress Procedures

189. All complaints and resolutions will be properly documented by the concerned committee and be available for public review and for monitoring purposes. As a general policy, the PNP and PIU will work proactively toward preventing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. Nonetheless, during construction and operation it is possible that unanticipated impacts may occur if the mitigation measures are not properly implemented, or unforeseen issues occur. The procedures for the grievance resolution process for the subproject are detailed in Table 15.

190. Normally complaints related to construction and environmental issues are resolved at the village level wherein the conciliation and negotiation are promptly attended to by the PIU and contractors. Complaints related to resettlement and land disputes are normally elevated to the district and provincial levels, and at times to the Court. At each stage of the grievance redress process, written records will be maintained. The IAs have the responsibility to ensure that the filing of complaints are prepared and forwarded to the DRC documenting the following: (i) complaints received; (ii) names and other pertinent information about complainants; (iii) dates of the original complaint, meetings and any other actions; and (iv) outcomes and/or resolution. The DRC, PRC, and DWS (or PCU acting for DWS) will each maintain similar records for appeals that are submitted to them. The records of grievances will be included in semi-annual environmental

monitoring reporting on the subproject. Table 16 presents the individuals responsible for receiving and recording the complaints from the affected persons (APs).

Table 15: Grievance Redress Procedures NO. STAGES 1 • Stage 1 (Village – Subproject Area). In the first instance, complainants will raise complaints or grievances to the village arbitration unit or other designated village grievance officers. The unit will organize a meeting with the complainants to resolve the issue using its traditional methods of conciliation and negotiation. The meeting will be held in a public place and will be open to other members of the community to ensure transparency. The meeting aims at clarifications and amicable solution with the complainant. This mediation aims at a village internal immediate solution agreed with the subproject. If the complaint cannot be solved at this stage, the next step will apply. 2 • Stage 2 (District Implementing Level). If within 5 days of lodging the complaint and no understanding or amicable solution can be reached or no response is received from the arbitration unit, the complainant can bring the complaint to the DRC or other district level arbitration unit. The arbitration unit will meet with the complainant to discuss the complaint and provide a decision within 10 days of receiving the appeal. 3 • Stage 3 (Provincial Implementing Level). If the complainant is not satisfied with the decision of the DRC/arbitration unit or in the absence of any response, the complainant can appeal to the PRC with contribution of authorities and village representative/s. The PRC will meet the complainant to clarify the complaint and will inform the complainant about its decision aiming to solve the complaint. The PPSC will provide a decision on the complaint within 10 days. 4 • Stage 4 (Ministerial Project Executive Level). If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the PRC, or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the complainant can submit his/her grievance to DWS. The DWS acting on behalf of the MPWT will render within 10 days of receiving the appeal. 5 • Stage 5 (Country Level). As a last resort, the complainant may submit his/her case to the Court of Law. The complaint will be lodged with the Court of Law. The Court will take note and register the case and will provide the final juristic decision. The DWS will be responsible for forwarding the complaint and ensuring its process in the courts. AP = affected person, DRC = district resettlement committee, DWS = Department of Water Supply, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, PPSC = provincial project steering committee, PRC = provincial resettlement committee.

Table 16: Individuals at Stage 1 (Subproject Village Level), Longxan District NO VILLAGE NAME CONTACT PERSON CONTACT NO. 1 2 3 4 Note: contact details to be provided prior invitation for bids.

191. If efforts to resolve complaints or disputes remain unresolved and unsatisfactory following the GoL GRM, the affected persons/households have the right to send their concerns or problems directly to ADB’s Operations Department, i.e., Urban and Water Division, Southeast Asia Department (SERD) or through ADB Lao PDR Resident Mission. If the AP is still not satisfied with the responses of SERD, he/she can directly contact the ADB's Office of the Special Project Facilitator (OSPF) as outlined in the "Information Guide to the Consultation Phase of the ADB Accountability Mechanism". The Information Guide can be downloaded through this link: https://www.adb.org/documents/information-guide-consultation-phase-adb-accountability- mechanism. Those who want to make a complaint with the ADB can refer to the sample letter of complaint adapted from the Information Guide as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 9: Sample Complaint Letter

X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Mitigation Measures

192. The matrix of mitigation measures in Table 17 presents all the required measures and monitoring responsibilities corresponding to the impacts as assessed that are considered necessary through the environmental assessment process. Where national requirements are not in place/do not exist, as per ADB SPS 2009, this EMP/CEMP requires that international industry best practice will be applied.

193. The mitigation measures required cover all stages of the contract and are separated into pre-construction, construction and operation phases. This EMP is based on the type, extent and duration of the environmental impacts identified at the design stage. In the event that unexpected impacts occur during implementation, the EMP/CEMP will be amended to take into account of unexpected impacts and mitigation measures will be amended as necessary.

Table 17: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE I. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Impact on land Implement the land acquisition External LACP c/o PNP PIU acquisition and and compensation plan that was monitoring report operations community assets approved by the ADB for the cost subproject. Loss of community assets due to land Design access roads to minimum acquisition and necessary width and installation damage to of pipelines within the Right-of- properties. Way when feasible. Impact of location of The abstraction rate for the water River level c/o PNP PIU, PNP raw water intake on supply subprojects will be limited assessments at operations Xaisomboun other water users to the 3,200 m3/day capacity of the intake on a cost the WTP for the Longxan District monthly basis Downstream river subproject and 1,800 m3/day uses such as capacity of the WTP for the Hom irrigation, bathing, District subproject. There is washing, and fishing minimal conflict with other water will be affected if users of Nam Khone and Nam excessive water Khien Rivers because there is abstraction will occur. still enough water in the river that will meet the other river uses at the downstream. Impact to Natural Pre-construction inventory to be N/A N/A N/A resources and carried out prior construction. protected areas Cutting of trees will be Impact on natural undertaken as per approved resources and design and only upon approval. protected areas from Avoid cutting of trees as much as cutting/clearing of possible and minimize damage to trees and other native vegetation. Trees that vegetation. need to be cut in private land will be compensated in cash in accordance with the approved Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Impact on Historical The Contractor will ensure that Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU, PNP and Archaeological the workforce are briefed that in operations Xaisomboun Sites the event of accidental finds cost relics they should immediately Damage to relics and cease any works in the area and artifacts during the promptly report the find to their conduct of the works. supervisor. Impact on Unexploded ordinance survey to Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU occupational health be carried out prior to any works operations and safety being permitted to commence. cost Contractor prepares Contractor prepares CEMP that CEMP prepared c/o PNP PIU, PNP site specific establishes the contractor’s and approved operations Xaisomboun environmental management and compliance cost management plan requirements with the (CEMP) construction section EMP.

Maintains Updated health and safety plan environmental to be included for COVID-19 integrity of the measures as applicable per subproject national requirements at the time.

CEMP conditions are confirmed with the contractor at an on-site meeting. When the PIU considers that the contractor is competent to comply with the CEMP the PMC is advised that the contractor can mobilize. II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Temporary disruption Walking access will be Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP of existing community maintained to affected properties and reporting by civil works Contractor roads, pathways, and and access routes will be Supervision cost accesses temporarily lined with timber or Consultant and similar material. Particular PMC. Pipe laying will cause attention will be given to ensuring temporary disruption safety along roads and paths Report any of community used by pedestrians. complaint received services and access from the to properties. Side street parking of community to PIU construction vehicles on and document in Particularly at pipe prolonged basis will not be safeguard road crossings, allowed. monitoring reports. construction activities along narrow roads Install barriers and safety may lead to warning signs on road sections temporary blockage and if necessary deploy traffic or closure of roads aides/ flag persons at affected and hamper locations. Information boards at movement of vehicles blocked roads will provide and people in the information about the temporary community. closure of roads, schedule of works and the traffic-rerouting Community access to plan. areas in the vicinity of the WTP, pump Require the contractor to station, reservoir, and immediately rehabilitate the intake will be excavated areas and any affected. damaged road and path sections.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Community access to Enclose the WTP; pump station, areas in the vicinity of reservoir, and intake perimeters schools, temples, so that pathway use and stream village offices, market access remains unimpeded. places and meeting halls will be affected Enclose the latrine construction during construction of site to prevent access and limit public latrines. disruption for the use of the schools and public buildings.

Air pollution Require the contractor to cover Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP materials with tarpaulin or other and reporting by civil works Contractor Dust and air suitable materials while in transit Supervision cost emissions from to avoid spillage of materials. Consultant and earthworks and PMC. movement of vehicles Moisten earthen roads during dry can pose nuisance to and dusty conditions, particularly Report any nearby communities roads near residences and complaint received through the town core area. from the community to PIU Impose speed limits on and document in construction vehicles. safeguard monitoring reports. Conduct regular maintenance on construction equipment and vehicles to control air emissions during vehicle operation. Noise Limit construction activities, Include EMP in bid Included in PIU, PNP particularly operation of noise documents and civil works Contractor Operation of generating equipment at night. contract. cost construction equipment such as Position any stationary Report any jackhammer will equipment that produce high complaint received cause excessive noise levels such as diesel from the noise resulting in generators as far as practical community to PIU. nuisance to from sensitive receptors. communities. Erect temporary barriers around construction sites especially near schools, hospitals, and houses.

Install noise suppression devices to noise generating equipment.

Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn and to comply with speed limits.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE affect the ecological community to PIU condition of the river. and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Impact on ecological The contractors will prohibit Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP resources activities such as cutting wood and reporting by civil works Contractor for cooking, hunting, or wildlife Supervision cost Construction workers trade. Consultant and may undertake PMC. hunting of wildlife and cutting of wood Report any upstream of the complaint received intake. from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Clearing of Cutting of trees will be Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP vegetation undertaken as per approved and reporting by civil works Contractor design and only upon approval of Supervision cost Poor planning and relevant authorities. Avoid cutting Consultant and execution of tree of trees as much as possible and PMC. clearing/vegetation minimize damage to native removal at project vegetation. Trees that need to be Report any facilities and along cut in private land will be complaint received pipeline alignments compensated in cash from the can result in loss of accordance with the approved community to PIU vegetation and Land Acquisition and and document in general landscape Compensation Plan. safeguard monitoring reports. Roads and paths to the intakes, WTPs, and reservoirs will only be sufficiently wide to accommodate construction vehicles/equipment to minimize land take.

Manual labor will be utilized in sloping terrain where use of heavy equipment would cause unnecessary damage. Steep exposed slopes will be graded and covered with bush and grass to minimize erosion.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Water Pollution - Provide adequate water supply Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP Worker’s camp and temporary toilet facilities at and reporting by civil works Contractor the worker’s camp. Supervision cost Domestic wastewater Consultant and from worker’s camp PMC. would result to the discharge of sewage Report any into drainage canals. complaint received from the Unsanitary conditions community to PIU at the worker’s camp and document in will occur without the safeguard provision of monitoring reports. necessary sanitation arrangements. Water pollution - Follow the recommended dosage Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP Generation of of chlorine during the disinfection and reporting by civil works Contractor residual chlorine of pipes and reservoir. Discharge Supervision cost during pipeline and of water with high chlorine Consultant and reservoir disinfection concentration to soil at the end of PMC. pipelines to be controlled to Prior to minimize soil erosion. Report any commissioning, complaint received disinfection will be Use chlorine test kit and use from the undertaken on the 10x15x dilution with distilled community to PIU pipeline and water or use high range chlorine and document in reservoir. test kit with high range tablets to safeguard detect chlorine residual before monitoring reports. Discharge of residual flushing. chlorine above the allowable limits is toxic to fish and other aquatic life. Generation of During pipe laying, excavated Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP construction waste - material will be utilized to backfill and reporting by civil works Contractor Generation of the trench. The contractor will be Supervision cost excavated soil required to properly reinstate the Consultant and excavated trench after PMC. Generation of completion of pipe laying. excavated materials Report any during pipe laying Surplus excavated material/cut complaint received and foundation works soil from construction of the from the for WTP tanks and WTPs and reservoirs will be used community to PIU reservoirs. as backfill material for low-lying and document in areas that have been identified safeguard by the village authority. monitoring reports. Generation of Provide appropriate segregation Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP construction wastes – bins or areas for construction and reporting by civil works Contractor Solid, Inert and wastes. Supervision cost Hazardous Wastes Consultant and Secure and control storage of all PMC. Solid wastes, inert hazardous materials including construction wastes, fuels. Report any and hazardous complaint received wastes during Reuse recyclable construction from the construction will wastes such as wood, steel, and community to PIU result to pollution of scaffoldings or sell to junk shops. and document in land and receiving safeguard water bodies. monitoring reports.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Solid waste to be collected and disposed in approved disposal site of the Districts. Community health Install barricades/barriers and Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP and safety sturdy plate covers in open and reporting by civil works Contractor excavations during non-working Supervision cost Community may be time. Consultant and exposed to dangers PMC. of open excavation Install warning signs in the area. Report any complaint received from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Occupational health Require the contractor to Contract Included in PIU, PNP and safety implement the construction documents to civil works Contractor health and safety plan in include the EMP cost Construction accordance with the World Bank with health and activities may pose EHS Guidelines safety provisions hazards to workers (http://www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines) monitoring through because of the use of as a minimum standard. The the Construction heavy equipment, contractor will appoint an Supervisor’s lifting of heavy loads, environment, health and safety reports. and exposure to open (EHS) officer to ensure excavations and implementation of the plan. The Report any chemicals. plan will at minimum include: complaint received from the Potential conflict with  Provision of first-aid facilities community to PIU. local people will readily accessible by occur if migrant workers. workers will be  Provision of personal brought to the site. protective equipment (PPEs) such as hard hats, gloves, rubber boots, etc.,  Wearing of PPEs while working onsite will be a mandatory requirement for workers.  Posting of safety signs/reminders in strategic areas within the construction area.  Installation of sufficient lighting at night.  Employ only trained personnel in handling chlorine during the line disinfection process.  Ensure that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed and trained.  Provide staff with communicable disease and HIV-related awareness training.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE The contractor will be required to provide priority hiring of qualified construction workers from the villages and to consult with the local to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the site. COVID-19 risk Siting of Camps and Field Offices Contract Included in PIU, PNP management  Not in area liable to flooding, documents to civil works Contractor landslide or other natural include the EMP cost Working Camp Siting disaster with health and and Management  Not in area affected by safety provisions construction dust, noise, monitoring through sewage or other pollution the Construction  Not in a residential area Supervisor’s reports. Minimum housing standards  separate bed for each Report any worker complaint received  beds should not be arranged from the in tiers of more than two; community to PIU.  separate accommodation of the sexes or to accommodate couples  adequate natural light during the daytime and adequate artificial light  adequate ventilation to ensure sufficient movement of air  adequate supply of safe potable water  adequate sanitary facilities  adequate drainage  adequate furniture for each worker to secure his or her belongings, such as a locker.  common dining areas, canteens or mess rooms, located away from the sleeping areas  appropriately situated and furnished laundry facilities  reasonable access to plug sockets for charging telephones and other devices  rest and recreation areas and health facilities, where not available in the community

Minimum accommodation sizes  Sleeping space □ inside dimensions over 198 centimetres by 80 centimetres;  Sleeping room

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE □ headroom of over 203 centimeters allowing full free movement □ Beds minimum 2m apart for COVID-19 risk management

Sanitation Facilities  One toilet, one tap / basin, one toilet for every 6 people  Convenient location to accommodation  Provision of soap  Separate facilities for men and women  Ventilation to open air  Fresh cold running water  Clean and hygienic  Septic tank/sewage treatment facility, or pit latrines located at least 200m from surface waters, and in areas of suitable soil profiles and above the groundwater levels

Health and Safety within worker accommodation  Separate area for sick workers to prevent transmission of disease  Smoke detector in sleeping area  Fire safety throughout accommodation such as fire extinguishers, fire alarms, fire blankets  Worker training in fire prevention and procedures  Fire exit sign, adequate means of escape and clearly maintained exit  Security lighting within camp and for sanitation block and lighting for route from sleeping area to sanitation block  Electrical cables to be in safe condition, elevated and not in areas liable to flood

Inspection  2 weekly inspections to inspect for cleanliness, state of repair of building, accommodation and fire equipment.  Record inspection results and retain for review

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE COVID-19 risk Form a joint team to plan and Contract Included in PIU, PNP management organize commencement and/or documents to civil works Contractor return to work include the EMP cost Construction site  Develop or convene a joint with health and working conditions occupational safety and safety provisions health committee with monitoring through members representing the the Construction employer and workers Supervisor’s  Train team members on the reports. basic principles for the formulation and Report any implementation of complaint received occupational safety and from the health preventive and control community to PIU. measures.  Develop and communicate a work plan on safe working for COVID-19  Such plan should be fully aligned with any government regulations and guidelines on COVID-19 prevention and control, or in the absence thereof, with international good practice guidelines as may be updated from time to time

Risk assessment to decide when to work, who works and how  Undertake a risk assessment to determine the preventive and control measures  Ensure preventative measures are in place before resuming or beginning construction work

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE way systems. This includes sleeping areas which must be a minimum of 2 meters between  beds  Put in place training and information on COVID-19 and measures required for its management.  The construction site is to be segregated to the extent possible in zones or other methods to keep different crews physically separated at all time  Stagger break and lunch schedules to minimize the number of people in close proximity to one another

Regularly clean and disinfect  Increase the frequency of cleaning and disinfection, in particular heavily trafficked areas and common areas, including work camps  All door handles, railings, ladders, switches, controls, eating surfaces, shared tools and equipment, taps, toilets, and personal areas are wiped down at least twice a day with a disinfectant  Discourage the sharing of items such as cups, glasses, plates, tools

Promote personal hygiene  Provide workers with the conditions and means necessary for frequent hand washing (soap, water or alcohol gel) with a posted hand washing protocol at site entries, exits, bathrooms, communal areas, offices, and any other areas with commonly touched surfaces  Inform workers of the need to avoid physical contact when greeting, and avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth  Inform workers of the need to cover the mouth and nose with a disposable handkerchief when coughing or sneezing or the crook of their arm

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Dispose of tissues in a lined and covered waste bin and wash hands afterwards

Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) and inform workers of its correct use  Identify appropriate PPE related to the tasks and health and safety risks faced by workers according to the results of risk assessment and the level of risk, and provide it to workers free of charge and in sufficient number, along with instructions, procedures, training and supervision  Non-medical face-coverings (such as Hommade cloth masks) should be worn as mitigation for catching and transmitting the virus, but are not to be treated as substitutes for proper handwashing

Health surveillance and insurance  Before entering the site, staff and visitors must confirm that they are not currently exhibiting flu-like symptoms  Monitor the health status of workers, develop protocols for cases of suspected and confirmed COVID-19. The protocol will state that:  workers with symptoms or confirmed cases must be isolated within the construction camp or stay at Hom for 7 days after symptoms started □ If symptoms persist after 7 days, the person must isolate until the symptoms stop □ People who have been in close contact with the person with confirmed COVID-19 be quarantined for 14 days  All workers in quarantine or isolation must be provided with adequate food, water, medical assistance and sanitation

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Identify workers who have had close contact with people infected with COVID- 19 and follow national medical guidance  Communicate confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection to the appropriate authorities  All workers should be provided with health insurance that includes COVID-19 treatment

Consider other hazards, including psychosocial  Promote a safe and healthy working environment free from violence and harassment.  Encourage health promotion and wellbeing in the workplace through enough rest, balance of physical and mental activity and adequate work life balance  Implement prevention and control measures for the use and storage of chemicals, particularly those used for disinfection during COVID- 19

Review emergency preparedness plans  Develop an emergency plan adapted to COVID-19 and regularly review it

Review and update preventive and control measures as the situation evolves

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Generation of As project policy, water Monitor the Part of PNP incremental connection will be provided only number of PNP Xaisomboun wastewater and if the household has an approved households with operations increased burden on sanitation facility to cope with the latrines and with cost drainage systems increased wastewater generated. water connections, This policy and the public population served, To be awareness raising initiatives was and billed water arranged Increased water presented to the villages. volume. public supply to public institution buildings and The public institution shall sign a households will service and management Monitor that the generate additional agreement before construction service and quantities of and have sufficient funds to management wastewater. maintain the facility. agreements are followed and facilities are properly maintained. Deterioration of water Monitor community activities in Monitor the Part of PNP quality the catchment area to check following PNP Xaisomboun activities at the upstream that parameters: operations Potential may cause contamination of raw cost deterioration in water quality. Daily at the inlet to quality of raw water the treatment supply and of treated Provide laboratory test plant: turbidity, pH water equipment and training to allow the PNP to conduct regular Daily after the monitoring of raw and treated reservoir: pH, water quality parameters. turbidity, residual Potential risk on chlorine, public health in Follow O&M standard operating temperature deterioration of procedures in accordance with treated water quality the water treatment plant Weekly at several due to use of poor manuals. locations in the quality treatment network: residual chemicals Use of potable grade chemicals, chlorine, pH, especially PAC, and request a turbidity Supplier product specification data sheet signed off by a Annually after reputable external laboratory. Clearwater tank: chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), sodium (Na), sulfate ion, zinc (Zn), conductivity, total hardness as CaCO3 High Pressure and This risk will be minimized by: (i) Daily visual Part of PNP Leaks on the Pipeline the use of durable standard pipes monitoring of PNP Xaisomboun for the main and secondary (rider pipelines. operations The proposed mains) lines, (ii) use of pressure cost distribution network reducing valves for the rider will have sections mains, (iii) careful construction located at low supervision by the Project elevations which may Implementation Assistance experience high Consultants PMC to ensure that water pressure which pipe laying and jointing is done to may potentially result the highest standard by the

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE in leakages in the line contractor, and (v) regular and ultimately water inspection of the network and loss prompt isolation and repair when leaks occur. Disposal of backwash Periodic discharges from the Check condition of Part of PNP water and sediments sedimentation tanks will be detention ponds; PNP Xaisomboun from WTP collected to a detention pond to report frequency/ operations separate the concentrated waste schedule of cost Backwash water and sludge or sediments. Land backwashing sludge from the application of wastes with high sedimentation tanks dissolved solids concentrations will be generated from the detention pond is from the cleaning of preferred over discharge to a filters and tanks. landfill. Backwash water and sludge contain high total suspended solids. Occupational health Provide secure, dry and well Training Part of PNP and safety ventilated storage facilities for undertaken for PNP Xaisomboun chlorine and other hazardous staff on chemicals operations Potential hazards to chemicals. handling and cost WTP workers due to monitoring and accidental release of Use chlorine compounds in reporting of chlorine powder form. incidents

Training of staff and allocation of responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled. Generation of Sludge The sludge that will be generated Quarterly check on Part of PNP from Detention Ponds from the detention ponds will be the volume of PNP Xaisomboun dredged and disposed as backfill sludge in the operations material in low-lying areas to be detention ponds. cost Increased volume of identified by the village leaders. sludge in detention No land application of the ponds. generated sludge without the required approval by the village authorities. Community health Facilities (Intake, WTP and Daily log of Part of PNP and safety Laboratory, Office and Reservoir) security personnel PNP Xaisomboun properly fenced and secured and operations Potential hazards to watchmen/security personnel to cost residents in affected be employed on a 24-hour basis. communities. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease, EHS = environment, health, and safety, EMP = environmental management plan, ILO = International Labor Organization, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, N/A = not applicable, O&M = operation and maintenance, PAC = polyaluminum chloride, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultants, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), PPE = personal protection equipment, WTP = water treatment plant.

B. Monitoring and Reporting Requirements

194. Pre-construction Phase. The EMP/CEMP monitoring during the pre-construction phase of the subproject will be undertaken by the PMC consultant (Appendix I - Template of Project Environmental Safeguards Monitoring Report). Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be prepared by the PCU with support of the PMC and submitted to ADB for review and disclosure on the ADB project website.

195. Construction Phase. Throughout the construction period, the contractors will submit monthly environmental compliance progress reports to the PNP, copy furnished to the PIU. The contractor should be able to highlight the summary of the progress of construction, activities undertaken within the reporting period to implement the measures outlined in the EMP/CEMP, record any community complaints received and how the complaint was resolved.

196. The PIU will consolidate the results of the monthly environmental monitoring through a quarterly progress report that will be submitted to the PCU which is based at the Department of Water Supply of the MPWT. The quarterly report will summarize the significant findings and measures undertaken to address any adverse environmental impacts during construction and also present any unforeseen environmental impacts and suggested remedial actions for the next monitoring period. Copies of the quarterly progress report prepared by the PIU will be given to the members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee and the District Governors. PCU will consolidate information from quarterly progress reports, compile and submit the environmental safeguards monitoring report semi-annually to ADB.

197. Once the reports are received by the PCU, these will be reviewed relative to subproject compliance with the indicators defined in the EMP/CEMP. The PCU will submit the quarterly reports to the Department of Water Supply of MPWT and other national agencies (MONRE, MOF, MOPC, etc.), and to ADB. The PCU will also prepare the quarterly Project Progress Reports including the main points of environmental monitoring and the semi-annual environmental safeguards monitoring reports in English to be submitted to ADB.

198. Operational Phase. The EMP monitoring during the operational phase will be undertaken by the PNP. Semi-annual reports will be submitted by the PIU to the PCU. The PCU will review the report and check the project’s adherence to the EMP and then submit the semi-annual environmental safeguards monitoring reports to ADB until the Project Completion Report (PCR) is prepared. The monitoring parameters during the operational phase, as outlined in the EMP, include monitoring of water quality at the inlet of the WTP and of treated water. Table 18 presents the EMP Reporting Plan while Table 19 shows the Matrix for reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results.

Table 18: EMP Reporting Plan TYPE OF REPORT BASIC CONTENT PREPARED BY SUBMITTED TO FREQUENCY PRE-CONSTRUCTION THROUGH OPERATIONAL PHASE PCU, MPWT, IEE report IEE and EMP Report Part of FS report DWS ADB CONSTRUCTION PHASE Progress of construction, including Construction Progress EMP/CEMP monitoring PCU and copy Contractor Monthly Report results, complaints furnished to PIU received and actions taken Progress of construction, PCU, EMP/CEMP Progress Report PIU District Governor, Quarterly implementation, PPSC complaints received and actions taken Progress of MPWT, MONRE, construction, PCU, and other national Progress Report Quarterly safeguards DWS agencies (EMP/CEMP and ADB

TYPE OF REPORT BASIC CONTENT PREPARED BY SUBMITTED TO FREQUENCY LACP) implementation, complaints received and actions taken Project progress report including EMP/CEMP Semi-annual implementation and PCU, MPWT, Semi-annual Environmental compliance with ADB’s DWS ADB until PCR Progress Report policies and regulations including GRMs recorded. OPERATIONAL PHASE Subproject progress report including EMP Semi-annual Progress Report PNP PCU implementation and until PCR monitoring Subproject progress Environmental report including EMP PCU, MPWT, Semi-annual Safeguards implementation and DWS ADB until PCR Monitoring Report compliance with ADB’s policies and regulations After physical Project evaluation, completion of the MPWT, PCR lessons learnt and PCU subproject and ADB recommendations before end of contract of PMC ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, EMP = environmental management plan, FS = feasibility study, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IEE = initial environmental examination, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, PCR = project completion report, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultant, PPSC = provincial project steering committee.

Table 19: Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results

Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity ______

WATER MONITORING RESULTS

Province: ______No: ______/WS.LNT District: ______Date: ______Water Supply and Transport Division Time: ______Water Supply of State Enterprise POINT HOM HOUSE TURBIDITY CHORINE COLOR NO VILLAGE PH SMELL PASS FAIL NOTATION TEST NO TYPE 5NTU CL2 MG/L 5TCU

______Date: ______Director, Water Supply of State Enterprise Chief of Water Treatment Plant Researcher: ______

C. Implementation Arrangements

199. Table 20 sets out the Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management. The Ministry of Public Works and Transport - Department of Water Supply and the PNP are the key institutions that will play crucial roles in the implementation of the subproject as well as in ensuring the proper and timely implementation of the requisite environment safeguard reports. The succeeding sections details the administrative and environmental management responsibilities of the concerned institutions.

Table 20: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management AGENCY ROLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION • Overall central level supervision and guidance related to natural resources and environment in MONRE/ the Lao PDR. The agency is in-charge of ✓ ✓ DONRE reviewing the IEE, issuing ECC and monitoring environmental compliance. • Overall supervision of subproject environmental screening and classification, IEE/EMP preparation and implementation. • Review of IEE/EMP, submission to ADB and coordination of approvals • Uploading of the IEE/EMP on MPWT website • Ensuring EMP is included in bid and contract documentation • Review and clearance of the contractor EMP (CEMP) ✓ (prior to PCU • Monitor the project’s adherence to the EMP and ✓ ensure corrective actions are implemented. PCR) • Review the quarterly environmental monitoring reports prepared by the PIU during the construction phase and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB. • Review the semi-annual progress report prepared by the PNP during the operational phase and submit the report to ADB. • Prepare environment section of Project Completion Report. • Principal responsibility for EMP and safeguards GRM implementation • Preparation of IEE and contract documentation after subproject screening having been cleared • Submission of IEE to PPSC and DONRE for reference during monitoring • Facilitate public and stakeholder consultation during IEE/EMP preparation. Conduct consultations with local residents in respect of PIU specific sites where the proposed works will ✓ ✓ include excavation, determine the need for any further investigation and/or clearance services and submit to the PCU • Review and approve CEMP that establishes the contractor’s management and compliance requirements with the construction section of the EMP. Ensure the CEMP contains an updated health and safety plan to account for COVID-19 measures as per the national requirements at that time.

AGENCY ROLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION • Monitor compliance of the contractor with the EMP and CEMP. • Monitor GRM and effective resolution of complaints. • Consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports prepared by contractor through a quarterly progress report to be submitted to the PCU. • Provide members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee and the District Governor with copies of the quarterly progress report • Support PCU and PIU with subproject screening in line with EARF and preparation of IEEs and EMPs • Provide training for PCU, PIUs and Contractors on EMP requirements. • Advise on issues arising with EMP and GRM PMC ✓ ✓ implementation • Support PCU/PIU with development and implementation of corrective action plans • Support PCU/PIUs with preparation of semi- annual environmental monitoring reports and environment section of project completion report. • Coordination of provincial and district agencies for PPSC EMP implementation during construction and ✓ ✓ operation and ensuring compliance monitoring. • Participation in PIU ✓ • Implementation of operational aspects related to PNP water supply output in the EMP ✓ • Conduct water quality monitoring at WTP inlet, treated water, and distribution lines • Participation in PPSC ✓ • Implementation of operational aspects related to OPWT drainage ✓ • and public sanitation output in the EMP • Participation in PPSC ✓ DOH • Participation in environmental monitoring and ✓ awareness raising ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease, DOH = District Heath Office, DONRE = Department of Natural Resources and Environment, EARF = environmental assessment and review framework, ECC = environmental compliance certificate, EMP = environmental management plan, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IEE = initial environmental examination, MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, OPWT = Office of Public Works and Transport (District), PCR = project completion report, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultants, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), PPSC = provincial project steering committee, WTP = water treatment plant.

1. Department of Water Supply - Ministry of Public Works and Transport

200. The Department of Water Supply of the MPWT as Executing Agency (EA) will house the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) of the WSSP and will be the primary point of contact with ADB. The Department of Water Supply will head the PCU. The PCU will receive overall direction and policy guidance from a Project Steering Committee (PSC), which includes representatives of the main central level agencies, including MONRE.

2. Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

201. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) at the provincial level, will be responsible to the day-to-day coordination and supervision of project implementation. The PIU is headed by the Director of the PNP. The PIU will receive support in coordinating the provincial and district agencies including the DONRE offices and take decisions on behalf of the provincial government from a Provincial Project Steering Committee (PPSC), chaired by the Provincial Vice Governor. At the district level, the District Government or Vice Governor will oversee the subproject, monitor progress, review quality of work, coordinate the subproject with the PIU and local communities and report on the progress to the PPSC.

3. Environmental Monitoring

202. Table 21 presents the environmental monitoring plan and performance indicators during the construction and operational phases of the subproject based on the EMP.

Table 21: Environmental Monitoring Plan ENVIRONMENTAL MEANS OF PARAMETERS LOCATION PERFORMANCE FREQUENCY MONITORING INDICATOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE All project sites Adherence to provisions (intake, WTP, Compliance in the EMP/CEMP to reservoir, access Compliance with monitoring by Daily mitigate construction roads, main and EMP/CEMP contractor and impacts distribution PIU network) Direct effects on All project sites Through communities from (intake, WTP, Views and opinions of community impacts such as damage reservoir, access communities and feedback and Weekly to properties, dust roads, main and complaints received grievance generation, noise, and distribution via GRM redress safety network) mechanism Monitoring of EMP/CEMP during Compliance All roads, construction/excavation, Compliance with monitoring by particularly at road Daily including compliance EMP/CEMP contractor and pipe crossings with traffic management PIU requirements Residual chlorine during Residual Residual chlorine pipeline and reservoir Pipeline and Prior to chlorine testing should be less than 2 disinfection prior to reservoir decommissioning or report on mg/l before flushing commissioning dilution activity OPERATIONAL PHASE Number of households with latrines and with Wastewater water connections, Villages Monthly PNP records management population served, and billed water volume Water abstraction rate Raw water source Intake Monthly PNP records at intake Water quality of raw and Inlet of WTP pH, turbidity Daily In-site test kits treated water WTP and sampling After the reservoir: pH, stations Using portable Water quality of treated turbidity, residual strategically Daily test kits and/or water and at the chlorine, and scattered around analysis in distribution networks temperature the distribution laboratory

area

ENVIRONMENTAL MEANS OF PARAMETERS LOCATION PERFORMANCE FREQUENCY MONITORING INDICATOR At locations in the Weekly distribution system: Residual chlorine, pH, turbidity

After the Clearwater tank: Chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), Annually mercury (Hg), sodium (Na), sulfate ion, zinc (Zn), conductivity, total hardness as CaCO3 Schedule of PNP records Backwash water and backwashing and WTP Monthly and site sediments from WTP condition of detention observation ponds Staff training on Before the start of Occupational health and chemicals handling WTP operation WTP PNP records safety and monitoring of and throughout incidents operation CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, EMP = environmental management plan, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, PIU = project implementation unit, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), WTP = water treatment plant.

4. Capacity Building

203. The branch office of PNP Longxan and Hom Districts lacks the capacity for environmental management and monitoring and water quality testing. The subproject will include equipment for a small water testing laboratory at the proposed WTP site. Regular water quality tests on the raw and treated water will help determine appropriate dosing of chemicals to be applied at the WTP as well as ensure potable water quality at the distribution lines. The BNP will receive training on the operation, calibration, and maintenance of the laboratory equipment. At the minimum, the laboratory will include portable equipment for testing of turbidity, temperature, residual chlorine, pH, and coli form. The BNP staff will also be trained on the proper and correct sampling and preservation methods for water samples that will be brought to external laboratories for analysis.

5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs

204. The cost for the environmental safeguard activities during construction, i.e. preparation of CEMP, environmental management, review, and monitoring, for the subproject will be primarily included in the civil works cost. The cost of environmental management and monitoring activities during the operational phase will be borne by the PNP, as part of operation and maintenance activities.

XI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

205. This IEE for the Xaisomboun Province – Longxan and Hom Districts subprojects was undertaken to determine the environmental issues and concerns associated with the proposed water supply system subproject. The assessment confirms that the subproject remains classified as Category B for environment based on ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). The subprojects will have beneficial impacts on health and well-being of the people because of

improved accessibility to potable and reliable water supply. There are also health benefits in the form of reduced incidence of diarrhoea, dysentery, skin rashes, and other water-borne diseases as a result of hygiene promotion activities and improved access to safe water for the community.

206. Most of the environmental impacts are expected to occur during the construction phase. The environmental impacts are not expected to cause irreversible and significant adverse environmental impacts and are easily controllable by appropriate and conventional mitigation measures. Based on the assessment of environmental impacts, the anticipated adverse impacts during project implementation are related to nuisances which may happen during the construction of the subproject components such as temporary alienation of access, temporary disruption of community facilities, noise, and sediment runoff, release of dust and engine gas emissions. Recommendations formulated in the EMPs, its inclusion in the contractual framework, and an effective inspection of construction sites will reduce these risks to an acceptable level.

207. Environmental mitigation measures have been designed as outlined in the subproject EMP for both subprojects to address any adverse impacts during the various phases of project implementation. The EMPs also present the institutional responsibilities for implementing the mitigation measures. All Subproject activities prior to construction, during construction and during operation will be managed as provided in the EMPs and the Contractor’s compliance and implementation of the mitigation measures shall be monitored. An environmental monitoring plan has been provided to ensure water quality is maintained according to the prevailing Lao standards.

208. The IEE concludes that the subproject combined with available information on affected environment is sufficient to identify the scope of environmental impacts of the subproject. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

APPENDIXES

Appendix A: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: LAO PDR: Water Supply Sector Project (Longxan District Subproject) Sector Division: SEUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the project area… Densely populated? X The service area and locations of project components are in urban town centers. These areas are not densely populated. Heavy with development activities? X Development activities in the service area are limited to small-medium sized commercial activities. Most of the area is used for residential purposes with some paddy fields. Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive X The Phou Khao Khouay National Bio- areas? Diversity Conservation Area is more than 20 kilometers (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject. Cultural heritage site X Not applicable Protected Area X The Phou Khao Khouay National Bio- Diversity Conservation Area is more than 20 kilometers (aerial distance) south of the Longxan District Subproject. Wetland X Not applicable Mangrove X Not applicable Estuarine X Not applicable Buffer zone of protected area X Not applicable Special area for protecting biodiversity X Not applicable Bay X Not applicable B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… ▪ pollution of raw water supply from upstream X There are no settlements in the wastewater discharge from communities, industries, upstream. agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? ▪ impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas X There are no historical/cultural sites and loss/damage to these sites? that will be affected by the project. ▪ hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive X Not applicable. ground water pumping? ▪ social conflicts arising from displacement of X Not applicable. communities ?

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS ▪ conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply X There is sufficient water in Nam with other beneficial water uses for surface and Khone River for downstream users. ground waters? Villagers disclosed that even during the dry season, the river still has water. ▪ unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive X The current condition of the raw pathogens or mineral constituents)? water in Nam Khone River is satisfactory. A WTP is proposed for the subproject to improve quality of water supply. ▪ delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? X The subproject will ensure delivery of safe and potable water. ▪ inadequate protection of intake works or wells, X Measures are included in the EMP to leading to pollution of water supply? protect intake works against contamination. ▪ over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization X Not applicable. Groundwater and ground subsidence? abstraction is not included in the scheme. ▪ excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? X Disinfection will be undertaken to prevent algal growth. ▪ increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities X The project policy will ensure that of community facilities? households have pit latrines before connecting to the water supply system. The drainage and sanitation concerns will be addressed in if needed under the Project. ▪ inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment X Back wash water from sand filters plants? and sludge resulting from the WTP process will be piped into detention pond and clarified water discharged into a drainage pipe. Sludge will be removed from the retention pond periodically and disposed to agricultural land as soil conditioner. ▪ inadequate buffer zone around pumping and X Noise control measures are included treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible in the EMP. nuisances and protect facilities? ▪ impairments associated with transmission lines and X Installation of pipelines will affect access roads? access of vehicles and passersby. A management plan is included in the EMP. ▪ health hazards arising from inadequate design of X The WTP will include a chlorination facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of and coagulation which needs proper chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. chemical storage and handling system to avoid health hazards. ▪ health and safety hazards to workers from handling X Workers and staff of the WTP will be and management of chlorine used for disinfection, oriented on the proper handling of other contaminants, and biological and physical coagulants and chlorine. hazards during project construction and operation? ▪ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? X Not applicable ▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and X Not applicable children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups? ▪ noise and dust from construction activities? X Noise and dust may be generated during the construction of the subproject components (intake, WTP, pipelines and secondary mains). Mitigating measures are incorporated in the EMP.

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS ▪ increased road traffic due to interference of X Some roads may be blocked during construction activities? construction of the lines. Also, the movement of vehicles carrying construction materials along the narrow roads to the subproject component sites may cause disturbances. Traffic management incorporated in the EMP. ▪ continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction X Temporary silt runoff from excavation operations? activities may be generated. Silt traps and other measures to control sediment flow into rivers are included in the EMP. ▪ delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment X O&M training will be provided to the processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) operators of the WTP and water and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate distribution system resulting monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution preventing delivering of unsafe water. systems? ▪ delivery of water to distribution system, which is X Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) will be corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of used as primary coagulant to corrective chemicals? maintain pH above 7.2. ▪ accidental leakage of chlorine gas? X Powder chlorine will be used. ▪ ▪ excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream X Abstraction will be limited to the water users? capacity of the WTP. ▪ competing uses of water? X The proposed abstraction rate is minimal and that there will be sufficient water for downstream users. ▪ increased sewage flow due to increased water X Improvement in water supply may supply result to increased water consumption and therefore increase the volume of sewage. Households will be required to have a pit latrine with soakaways if needed for connecting to the water supply system. ▪ increased volume of sullage (wastewater from X There is potential increase in sullage cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater with improvement in water supply. treatment plant Drainage improvement measures will be provided as part of the village improvement activities. ▪ large population influx during project construction X Not applicable and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? ▪ social conflicts if workers from other regions or X PIU and contractor will be required to countries are hired? hire qualified locals during construction and operation. ▪ risks to community health and safety due to the X Not applicable transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction? ▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and X Not applicable natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

A CHECKLIST FOR PRELIMINARY CLIMATE RISK SCREENING

Country/Project Title: LAO PDR: WATER SUPPLY SECTOR PROJECT SUBPROJECT: LONGXAN DISTRICT Sector: WATER SUPPLY Subsector: Division/Department: SEUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS SCORE REMARKS Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its 0 The river has not dried up even components) likely to be affected by climate during the dry months. The WTP conditions including extreme weather related and reservoir are located in events such as floods, droughts, storms, elevated areas and will not be landslides? affected by extreme floods. Location and 1 Design of intake needs to Design of project Would the project design (e.g. the clearance consider highest and lowest flows for bridges) need to consider any hydro- of the river and rainfall intensity. meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, River level assessments will be peak river flow, reliable water level, peak undertaken as part of the wind speed etc.)? monitoring plan. Would weather, current and likely future 0 climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- Materials and meteorological parameters likely affect the Maintenance selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future 0 climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ? Would weather/climate conditions, and 0 related extreme events likely affect the Performance of performance (e.g. annual power production) project outputs of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, and High): Total score is 1 thus MEDIUM RISK

Other Comments: The initial climate risk rating is medium, and hence the project will undertake a CRVA to ensure adaptation and mitigation options are integrated in the design of the project and contributions to

ADB climate finance targets optimized. The project design will specifically be applying a mainstreaming lens for the inclusion of climate resilience measures throughout that will also include DRR measures, as well as nature-based solutions where possible within the designated mitigation actions.

Prepared by: ______

Instructions:

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: LAO PDR: Water Supply Sector Project (Hom District Subproject) Sector Division: SEUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the project area… Densely populated? X The service area and locations of project components are in urban town centers. These areas are not densely populated. Heavy with development activities? X Development activities in the service area are limited to small-medium sized commercial activities. Most of the area is used for residential purposes with some paddy fields. Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive X The Phou Khao Khouay National Bio- areas? Diversity Conservation Area is more than 40 kilometers (aerial distance) south of the Hom District Subproject. Cultural heritage site X Not applicable Protected Area X The Phou Khao Khouay National Bio- Diversity Conservation Area is more than 40 kilometers (aerial distance) south of the Hom District Subproject. Wetland X Not applicable Mangrove X Not applicable Estuarine X Not applicable Buffer zone of protected area X Not applicable Special area for protecting biodiversity X Not applicable Bay X Not applicable B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… ▪ pollution of raw water supply from upstream X There are no settlements in the wastewater discharge from communities, industries, upstream. agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? ▪ impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas X There are no historical/cultural sites and loss/damage to these sites? that will be affected by the project. ▪ hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive X Not applicable. ground water pumping? ▪ social conflicts arising from displacement of X Not applicable. communities ? ▪ conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply X There is sufficient water in Nam with other beneficial water uses for surface and Khien River for downstream users. ground waters? Villagers disclosed that even during

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS the dry season, the river still has water. ▪ unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive X The current condition of the raw pathogens or mineral constituents)? water in Nam Khien River is satisfactory. A WTP is proposed for the subproject to improve quality of water supply. ▪ delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? X The subproject will ensure delivery of safe and potable water. ▪ inadequate protection of intake works or wells, X Measures are included in the EMP to leading to pollution of water supply? protect intake works against contamination. ▪ over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization X Not applicable. Groundwater and ground subsidence? abstraction is not included in the scheme. ▪ excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? X Disinfection will be undertaken to prevent algal growth. ▪ increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities X The project policy will ensure that of community facilities? households have pit latrines before connecting to the water supply system. The drainage and sanitation concerns will be addressed as part of the village improvement activities of WSSP. ▪ inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment X Back wash water from sand filters plants? and sludge resulting from the WTP process will be piped into detention pond and clarified water discharged into a drainage pipe. Sludge will be removed from the retention pond periodically and disposed to agricultural land as soil conditioner. ▪ inadequate buffer zone around pumping and X Noise control measures are included treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible in the EMP. nuisances and protect facilities? ▪ impairments associated with transmission lines and X Installation of pipelines will affect access roads? access of vehicles and passersby. A management plan is included in the EMP. ▪ health hazards arising from inadequate design of X The WTP will include a chlorination facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of and coagulation which needs proper chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. chemical storage and handling system to avoid health hazards. ▪ health and safety hazards to workers from handling X Workers and staff of the WTP will be and management of chlorine used for disinfection, oriented on the proper handling of other contaminants, and biological and physical coagulants and chlorine. hazards during project construction and operation? ▪ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? X Not applicable ▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and X Not applicable children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups? ▪ noise and dust from construction activities? X Noise and dust may be generated during the construction of the subproject components (intake, WTP, pipelines and secondary mains). Mitigating measures are incorporated in the EMP. ▪ increased road traffic due to interference of X Some roads may be blocked during construction activities? construction of the lines. Also, the movement of vehicles carrying

SCREENING QUESTIONS YES NO REMARKS construction materials along the narrow roads to the subproject component sites may cause disturbances. Traffic management incorporated in the EMP. ▪ continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction X Temporary silt runoff from excavation operations? activities may be generated. Silt traps and other measures to control sediment flow into rivers are included in the EMP. ▪ delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment X O&M training will be provided to the processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) operators of the WTP and water and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate distribution system resulting monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution preventing delivering of unsafe water. systems? ▪ delivery of water to distribution system, which is X Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) will be corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of used as primary coagulant to corrective chemicals? maintain pH above 7.2. ▪ accidental leakage of chlorine gas? X Powder chlorine will be used. ▪ ▪ excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream X Abstraction will be limited to the water users? capacity of the WTP. ▪ competing uses of water? X The proposed abstraction rate is minimal and that there will be sufficient water for downstream users. ▪ increased sewage flow due to increased water X Improvement in water supply may supply result to increased water consumption and therefore increase the volume of sewage. Households will be required to have a pit latrine with soakaways if needed for connecting to the water supply system. ▪ increased volume of sullage (wastewater from X There is potential increase in sullage cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater with improvement in water supply. treatment plant Drainage improvement measures will be provided as part of the village improvement activities. ▪ large population influx during project construction X Not applicable and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? ▪ social conflicts if workers from other regions or X PIU and contractor will be required to countries are hired? hire qualified locals during construction and operation. ▪ risks to community health and safety due to the X Not applicable transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction? ▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and X Not applicable natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

A CHECKLIST FOR PRELIMINARY CLIMATE RISK SCREENING

Country/Project Title: LAO PDR: WATER SUPPLY SECTOR PROJECT SUBPROJECT: HOM DISTRICT Sector: WATER SUPPLY Subsector: Division/Department: SEUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS SCORE REMARKS Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its 0 The river has not dried up even components) likely to be affected by climate during the dry months. The WTP conditions including extreme weather related and reservoir are located in events such as floods, droughts, storms, elevated areas and will not be landslides? affected by extreme floods. Location and 1 Design of intake needs to Design of project Would the project design (e.g. the clearance consider highest and lowest flows for bridges) need to consider any hydro- of the river and rainfall intensity. meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, River level assessments will be peak river flow, reliable water level, peak undertaken as part of the wind speed etc)? monitoring plan. Would weather, current and likely future 0 climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro- Materials and meteorological parameters likely affect the Maintenance selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future 0 climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ? Would weather/climate conditions, and 0 related extreme events likely affect the Performance of performance (e.g. annual power production) project outputs of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, and High): Total score is 1 thus MEDIUM RISK

Other Comments:

The initial climate risk rating is medium, and hence the project will uptake from the CRVA to ensure adaptation and mitigation options are integrated in the design of the project and contributions to ADB climate finance targets optimized.

Prepared by: ______

Appendix B: Environmental Compliance Certificate for Longxan and Hom Subprojects

Lao People's Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity

Xaisomboun Province Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment No.1293/PONRE-XSB Xaisomboun, date on 26 August 2020

Environmental Compliance Certificate

- Pursuant to the Environmental Protection Law (Amendment), No.29/NA, date on 18 December 2012. - Pursuant to the Decree on Compensation and Resettlement Management in Development Projects, No.84/PM, date on 5 April 2016 (If required for compensation). - Pursuant to the Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment, No.21/GO, date on 31 January 2019. - Pursuant to the Decree on Economic Development Policy for Xaisomboun Province, No.414/GO, date on 10 December 2019. - Pursuant to the Agreement of the Minister for Natural Resources and Environment, No.3171/MONRE, date on 1 August 2017, on Organization and Implementation of Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment. - Pursuant to the Submission Letter of the Water Supply Department, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, No.0107/ຄນປສ, date on 6 August 2020. - Refer to the Minutes of Meeting, date on 7 July 2020.

The Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment (PONRE) agreed: 1. To issue the Environmental Compliance Certificate regarding to endorse the Initial Environmental Examination Report and the Environmental and Management Plan for Water Supply Sector Project in Longxan and Hom Districts, Xaisomboun Province. Thus, the Project Developer shall pay attention to the implementation of conditions and obligations as described in this Environmental Certificate.

2. Assign to the Environmental Division (PONRE of Xaisomboun) and the District Office of Natural Resources and Environment for Longxan and Hom districts to collaborate with relevant divisions and villages in order to monitor the implementation of environmental impact mitigation measures.

3. This Certificate will become effective on the date signing.

Director of Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment Submit the copy to: 1. Relevant Provincial Divisions 1 Copy 2. DONRE for Hom District 1 Copy Sengpanya Rattanavong 3. DONRE for Longxan District 1 Copy 4. Document record 2 Copies

Appendix C: Ministry of Public Health Drinking Water Quality Standards (2014)

PERMISSIBLE MONITORING FREQUENCY PARAMETER UNIT EXCEPTIONS LIMITS WEEKLY MONTHLY YEARLY MICROBIAL Units / E. Coli 100 <0 - ✓ mL CHEMICAL There is no exception if Aluminium (Al) mg/l <0.2 ✓ aluminum-based coagulants are used There is no exception Arsenic (As) mg/l <0.01 if source is ✓ groundwater Chloride Cl- mg/l <250 ✓ There is no exception Chlorine Cl2 mg/l 0.1 2 if chlorine is used for ✓ (free residual) – disinfection Thee is no exception if Copper (Cu) mg/l <2 copper pipe work is ✓ used There is no exception if source is surface Cyanide (Cn) mg/l <0.5 water and catchment ✓ includes gold mining / processing There is no exception if source is groundwater or Fluoride (F) mg/l <1.5 ✓ fluoride is added to water in the treatment process Iron (Fe) mg/l <0.3 ✓ Lead (Pb) mg/l <0.01 ✓ Manganese mg/l <0.1 ✓ (Mn) Mercury (Hg) mg/l <0.006 ✓ Nitrate (NO3- ) mg/l <50 ✓ Nitrite (NO2- ) mg/l <3 ✓ Sodium (Na) mg/l <200 ✓ Sulfate ion (SO 2-) mg/l <250 ✓ 4 Zinc (Zn) mg/l <3 ✓ PHYSICAL Colour TCU <5 ✓ Taste Acceptable ✓ pH 6.5-8.5 ✓ Conductivity uS/cm <1000 ✓ Turbidity NTU <5 ✓ Total hardness mg/l <300 ✓ as CaCO3

Appendix D: Provincial Government Certification for Priority Use of Nam Khone and Nam Khien Rivers

Appendix E: Provincial Government Certification of No Fish Conservation Area/Zone – Nam Khone and Nam Khien Rivers

Forthcoming – Expected by November 2020

Appendix F: Detailed Daily Precipitation and Temperature Data 2007–2013

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2007 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 8.2 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 3.7 9.6 13.8 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 26.1 0.0 0.0 34.7 1.8 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.0 8.7 2.7 0.0 6.7 44.4 33.8 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 28.3 8.9 0.0 2.4 98.5 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 16.6 46.4 65.6 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 3.8 16.1 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 13.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.3 57.6 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.1 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.7 18.3 6.2 12.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 46.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 2.5 0.0 8.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 5.2 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 39.0 1.0 40.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 21.8 2.7 26.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 27.5 5.8 3.4 19.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 12.4 26.6 0.0 85.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 34.9 23.7 7.8 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 20.7 85.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.0 13.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 0.0 21.6 0.0 9.6 0.0 12.3 21.0 10.5 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 30.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 29.3 45.9 5.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.6 5.6 0.0 30.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0.0 0.0 14.0 4.4 0.0 12.7 29.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 0.0 0.0 16.1 9.5 11.7 0.0 0.0 Total 0.0 24.1 7.6 134.9 210.1 317.8 247.2 484.6 466.6 221.0 0.0 0.0 Max 0.0 21.6 4.9 35.0 34.9 39.0 46.3 85.3 85.8 98.5 0.0 0.0

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2008 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 20.5 0.0 62.0 14.4 16.9 0.0 3.9 41.9 0.0 9.7 0.0 2 0.0 0.9 0.0 1.2 0.0 56.0 27.2 12.5 3.8 7.6 63.4 0.0 3 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.4 18.0 14.3 16.8 0.0 0.8 3.6 0.3 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 48.5 0.4 13.1 3.9 0.0 12.2 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.6 42.5 7.5 9.4 13.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 35.0 18.7 68.2 0.4 32.8 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.9 34.3 11.4 5.0 2.4 1.9 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.2 13.0 67.1 18.0 6.4 0.0 3.3 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.2 0.0 70.3 5.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.2 11.6 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 108.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.5 17.8 70.5 35.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 0.0 92.1 25.0 6.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 11.9 14.5 0.0 14.5 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.8 14.9 0.0 21.5 11.4 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 22.6 68.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.7 67.1 70.4 0.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 41.2 139.6 33.7 0.0 15.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.2 23.1 29.3 24.0 53.3 18.5 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 23.5 0.0 1.3 0.4 0.0 2.1 9.4 6.7 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 16.4 0.0 22.1 19.1 49.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 23.0 58.4 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 4.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 0.0 2.2 17.2 0.0 26.0 56.6 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 16.1 76.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 15.3 16.3 17.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 12.7 1.0 0.2 8.8 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.1 77.9 22.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 28 4.2 0.0 0.0 8.5 3.0 18.6 13.1 13.0 37.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 15.3 4.1 21.8 0.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 30 7.7 35.5 11.9 7.9 72.2 36.3 55.2 20.4 6.8 0.0 0.0 31 8.2 1.3 47.9 47.4 3.1 9.9 0.0 Total 20.3 22.1 96.3 203.0 423.5 847.6 915.6 490.6 345.7 149.6 90.8 3.4 Max 8.2 20.5 35.5 62.0 70.2 139.6 77.9 108.7 53.3 32.8 63.4 3.4

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2009 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 4.6 1.4 6.3 36.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 10.6 1.8 2.9 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 2.2 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 0.0 2.3 31.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 29.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 40.7 12.2 22.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 11.3 2.1 3.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.5 10.9 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 58.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 28.2 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 26.5 6.2 4.6 0.0 6.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 1.4 7.1 22.3 2.4 26.1 15.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 0.0 14.2 1.0 3.4 6.6 25.5 28.7 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.6 7.1 4.1 41.2 22.4 3.1 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 41.8 5.5 17.5 0.2 13.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 27.7 22.8 3.9 48.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 13.0 45.7 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.6 12.6 2.0 1.3 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 17.7 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.2 0.4 2.3 18.3 37.2 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.6 3.8 107.0 22.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 40.2 2.5 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.0 1.2 0.0 15.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 6.1 1.5 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 61.7 0.0 0.0 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.3 10.8 23.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.6 81.5 46.5 0.0 11.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.3 27.4 21.4 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 2.4 27.1 31.9 12.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0.0 0.0 8.8 10.7 6.2 2.1 18.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 0.0 2.6 8.2 6.2 0.0 0.0 4.1 Total 0.0 1.5 52.7 61.5 539.5 327.7 414.0 289.1 180.2 113.5 0.0 6.1 Max 0.0 1.5 17.7 15.7 81.5 46.5 107.0 45.7 48.7 61.7 0.0 4.1

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2010 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 96.6 3.5 8.0 12.4 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 0.2 0.0 14.0 85.1 11.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 10.3 10.6 22.9 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 28.2 11.9 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 0.6 31.5 102.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 37.4 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 9.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8 0.0 22.5 2.2 12.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.8 35.7 21.0 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 3.3 11.0 18.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.3 3.0 4.1 4.5 12.7 0.0 0.2 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 6.8 39.3 6.5 6.4 0.0 0.0 6.0 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 7.6 27.2 57.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.2 6.9 8.2 57.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 2.2 1.5 1.0 21.2 23.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 0.0 0.0 6.4 38.8 2.0 11.0 0.0 9.8 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 154.3 74.7 61.0 3.8 0.0 0.7 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.5 0.0 0.0 30.2 4.1 0.0 14.1 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.9 0.0 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 12.7 0.0 5.8 94.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 31.5 0.0 1.4 0.0 24.9 5.4 12.7 5.5 48.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 54.5 0.0 0.0 3.4 2.1 43.8 19.7 2.3 18.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 3.1 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 25.2 46.2 2.5 26.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.2 0.5 63.5 94.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 36.0 0.2 19.9 1.0 0.0 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 48.0 12.4 0.0 0.4 63.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.9 19.9 14.8 4.5 3.2 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.6 35.2 44.6 35.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.8 11.8 28.1 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.8 0.4 1.4 43.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 0.0 1.3 13.2 1.2 26.6 0.0 0.0 Total 99.2 0.0 15.4 120.0 215.9 430.5 678.7 700.8 595.4 84.3 1.0 16.7 Max 54.5 0.0 12.7 23.8 48.0 94.5 154.3 94.0 102.8 19.9 1.0 9.8

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2011 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.7 9.0 103.0 42.2 40.4 23.3 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 1.7 10.5 29.4 6.3 8.6 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.1 0.0 1.6 11.5 6.3 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 8.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 53.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 1.8 0.0 0.0 16.7 1.4 8.9 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.8 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 4.1 36.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 20.5 5.6 0.0 1.0 4.2 0.8 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 22.3 0.0 12.5 0.0 4.3 25.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.6 61.2 16.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 20.3 37.1 38.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.3 9.2 9.5 13.7 102.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 2.6 7.2 27.5 2.3 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 1.3 32.5 0.0 35.1 0.0 15.3 3.9 57.5 5.1 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 30.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 36.2 3.0 36.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 25.5 0.0 32.7 25.0 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 44.2 0.0 20.0 0.0 16.0 54.7 28.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 17.4 10.3 12.8 3.0 1.2 2.0 17.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 5.2 13.7 98.6 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 10.5 18.3 17.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 68.6 1.1 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.8 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 7.8 0.0 0.0 8.4 4.1 35.4 0.0 28.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.8 15.6 12.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 309.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 0.0 77.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 23.0 5.3 14.5 11.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.3 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 29 0.0 9.1 40.2 0.0 4.4 2.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0.0 0.0 17.3 0.0 108.2 105.6 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 0.0 0.0 17.0 38.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.2 13.0 149.1 109.1 306.4 834.3 678.4 490.8 525.0 78.1 25.8 0.0 Max 0.2 7.8 44.2 40.2 35.1 309.5 105.6 98.6 102.0 23.3 25.0 0.0

100

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2012 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.7 61.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.8 2.1 1.7 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 5.6 11.0 0.0 27.0 2.9 1.8 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.0 0.0 3.3 38.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 26.4 0.0 4.3 0.6 4.7 39.0 5.2 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 12.5 38.4 24.1 0.0 65.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 61.5 4.7 17.1 30.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.9 18.8 57.6 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 29.1 2.9 0.0 49.5 43.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 18.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 2.5 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 38.6 6.3 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 3.7 0.0 17.0 0.0 27.7 0.0 0.9 10.0 1.6 26.9 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 22.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 11.8 63.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.6 2.8 2.5 1.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 34.4 0.8 9.2 21.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 26.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 17.5 1.8 1.8 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 1.8 3.4 60.4 58.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 7.6 18.8 8.9 22.6 0.0 10.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.3 7.2 35.7 50.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.9 8.9 3.5 16.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 14.0 2.9 0.0 0.7 1.4 0.0 11.2 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 69.0 0.0 3.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.4 13.3 0.0 5.7 12.6 0.0 0.0 11.0 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 27.7 0.0 40.3 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0.0 0.0 17.0 1.0 0.0 65.3 17.8 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 31 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 20.0 0.0 0.0 Total 5.7 11.4 51.7 156.8 384.8 336.8 455.5 408.7 353.8 67.8 44.9 0.0 Max 3.7 5.8 21.2 34.0 69.0 63.0 65.3 60.4 65.7 39.0 11.2 0.0

101

Daily Precipitation (mm) Mueang Hom Station Year 2013 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.2 0.0 21.4 53.5 18.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 28.2 22.3 4.4 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 15.7 0.0 0.0 12.7 30.5 125.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 24.6 0.0 22.0 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.7 12.8 2.9 29.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 10.1 134.4 1.7 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.3 0.0 14.8 77.2 23.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.3 0.0 6.9 230.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 26.6 37.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 22.3 102.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 17.4 7.0 12.4 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.3 0.0 22.6 14.0 17.3 11.3 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.0 55.6 3.6 12.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 17.6 16.8 0.0 0.0 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.0 0.0 13.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.4 0.0 8.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.8 2.4 2.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 20.6 62.5 17.4 6.4 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 2.5 37.4 9.0 0.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 22 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 15.4 38.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 166.9 6.5 63.3 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 41.1 23.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 42.7 10.2 11.9 0.0 38.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 8.7 9.3 16.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 130.5 68.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.5 3.1 189.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 29 0.0 0.0 8.8 4.0 1.2 14.6 22.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20.8 0.0 8.0 6.2 0.0 9.5 42.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 4.7 0.0 0.0 46.2 26.1 0.0 0.0 Total 25.5 0.0 18.9 39.3 369.3 525.2 1004.5 883.5 237.5 60.9 5.6 0.0 Max 20.8 0.0 15.7 8.8 42.7 166.9 189.5 230.5 38.4 16.8 2.4 0.0

102

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2007 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 27.5 27.5 33.0 38.5 32.9 30.3 29.0 27.4 31.0 31.0 27.5 25.0 2 28.5 25.0 32.5 38.5 29.5 29.8 31.0 29.8 31.0 30.3 27.5 24.5 3 29.4 24.0 33.4 35.0 29.0 30.3 31.8 31.0 29.0 26.0 28.6 27.0 4 31.5 26.5 32.6 29.0 29.0 32.0 31.6 31.2 28.0 27.5 25.5 27.5 5 31.4 28.6 32.0 32.0 25.5 30.0 31.0 33.5 30.2 25.8 29.0 28.0 6 28.4 28.1 34.0 28.0 30.5 31.5 29.2 32.0 26.9 25.6 28.0 28.5 7 26.0 28.9 32.0 30.2 31.6 33.5 31.0 26.8 29.5 28.5 28.5 28.5 8 26.0 29.0 34.0 26.8 33.5 33.7 31.6 26.0 31.9 29.0 27.0 27.5 9 26.5 30.0 32.0 29.5 33.5 34.0 31.6 28.3 26.7 29.0 29.5 28.0 10 26.8 32.6 33.4 32.0 33.0 35.0 31.0 25.9 26.5 31.5 28.0 28.5 11 27.0 31.6 33.8 25.8 34.0 34.5 33.0 28.6 30.6 29.0 29.5 29.0 12 29.0 30.6 34.5 28.2 34.0 33.5 32.0 30.0 28.2 30.5 30.0 29.5 13 28.5 33.0 34.0 26.0 32.6 33.0 32.5 30.5 30.8 29.0 30.5 30.0 14 28.6 31.5 33.6 31.5 33.7 32.0 32.5 32.0 29.2 30.5 30.6 29.5 15 29.5 33.0 33.5 33.0 31.0 31.0 33.5 30.0 30.5 30.5 31.5 30.5 16 29.0 34.0 37.0 33.0 30.5 30.0 31.0 31.5 33.0 30.0 30.5 29.0 17 32.0 33.5 37.0 35.0 32.2 27.5 30.5 30.6 32.8 30.5 31.0 31.0 18 30.0 33.6 30.0 32.0 32.9 28.0 29.6 30.5 30.5 30.5 32.5 31.0 19 29.5 35.0 33.0 32.0 30.5 32.0 29.8 30.0 31.6 31.0 29.5 31.0 20 31.0 34.5 29.6 34.5 30.8 32.5 30.0 31.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 29.8 21 31.0 35.5 32.0 37.0 28.0 34.0 30.0 30.2 30.4 29.5 28.0 30.5 22 29.8 34.0 33.0 37.5 32.0 35.0 31.0 29.5 30.0 29.5 28.5 30.0 23 30.6 35.0 30.5 38.5 33.0 33.5 27.6 30.1 31.0 29.9 29.0 31.0 24 27.8 35.5 34.0 39.0 33.6 30.5 31.0 29.4 31.5 30.8 29.0 29.0 25 27.8 33.5 34.0 30.5 34.4 32.0 33.0 31.0 29.4 31.2 27.0 28.0 26 28.5 33.6 37.0 32.0 34.3 28.6 33.0 31.8 27.5 28.2 29.0 29.0 27 25.0 32.0 36.8 26.8 32.5 28.1 31.0 32.1 29.5 31.0 27.5 28.5 28 24.5 32.5 37.0 33.5 31.5 29.0 29.5 30.1 30.0 30.0 25.5 29.0 29 25.5 34.5 33.0 31.0 30.5 32.0 31.5 30.4 30.8 25.4 29.0 30 27.0 36.0 30.0 30.0 31.2 31.5 31.5 30.6 30.5 25.0 27.5 31 25.1 38.0 29.5 27.9 29.9 27.7 26.0 Mean 28.3 31.5 33.8 32.3 31.6 31.6 31.0 30.1 30.0 29.5 28.6 28.7 Maxi 32.0 35.5 38.0 39.0 34.4 35.0 33.5 33.5 33.0 31.5 32.5 31.0 Mini 24.5 24.0 29.6 25.8 25.5 27.5 27.6 25.9 26.5 25.6 25.0 24.5

103

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2008 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 25.0 21.2 23.5 28.0 29.0 31.0 30.0 30.0 30.3 30.5 26.5 25.5 2 23.5 21.5 29.0 30.0 33.0 28.5 28.5 31.0 30.0 31.0 27.0 25.0 3 25.0 19.0 29.5 31.0 32.0 27.5 26.5 32.0 32.0 31.0 28.6 25.0 4 25.0 23.0 28.0 34.0 29.0 26.3 30.5 30.0 31.0 32.0 28.5 28.0 5 28.0 28.5 29.5 31.2 30.0 29.5 30.2 30.0 31.0 30.5 30.0 29.0 6 27.5 29.0 29.0 32.0 30.5 30.0 31.0 29.5 29.5 28.5 31.0 26.5 7 28.5 28.5 30.0 34.0 30.5 30.0 26.8 30.0 32.5 28.0 28.5 25.5 8 28.0 27.5 30.0 33.0 31.5 28.5 25.0 25.5 31.0 28.0 30.5 27.5 9 30.0 23.5 29.5 34.5 31.0 32.0 27.0 27.0 31.0 30.0 29.0 25.0 10 29.0 25.5 29.0 34.5 27.0 32.5 31.0 28.5 33.5 32.5 27.0 25.5 11 30.5 26.5 31.0 35.5 29.5 31.0 31.0 26.7 31.0 32.0 26.0 26.5 12 31.5 20.0 31.5 35.0 31.0 31.5 31.0 28.0 31.5 33.0 26.5 26.0 13 32.0 22.0 34.0 30.0 32.0 29.5 28.5 29.0 29.5 31.0 27.5 27.5 14 28.8 23.5 34.5 34.2 32.0 28.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 27.0 28.0 15 30.0 22.0 35.0 34.5 31.0 29.0 30.5 32.0 30.5 32.0 28.0 26.5 16 29.0 25.5 35.0 34.5 30.0 29.5 30.0 32.0 30.5 31.0 29.5 26.5 17 28.0 27.5 33.0 33.0 30.5 28.0 27.5 29.5 30.0 31.0 30.0 26.5 18 26.0 26.0 35.0 33.5 32.5 24.0 28.5 31.5 31.5 32.0 31.0 25.5 19 28.5 26.0 34.0 33.5 27.5 25.0 29.6 29.5 29.0 32.0 27.2 27.0 20 30.0 26.5 34.0 32.0 27.7 28.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.0 26.0 26.0 21 30.5 26.5 33.5 34.5 30.0 32.0 32.5 31.0 31.0 30.0 27.5 26.5 22 30.0 28.0 32.0 29.0 31.0 33.0 30.5 31.0 29.5 31.0 30.0 26.5 23 29.0 29.0 27.3 33.0 31.0 32.5 29.0 31.0 32.0 32.0 30.0 27.0 24 30.5 30.5 28.0 31.0 29.5 30.5 27.5 32.0 32.0 31.5 31.0 26.5 25 23.0 32.0 30.5 29.0 31.5 32.0 27.5 29.0 29.5 29.5 30.0 27.4 26 26.0 33.0 31.0 30.5 31.5 32.5 32.5 28.5 29.0 31.0 29.5 23.6 27 27.0 27.0 32.0 33.2 31.0 31.0 31.0 32.0 31.0 32.0 28.0 22.0 28 28.0 28.0 33.0 30.0 32.0 29.5 31.5 31.0 30.0 31.0 25.2 27.5 29 29.5 24.0 34.5 31.0 32.0 27.5 29.0 31.5 30.0 31.6 26.5 28.6 30 25.2 34.5 31.0 32.0 31.5 30.5 32.0 25.0 28.8 25.5 29.0 31 22.1 31.0 30.0 29.5 29.5 29.5 28.8 Mean 27.9 25.9 31.3 32.3 30.6 29.7 29.5 30.1 30.5 30.8 28.3 26.5 Maxi 32.0 33.0 35.0 35.5 33.0 33.0 32.5 32.0 33.5 33.0 31.0 29.0 Mini 22.1 19.0 23.5 28.0 27.0 24.0 25.0 25.5 25.0 28.0 25.2 22.0

104

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2009 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 27.5 28.0 31.0 31.8 34.0 31.0 29.5 31.0 32.1 29.5 31.2 29.0 2 23.0 29.5 33.5 32.5 28.0 31.5 31.5 31.0 32.0 30.0 31.0 29.0 3 26.0 28.5 33.0 32.5 31.0 32.5 31.5 31.5 32.0 31.0 28.5 28.0 4 27.5 28.5 35.0 32.6 32.5 31.0 25.6 31.0 32.5 32.5 28.5 26.0 5 26.0 30.5 35.0 33.0 33.5 33.0 25.0 31.0 32.0 31.5 29.0 27.0 6 27.5 25.5 35.0 31.5 35.5 30.5 27.5 31.5 32.5 32.0 29.0 26.5 7 27.5 28.0 33.5 31.0 36.0 30.5 29.6 29.5 33.0 31.0 30.4 27.5 8 27.5 29.0 33.5 33.0 35.5 31.5 28.5 26.2 33.0 30.5 31.0 28.5 9 23.0 30.0 34.0 33.5 33.0 33.5 32.0 30.0 33.0 32.0 31.2 28.5 10 23.0 30.5 33.0 34.0 35.5 32.5 33.0 31.5 33.0 32.0 32.5 28.5 11 22.5 30.0 35.0 31.0 32.5 32.0 32.5 31.5 32.0 31.0 32.0 29.0 12 24.5 31.5 34.5 32.5 30.0 32.5 33.0 31.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 29.2 13 24.0 32.5 35.5 34.0 32.0 31.0 28.0 27.8 30.5 30.0 33.2 28.5 14 23.5 32.5 28.5 31.5 30.0 32.0 30.6 27.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 28.5 15 23.0 31.0 26.5 33.0 27.0 29.5 31.0 32.0 31.5 29.5 31.0 29.0 16 25.0 32.0 27.0 35.0 32.5 31.0 30.5 31.5 29.5 29.5 32.5 28.5 17 26.0 32.0 31.0 35.5 32.0 27.5 30.5 29.0 29.5 31.0 27.8 27.5 18 25.8 31.5 27.0 35.0 34.5 29.0 30.0 30.0 31.5 31.0 28.0 27.5 19 26.5 32.0 29.0 35.0 31.0 31.0 31.5 32.5 32.5 31.0 27.6 27.0 20 27.5 34.5 27.0 36.5 31.0 32.5 30.6 33.0 32.5 31.0 27.5 27.0 21 29.0 32.0 33.0 34.5 32.0 32.5 31.5 33.0 32.0 31.5 26.5 26.0 22 27.0 34.5 34.5 34.0 32.0 31.5 31.5 30.5 29.5 31.0 27.0 26.5 23 29.0 35.5 33.5 37.0 32.0 31.5 30.5 31.0 32.0 31.0 26.5 27.0 24 29.0 36.0 34.4 38.5 32.5 30.0 32.6 31.8 31.0 30.0 27.2 29.0 25 25.5 36.0 25.5 35.0 33.5 32.5 31.0 32.2 29.3 32.5 28.5 29.5 26 30.0 36.0 30.5 30.5 31.5 30.5 31.0 32.5 29.5 29.0 29.6 29.5 27 25.0 36.0 32.5 33.0 31.0 27.0 30.6 33.5 31.5 30.1 29.0 31.0 28 28.5 33.8 34.0 30.0 32.0 26.5 29.0 32.0 30.0 31.0 29.5 26.0 29 29.5 34.0 30.0 31.5 28.5 25.5 30.5 31.5 30.5 29.5 28.0 30 27.5 32.5 34.0 27.0 29.5 28.5 31.0 29.5 30.5 29.6 28.5 31 27.2 29.0 30.5 27.0 30.5 30.2 28.5 Mean 26.3 31.7 32.0 33.4 32.0 30.9 30.0 30.9 31.3 30.8 29.6 28.1 Maxi 30.0 36.0 35.5 38.5 36.0 33.5 33.0 33.5 33.0 32.5 33.2 31.0 Mini 22.5 25.5 25.5 30.0 27.0 26.5 25.0 26.2 27.5 29.0 26.5 26.0

105

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2010 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 29.0 31.5 35.0 35.0 30.0 34.0 31.5 32.0 33.0 33.0 28.2 29.5 2 29.5 32.5 35.0 36.5 32.0 35.0 29.0 32.0 34.0 32.0 28.5 29.2 3 31.0 31.5 35.0 35.5 33.0 31.0 31.0 27.0 31.0 28.9 29.0 29.0 4 29.5 31.5 35.4 36.8 34.0 31.5 33.0 29.5 31.5 29.0 27.8 29.5 5 31.0 31.0 33.0 36.5 36.5 32.0 33.0 27.5 31.2 30.5 28.4 28.5 6 31.5 31.0 33.5 38.5 37.0 32.5 33.0 28.5 30.7 29.5 28.5 30.0 7 23.0 31.5 34.5 38.0 37.5 32.0 32.5 32.5 32.0 32.0 30.0 29.2 8 28.0 31.0 35.5 37.5 37.0 32.0 34.0 31.5 31.9 31.6 30.5 28.0 9 28.0 32.0 27.5 34.5 38.0 27.5 32.0 32.0 26.5 31.8 29.5 27.0 10 29.0 32.5 21.0 35.0 35.0 31.5 32.3 32.0 29.8 32.0 30.0 27.2 11 30.0 32.0 26.0 37.5 33.0 32.0 30.5 28.0 29.0 31.8 26.0 25.8 12 28.0 31.8 31.0 36.8 35.0 32.0 33.0 32.0 28.1 32.4 30.0 26.5 13 26.0 31.0 34.0 37.0 35.8 32.0 30.0 30.0 25.5 33.0 30.0 29.6 14 23.5 31.5 34.5 39.0 38.0 33.2 33.0 28.0 25.0 32.0 31.0 30.8 15 27.0 32.5 34.0 36.0 38.0 32.5 31.0 31.5 28.0 27.4 32.0 31.0 16 27.5 28.0 35.5 31.0 34.5 34.0 32.5 27.0 30.5 25.4 31.3 26.5 17 27.0 27.0 31.5 31.0 36.0 34.5 31.0 26.5 31.6 25.0 30.0 22.0 18 27.0 25.0 28.5 33.5 36.0 33.5 28.5 29.4 32.0 28.5 29.5 23.0 19 27.5 23.0 30.0 33.0 36.0 35.0 29.5 32.5 32.0 30.5 28.5 26.6 20 28.0 27.0 33.5 34.0 37.0 35.0 30.5 33.0 32.0 30.4 28.5 27.0 21 23.0 29.5 28.5 36.0 33.0 31.0 31.5 29.0 31.8 30.0 30.0 28.5 22 22.2 30.5 33.5 37.0 33.5 31.5 28.0 30.0 31.0 30.0 31.5 28.0 23 26.5 32.0 35.0 32.0 33.5 29.0 29.0 33.0 30.5 31.0 29.5 28.0 24 28.0 33.0 36.0 30.9 33.5 31.0 29.2 29.2 28.5 28.0 29.5 29.5 25 29.5 32.5 34.0 33.5 33.0 32.5 29.0 27.5 29.5 31.5 28.0 30.0 26 29.0 32.0 25.5 35.5 32.0 32.5 32.0 31.0 31.0 29.5 29.6 29.5 27 27.5 32.5 29.0 32.5 32.5 31.0 29.5 29.8 31.5 30.2 29.2 25.0 28 30.0 33.2 29.5 29.5 31.0 31.0 29.0 28.0 32.0 26.4 29.6 26.5 29 30.5 31.5 32.5 32.0 31.0 28.5 29.5 32.2 25.0 29.7 26.5 30 30.5 33.5 32.5 32.5 30.5 31.0 28.0 30.0 27.5 29.5 27.5 31 30.6 35.6 33.5 31.0 29.0 27.5 26.5 Mean 28.0 30.7 32.1 34.8 34.5 32.1 30.9 29.9 30.4 29.8 29.4 27.8 Maxi 31.5 33.2 36.0 39.0 38.0 35.0 34.0 33.0 34.0 33.0 32.0 31.0 Mini 22.2 23.0 21.0 29.5 30.0 27.5 28.0 26.5 25.0 25.0 26.0 22.0

106

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2011 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 26.5 23.0 34.0 21.0 29.2 29.5 24.0 27.6 32.0 26.2 30.5 29.2 2 26.5 26.5 29.5 32.8 33.4 33.0 28.5 27.9 31.8 29.5 31.0 26.8 3 27.7 27.0 31.5 33.0 32.6 29.0 30.5 29.0 32.5 29.2 19.8 26.6 4 27.6 28.5 29.6 34.0 31.8 30.0 30.5 31.0 30.4 29.5 31.4 26.5 5 28.5 29.5 32.0 25.8 30.5 29.0 32.5 32.0 29.0 27.8 31.0 28.0 6 29.5 28.5 34.5 32.5 30.8 30.6 33.0 32.0 28.6 24.1 31.3 29.5 7 27.2 31.0 34.0 30.2 33.0 31.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 31.8 28.5 8 25.0 30.6 24.8 30.9 30.4 31.0 32.0 29.8 30.0 28.8 30.7 30.0 9 25.5 31.5 30.6 31.5 32.5 31.2 32.0 30.8 30.5 30.5 28.1 26.0 10 24.8 32.0 32.5 31.6 30.4 31.2 31.5 28.3 29.5 31.5 25.5 23.0 11 20.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 31.5 30.5 31.5 29.5 30.0 32.3 28.0 23.0 12 21.5 29.0 32.3 31.5 32.0 29.0 31.6 29.6 26.5 31.6 27.5 23.4 13 25.5 25.8 32.2 29.0 31.5 30.0 29.1 31.5 26.0 30.5 28.5 25.8 14 25.5 21.5 34.0 32.5 28.5 31.8 30.0 32.0 30.0 31.6 29.5 26.0 15 26.0 24.0 25.0 32.5 31.5 32.6 25.5 31.5 28.5 31.5 28.5 27.5 16 23.2 30.8 16.8 25.5 31.0 30.5 27.5 32.5 29.4 28.0 29.5 28.0 17 24.5 32.4 15.0 36.0 31.0 32.0 30.0 29.2 28.6 25.0 29.0 28.0 18 27.5 34.0 20.0 35.0 29.3 33.0 28.5 30.5 31.4 27.5 29.8 28.0 19 26.0 34.5 29.5 31.0 29.5 31.0 30.8 28.4 31.5 30.0 30.8 27.5 20 27.2 33.0 32.2 31.5 30.5 31.5 27.5 27.5 28.5 30.0 30.0 27.5 21 26.5 31.5 33.9 33.5 32.0 31.6 30.5 27.5 30.0 30.5 30.0 27.4 22 26.0 32.0 36.0 33.5 32.5 32.0 30.5 31.4 31.0 31.5 31.0 28.0 23 27.5 27.5 30.5 27.0 34.0 33.0 30.5 31.5 31.0 30.6 31.5 28.0 24 28.0 32.3 30.9 31.0 31.6 25.8 32.0 31.2 28.6 32.0 28.3 24.5 25 28.0 33.5 29.5 32.0 29.5 24.0 32.0 30.5 30.5 31.0 29.4 22.5 26 29.0 24.5 27.0 34.0 30.5 25.5 33.0 32.2 31.8 31.4 29.0 24.0 27 29.4 30.5 22.8 33.6 32.2 27.0 34.0 30.0 29.0 32.0 29.5 26.5 28 28.2 33.8 22.5 29.6 30.5 29.8 32.5 31.1 31.0 31.8 29.5 26.6 29 28.0 19.7 29.8 32.0 29.0 32.0 32.1 31.5 31.4 28.4 27.5 30 27.0 23.0 29.8 33.0 30.0 26.8 32.5 33.0 30.5 29.0 29.5 31 25.0 28.0 32.9 24.5 31.0 30.5 28.0 Mean 26.4 29.7 28.6 31.1 31.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.1 29.9 29.3 26.8 Maxi 29.5 34.5 36.0 36.0 34.0 33.0 34.0 32.5 33.0 32.3 31.8 30.0 Mini 20.0 21.5 15.0 21.0 28.5 24.0 24.0 27.5 26.0 24.1 19.8 22.5

107

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2012 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 27.0 29.3 34.5 30.0 34.0 28.8 32.0 30.5 32.0 30.0 29.5 31.5 2 24.5 27.5 34.0 30.5 35.2 32.0 27.5 31.0 32.0 32.0 29.0 29.2 3 29.0 25.5 34.0 33.8 35.0 32.0 29.5 30.0 32.0 32.0 30.3 31.5 4 27.0 29.0 34.0 32.5 35.5 32.5 32.0 29.5 32.5 31.5 30.2 27.2 5 24.5 31.0 34.0 30.1 33.2 33.0 32.0 31.0 28.0 31.5 30.8 32.0 6 27.5 30.5 33.5 32.2 32.0 33.0 30.0 30.8 32.0 32.0 31.4 26.5 7 27.5 31.5 33.5 26.2 32.0 32.2 28.6 25.5 27.5 32.2 31.0 28.5 8 26.0 31.5 34.5 31.5 31.0 31.0 27.2 24.5 28.5 32.4 31.4 29.0 9 26.0 29.5 36.0 33.5 30.1 31.5 36.0 26.4 29.2 31.5 32.0 28.2 10 27.0 31.5 26.2 34.0 31.0 31.0 32.6 28.4 34.0 32.2 33.0 29.8 11 24.5 30.0 28.8 34.0 33.5 32.2 32.0 29.2 32.5 32.0 32.5 29.5 12 25.5 29.5 28.6 34.5 34.3 30.2 34.0 30.2 34.0 31.6 32.0 22.0 13 27.0 31.0 30.5 35.2 34.0 31.5 30.0 32.0 34.0 31.5 30.0 28.2 14 26.5 32.0 30.2 35.0 34.0 32.0 30.5 31.0 32.0 32.0 31.0 30.0 15 29.0 32.8 31.0 33.6 30.0 31.2 31.6 32.0 30.5 32.2 31.0 30.5 16 29.0 33.0 32.5 35.5 31.6 32.0 32.0 32.0 31.5 31.4 32.0 31.8 17 28.5 32.0 32.5 36.0 32.2 31.0 28.2 32.0 34.2 30.5 32.0 30.0 18 30.6 29.5 33.0 36.0 29.2 31.0 30.0 27.3 32.0 30.0 29.5 31.0 19 30.0 28.0 33.4 36.2 32.0 32.2 29.6 28.5 31.0 31.2 31.0 28.6 20 28.0 27.5 31.0 36.0 31.5 31.0 34.0 30.0 30.0 31.2 32.0 31.0 21 29.0 29.5 32.0 35.5 30.5 29.5 36.0 36.0 34.2 32.0 32.2 31.2 22 30.5 32.2 34.3 31.5 33.2 29.2 32.2 32.0 30.0 31.2 32.0 29.2 23 29.0 33.2 33.5 32.2 30.0 29.2 28.0 29.6 32.2 31.0 31.5 29.0 24 26.5 32.3 28.5 36.0 32.0 29.0 28.2 30.1 32.0 31.4 29.2 25.2 25 27.5 32.0 29.5 37.0 29.2 30.5 26.0 32.0 32.2 31.8 29.5 25.2 26 27.5 34.5 30.0 37.0 29.2 32.0 29.2 31.0 32.0 32.2 30.0 25.2 27 28.5 27.5 31.5 37.5 29.5 31.2 30.6 32.0 32.0 32.2 30.0 29.5 28 31.0 31.5 32.0 32.0 30.6 32.0 30.0 33.0 32.0 32.0 29.5 29.5 29 28.0 32.0 32.4 31.3 31.5 32.2 25.6 32.0 31.0 31.9 27.2 28.5 30 29.0 36.0 33.5 29.2 32.0 25.0 30.5 31.5 32.0 32.0 26.5 31 26.5 29.0 29.5 26.5 31.2 32.0 26.5 Mean 27.7 30.6 32.1 33.7 31.8 31.3 30.2 30.4 31.6 31.6 30.8 28.8 Maxi 31.0 34.5 36.0 37.5 35.5 33.0 36.0 36.0 34.2 32.4 33.0 32.0 Mini 24.5 25.5 26.2 26.2 29.2 28.8 25.0 24.5 27.5 30.0 27.2 22.0

108

Daily Maximum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2013 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 25.5 31.0 33.5 34.8 31.0 33.8 33.2 32.0 30.0 29.2 31.0 25.0 2 27.2 30.5 34.0 36.4 34.0 32.5 32.0 32.2 28.2 30.5 32.0 26.2 3 29.6 31.5 24.0 36.5 32.0 32.5 31.0 31.0 32.0 32.5 30.2 27.2 4 28.5 31.0 22.0 37.0 28.6 31.0 30.6 29.0 29.0 31.3 30.0 28.2 5 26.5 32.2 27.6 37.0 32.5 29.2 33.5 31.3 25.4 30.2 32.0 28.2 6 27.0 33.2 29.2 36.0 33.2 28.2 33.5 33.0 30.2 32.5 31.5 27.2 7 27.5 34.0 31.0 33.5 30.5 32.0 29.6 24.6 30.8 31.4 32.0 27.2 8 28.0 35.0 32.0 35.5 29.0 33.2 28.3 31.0 28.3 30.6 31.2 26.2 9 29.0 30.2 31.0 36.0 32.0 34.2 29.5 28.2 32.0 31.0 30.6 27.8 10 26.0 32.0 33.2 34.5 33.2 32.2 27.1 32.0 31.6 31.8 30.4 26.2 11 25.8 30.2 34.0 26.5 32.2 27.2 30.2 25.2 30.0 32.2 31.6 28.2 12 25.0 32.2 34.2 35.0 30.0 31.0 29.2 31.2 30.4 32.0 32.2 29.2 13 26.0 29.2 34.2 36.0 33.2 32.5 32.2 32.2 29.0 31.8 31.8 29.2 14 28.0 31.2 35.0 36.0 35.0 33.6 29.8 30.8 31.4 31.2 31.2 29.0 15 27.2 33.2 33.2 36.5 36.0 33.0 29.6 32.0 31.5 32.2 30.2 23.5 16 28.2 30.2 33.2 37.0 36.6 33.4 28.0 31.2 31.0 25.4 26.2 17.4 17 28.5 32.2 33.5 34.5 35.0 33.8 30.3 31.0 33.0 30.0 29.2 23.2 18 28.0 30.2 36.2 35.0 33.2 33.0 32.2 32.0 31.5 29.2 26.2 23.2 19 27.0 32.2 35.6 37.2 32.6 32.2 32.0 32.0 28.2 29.2 26.2 22.2 20 28.2 33.2 35.6 38.2 32.5 31.5 31.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 26.2 23.2 21 25.5 30.5 34.5 34.2 31.0 29.0 31.0 27.2 32.0 29.5 30.0 23.0 22 25.0 27.0 37.0 35.0 31.5 31.0 29.0 28.2 33.2 30.0 30.0 24.0 23 25.0 31.2 35.2 34.2 30.5 25.2 30.6 31.0 32.2 29.5 30.0 25.4 24 30.5 31.2 36.5 35.2 31.5 25.2 30.5 28.2 30.2 26.6 32.0 25.0 25 30.0 33.2 35.0 36.0 29.0 26.5 29.6 29.2 31.0 28.2 29.0 24.0 26 28.4 33.0 35.6 36.2 32.7 27.0 31.2 30.1 30.2 29.0 30.2 24.2 27 24.5 35.4 35.8 27.2 33.6 28.5 26.4 30.2 28.6 28.6 30.0 22.0 28 25.0 36.0 35.6 35.2 34.5 31.5 26.2 32.2 31.0 29.4 30.0 23.0 29 27.5 37.0 34.2 31.8 32.5 25.4 32.0 32.0 30.0 23.0 23.2 30 31.5 37.2 35.0 31.8 33.5 29.8 31.2 30.2 29.2 24.0 25.0 31 31.5 37.5 33.5 31.8 28.0 30.6 24.0 Mean 27.5 31.9 33.5 35.1 32.4 31.0 30.1 30.2 30.5 30.2 29.7 25.2 Maxi 31.5 36.0 37.5 38.2 36.6 34.2 33.5 33.0 33.2 32.5 32.2 29.2 Mini 24.5 27.0 22.0 26.5 28.6 25.2 25.4 24.6 25.4 25.4 23.0 17.4

109

Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2007 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 11.5 7.0 20.6 22.2 22.6 24.0 25.0 24.0 24.5 22.0 22.5 8.0 2 10.8 6.0 21.6 20.5 23.0 24.8 23.0 22.5 24.2 23.0 21.0 9.5 3 9.8 5.5 21.2 20.0 23.0 24.0 24.4 23.5 24.0 22.6 19.2 11.0 4 11.5 5.8 19.0 20.0 22.2 23.2 25.0 24.0 23.1 24.0 19.0 12.5 5 11.6 5.8 16.0 19.0 22.8 23.3 25.0 24.0 22.4 24.0 19.2 12.5 6 14.0 8.5 18.0 20.4 22.6 25.0 24.5 24.5 24.2 23.5 16.5 13.5 7 11.5 9.6 22.0 18.9 23.0 24.5 24.0 24.0 23.0 22.7 15.5 14.5 8 13.5 10.0 22.6 20.8 20.6 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.2 22.5 13.5 17.0 9 10.4 9.8 18.1 18.5 21.0 24.3 24.5 24.0 24.5 22.6 11.0 14.5 10 11.0 11.0 20.2 20.0 21.0 24.5 23.0 24.0 26.2 22.0 12.5 14.0 11 10.0 10.8 19.4 20.0 20.0 23.6 24.0 23.6 22.8 22.0 15.0 14.8 12 10.6 14.1 21.2 19.8 23.2 24.8 24.5 23.0 22.8 22.5 20.0 15.0 13 10.6 18.0 20.4 20.3 24.5 23.0 24.2 24.0 23.4 22.0 20.0 14.5 14 10.3 16.0 21.2 22.5 23.5 24.0 24.5 23.7 24.0 21.0 20.2 14.5 15 13.0 16.0 20.0 23.0 24.5 24.0 24.8 24.5 23.2 22.0 17.5 15.0 16 12.6 16.0 19.8 22.0 24.6 23.0 24.6 24.2 23.2 20.5 16.5 16.8 17 12.8 13.5 20.2 22.0 24.0 23.5 25.0 23.8 24.5 19.0 15.5 16.5 18 12.6 15.0 24.5 23.0 23.0 24.0 24.5 23.3 22.6 19.0 17.5 17.5 19 12.5 14.5 20.6 22.0 23.0 23.5 24.5 23.8 23.4 19.4 20.0 17.5 20 12.0 14.0 20.8 22.2 23.0 23.5 24.8 22.7 22.8 19.5 20.5 19.5 21 12.5 17.5 16.0 22.8 23.0 24.8 23.5 22.8 18.6 16.5 16.0 18.5 22 12.5 17.0 17.1 23.5 23.5 24.5 23.0 23.9 19.6 17.2 16.0 18.5 23 15.5 16.8 20.7 22.8 23.0 24.5 24.0 23.2 23.8 19.5 13.0 16.5 24 15.2 17.8 20.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 21.5 22.5 20.7 17.5 11.3 17.5 25 14.5 17.5 21.0 22.5 23.8 24.5 20.8 22.5 22.6 16.5 13.5 18.5 26 16.1 19.0 20.8 21.5 24.0 24.5 23.0 23.0 22.2 16.8 11.0 17.5 27 15.7 19.5 19.6 23.0 23.5 22.9 22.2 23.4 23.5 18.0 10.5 17.0 28 13.0 19.0 21.0 21.5 23.0 23.0 22.8 23.5 23.4 17.7 9.0 16.5 29 5.5 22.0 25.0 23.5 24.0 23.3 23.5 23.1 18.8 9.5 18.0 30 6.0 20.3 23.3 23.4 24.4 24.0 23.3 22.0 17.7 7.5 16.0 31 7.0 22.0 24.2 24.0 22.4 20.4 14.0 Mean 11.8 13.3 20.3 21.5 23.0 24.0 23.9 23.5 23.1 20.4 15.7 15.4 Maxi 16.1 19.5 24.5 25.0 24.6 25.0 25.0 24.5 26.2 24.0 22.5 19.5 Mini 5.5 5.5 16.0 18.5 20.0 22.9 20.8 22.4 18.6 16.5 7.5 8.0

110

Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2008 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 11.5 18.0 15.0 22.5 22.5 22.0 23.0 23.2 23.5 22.0 23.0 7.5 2 7.0 17.8 13.5 22.0 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.0 22.0 23.4 23.0 6.5 3 6.0 18.0 11.0 22.5 23.0 23.0 23.5 24.0 23.0 23.0 22.5 8.5 4 6.5 17.0 10.0 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.0 24.5 23.0 22.5 22.0 11.5 5 9.0 17.5 9.5 22.0 23.0 23.0 24.0 23.5 23.4 22.5 22.0 12.0 6 11.5 14.5 11.0 22.0 22.5 22.5 23.4 24.0 22.5 22.0 22.4 14.0 7 12.5 17.5 12.0 23.0 23.0 22.5 24.5 24.5 23.5 23.0 22.0 12.5 8 14.0 16.5 14.0 20.5 22.5 24.0 23.5 23.5 23.5 22.2 22.0 14.0 9 14.0 17.5 13.5 22.5 22.5 23.0 23.5 23.5 23.0 22.0 20.0 12.8 10 14.0 17.5 17.0 23.0 22.5 24.0 23.0 23.3 23.0 21.7 13.0 12.0 11 13.0 18.0 17.0 24.0 22.0 24.5 24.4 23.6 24.0 23.0 12.8 13.5 12 12.0 16.8 17.0 24.0 21.0 24.5 24.3 23.0 23.8 22.0 13.0 12.5 13 12.0 15.0 18.5 23.5 22.0 23.8 23.0 23.0 23.5 21.5 12.5 13.0 14 12.5 15.5 18.5 21.0 22.0 23.5 22.5 23.0 23.0 20.5 12.0 16.0 15 14.0 14.5 19.5 21.0 21.0 23.0 23.5 23.8 24.0 22.5 14.0 12.0 16 13.0 13.5 22.0 20.0 21.5 23.5 24.2 23.5 23.0 22.0 18.0 11.0 17 10.5 15.5 20.0 21.5 23.5 23.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 21.5 19.4 11.0 18 10.8 15.5 21.0 23.0 23.5 23.5 23.5 24.0 22.5 20.2 19.3 12.0 19 12.0 14.2 22.0 23.0 23.5 23.0 22.0 24.0 24.5 21.0 18.0 10.5 20 13.2 14.0 20.5 23.5 21.5 23.5 22.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 17.0 9.0 21 13.5 11.5 20.5 23.0 22.5 23.5 23.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 16.0 13.0 22 13.5 11.0 20.5 23.5 23.0 23.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 22.4 18.5 17.0 23 13.5 12.5 20.0 22.0 24.0 25.0 23.2 24.0 23.5 22.2 18.5 13.0 24 12.5 13.5 19.5 22.5 23.0 21.8 23.0 24.0 24.0 23.5 19.5 14.0 25 18.0 14.5 20.5 22.5 24.5 23.5 23.0 23.0 25.0 21.0 17.0 15.8 26 19.0 17.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 23.8 23.5 24.5 23.0 15.0 17.8 27 18.5 19.5 20.5 22.0 24.5 24.0 23.4 24.0 23.5 23.0 14.5 18.0 28 18.5 16.0 22.5 23.5 23.5 23.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 20.3 10.5 18.0 29 21.0 15.0 22.0 22.5 23.0 24.0 24.0 22.5 22.5 23.0 9.0 16.0 30 19.8 20.0 22.0 22.5 24.0 24.0 23.5 22.3 22.0 7.5 15.0 31 19.5 21.0 23.5 22.5 22.5 23.5 15.0 Mean 13.4 15.7 17.7 22.4 22.8 23.4 23.4 23.5 23.4 22.2 17.1 13.0 Maxi 21.0 19.5 22.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 24.5 24.5 25.0 23.5 23.0 18.0 Mini 6.0 11.0 9.5 20.0 21.0 21.8 22.0 22.5 22.0 20.2 7.5 6.5

111

Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2009 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 12.5 16.5 22.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 23.8 23.8 24.5 23.0 21.8 15.4 2 16.5 16.0 20.0 19.0 23.4 24.0 23.8 24.0 22.8 23.2 17.2 13.3 3 13.0 16.0 19.6 19.0 21.8 24.4 23.8 24.8 23.6 23.0 15.2 13.8 4 13.0 16.0 20.0 20.0 20.5 23.0 24.2 24.8 23.2 22.0 18.5 15.4 5 12.0 15.5 18.0 22.0 20.5 24.0 23.4 25.0 24.0 23.4 16.5 16.8 6 12.0 17.5 15.5 21.5 23.6 24.0 23.0 24.4 24.0 23.2 15.6 12.2 7 12.0 16.0 17.6 20.0 23.6 24.0 22.8 24.6 23.0 23.6 17.4 12.6 8 13.0 14.8 18.6 22.1 22.3 24.0 23.8 23.8 24.4 23.5 18.6 12.8 9 14.5 15.0 19.0 20.6 22.0 24.0 23.2 23.8 23.8 23.4 18.6 12.8 10 8.0 14.5 20.0 21.0 25.5 24.0 24.6 25.2 23.0 24.2 19.2 13.6 11 6.0 14.4 19.2 22.4 22.8 24.0 25.0 24.2 23.6 23.1 20.2 12.2 12 6.0 14.5 21.0 23.4 23.0 23.8 24.0 24.5 24.4 23.0 20.8 11.6 13 5.0 14.0 20.4 23.0 21.5 24.0 23.0 22.8 24.0 22.8 20.4 12.4 14 5.0 11.0 15.0 23.0 23.1 24.0 23.6 22.2 23.8 22.8 21.7 14.2 15 5.0 12.2 13.0 23.5 23.0 24.0 24.0 23.8 23.4 23.0 22.9 15.0 16 5.0 13.6 15.5 24.0 23.0 23.8 24.0 23.0 23.6 22.0 22.6 15.2 17 7.0 14.0 16.0 23.6 23.0 23.0 24.2 22.6 22.0 21.8 23.0 16.0 18 9.0 17.0 18.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.6 23.8 23.0 22.8 17.2 15.6 19 9.0 18.2 20.0 23.0 23.4 23.6 23.6 23.6 22.8 23.0 19.0 14.6 20 10.0 19.4 21.0 21.2 23.0 24.0 23.6 22.8 23.8 23.5 17.0 17.8 21 11.5 21.5 21.0 22.2 23.4 24.5 24.6 23.8 23.8 23.0 12.8 13.8 22 11.8 21.5 20.0 21.5 24.2 24.0 24.0 22.0 22.0 23.0 12.8 12.2 23 12.0 21.0 21.0 23.0 23.0 24.0 23.0 22.6 23.4 23.0 13.0 12.0 24 14.0 20.0 21.0 23.0 24.0 23.0 24.8 23.0 23.8 23.8 13.6 12.0 25 11.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.6 23.6 24.0 23.2 14.6 14.0 26 14.8 18.0 20.0 23.0 23.2 24.5 24.0 24.0 23.0 22.8 15.4 16.2 27 14.0 19.0 21.8 22.5 23.2 23.8 23.8 23.6 23.0 21.2 13.8 16.8 28 15.0 20.0 20.6 22.4 23.3 22.6 23.8 23.0 22.4 21.9 13.6 17.8 29 14.5 20.0 23.6 24.0 23.0 24.0 24.8 21.0 21.0 14.8 18.0 30 15.0 20.0 23.0 23.8 23.0 23.4 24.8 22.5 21.0 15.8 17.5 31 16.5 21.0 23.0 24.0 23.6 21.4 17.4 Mean 11.1 16.7 19.3 22.1 23.0 23.8 23.9 23.8 23.3 22.8 17.5 14.5 Maxi 16.5 21.5 22.0 24.0 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.2 24.5 24.2 23.0 18.0 Mini 5.0 11.0 13.0 19.0 20.5 22.6 22.8 22.0 21.0 21.0 12.8 11.6

112

Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2010 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 19.2 14.8 17.2 21.2 22.2 24.2 23.4 24.4 23.0 21.4 14.0 18.0 2 20.0 15.6 16.8 21.2 22.6 25.0 22.4 24.2 22.0 21.5 12.0 15.0 3 18.2 15.0 15.0 22.4 24.0 24.2 23.2 23.6 23.0 21.5 14.0 13.0 4 18.6 16.6 13.2 24.0 24.0 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.0 21.0 12.0 15.0 5 16.8 19.2 14.4 23.2 24.8 24.4 23.0 24.0 22.0 19.5 13.5 14.0 6 15.4 19.6 14.8 23.4 25.8 23.4 23.6 23.8 21.7 21.0 15.0 15.5 7 19.6 18.6 17.8 22.8 25.5 25.0 23.2 24.0 23.0 20.8 15.0 15.8 8 20.2 16.1 18.8 23.5 24.2 22.4 23.0 24.2 22.8 22.0 14.6 18.0 9 18.8 18.5 21.4 22.0 26.0 23.0 23.9 24.6 22.0 21.5 12.7 16.2 10 16.0 15.6 14.6 23.4 25.2 24.8 24.6 24.6 22.0 21.5 14.5 15.8 11 14.8 15.6 15.2 22.6 23.4 24.4 23.6 24.2 21.9 21.4 15.0 18.0 12 15.0 14.6 15.8 20.4 23.4 24.0 24.6 24.2 22.5 21.2 15.8 21.0 13 15.8 15.2 17.8 20.6 23.0 23.6 21.6 23.6 21.4 22.0 13.5 21.0 14 15.6 19.0 17.6 21.2 24.0 24.2 24.5 23.6 21.0 21.5 15.0 21.8 15 14.1 18.6 18.2 22.2 24.4 23.4 25.8 24.0 21.0 21.6 15.5 19.2 16 15.2 18.4 20.2 22.4 23.6 24.8 24.2 22.2 20.4 21.1 16.0 19.5 17 13.8 19.4 19.4 21.2 24.2 25.2 23.2 23.0 21.4 20.2 16.2 14.5 18 10.8 19.2 18.6 23.4 24.8 25.2 23.4 22.0 20.2 20.5 16.0 15.8 19 10.8 18.8 19.0 20.2 25.0 25.4 23.6 22.8 21.5 21.1 16.0 16.0 20 14.6 15.6 19.8 22.8 24.6 25.4 22.8 23.8 21.0 21.8 14.5 17.5 21 19.4 15.2 21.4 22.8 25.0 22.6 24.6 22.0 21.6 20.0 16.0 17.0 22 20.5 14.8 19.8 23.2 24.0 24.8 24.8 22.0 21.8 19.0 16.5 17.8 23 21.0 14.2 21.8 24.0 24.2 24.8 24.2 22.0 23.2 21.6 18.0 17.0 24 21.0 19.2 21.4 22.2 25.0 25.0 24.0 21.2 20.5 21.2 16.6 17.5 25 19.2 13.4 18.8 21.6 24.0 24.0 24.0 21.0 22.0 21.0 18.5 14.5 26 18.0 14.0 19.4 22.8 24.6 24.6 25.0 21.5 22.5 22.0 20.0 14.5 27 18.0 14.2 17.4 23.2 24.2 23.4 24.2 22.8 21.0 20.7 18.0 11.8 28 16.2 15.6 20.0 20.2 23.2 22.4 24.2 22.0 22.0 18.2 15.0 12.0 29 16.4 18.6 22.0 24.2 23.6 23.6 22.0 22.0 18.0 14.5 12.2 30 17.2 17.4 22.8 24.6 24.2 24.1 22.0 21.4 15.0 13.4 12.2 31 15.6 20.4 23.4 24.2 22.1 22.1 12.5 Mean 17.0 16.6 18.1 22.3 24.2 24.2 23.8 23.1 21.8 20.7 15.2 16.1 Maxi 21.0 19.6 21.8 24.0 26.0 25.4 25.8 24.6 23.2 22.1 20.0 21.8 Mini 10.8 13.4 13.2 20.2 22.2 22.4 21.6 21.0 20.2 15.0 12.0 11.8

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Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2011 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 10.8 14.2 18.5 13.6 21.9 21.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 17.0 14.8 2 10.5 12.5 19.0 15.2 19.7 23.0 21.6 21.6 21.2 22.0 17.0 17.0 3 11.6 9.5 16.5 16.5 22.5 22.8 21.5 22.0 22.5 21.0 16.0 13.0 4 11.6 10.5 19.6 18.5 22.0 21.2 22.0 22.5 21.8 22.0 16.8 12.4 5 12.5 11.5 17.0 20.5 21.5 21.2 21.5 22.5 22.0 20.5 15.5 14.0 6 12.5 11.0 17.5 19.5 22.3 21.5 22.5 24.0 22.0 20.5 15.5 12.5 7 11.2 13.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 21.5 22.5 22.5 22.1 20.5 19.5 15.0 8 10.3 9.5 19.0 20.3 24.8 21.5 23.6 22.5 22.1 21.4 19.5 15.0 9 13.2 9.4 18.7 20.3 22.5 22.0 22.6 23.2 22.1 21.8 19.5 18.0 10 13.5 9.5 18.5 20.0 25.4 22.0 23.0 23.2 22.4 21.4 19.0 15.2 11 13.6 10.5 15.5 18.5 22.5 23.5 22.0 22.5 22.0 20.0 16.8 11.5 12 11.8 12.7 14.8 17.5 24.5 23.0 22.0 22.0 21.8 20.8 16.2 8.5 13 12.3 15.5 15.5 18.0 21.8 22.0 22.1 22.0 21.5 22.0 16.5 9.0 14 8.5 16.5 19.0 18.5 22.5 21.8 22.0 22.0 21.5 22.5 13.8 8.8 15 9.6 16.5 19.0 18.5 22.0 22.0 22.5 20.1 21.5 21.2 13.5 11.0 16 8.2 14.0 15.0 19.5 20.2 22.2 22.0 22.0 21.6 21.4 15.0 11.0 17 8.0 13.5 12.1 20.0 20.0 22.2 22.4 21.2 22.6 20.4 16.0 13.0 18 8.5 13.5 12.0 20.0 21.5 23.0 22.8 21.0 22.5 19.5 16.5 13.8 19 9.2 13.5 14.0 20.5 23.0 21.6 22.5 21.8 22.0 19.6 16.2 10.0 20 10.2 14.3 14.7 21.5 21.5 21.5 22.5 21.0 21.5 18.0 13.2 10.5 21 10.2 16.5 15.1 21.2 21.5 22.3 22.0 21.3 22.4 18.5 15.4 10.0 22 11.0 18.0 14.0 22.7 22.0 22.1 21.5 21.5 22.1 19.5 17.2 11.5 23 9.0 19.5 17.0 23.5 22.5 23.0 22.8 22.3 21.5 19.0 18.5 11.5 24 11.6 19.0 15.5 20.9 21.4 23.5 22.0 22.4 21.2 20.5 16.5 11.0 25 10.5 17.9 15.3 19.8 23.5 21.5 23.0 22.0 22.0 18.6 13.5 7.5 26 10.5 19.0 15.5 19.9 22.4 21.0 23.0 22.0 22.5 17.8 14.0 6.6 27 11.0 17.5 15.5 21.5 21.6 21.2 22.5 20.5 22.5 18.5 13.6 7.0 28 15.0 17.0 15.3 21.8 22.0 22.3 21.5 21.6 22.2 17.8 15.0 10.5 29 14.0 14.5 22.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 22.0 22.0 19.2 14.5 13.5 30 13.5 13.5 22.0 22.5 22.6 22.0 23.0 22.0 18.2 14.5 14.5 31 14.0 14.0 21.5 22.0 22.9 18.4 14.5 Mean 11.2 14.1 16.1 19.8 22.1 22.1 22.3 22.0 22.0 20.2 16.1 12.0 Maxi 15.0 19.5 19.6 23.5 25.4 23.5 23.6 24.0 22.6 22.5 19.5 18.0 Mini 8.0 9.4 12.0 13.6 19.7 21.0 21.0 20.1 21.2 17.8 13.2 6.6

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Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2012 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 12.5 16.5 18.2 22.0 23.2 23.2 23.0 24.0 23.4 20.2 18.6 22.2 2 14.5 17.5 19.2 19.4 22.8 23.2 23.0 24.5 23.4 21.0 18.3 21.0 3 15.0 19.5 20.8 20.0 22.0 23.2 24.2 24.7 24.0 22.4 19.2 22.6 4 17.0 18.5 21.6 21.4 22.4 24.2 24.2 24.2 23.2 23.0 21.0 22.6 5 16.0 16.0 19.2 20.4 22.4 24.4 24.2 24.2 20.6 23.8 21.0 20.5 6 14.5 16.0 16.6 22.0 22.0 24.4 25.5 23.8 23.2 22.0 22.0 19.2 7 13.8 15.5 17.0 21.6 22.4 24.4 24.5 24.7 23.6 20.4 21.2 19.0 8 13.0 12.5 17.4 22.0 23.0 23.6 23.8 23.2 24.0 21.4 21.4 20.0 9 14.5 12.5 22.0 22.0 24.0 23.6 24.2 23.4 23.0 21.8 22.0 20.0 10 12.5 17.0 24.0 21.8 23.0 23.6 24.4 23.5 23.6 21.2 21.4 18.0 11 15.0 18.5 18.0 22.2 23.0 23.6 23.8 23.6 23.2 22.0 21.6 17.0 12 16.0 15.0 20.6 23.0 23.0 24.8 23.8 23.6 24.0 21.9 22.4 18.9 13 16.5 15.0 20.8 22.8 23.0 25.0 23.8 23.6 23.8 21.5 22.0 16.8 14 17.5 15.6 19.4 22.8 23.0 25.0 23.6 24.6 23.2 23.2 20.5 16.8 15 18.5 16.2 20.8 23.2 22.0 25.0 24.9 24.2 21.1 22.0 21.2 15.0 16 10.5 16.6 21.0 24.6 23.2 24.8 24.4 24.2 22.8 21.6 18.2 12.5 17 10.0 15.8 22.2 20.8 23.2 24.0 24.5 24.2 22.8 21.8 22.0 12.5 18 12.5 16.0 19.8 24.0 23.2 24.0 23.7 24.7 22.8 22.0 20.0 13.2 19 12.5 16.0 21.6 23.0 24.0 24.0 23.3 24.0 24.6 22.0 20.5 15.0 20 14.5 13.0 19.2 24.0 24.0 24.2 23.3 24.0 24.0 21.4 20.0 15.2 21 14.5 13.0 20.6 24.2 25.0 23.3 23.3 24.0 23.9 21.8 19.2 15.5 22 13.5 14.0 21.0 22.0 25.0 23.3 24.2 24.5 24.0 22.0 21.6 14.0 23 18.5 14.5 19.2 22.8 23.2 23.3 23.6 22.1 23.2 21.0 21.0 15.5 24 18.0 14.0 21.2 24.2 24.6 24.0 23.6 22.1 22.6 20.8 22.0 15.5 25 18.5 13.0 17.4 25.0 24.6 24.0 23.6 22.1 23.4 21.0 22.0 15.0 26 14.5 14.6 19.0 24.8 23.2 24.0 23.2 23.0 23.6 22.0 23.0 16.8 27 14.5 19.5 20.0 22.6 24.2 24.0 24.2 24.0 24.0 21.0 22.5 16.5 28 14.5 19.0 19.4 23.4 23.6 24.4 24.2 24.0 24.2 20.0 21.5 16.0 29 15.5 18.2 24.0 21.0 23.6 23.0 24.2 24.0 23.0 21.9 22.0 15.0 30 17.5 22.0 21.6 23.6 23.0 23.5 24.2 22.0 21.2 22.0 15.0 31 18.0 22.2 24.5 23.0 23.4 22.0 14.8 Mean 15.0 15.8 20.2 22.5 23.4 24.0 23.9 23.8 23.3 21.7 21.0 17.0 Maxi 18.5 19.5 24.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.5 24.7 24.6 23.8 23.0 22.6 Mini 10.0 12.5 16.6 19.4 22.0 23.0 23.0 22.1 20.6 20.0 18.2 12.5

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Daily Mean Minimum Temperature (oC) Mueang Hom Station Year 2013 DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 11.0 15.2 14.8 18.4 20.5 21.5 21.2 20.4 20.0 20.4 15.5 12.4 2 11.0 14.5 14.7 21.0 18.5 21.4 20.4 19.5 20.2 19.0 17.2 11.2 3 13.5 15.0 16.2 21.0 21.4 20.0 20.2 20.8 20.2 19.2 12.6 11.2 4 13.0 14.2 14.2 19.8 22.4 22.0 19.8 20.0 20.2 19.0 13.0 8.5 5 10.4 13.6 18.6 18.6 20.4 21.4 21.4 21.0 20.0 18.2 11.0 8.0 6 10.0 10.4 12.8 18.0 20.6 22.4 20.4 21.5 20.0 18.2 12.4 12.2 7 12.8 11.4 14.6 19.2 20.4 19.8 20.2 20.2 20.2 19.2 13.4 10.2 8 12.4 11.6 14.4 19.6 21.8 22.0 20.2 20.0 20.0 18.2 16.2 7.5 9 13.4 13.2 14.6 20.0 21.6 23.0 20.0 19.2 21.0 18.2 14.2 10.2 10 15.6 15.2 14.6 19.8 20.6 20.5 21.0 20.0 19.5 16.4 14.2 10.2 11 13.5 12.4 17.2 20.6 21.4 22.0 20.3 21.0 19.8 18.2 14.2 10.2 12 13.6 14.2 16.4 21.2 21.8 22.0 20.0 20.2 19.5 18.4 15.2 11.2 13 11.0 16.2 12.4 20.0 22.6 20.2 20.4 21.2 20.8 19.4 15.2 10.2 14 11.4 12.2 12.2 20.0 22.4 19.2 20.2 22.0 20.5 19.2 14.1 11.2 15 12.8 11.2 14.6 20.0 22.4 20.4 19.8 21.2 20.0 19.0 16.0 11.4 16 13.4 12.4 17.5 21.0 22.4 20.0 21.0 20.0 20.5 19.2 13.2 10.1 17 12.6 14.2 16.2 20.0 22.4 21.5 20.2 20.2 20.5 20.4 17.0 9.2 18 14.2 12.4 16.4 19.2 22.0 22.2 20.0 21.2 20.8 20.2 20.0 6.4 19 10.8 14.2 17.2 19.0 24.6 20.4 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 14.4 4.8 20 10.8 13.4 15.0 21.0 23.4 19.0 20.4 21.0 20.2 19.2 13.0 4.4 21 9.5 18.8 12.6 22.1 20.4 20.5 20.2 20.2 20.1 18.5 12.6 4.4 22 8.2 14.2 12.4 21.0 21.0 22.4 20.0 20.2 20.2 16.0 15.0 4.5 23 10.0 11.4 17.2 22.0 20.8 20.2 20.4 20.0 20.0 18.0 13.0 5.6 24 13.0 10.4 14.2 20.0 21.0 20.2 21.0 20.0 20.2 19.2 13.0 4.2 25 15.6 12.6 13.2 22.0 21.2 20.8 20.5 20.0 20.0 15.2 16.5 4.2 26 17.5 14.2 16.0 22.0 21.6 21.0 20.4 20.2 20.2 14.1 13.2 7.5 27 17.2 15.0 16.0 22.0 22.0 20.0 20.0 20.2 20.2 11.5 13.2 4.2 28 16.8 14.2 15.0 20.0 21.4 20.6 20.0 20.4 20.2 12.6 17.0 6.5 29 18.2 16.5 21.0 22.4 22.4 19.2 20.2 20.2 14.2 13.4 5.5 30 14.2 18.2 20.0 21.5 21.0 20.8 20.0 20.2 14.5 11.2 4.2 31 17.0 18.4 20.8 20.5 20.2 14.2 5.3 Mean 13.0 13.5 15.3 20.3 21.5 21.0 20.3 20.4 20.2 17.7 14.3 8.0 Maxi 18.2 18.8 18.6 22.1 24.6 23.0 21.4 22.0 21.0 20.4 20.0 12.4 Mini 8.2 10.4 12.2 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.5 11.5 11.0 4.2

116

Appendix G: Surface Water Quality Results

117

118

119

120

Appendix H: UXO Certification for Longxan and Hom Subprojects

121

Forthcoming – Prior to commencement of works

122

Appendix I: Proceedings of Public Consultations for Longxan and Hom Subprojects

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LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS Summary on LAC during feasibility study stage. ▪ In February 2020 one meeting at district level with 21 participants (4 female and 17 male) was conducted and 10 meetings took place February and March 2020 in villages with 544 participants (156 female and 388 male) FS project staff [5]. ▪ The meetings took place in the villages of (1) Ban Naxai; (2) Ban Khonvat; (3) Ban Nam Khouy; (4) Ban Hinsor; (5) Ban Vunglouang; (6) Ban Phonxai; (7) Phonlao; (8) Ban Xamkhon; (9) Ban Phonmouang; (10) Ban Phoupaman; ▪ Major areas of topics: project description incl. distributed documents, entitlements, GRM, temporary disturbance and counter measures during construction works, others.

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY 25 Combined district and village ▪ PIU ▪ Agencies Total: 21 participants Presentation: Feb consultation meeting at ▪ PnP ▪ Village By sex: • General introduction into topic and specific description on LAC; 2020 Longxan District Office ▪ Lao authority - 04 Female • ADB requirements and Lao regulations on land acquisition, compensation and Venue: Meeting room Front ▪ Villagers - 17 Male reinstatement of affected assets; Time: 08:30 - 11:45 ▪ Women ▪ PIA By Ethnic Group: • Introducing of Grievance Redress Mechanism including PIU, authorities and chiefs in Union Lao-Tai: 08 subproject core villages as addressees; ▪ DONRE - 03 Female • General introduction of project features and implementation status; - 05 Male • Land requirements for WTP, intake, reservoir and PNP service office based on Mon-Khmer: 03 feasibility study design; - 0 Female • Confirmation of no impacts on private asset based on feasibility study design; - 03 Male Hmong-Mien: 10 • Category of subproject (ADB category C) relates to no permanent adverse impacts on - 01 Female private assets, only disturbances during construction work; - 09 Male • The project had handout documents was concern to the content of WSP as (1). Step of grievance for people in core village’s area ;( 2). Decree No. 84 on resettlement and IA/PIA [01F + 4M] compensation; • Others. Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: General: • Head of PIU - Mr. Viengxay: - Welcoming the participants from district and village chiefs. - Underlining motivation of authorities and villages for the project. - Explaining objective of the meeting. Specific: Q1: Mr. Khamlar Sengaloun - Deputy Village chief of Xamkhon village: - The project will be which location for WTP and intake? - Which river will be used as source for the water supply? A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - WTP and PNP office will be constructed on same location on public land. near the district governor office in Phonlao village. - For the intake project has proposed 2 location or 2 rivers as Nam Lan and Nam Sane.

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LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - For the Nam Lan it is quite far from WTP about 7km but can provide a supply safety. Location at Nam sane in Vunglouang village has a low elevation in the core area of the subproject, but it is can offer sufficient water even during dry season in addition access for vehicles to the location is existent. The raw water needs to be pumped to the proposed water treatment plant. Q2: Mrs. Douasong Navongxay - Deputy village chief of Phoupaman Village: - When the project can start construction and when will it be completed. How much time will the construction take? A2: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - The timeline for the project includes this year only for feasibility study report and survey with collection of data. After that the technical team will conduct surveys for detail design. In previous projects it took about 2 years; that means by end 2022 construction could be completed or operation could start early 2023. Q3: Mr. Lortor, Deputy village chief Khonvat village: - During construction or installation pipe will there be impact on assets such as structures or trees? Who will compensate for this? A3: PIA: - The policy of the project is in case of impact on assets or structure during construction that the construction company will replace in kind or compensate in cash to owner of affected assets. - There will be disturbances temporally during construction phase, but no permanent impacts on private assets. 25 Consultation meeting ▪ PIU ▪ Agencies Total: 31 participants Presentation: Feb Village: Naxai ▪ Women ▪ Village By sex: • General introduction into topic and specific description on LAC; 2020 Venue: Village meeting place Union authority - 05 Female • Introduction into ADB requirements and Lao Decrees concerning land acquisition, Time: 13:30 - 16:30 ▪ PNP ▪ Villagers - 26 Male compensation and reinstatement of affected assets; ▪ PIA By Ethnic Group: • Introducing of Grievance Redress Mechanism including PIU, authorities and chiefs in Lao-Tai: 0 subproject core villages as addressees; - 0 Female • General introduction of project features and implementation status; - 0 Male • Land requirements for water supply components based on feasibility study design; Mon-Khmer: 0 • Confirmation of no impacts on private asset based on feasibility study design; - 0 Female - 0 Male • Category of subproject (ADB category C) relates to no permanent adverse impacts on Hmong-Mien: 31 private assets, only disturbances during construction work; • The project distributed (1) tep of grievance in A0 Format for people in core village s - 05 Female s ’ - 26 Male area; and (2). Decree No. 84 on resettlement and compensation. • Disturbances and counter measures related to construction work; IA/PIA [1F + 4M] • Others.

125

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: General: • Naiban: welcomed the project team. • Villagers: appreciated the project for their community. • Mr. Viengxai Head of PIU: explained objective of the meeting. Specific: Q1: Mr. Vilay - villager: - Which land will be used for the project? A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - WTP will be setting in Public land; this location is near district office. Q2: Mr. Khamphia - villager: - How much time will it takes to have the construction completed? - What will be the water price? A2: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - The timeline for the project includes this year only for feasibility study report and survey with collection of data. After that the technical team will conduct surveys for detail design. In previous projects it took about 2 years; that means by end 2022 construction could be completed or operation could start early 2023. - The expected water price you have to pay is 1sqm for 4000 Kip. Q3: Mr. San On - Deputy village Chief: - Will there be damages by construction works? - Who will be responsible for it? A3: PIA: - The policy of the project is in case of impact on assets or structure during construction that the construction company will replace in kind or compensate in cash to owner of affected assets. - There will be disturbances temporally during construction phase, but no permanent impacts on private assets; 26 Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 41 participants Presentation: Feb Village: Namkhouy above above By sex: • Same as above 2020 Venue: Meeting hall - 11 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 8:20 – 11:05 - 30 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Village chief: Welcoming the project team. He will ensure that the content of this Lao-Tai: 05 meeting will be spread in the village as not all households can participate. - Female • Villagers: For installing pipes they do not expect problems. They will support the new - 05 Male project because nowadays they have big problems with water in particular in the dry Hmong-Mien: 36 season. They have spring water supply and water wells. - 11 Female - 25 Male IA/PIA [01F + 4M]

126

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY Specific: Q1: Mrs. Biayang - villager. - Project construction has impact on structure or tree? - Who will compensate for that? - For water meter people pay for or is free of charge? A1: PIA: - During construction phase for any damage on your assets the company must replace in kind (example floor) or in cash (example tree). - For the meter or water connections to every house in the core area the policy of the project is to provide free connections during construction phase only. - Water supply has high standard (quality of water and technical supply (pressure of piped water). Q others: Same as above A others: same as above 26 Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 67 participants Presentation: Feb Village: Khonvat above above By sex: • Same as above 2020 Venue: Village meeting hall - 09 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 17:30 - 19:30 - 58 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Naiban: Welcome to project team and describing objective of the public consultation Lao-Tai: 15 meeting to villagers. - 04 Female • Villagers: Agree with the project, as the village has problems with supply of water. - 11 Male Specific: Mon-Khmer: 02 Q1: Mr. Kayenglor. / Deputy District Governor: - 0 Female - For the raw water to be used in water supply also is critical as Nam Lan is far - 02 Male away from here and Nam Sane would require a raw water pump to WTP. Which Hmong-Mien: 50 - 05 Female source will be taken? Can a household have two water connection / meters? A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - 45 Male - Engineer team of the project will take both options into consideration again for the

raw water. Currently the feasibility study is done, detailed design will decide / IA/PIA [01F + 4M] confirm about the best option. - One connection to every house only.

Q2: Mr. Sythone - villager:

- What is the price for used water? A2: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - Price will be 4000 Kip/m3.; meaning 1,000 liters for 4,000 Kip. Q3: Mr. Vueyeng – Villager: - People who would have an impact – can we get compensation? A3: PIA: - For a permanent impact the project would compensate, f.i. land loss. For damage the company must replace in kind (example floor) or in cash (example tree).

127

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY 27 Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 41 participants Presentation: Feb Village: Hinsor above above By sex: • Same as above 2020 Venue: Village meeting hall - 08 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 9:10 – 11:40 - 33 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Naiban: Welcome to project team and confirming the high interest in the project. Lao-Tai: 0 • Villagers: Agree with project because their village is located on a higher hilly area - 0 Female Some houses use water directly from Nam Sane river, others use water wells, which - 0 Male is not enough in dry season. For both sources the water quality is not so good. Mon-Khmer: 01 Specific: - 0 Female Q1: Mrs. Maimoua - villager. - 01 Male Hmong-Mien: 40 - How long can be the piped connection? And do we have to pay for the meter? A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - 7 Female - One meter for a house. And one free connection with 15m from contribution pipe - 33 Male Q2: Mr. Nongtor - villager.

IA/PIA [01F + 4M] - If I have damage on my concrete access to my house who will compensate me? A2: PIA:

- Such damages will be measured and replaced to same or better quality as part of the installation work of pipes by the contractor. This will be supervised and measured during construction work. 27 Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 78 participants Presentation: Feb Village: Vunglouang above above By sex: • Same as above 2020 Venue: Village meeting hall - 47 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 13:30 - 16:30 - 31 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Naiban: Welcome to project team and describing purpose of the public consultation Lao-Tai: 78 meeting to villagers - 47 Female • Villagers: Agree with project because the village is along the main street in a - 31 Male mountainous area where existing spring water supply is not sufficient. Mon-Khmer: 0 Specific: - 0 Female - 0 Male Q1: Mr.Vanhxai - Deputy of Village Chief: - How long is the pipe connection? Do I have to pay for the meter? Hmong-Mien: 0 A1: Mr. Viengxaiv - Head of PIU: - x Female - You can have 15m from free connection pipe. Otherwise you must buy them. - x Male Q2: Mrs. Khambang; villager: - When is start to construction; in my village we have a big water problem? IA/PIA [01F + 4M] A2: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU:

- This year survey and feasibility study followed by detailed design completion. The project will start operation early 2023.

128

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY 28 Feb Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 65 participants Presentation: 2020 Village Phonxay above above By sex: • Same as above Venue meeting hall - 32 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 8:50 – 11:30 - 33 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Naiban: Welcoming the project and mentioning the village’s motivation for WSSP. Lao-Tai: 6 Specific: - 2 Female Q1: Mr. Sengphanh Villager: - 4 Male – - We do not know where the locations are for WTP, office and intake? Mon-Khmer: 59 A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - 4 Female - For this village no private land required for these components, as all will be - 55 Male constricted on governmental land in other villages. Hmong-Mien: 0 Q2: Mr. Phaivanh - Village Chief. - 0 Female - For the impact on concrete, structure and other who are will compensate. - 0 Male A2: PIU: Mr. Viengxay.

- The constructing company will compensate by repair or replace the same or IA/PIA [01F + 4M] better the old one; after finished install pipe layout

28 Feb Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 30 participants Presentation: 2020 Village Phonlao above above By sex: • Same as above Venue village meeting hall - 14 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 13:40 - 16:30 - 26 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Village Chief: Appreciating the implementation of the water supply project. Lao-Tai: 09 • Villagers: Indicated their support with the project to obtain safe water supply. - 03 Female Specific: - 06 Male Q1: Mr. Khambang - Deputy Village Chief. Mon-Khmer: 21 - We would like to know about the land to set up WTP, PNP office and reservoir - 06 Female - 15 Male because all the land in our village is public land or private land. A1: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: Hmong-Mien: 0 - From the design the proposed area for the WTP is in your village. We will select - 0 Female public land only. We will need to request a certificating letter by the governor to - 0 Male get agreement with the project after completion of survey and design layout. - In case there would an impact by this for you, you would be compensated for loss IA/PIA [01F + 4M] of private assets before project construction. For this purpose, we have at village

and district level committees. Q2: Mr. Amphai - Villager: - When does construction work start, and can I work with the project? A2: Mr. Viengxai - Head of PIU: - The project will start construction in 2021. The project owner will support to use local labour by contractors.

129

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY 29 Feb Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 111 participants Presentation: 2020 Village: Samkhon above above By sex: • Same as above Venue meeting hall - 39 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 08:40 – 11:40 - 72 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Village Chief: Well come to project team and explain objective for the public Lao-Tai: 02 consultation meeting to villagers. - 2 Female • Villagers: Confirmed their motivation for the project because of their current water - 0 Male supply problems (not enough in the dry season, some house get water from other Mon-Khmer: 109 houses). - 39 Female Specific: - 70 Male Hmong-Mien: 0 Q1: Mr. Sorsouvanh Sysonpheth - Villager. - We are happy to hear from you about the project; but we are concerned about the - 0 Female raw water source from Nam Lane river, as this river has not enough water in dry - 0 Male season. But now maybe not enough. Water is also used for irrigation. In our

IA/PIA [01F + 4M] village we use spring water for water supply. A1: PIU: Mr. Viengxai/ Head PIU.

- For this village no permanent impact on private assets. - For the raw water to be used we have to consider different sources in order to ensure reliable water source. The deign team considers available rivers. Q2: Mr. Boua - Villager. - For the impact on concrete, structure and other assets who will compensate for? A2: PIU: Mr. Viengxay. - The policy of the WSSP is that in case of impact/damage on structure (fence, floor) the construction company will replace in kind at same or better quality. There are temporary disturbances expected during construction phase 29 Feb Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 28 participants Presentation: 2020 Village: Phonmouang above above By sex: • Same as above Venue village meeting hall - 14 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 17:10 - 20:30 - 14 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Village Chief: Well come to project team and explain objective for the public Lao-Tai: 28 consultation meeting to villagers. - 14 Female • Villagers: Confirmed their motivation for the project because of their current water - 14 Male supply problems (not enough in the dry season, some house get water from other Mon-Khmer: 0 houses). - 0 Female Specific: - 0 Male Qs: As above. Hmong-Mien: 0 As: As above. - 0 Female - 0 Male IA/PIA [01F + 4M]

130

LARC DISTRICT AND VILLAGE CONSULTATION MEETINGS – RECORDS

DATE TYPE OF MEETING AND LOCATION AGENCY PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSION / RESPONSES / OUTCOMES FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS WITH RESPONSIBILITY 1 March Consultation meeting ▪ Same as ▪ Same as Total: 45 participants Presentation: 2020 Village: Phoupaman above above By sex: • Same as above Venue village meeting hall - 0 Female Comments - Question - Answer session during village meeting: Time: 9:10 – 11:40 - 0 Male General: By Ethnic Group: • Naiban: Welcome to project team and describing objective of the public consultation Lao-Tai: 0 meeting to villagers. - 0 Female • Villagers: Agree with the project, as the village has problems with supply of water. - 0 Male Specific: Mon-Khmer: 0 Q1: Mr. Shongvue - Villager. - 0 Female - The village is far from the town area. So where are the water supply components - 0 Male Hmong-Mien: 45 and from where will the water be taken? A1: PIU: Mr. Viengxai/ Head PIU. - 14 Female - For this village there will be no land requirements, as the water supply - 31 Male components are in other villages.

IA/PIA [01F + 4M] - The question of intake is still under consideration including Nam Lune river. Q2: Ms. Douasong Navongxai / Deputy Village Chief.

- For the impact on concrete, structure and other who are will compensate? - People wait for water supply as people go far from the village to take water for Hom. We need as soon as possible the construction starting. A2: PIU: Mr. Viengxay. - The policy of the WSSP is that in case of impact/damage on structure (fence, floor) the construction company will replace in kind at same or better quality. There are temporary disturbances expected during construction phase TOTAL PARTICIPANTS 569 (F:160 / M: 409) LAO-TAI 206 (F: 82 / M: 124) MON-KHMER 195 (F: 49 / M: 156) HMONG-MIEN 157 (F: 29 / M: 139)

IA/PIA 05 (F: 01 / M: 04)

131

LARC JOINT CONSULTATION MEETING – ATTENDANCE LISTS VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN NAXAY VILLAGE VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN KHONVAT VILLAGE DATE: 25 FEB 2020 DATE: 26 FEB 2020 PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 31 (FEMALE: 05 AND MALE:26) PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 67 (FEMALE: 09 AND MALE: 58) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 5 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 5 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4)

SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 3 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 9 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA

132

LARC JOINT CONSULTATION MEETING – ATTENDANCE LISTS VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN NAMKHOUAY VILLAGE VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN HINSOR VILLAGE DATE: 26 FEB 2020 DATE: 27 FEB 2020 PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 41 (FEMALE: 11 AND MALE: 30) PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 41 (FEMALE: 07 AND MALE: 34) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 5 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 5 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4)

SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 3 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 3 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA

133

LARC JOINT CONSULTATION MEETING – ATTENDANCE LISTS VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN VUNGLOUANG VILLAGE VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN PHONXAI VILLAGE DATE: 27 FEB 2020 DATE: 28 FEB 2020 PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 78 (FEMALE: 47 AND MALE:31) PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 65 (FEMALE: 06 AND MALE: 59) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4)

SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 7 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 6 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA

134

LARC JOINT CONSULTATION MEETING – ATTENDANCE LISTS VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN PHONLAO VILLAGE VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN XAMKHON VILLAGE DATE: 28 FEB 2020 DATE: 29 FEB 2020 PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 30 (FEMALE: 09 AND MALE:21) PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 111 (FEMALE: 41 AND MALE:70) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4)

SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 3 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 10 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA

135

LARC JOINT CONSULTATION MEETING – ATTENDANCE LISTS VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN PHOUNMOUANG VILLAGE VILLAGE: MEETING IN BAN PHOUPAMAN VILLAGE DATE: 29 FEB 2020 DATE: 1 MARCH 2020 PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 28 (FEMALE: 14 AND MALE:14) PARTICIPANTS: TOTAL 52 (FEMALE: 07 AND MALE: 45) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4) FACILITATOR: PIA, PIU AND OTHERS TOTAL 05 (FEMALE: 01 AND MALE:4)

SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 3 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, SHOWN IS ONE REPRESENTATIVE PAGE 1 OF 4 ALL ATTENDANCE SHEETS, WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA WHICH ARE ADMINISTERED BY DWS AND PIA

136

Appendix J: Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report

LAO: Water Supply Sector Project

Reporting Period: [date covered by this report] Date: [date of issue of this report] SEMR Report Number: [1, 2 or 3 ... – depending on how many SEMRs issued before]

Ministry of Public Works and Transport

CONTENTS

I. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS SUMMARY ...... 1 A. Summary of Project Progress ...... 1 B. Summary of EMP Implementation ...... 2 C. Summary of EMP Monitoring ...... 2 D. Summary of Complaints, Issues and Corrective Action ...... 2 II. SAFEGUARDS STAFF, TRAINING, AND DOCUMENTATION ...... 2 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 2 B. Training and Capacity Building ...... 3 C. ADB Approvals ...... 4 D. National Approvals ...... 4 E. Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) Approvals ...... 5 III. EMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 5 A. Environmental Performance ...... 5 B. Health and Safety Performance ...... 7 IV. EMP MONITORING ...... 8 A. Environmental Quality Monitoring ...... 8 B. Construction Phase Affected People Consultation ...... 9 V. COMPLAINTS, ISSUES, AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ...... 9 A. Information Disclosure ...... 9 B. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 10 C. Corrective Action...... 11 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 11

APPENDIXES

Appendix 1: Environmental Quality Monitoring Results ...... 12 Appendix 2: Photo Record – Visits, Monitoring, Consultation ...... 13

List of Tables

Table 1: Project Progress Summary ...... 1 Table 2: Status of Environmental Safeguard Roles ...... 3 Table 3: Environmental Safeguards Training Provided and Planned ...... 4 Table 4: Status of Environmental Safeguard Documents ...... 4 Table 5: Status of National Approvals for Environmental Documents ...... 4 Table 6: Status of CEMP Approvals ...... 5 Table 7: Summary of Status of EMP Compliance – ALL subprojects] ...... 6 Table 8: EMP– Actions Needed and Resolutions for Compliance [subproject] ...... 6 Table 9: Status of Health and Safety Compliance - ALL subprojects ...... 7 Table 10: Status of Health and Safety Actions Needed for Compliance - ALL subprojects ...... 8 Table 11: EMP Environmental Quality Monitoring Requirements ...... 8 Table 12: EMP Environmental Quality Monitoring implemented ...... 8 Table 13: Construction Phase Affected People Consultation ...... 9 Table 14: Information Disclosure ...... 10 Table 15: Project Complaints or Issues ...... 10 Table 16: Project Complaints or Issues – Not resolved from previous reports ...... 11 Table 17: Corrective Action Issued...... 11

List of Figures

No table of figures entries found.

Notes on this template:

[Advice: text in red} - this gives the PMU help on what information to add into the sections of the report. Delete the red text when the report is complete. [text in yellow] - delete this text and add the relevant answer. Delete the text in yellow when the answers are completed.

I. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS SUMMARY [Advice: Complete this summary under each heading. This summary can be copied directly into the main report to support with the Main Report preparation]

1. The [1st,2nd, 3rd etc] Semi-annual Environment Monitoring Report (SEMR) covers the period of [start month – end month and year] for [Project Name]. The SEMR has been prepared to fulfil the safeguard policy requirement of ADB.

2. The SEMR is prepared by [name of organisation and function e.g External Monitoring Consultant or Support Consultant] and checked by [PMU or Ministry].

A. Summary of Project Progress [Advice: Complete the summary table below. Section 2 gives more detail Project Progress]

3. The following table gives a brief summary of the project progress for contract award, construction and key activities in this reporting period:

Table 1: Project Progress Summary Safeguards Category Environment B Reporting Period: [Months/ Year] Date Last Report Issued: [Month/ Year] [Advice: For each Civil Works Contract to be awarded, give progress to date] Contracts Awarded to CW1 [contractor name, award date, subproject] Date: CW2 [contractor name, award date, subproject]

[Advice: For each Civil Works Contract to be awarded, at END of Reporting Period] As of [Month/Year of this reporting period] the physical construction Construction Progress to progress is as follows: Date: CW1 [x %] construction completed CW2 [x %] construction completed

[Advice: For each Civil Works (CW) Contract, write the key activities that have taken place on construction sites during the 6 months covered in this report]

Construction Activities CW1 [e.g. ground clearance and preparation, excavation of site] Key Sub-project CW2 Activities in this [e.g. ground clearance and preparation, excavation of site] Reporting Period: [Advice: Include any consents or permissions in this section such as UXO clearance, EIA Approval, Waste disposal permission – include any issued during the 6 months covered in this report]

Permits or Consents Issued: Permit / Consent for [activity] issued by [Authority] on [date]

B. Summary of EMP Implementation [Advice: This section gives a high level summary of how the progress on implementing the EMP and the mitigation measures is progressing, in this reporting period. Consider any main issues – the detail will be in the EMP Implementation section of the main report]

4. EMP implementation is summarised in the following points, for this reporting period:

• [mitigation measures in use] • [overall progress and performance of contractors] • [other issues affecting project environmental performance?]

C. Summary of EMP Monitoring [Advice: This section gives a high level summary of how the EMP has been monitored in this reporting period. This includes site visits by PIU, PMU, Construction Supervision Contractor, Independent Monitoring Organisation. The EMP will say who should be monitoring and when. Detail will be in the EMP Monitoring section of the main report]

5. EMP monitoring is summarised in the following points, for this reporting period:

• Number of Monitoring Visits to Construction Site and wider area: o [Number of] visits by PMU/PIU o [Number of] visits by [others e.g. Independent Monitoring Organisation, MoE, CSC] • Number of Environmental Samples Tested: o [Number of] water quality samples tested o [Number of] air quality samples tested o [Number of] water quality samples tested

D. Summary of Complaints, Issues and Corrective Action [Advice: This section informs the Project and ADB of any potential problems that have been addressed or need to be addressed. It can include formal complaints through project Grievance Redress Mechanism. This is main issues only – the detail will be in the Corrective Actions/GRM part of the main report]

6. Any complaints, issues and corrective action that has been identified or implement is summarised in the following points, for this reporting period:

• Issues Raised: [issues on construction sites e.g. dust, noise, traffic] • Grievances Raised with GRM: [Number of] grievances • Corrective Action issued by project to Contractor: o [problem that needed corrective action] o problem that needed corrective action]

II. SAFEGUARDS STAFF, TRAINING, AND DOCUMENTATION

A. Implementation Arrangements [Advice: This section confirms if all roles have staff allocated, or if there are more people to recruit. It confirms if there are resources available for the project for Environmental Safeguards. If resources are not available e.g. cannot find the skills, or people have no time, say so here]

7. The EMP defines the Environmental Safeguards roles and responsibilities. The roles are required to be filled in order to meet the EMP requirements. The following table gives the status of the key roles for EMP implementation:

Table 2: Status of Environmental Safeguard Roles Safeguards Role Status & Comment Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] [see EMP for list of roles Started: Time required e.g. Project Consultant [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Environmental Specialist] Comment No time available?] Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] [e.g. PMU- Environmental Control Started: Time Officer (ECO)] [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] [e.g. PIU Environmental And Social Started: Time Safeguards Staff ] [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] Started: Time [e.g. PIU GRM Focal Point ] [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] Started: Time [e.g. CSC] [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] [e.g. Environmental Monitoring Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] Consultant (EMC)] Started: Time [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] [e.g. Contractor Environment Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] Health & safety Staff] Started: Time [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?] Date Full Time/ Part [date] [FT/PT] [others? E.g Contractor GRM Started: Time Person] [Person Identified? Problems identifying person? Comment No time available?]

8. The project concludes that the environmental safeguards roles are [conclusion – enough people? Enough budget for staff? Other conclusion or comment?]

B. Training and Capacity Building [see EMP for list of training required]

9. The following table gives the environmental safeguards training courses that have been completed during this reporting period and the planned training courses for the next six months:

Table 3: Environmental Safeguards Training Provided and Planned Training Course Title Training Date Participants Training Provider [date [E.g CEMP /EMP – [e.g. No. of PIU/PMU, [e.g. Support consultants, completed or preparation] Contractors] MoE, Independent trainer] future]

C. ADB Approvals [Advice: This section updates ADB with the current progress on the EMP and IEE for the project. Ensure the up to date documents are available and it is clear which is the latest version of each document]

10. The following table gives information on the status of the safeguards documents.

Table 4: Status of Environmental Safeguard Documents Update Issued Submitted to Safeguards Documents Submitted to MoE (Latest Version) ADB

[e.g. IEE] [date] [date or Not Applicable] [date]

[e.g. EMP subproject 1] [date] [date or Not Applicable] [date]

[e.g. EMP Subproject 2] [date] [date or Not Applicable] [date]

[e.g. EMP Subproject 3] [date] [date or Not Applicable] [date]

D. National Approvals [Advice: This section updates ADB with the current progress on any national approvals and/or certifications needed such as final Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), IEIA, ECC, Environmental Protections Contract, etc. (varies from country to country) or EMP approvals from the relevant Ministry. If there is no change between this reporting period and the last, the table in the previous report can be used here]

11. The following table gives an update on the necessary national approvals required for the project to proceed.

Table 5: Status of National Approvals for Environmental Documents Status if Submitted to Approved – Documents not Comment MoE By MoE: approved [e.g on [date or Not going, [add any further comment/ [e.g. EIA] [date] Applicable] expected suggestion here] July 2020] [e.g on [e.g. EMP [date or Not going, [date] subproject 1] Applicable] expected July 2020]

Status if Submitted to Approved – Documents not Comment MoE By MoE: approved [e.g on [e.g. EMP [date or Not going, [date] Subproject 2] Applicable] expected July 2020] [e.g on [e.g. EMP [date or Not going, [date] Subproject 3] Applicable] expected July 2020]

E. Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) Approvals [Advice: This section updates ADB on whether the contractor’s have submitted the CEMP for each civil works package, and if the quality of the CEMP is suitable. ADB would also need assurance that the CEMPs have updated health and safety plans in line with national legislation and any WHO best practices to ensure the necessary COVID-19 mitigation and safety measures are in place to ensure workers health and safety.]

12. The following table confirms the status of the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) for each CW package:

Table 6: Status of CEMP Approvals Civil Works Package/ CEMP Given to PMU Approved By PMU Comment Subproject [E.g. quality of CEMP? Good quality? Easy to [e.g. CW01 Wastewater] [date] [Yes & Date or No] monitor, generally complies with ADB?] [e.g. CW02 Landfill] [date] [Yes & Date or No]

[e.g. CW03 Drainage] [date] [Yes & Date or No]

III. EMP IMPLEMENTATION

A. Environmental Performance [Advice: This is the most important table showing if the Safeguard requirements are being followed. This section is summarised for Section 1: Summary. The summary will be included in the main 6 monthly report for the entire project. Use all the monthly reports from PIU, PMU, GRM, Contractor, construction supervision consultant etc to complete this table.]

13. The following table gives the environmental impact mitigation measures in the Borrower (Project) EMP and the corresponding CEMP and how the project is progressing with implementing the mitigation measures, for each subproject.

14. The evidence for the compliance is through a combination of:

• Site visits to observe site practices;

• Consultation with affected people; • Regular environmental reporting from [CSC, Contractor, others, according to EMP requirements].

[Advice: This table needs to be repeated for each sub-project. Each subproject can EMP has different Mitigation Measures & progress to report on. Health & safety Mitigation measures are reported separately]

Table 7: Summary of Status of EMP Compliance – ALL subprojects] Compliance & EMP Requirement Description Comment or Further Reasons for Not Full (Mitigation (Yes, No, Explanation if Needed Compliance Measure) Partial) 1 Example 1. Worker Camp includes septic tank Yes - Camp Sanitation which is installed 2 -Water is not sprayed Contractor given corrective Example 2. Noise 2x daily; action issued 21-07-19: and Dust Partial -Working outside -Spray 3x daily allowed hours, starting Management -Start work 7am at 6:30am 1 [comment on evidence of [give reason/evidence [mitigation measure] [Yes/No/Partial] compliance if needed any – for non-compliance] additional information] 2

6 [continue]

15. For all ‘Partial’ or ‘No’ compliance issues in the table above, the actions needed to solve and actions carried out the compliance issues are in the table below. This table also confirms that the action was completed or that the action is outstanding: [Advice: For any Partial or Not Compliance issues in the table above, the table below shows ADB what actions will be taken to ensure compliance]

Table 8: EMP– Actions Needed and Resolutions for Compliance [subproject]

Further Action to Responsibility EMP Requirement Resolution Date for Action Take and Timing None (if action Completed was not Contractor should Action was resolved in the not start work before taken and former column 0 Noise and dust 7am Contractor confirmed then here is 2 management Contractor should 30.09.2020 by PIU visit where the spray water minimum of 18th Sep revised date is 3x daily 2020 to be inserted by when the

Further Action to Responsibility EMP Requirement Resolution Date for Action Take and Timing action should be completed) [who [requirement from [action implements table above for [action needed to carried out to action] [date for action] non-compliant make issue compliant] make issue [deadline for issues] compliant] action]

[Advice: This table shows the result/outcome of Actions needed to be taken and resolutions to issues reported in the table 7.]

B. Health and Safety Performance [Advice: This reports on any health and safety requirements for the project that the contractor needs to fulfil. This can be combined for all subprojects with similar H&S requirements. Due to the COVID-19 reporting on specific measures that are in place in line with national legislation and requirements for the pandemic need to be included. ADB would also need assurance that the CEMPs have updated health and safety plans in line with national legislation and any WHO best practices to ensure the necessary COVID-19 mitigation and safety measures are in place.]

16. The following table gives the Health and Safety impact mitigation measures in the Borrower EMP and how the project is progressing with implementing the mitigation measures, for all subprojects.

Table 9: Status of Health and Safety Compliance - ALL subprojects Compliance & Health and Safety Description Comment or Further Reasons for Not Full Requirement (Yes, No, Explanation if Needed Compliance Partial) 1 Subproject: Landfill - Re-issue safety Example 1. Workers Workers are not all wearing clothing to those without Need to wear Partial hard hats and high visibility -Training on staff to protective clothing Workers seen without remind them to wear it safety boots 18th August 2020 2 Subproject: All Example 2. First Aid Yes First Aid Kit available in site None kit needed on site offices [complete for each

issue]

17. For all ‘Partial’ or ‘No’ compliance issues in the table above, the actions needed to solve the compliance issues are in the table below: This table also confirms that the action was completed or that the action is outstanding. [Advice: For any Partial or Not Compliance issues in the table above, the table below shows ADB what actions will be taken to ensure compliance]

Table 10: Status of Health and Safety Actions Needed for Compliance - ALL subprojects Health and Further Responsible Date for Action Safety Action to Resolution Date for Action Taken Requirement Take 1 Example 1. All workers to Contractor Workers Need to be given and 25th August Contractor wear protective wear safety 2020 clothing clothing [complete for

each issue]

IV. EMP MONITORING [Advice: This section should show the progress made against the monitoring that is required in the EMP for each subproject. This is a combination of environmental quality monitoring (e.g. taking samples or water, noise measurements) and monitoring the EMP performance by consulting affected people.]

A. Environmental Quality Monitoring

18. Environmental quality monitoring requirements are defined in the Monitoring Plan section of the EMP. The following table gives a summary of the environmental quality monitoring requirements for each subproject.

Table 11: EMP Environmental Quality Monitoring Requirements Environmental Responsible Subproject Issue Location Parameters Frequency Organisation Monitored [use EMP to complete this [primary [every 3 [noise ] [DbA ] [Contractor ] table e.g school ] months ] Subproject 1 ] [chemicals/temp [every 3 [Subproject 1 ] [water ] [stream ] [Contractor ] ] months ] [every 3 [Subproject 2 ] [noise ] [hospital ] [DbA ] [Contractor ] months ]

19. The following table gives information on the environmental quality monitoring implemented, during this reporting period. Detailed results compared to relevant national / international standards are in Appendix 1.

Table 12: EMP Environmental Quality Monitoring implemented Environmental Issue Subproject Location Monitoring Date Monitored

[Subproject 1 ] [Noise ]

[Subproject 1 ] [Surface Water Quality ]

[Subproject 1 ] [Groundwater Quality ]

20. Summary of Results – Noise. [one paragraph summary on the results – eg. do they meet national standards, international standards? Does it show a good quality or poor-quality environment?].

21. Summary of Results – Surface Water quality. [one paragraph summary on the results – eg. do they meet national standards, international standards? Does it show a good quality or poor-quality environment?].

22. Summary of Results – Groundwater quality. [one paragraph summary on the results – eg. do they meet national standards, international standards? Does it show a good quality or poor- quality environment?].

23. Summary of Results – Air quality. [one paragraph summary on the results – eg. do they meet national standards, international standards? Does it show a good quality or poor-quality environment?].

B. Construction Phase Affected People Consultation [Advice: Complete the table below with the consultations undertaken during construction site monitoring. This is usually undertaken by project staff e.g. PIU or PMU]

24. During the construction phase, the following table gives information on the consultations that were undertaken in order to understand the impact of the project on Affected People and how effective the EMP Mitigation measures are for residents, businesses and other affected people around the construction sites.

Table 13: Construction Phase Affected People Consultation Action Person Consultation Outcome / Corrective Implemented Subproject Consulted Date Issues Action Needed by / Location (person/date) [e.g. group [Issues of 5 raised or [Describe how [e.g Contractor, residents, General [Subproject 1 ] [date ] this issue will be by June 14 outside comment solved ] 2020] commune from person office ] on project]

V. COMPLAINTS, ISSUES, AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

A. Information Disclosure [Advice: In this section, provide information on any public meetings, dissemination of information that has taken place to give information to the public. Some of this will take place in the ‘before

construction’ phase, when the project is being prepared. For the FIRST SEMR, include information on pre-construction disclosure activities such as GRM dissemination.]

25. The following table gives information on any information disclosure activities undertaken:

Table 14: Information Disclosure Topic / Reason for Disclosure Method of Outcome / Results Information Date Disclosure [e.g. new project [e.g. information schedule, update on [Issues raised or outcome of [date ] board, meeting, GRM, change to meeting] leaflet ] construction plans]

B. Grievance Redress Mechanism [Advice: In this section include any complaints made through the GRM INCLUDING those made during any consultation with Affected People – such as issued raised in Table 13 . Include any complaints made that have already been resolved e.g. resolved during time of consultation]

26. The following table gives information on complaints about the project the Project Team is aware of, during this reporting period. The table includes:

• Complaints made thorough GRM entry points • Issues raised in consultation; • Issues raised any other way that the project team is aware of.

27. For issues that have already been solved, this is confirmed in the final column of the table. Where possible the project tries to solve all issues as quickly as possible through informal discussions between the affected people and the contractor.

Table 15: Project Complaints or Issues Detail of Details of Complaint / Person (Date, Action Needed & Comment / Resolved? Issue Raised Name, Contact Date Details) [date , Name of [e.g. contractor to [e.g. noise/dust, poor [Issue solved. Action has been Person, Phone reinstate water access to house, affected taken and Affected Person is number/village supply by 19th June water supply] satisfied. PIU followed up.] location] 2020 ]

28. The following table gives information on all issues raised in previous SEMRs which are not yet resolved:

Table 16: Project Complaints or Issues – Not resolved from previous reports Detail of Person (Date, Reason this is Details of Complaint Action Needed & Date Name, Contact Details) still not resolved [e.g noise/dust, poor [date , Name of Person, [e.g. contractor to [explain why the access to house, affected Phone number/village reinstate water supply problem water supply] location] by 19th June 2020] continues.]

C. Corrective Action [Advice: In this section, provide information on any formal corrective action that had to be issued to change practices on the construction site].

29. The following table gives information on any formal corrective action that has been issued to the contractor in order to improve environmental performance:

Table 17: Corrective Action Issued Reason for Corrective Date Issued Outcome Comment / Follow Up Action [e.g. Contractor formally requested to [e.g water supply repair water supply [PIU will monitor the water [date ] damaged to village] and compensate supply monthly] people. This was undertaken. ]

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION [Advice: Summarise if the EMP is being followed and if the Environmental Safeguards are adequate. Make recommendations on what will happen to improve the project environmental performance in the next reporting period] 30. Conclusion: [on general environmental progress]

31. Recommendations: [on next steps and actions to take to make improvements in environmental performance of the project]

12 Appendix 1

Appendix 1: Environmental Quality Monitoring Results

[Insert Table of results and relevant national/international standard]

Appendix 2 13

Appendix 2: Photo Record – Visits, Monitoring, Consultation

Photographs of Site Visits

Photographs of Environmental Quality Monitoring

Photographs of Consultation

154

Appendix K: Environmental Management Plan (Longxan Subproject)

Environmental Management Plan

September 2020

LAO: Water Supply Sector Project

Subproject: Longxan District, Xaisomboun Province

DRAFT

Prepared by the Department of Water Supply, Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 September 2020)

Currency unit – Kip (KN) KN1.00 = $ 0.00011 $1.00 = KN 9,224

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CEMP - contractor’s environmental management plan DONRE - Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment EARF - environmental assessment and review framework EHS - environmental health and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management Plan EPL - Environmental Protection Law GRM - grievance redress mechanism IEE - initial environmental examination LACP - land acquisition and compensation plan MPH - Ministry of Public Health MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPWT - Ministry of Public Works and Transport MSDS - materials safety data sheets NAPA - National Adaptation Program of Action NRW - nonrevenue water PCR project completion report PCU - project coordination unit PIU - project implementation unit PMC project management consultants PNP - provincial nam papa (provincial water utility) SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 UXO - unexploded ordnance VDC - village development committee VEI - village environmental improvement WSSP - Water Supply Sector Project WTP - water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha - hectare m - meter km - kilometer l/s - liters per second masl - meters above sea level mm - millimetre ⁰C - degree centigrade dBA - decibel mg/l - milligram per liter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Description of the Project 1 B. Description of the Subproject 1 II. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION 1 III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 3 A. Monitoring and Reporting 17 B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs 21 C. Public Consultations 21 D. Capacity Building 21 IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 21 A. Type of Grievances 21 B. Grievance Resolution Process 22 1. Arbitration Committees 22 2. Grievance Redress Procedures 23

APPENDIX

Appendix A Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

List of Tables

Table 1: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management 2 Table 2: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 4 Table 3: EMP Reporting Plan 18 Table 4. Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results 20 Table 5: Grievance Redress Procedures 23

List of Figures

Figure 1: Sample Complaint Letter 25

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Description of the Project

1. The Water Supply Sector Project (WSSP) aims to work with the DWS in establishing a sector performance benchmarking program, which can be used to continually monitor and improve operations and services. The Project will also strengthen the capacity of DWS and participating Nam Papas (PNPs) in corporate governance, O&M, and service delivery. The urban infrastructures will be improved by construction of public latrines and access to safe piped water supply will be improved through rehabilitation and improvement of the existing and construction of new water supply water supply facilities. The project is consistent with the Government’s urban water supply and sanitation sector policy and investment plan and supports the country’s targets for piped water supply for urban population. The WSSP will be implemented through a sector loan and grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) and the Provincial Department of Public Works and Transport together with the Provincial Nam Papas or provincial water utilities (Implementing Agencies) will be responsible for identifying, prioritizing, appraising, selecting and approving subprojects in accordance with the Government and ADB’s policies and procedures.

B. Description of the Subproject

2. The Longxan subproject will integrate measures to improve future non-revenue water (NRW) management, as part of the development of new water supply infrastructure in order to ensure sufficient and efficient water supply in the Longxan urban area. The proposed network will be split into DMA’s using boundary valves and bulk meters for flow measurement into each zone. The proposed water supply development plan will provide treated water from the Nam Khone River to household connections in 10 villages (2019 population of 12,627). From the base 2019 population, and a projected average population growth of 4% up to 2034 and 3% thereafter, a 3,200m3/d total required treatment capacity is estimated for the design year 2039.

3. A new 3,200m3/d WTP will be constructed with conventional treatment processes. The proposed distribution network will operate in one primary, gravity-fed distribution system from a clear water reservoir at the WTP site with a total capacity of 100m3. The distribution network will include approximately 36.8km of new main distribution pipeline and 60km of rider mains. With the free connection program, approximately 2,550 new domestic service connections are projected for the commissioning year in 2024.

II. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

4. Table 1 sets out the Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management. The contractor is required to prepare and implement at his cost a site specific Contractor’s EMP (CEMP) that complies with the national LAO PDR legislation and this generic EMP prepared in accordance with ADB SPS 2009 (and as amended from time to time). The Ministry of Public Works and Transport - Department of Water Supply and the PNP are the key institutions that will play crucial roles in the implementation of the subproject as well as in ensuring the proper and timely implementation of the requisite environment safeguard reports. The succeeding sections details the administrative and environmental management responsibilities of the concerned institutions.

Table 1: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management AGENCY ROLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION • Overall central level supervision and guidance related to natural resources and environment in MONRE/ the Lao PDR. The agency is in-charge of ✓ ✓ DONRE reviewing the IEE, issuing ECC and monitoring environmental compliance. • Overall supervision of subproject environmental screening and classification, IEE/EMP preparation and implementation. • Review of IEE/EMP, submission to ADB and coordination of approvals • Uploading of the IEE/EMP on MPWT website • Ensuring EMP is included in bid and contract documentation • Review and clearance of the contractor EMP (CEMP) ✓ (prior to PCU • Monitor the project’s adherence to the EMP and ✓ ensure corrective actions are implemented. PCR) • Review the quarterly environmental monitoring reports prepared by the PIU during the construction phase and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB. • Review the semi-annual progress report prepared by the PNP during the operational phase and submit the report to ADB. • Prepare environment section of Project Completion Report. • Principal responsibility for EMP and safeguards GRM implementation • Preparation of IEE and contract documentation after subproject screening having been cleared • Submission of IEE to PPSC and DONRE for reference during monitoring • Facilitate public and stakeholder consultation during IEE/EMP preparation. Conduct consultations with local residents in respect of specific sites where the proposed works will include excavation, determine the need for any further investigation and/or clearance services and submit to the PCU • Review and approve CEMP that establishes the PIU contractor’s management and compliance ✓ ✓ requirements with the construction section of the EMP. Ensure the CEMP contains an updated health and safety plan to account for COVID-19 measures as per the national requirements at that time. • Monitor compliance of the contractor with the EMP and CEMP. • Monitor GRM and effective resolution of complaints. • Consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports prepared by contractor through a quarterly progress report to be submitted to the PCU. • Provide members of the PPSC and the District Governor with copies of the quarterly progress report

AGENCY ROLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION • Support PCU and PIU with subproject screening in line with EARF and preparation of IEEs and EMPs • Provide training for PCU, PIUs and Contractors on EMP requirements. • Advise on issues arising with EMP and GRM PMC ✓ ✓ implementation • Support PCU/PIU with development and implementation of corrective action plans • Support PCU/PIUs with preparation of semi- annual environmental monitoring reports and environment section of PCR. • Coordination of provincial and district agencies for PPSC EMP implementation during construction and ✓ ✓ operation and ensuring compliance monitoring. • Participation in PIU ✓ • Implementation of operational aspects related to PNP water supply output in the EMP ✓ • Conduct water quality monitoring at WTP inlet, treated water, and distribution lines • Participation in PPSC ✓ OPWT • Implementation of operational aspects related to drainage ✓ • and public sanitation output in the EMP • Participation in PPSC ✓ DOH • Participation in environmental monitoring and ✓ awareness raising ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease, DOH = District Heath Office, DONRE = Department of Natural Resources and Environment, EARF = environmental assessment and review framework, ECC = environmental compliance certificate, EMP = environmental management plan, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IEE = initial environmental examination, MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, OPWT = Office of Public Works and Transport (District), PCR = project completion report, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultants, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), PPSC = provincial project steering committee, WTP = water treatment plant.

III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

5. The matrix of mitigation measures in Table 2 presents all the required measures and monitoring responsibilities corresponding to the impacts as assessed that are considered necessary through the environmental assessment process. The mitigation measures required cover all stages of the contract and are separated into pre-construction, construction and operation phases. It also provides measures on managing risk from COVID-19 on construction sites and workers’ housing.

6. This EMP is based on the type, extent and duration of the environmental impacts identified at the design stage. Where national requirements are not in place/do not exist, as per ADB SPS 2009, this EMP/CEMP requires that international industry best practice will be applied. In the event that unexpected impacts occur during implementation, the EMP/CEMP will be amended to take into account of unexpected impacts and mitigation measures will be amended as necessary.

Table 2: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE I. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Impact on land Implement the land acquisition LACP monitoring c/o PNP PIU acquisition and and compensation plan that was report operations community assets approved by the ADB for the cost subproject. Loss of community assets due to land Design access roads to acquisition and minimum necessary width and damage to installation of pipelines within the properties. Right-of-Way when feasible. Impact of location of The abstraction rate for the River level c/o PNP PIU, PNP raw water intake on water supply subprojects will be assessments at the operations Xaisomboun other water users limited to the 3,200 m3/day intake on a monthly cost capacity of the WTP for the basis Downstream river Longxan District sub-project. uses such as There is minimal conflict with irrigation, bathing, other water users of Nam Khone washing, and fishing River because there is still will be affected if enough water in the river that will excessive water meet the other river uses at the abstraction will occur. downstream. Impact to Natural Pre-construction inventory to be N/A N/A N/A resources and carried out prior construction. protected areas Cutting of trees will be Impact on natural undertaken as per approved resources and design and only upon approval. protected areas from Avoid cutting of trees as much cutting/clearing of as possible and minimize trees and other damage to native vegetation. vegetation. Trees that need to be cut in private land will be compensated in cash in accordance with the approved Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan Impact on Historical The Contractor will ensure that Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU, PNP and Archaeological the workforce are briefed that in operations Xaisomboun Sites the event of accidental finds cost relics they should immediately Damage to relics and cease any works in the area and artifacts during the promptly report the find to their conduct of the works. supervisor. Impact on Unexploded ordinance survey to Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU occupational health be carried out prior any works operations and safety permitted to commence. cost Contractor prepares Contractor prepares CEMP that CEMP prepared c/o PNP PIU, PNP site specific establishes the contractor’s and approved operations Xaisomboun environmental management and compliance cost management plan requirements with the (CEMP) construction section EMP.

Maintains Updated health and safety plan environmental to be included for COVID-19 integrity of the sub- measures as applicable per project national requirements at the time.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE CEMP conditions are confirmed with the contractor at an on-site meeting. When the PIU considers that the contractor is competent to comply with the CEMP the PMC is advised that the contractor can mobilize. II. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Temporary disruption Walking access will be Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP of existing community maintained to affected properties and reporting by civil works Contractor roads, pathways, and and access routes will be Supervision cost accesses temporarily lined with timber or Consultant and similar material. Particular PMC. Pipe laying will cause attention will be given to temporary disruption ensuring safety along roads and Report any of community paths used by pedestrians. complaint received services and access from the to properties. Side street parking of community to PIU construction vehicles on and document in Particularly at pipe prolonged basis will not be safeguard road crossings, allowed. monitoring reports. construction activities along narrow roads Install barriers and safety may lead to warning signs on road sections temporary blockage and if necessary deploy traffic or closure of roads aides/ flag persons at affected and hamper locations. Information boards at movement of vehicles blocked roads will provide and people in the information about the temporary community. closure of roads, schedule of works and the traffic-rerouting Community access to plan. areas in the vicinity of the WTP, pump Require the contractor to station, reservoir, and immediately rehabilitate the intake will be excavated areas and any affected. damaged road and path sections. Community access to areas in the vicinity of Enclose the WTP; pump station, schools, temples, reservoir, and intake perimeters village offices, market so that pathway use and stream places and meeting access remains unimpeded. halls will be affected during construction of Enclose the latrine construction public latrines. site to prevent access and limit disruption for the use of the schools and public buildings.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Impose speed limits on safeguard construction vehicles. monitoring reports.

Conduct regular maintenance on construction equipment and vehicles to control air emissions during vehicle operation. Noise Limit construction activities, Include EMP in bid Included in PIU, PNP particularly operation of noise documents and civil works Contractor Operation of generating equipment at night. contract. cost construction equipment such as Position any stationary Report any jackhammer will equipment that produce high complaint received cause excessive noise levels such as diesel from the noise resulting in generators as far as practical community to PIU. nuisance to from sensitive receptors. communities. Erect temporary barriers around construction sites especially near schools, hospitals, and houses.

Install noise suppression devices to noise generating equipment.

Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn and to comply with speed limits.

Provide information to community on schedule of construction activities through billboard/signs. Impact of borrow The contractor will be prohibited Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP materials from quarrying materials directly and reporting by civil works Contractor from Nam Khone River. Supervision cost Quarrying of Consultant and aggregates on Nam Construction materials will be PMC. Khone River will procured from Government- cause siltation and permitted sources / suppliers Report any affect the ecological only. complaint received condition of the river. from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Impact on ecological The contractors will prohibit Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP resources activities such as cutting wood and reporting by civil works Contractor for cooking, hunting, or wildlife Supervision cost Construction workers trade. Consultant and may undertake PMC. hunting of wildlife and cutting of wood Report any upstream of the complaint received intake. from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Clearing of Cutting of trees will be Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP vegetation undertaken as per approved and reporting by civil works Contractor design and only upon approval Supervision cost Poor planning and of relevant authorities. Avoid Consultant and execution of tree cutting of trees as much as PMC. clearing/vegetation possible and minimize damage removal at project to native vegetation. Trees that Report any facilities and along need to be cut in private land will complaint received pipeline alignments be compensated in cash from the can result in loss of accordance with the approved community to PIU vegetation and Land Acquisition and and document in general landscape Compensation Plan. safeguard monitoring reports. Roads and paths to the intakes, WTPs, and reservoirs will only be sufficiently wide to accommodate construction vehicles/equipment to minimize land take.

Manual labor will be utilized in sloping terrain where use of heavy equipment would cause unnecessary damage. Steep exposed slopes will be graded and covered with bush and grass to minimize erosion.

Implement landscaping and planting of trees/vegetation at sites of the proposed facilities. Water pollution - Construct silt traps, deviation Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP Sediment runoff channels, mounting barriers or and reporting by civil works Contractor trenches around the stockpiles Supervision cost Sediment runoff of materials. Consultant and undertaken during PMC. excavation, earthworks and Report any grading in the rainy complaint received season will cause from the siltation of rivers community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Water Pollution - Provide adequate water supply Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP Worker’s camp and temporary toilet facilities at and reporting by civil works Contractor the worker’s camp. Supervision cost Domestic wastewater Consultant and from worker’s camp PMC. would result to the discharge of sewage Report any into drainage canals. complaint received from the Unsanitary conditions community to PIU at the worker’s camp and document in will occur without the safeguard provision of monitoring reports. necessary sanitation arrangements.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Water pollution - Follow the recommended Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP Generation of dosage of chlorine during the and reporting by civil works Contractor residual chlorine disinfection of pipes and Supervision cost during pipeline and reservoir. Discharge of water Consultant and reservoir disinfection with high chlorine concentration PMC. to soil at the end of pipelines to Prior to be controlled to minimize soil Report any commissioning, erosion. complaint received disinfection will be from the undertaken on the Use chlorine test kit and use community to PIU pipeline and 10x15x dilution with distilled and document in reservoir. water or use high range chlorine safeguard test kit with high range tablets to monitoring reports. Discharge of residual detect chlorine residual before chlorine above the flushing. allowable limits is toxic to fish and other aquatic life. Generation of During pipe laying, excavated Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP construction waste - material will be utilized to backfill and reporting by civil works Contractor Generation of the trench. The contractor will Supervision cost excavated soil be required to properly reinstate Consultant and the excavated trench after PMC. Generation of completion of pipe laying. excavated materials Report any during pipe laying Surplus excavated material/cut complaint received and foundation works soil from construction of the from the for WTP tanks and WTPs and reservoirs will be community to PIU reservoirs. used as backfill material for low- and document in lying areas that have been safeguard identified by the village authority. monitoring reports. Generation of Provide appropriate segregation Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP construction wastes – bins or areas for construction and reporting by civil works Contractor Solid, Inert and wastes. Supervision cost Hazardous Wastes Consultant and Secure and control storage of all PMC. Solid wastes, inert hazardous materials including construction wastes, fuels. Report any and hazardous complaint received wastes during Reuse recyclable construction from the construction will wastes such as wood, steel, and community to PIU result to pollution of scaffoldings or sell to junk and document in land and receiving shops. safeguard water bodies. monitoring reports. Solid waste to be collected and disposed in approved disposal site of the Districts. Community health Install barricades/barriers and Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP and safety sturdy plate covers in open and reporting by civil works Contractor excavations during non-working Supervision cost Community may be time. Consultant and exposed to dangers PMC. of open excavation Install warning signs in the area. Report any complaint received from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Occupational health Require the contractor to Contract Included in PIU, PNP and safety implement the construction documents to civil works Contractor health and safety plan in include the EMP cost Construction accordance with the World Bank with health and activities may pose EHS Guidelines safety provisions hazards to workers (http://www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines monitoring through because of the use of ) as a minimum standard. The the Construction heavy equipment, contractor will appoint an Supervisor’s lifting of heavy loads, environment, health and safety reports. and exposure to open (EHS) officer to ensure excavations and implementation of the plan. The Report any chemicals. plan will at minimum include: complaint received from the Potential conflict with  Provision of first-aid community to PIU. local people will facilities readily accessible occur if migrant by workers. workers will be  Provision of personal brought to the site. protective equipment (PPEs) such as hard hats, gloves, rubber boots, etc.,  Wearing of PPEs while working onsite will be a mandatory requirement for workers.  Posting of safety signs/reminders in strategic areas within the construction area.  Installation of sufficient lighting at night.  Employ only trained personnel in handling chlorine during the line disinfection process.  Ensure that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed and trained.  Provide staff with communicable disease and HIV-related awareness training.

The contractor will be required to provide priority hiring of qualified construction workers from the villages and to consult with the local to avoid conflict if migrant workers will be brought to the site. COVID-19 risk Siting of Camps and Field Contract Included in PIU, PNP management Offices documents to civil works Contractor  Not in area liable to include the EMP cost Working Camp Siting flooding, landslide or other with health and and Management natural disaster safety provisions  Not in area affected by monitoring through construction dust, noise, the Construction sewage or other pollution Supervisor’s  Not in a residential area reports.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Minimum housing standards Report any  separate bed for each complaint received worker from the  beds should not be community to PIU. arranged in tiers of more than two;  separate accommodation of the sexes or to accommodate couples  adequate natural light during the daytime and adequate artificial light  adequate ventilation to ensure sufficient movement of air  adequate supply of safe potable water  adequate sanitary facilities  adequate drainage  adequate furniture for each worker to secure his or her belongings, such as a locker.  common dining areas, canteens or mess rooms, located away from the sleeping areas  appropriately situated and furnished laundry facilities  reasonable access to plug sockets for charging telephones and other devices  rest and recreationareas and health facilities, where not available in the community

Minimum accommodation sizes  Sleeping space □ inside dimensions over 198 centimetres by 80 centimetres;  Sleeping room □ headroom of over 203 centimeters allowing full free movement □ Beds minimum 2m apart for COVID-19 risk management

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Fresh cold running water  Clean and hygienic  Septic tank/sewage treatment facility, or pit latrines located at least 200m from surface waters, and in areas of suitable soil profiles and above the groundwater levels

Inspection  2 weekly inspections to inspect for cleanliness, state of repair of building, accommodation and fire equipment.  Record inspection results and retain for review COVID-19 risk Form a joint team to plan and Contract Included in PIU, PNP management organize commencement and/or documents to civil works Contractor return to work include the EMP cost Construction site  Develop or convene a joint with health and working conditions occupational safety and safety provisions health committee with monitoring through members representing the the Construction employer and workers Supervisor’s  Train team members on the reports. basic principles for the formulation and Report any implementation of complaint received occupational safety and from the health preventive and community to PIU. control measures.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Develop and communicate a work plan on safe working for COVID-19  Such plan should be fully aligned with any government regulations and guidelines on COVID-19 prevention and control, or in the absence thereof, with international good practice guidelines as may be updated from time to time

Adopt engineering, organizational and administrative measures  Avoid physical interaction and maintain physical distancing requirements as prescribed by national policy, or in the absence thereof, international good practice  Ventilate enclosed workplaces including work camps and communal spaces  Avoid concentration of workers - limit the capacity of common areas such as work camp dining areas and changing rooms to allow the minimum separation of 2 meters and organize one- way systems. This includes sleeping areas which must be a minimum of 2 meters between  beds  Put in place training and information on COVID-19 and measures required for its management.  The construction site is to be segregated to the extent possible in zones or other methods to keep different crews physically separated at all time

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Stagger break and lunch schedules to minimize the number of people in close proximity to one another

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE risk, and provide it to workers free of charge and in sufficient number, along with instructions, procedures, training and supervision  Non-medical face-coverings (such as homemade cloth masks) should be worn as mitigation for catching and transmitting the virus, but are not to be treated as substitutes for proper handwashing

Health surveillance and insurance  Before entering the site, staff and visitors must confirm that they are not currently exhibiting flu-like symptoms  Monitor the health status of workers, develop protocols for cases of suspected and confirmed COVID-19. The protocol will state that:  workers with symptoms or confirmed cases must be isolated within the construction camp or stay at home for 7 days after symptoms started □ If symptoms persist after 7 days, the person must isolate until the symptoms stop □ People who have been in close contact with the person with confirmed COVID-19 be quarantined for 14 days  All workers in quarantine or isolation must be provided with adequate food, water, medical assistance and sanitation  Identify workers who have had close contact with people infected with COVID-19 and follow national medical guidance  Communicate confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection to the appropriate authorities  All workers should be provided with health

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE insurance that includes COVID-19 treatment

Review emergency preparedness plans  Develop an emergency plan adapted to COVID-19 and regularly review it

Review and update preventive and control measures as the situation evolves

 Periodically monitor prevention and control measures to determine whether they have been adequate to avoid or minimize risk, and identify and implement corrective actions for continuous improvement  Establish and maintain records related to work- related injuries, illnesses and incidents, worker exposures, monitoring of the work environment and workers’ health III. OPERATION PHASE Generation of As project policy, water Monitor the Part of PNP incremental connection will be provided only number of PNP Xaisomboun wastewater and if the household has an households with operations increased burden on approved sanitation facility to latrines and with cost drainage systems cope with the increased water connections, wastewater generated. This population served, To be policy and the public awareness and billed water arranged Increased water raising initiatives was presented volume. public supply to public to the villages during project institution buildings and preparation consultations.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE households will Monitor that the generate additional The public institution shall sign a service and quantities of service and management management wastewater. agreement before construction agreements are and have sufficient funds to followed and maintain the facility. facilities are properly maintained. Deterioration of water Monitor community activities in Monitor the Part of PNP quality the catchment area to check following PNP Xaisomboun activities at the upstream that parameters: operations Potential may cause contamination of raw cost deterioration in water quality. Daily at the inlet to quality of raw water the treatment plant: supply and of treated Provide laboratory test turbidity, pH water equipment and training to allow the PNP to conduct regular Daily after the monitoring of raw and treated reservoir: pH, water quality parameters. turbidity, residual Potential risk on chlorine, public health in Follow O&M standard operating temperature deterioration of procedures in accordance with treated water quality the water treatment plant Weekly at several due to use of poor manuals. locations in the quality treatment network: residual chemicals Use of potable grade chemicals, chlorine, pH, especially PAC, and request a turbidity Supplier product specification data sheet signed off by a Annually after reputable external laboratory. Clearwater tank: chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), sodium (Na), sulfate ion, zinc (Zn), conductivity, total hardness as CaCO3 High Pressure and This risk will be minimized by: (i) Daily visual Part of PNP Leaks on the Pipeline the use of durable standard monitoring of PNP Xaisomboun pipes for the main and pipelines. operations The proposed secondary (rider mains) lines, (ii) cost distribution network use of pressure reducing valves will have sections for the rider mains, (iii) careful located at low construction supervision by the elevations which may Project Management experience high Consultants PMC to ensure that water pressure which pipe laying and jointing is done may potentially result to the highest standard by the in leakages in the line contractor, and (v) regular and ultimately water inspection of the network and loss prompt isolation and repair when leaks occur. Disposal of backwash Periodic discharges from the Check condition of Part of PNP water and sediments sedimentation tanks will be detention ponds; PNP Xaisomboun from WTP collected to a detention pond to report operations separate the concentrated waste frequency/schedul cost Backwash water and sludge or sediments. Land e of backwashing sludge from the application of wastes with high

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE sedimentation tanks dissolved solids concentrations will be generated from the detention pond is from the cleaning of preferred over discharge to a filters and tanks. landfill. Backwash water and sludge contain high total suspended solids. Occupational health Provide secure, dry and well Training Part of PNP and safety ventilated storage facilities for undertaken for staff PNP Xaisomboun chlorine and other hazardous on chemicals operations Potential hazards to chemicals. handling and cost WTP workers due to monitoring and accidental release of Use chlorine compounds in reporting of chlorine powder form. incidents

Training of staff and allocation of responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled. Generation of Sludge The sludge that will be Quarterly check on Part of PNP from Detention Ponds generated from the detention the volume of PNP Xaisomboun ponds will be dredged and sludge in the operations disposed as backfill material in detention ponds. cost Increased volume of low-lying areas to be identified sludge in detention by the village leaders. No land ponds. application of the generated sludge without the required approval by the village authorities. Community health Facilities (Intake, WTP and Daily log of security Part of PNP and safety Laboratory, Office and personnel PNP Xaisomboun Reservoir) properly fenced and operations Potential hazards to secured and watchmen/security cost residents in affected personnel to be employed on a communities. 24-hour basis. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease, EHS = environment, health, and safety, EMP = environmental management plan, ILO = International Labor Organization, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, N/A = not applicable, O&M = operation and maintenance, PAC = polyaluminum chloride, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultants, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), PPE = personal protection equipment, WTP = water treatment plant.

A. Monitoring and Reporting

7. Pre-construction Phase. The EMP/CEMP monitoring during the pre-construction phase of the subproject will be undertaken by the PMC. Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be prepared by the PCU with support of the PMC and submitted to ADB for review and disclosure on the ADB project website.

8. Construction Phase. Throughout the construction period, the contractor will submit monthly environmental compliance progress reports to the PNP, copy furnished to the PIU. The contractor should be able to highlight the summary of the progress of construction, activities undertaken within the reporting period to implement the measures outlined in the EMP/CEMP, record any community complaints received and how the complaint was resolved.

9. The PIU will consolidate the results of the monthly environmental monitoring through a quarterly progress report that will be submitted to the PCU which is based at the Department of Water Supply of the MPWT. The quarterly report will summarize the significant findings and

measures undertaken to address any adverse environmental impacts during construction and also present any unforeseen environmental impacts and suggested remedial actions for the next monitoring period. Copies of the quarterly progress report prepared by the PIU will be given to the members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee and the District Governor. PCU will consolidate information from quarterly progress reports, compile and submit integrated safeguards monitoring report semi-annually to ADB.

10. Once the reports are received by the PCU, these will be reviewed relative to subproject compliance with the indicators defined in the EMP/CEMP. The PCU will submit the quarterly reports to the Department of Water Supply of MPWT and other national agencies (MONRE, MOF, MOPC, etc.), and to ADB. The PCU will also prepare the quarterly Project Progress Reports including the main points of environmental monitoring and the semi-annual environmental safeguards monitoring reports in English to be submitted to ADB.

11. Operational Phase. The EMP monitoring during the operational phase will be undertaken by the PNP. Semi-annual reports will be submitted by the PIU to the PCU. The PCU will review the report and check the project’s adherence to the EMP and then submit the semi-annual environmental safeguards monitoring reports to ADB until the Project Completion Report (PCR) is prepared. The monitoring parameters during the operational phase, as outlined in the EMP, include monitoring of water quality at the inlet of the WTP and of treated water. Table 3 presents the EMP Reporting Plan while Table 4 shows the Matrix for reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results.

Table 3: EMP Reporting Plan TYPE OF REPORT BASIC CONTENT PREPARED BY SUBMITTED TO FREQUENCY PRE-CONSTRUCTION THROUGH OPERATIONAL PHASE PCU, MPWT, IEE report IEE and EMP Report Part of FS report DWS ADB CONSTRUCTION PHASE Progress of construction, including EMP/CEMP Construction PCU and copy monitoring results, Contractor Monthly Progress Report furnished to PIU complaints received, and actions taken Progress of construction, EMP/CEMP PCU, Progress Report implementation, PIU District Governor, Quarterly complaints received, and PPSC actions taken Progress of construction, safeguards (EMP/CEMP MPWT, MONRE, and LACP) PCU, and other national Progress Report Quarterly implementation, DWS agencies complaints received, and ADB actions taken Project progress report including EMP/CEMP Semi-annual implementation and PCU, MPWT, Semi-annual until Environmental compliance with ADB’s DWS ADB PCR Progress Report policies and regulations including GRMs recorded. OPERATIONAL PHASE Subproject progress Semi-annual until Progress Report PNP PCU report including EMP PCR

TYPE OF REPORT BASIC CONTENT PREPARED BY SUBMITTED TO FREQUENCY implementation and monitoring Subproject progress EnvironmentalSafegu report including PCU, MPWT, Semi-annual until ards Monitoring EMPimplementation and DWS ADB PCR Report compliance with ADB’s policies and regulations After physical Project evaluation, completion of the MPWT, PCR lessons learnt and PCU subproject and ADB recommendations before end of contract of PMC ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, EMP = environmental management plan, FS = feasibility study, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IEE = initial environmentalexamination, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, PCR = project completion report, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultant, PPSC = provincial project steering committee.

Table 4. Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results

Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity ______

WATER MONITORING RESULTS

Province: ______No: ______/WS.LNT District: ______Date: ______Water Supply and Transport Division Time: ______Water Supply of State Enterprise POINT HOME HOUSE TURBIDITY CHORINE COLOR NO VILLAGE PH SMELL PASS FAIL NOTATION TEST NO TYPE 5NTU CL2 MG/L 5TCU

______Date: ______Director, Water Supply of State Enterprise Chief of Water Treatment Plant Researcher: ______

B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs

12. The cost for the environmental safeguard activities during construction, i.e. preparation of CEMP, environmental management, review, and monitoring, for the subproject will be primarily included in the civil works cost. The cost of environmental management and monitoring activities during the operational phase will be borne by the PNP, as part of operation and maintenance activities.

C. Public Consultations

13. Meaningful public consultation have been carried out during the project preparation stage, feasibility study stage (25 February to 01 March 2020) and detailed design stage informing the stakeholders and potentially affected people on the safeguards principles, potential negative impacts, subproject’s implementation schedule, and GRM. PIU and contractor will inform local authorities and public before construction activities of each component and pipeline section will be commenced.

D. Capacity Building

14. The branch office of PNP Longxan District lacks the capacity for environmental management and monitoring and water quality testing. The subproject will include equipment for a small water testing laboratory at the proposed WTP site. Regular water quality tests on the raw and treated water will help determine appropriate dosing of chemicals to be applied at the WTP as well as ensure potable water quality at the distribution lines. The PNP will receive training on the operation, calibration, and maintenance of the laboratory equipment. At the minimum, the laboratory will include portable equipment for testing of turbidity, temperature, residual chlorine, pH, and coli form. The PNP staff will also be trained on the proper and correct sampling and preservation methods for water samples that will be brought to external laboratories for analysis.

IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

15. Article 13 of Decree 192/PM requires the subproject to establish an effective mechanism for grievance resolution. GoL legal requirements for this mechanism are further described in Part VI of the Decree’s implementing regulations, and in detail in the Technical Guidelines. The loan covenants stipulate the GRM requirements of the ADB for the project. The mechanism to address any grievances on environmental safeguards issues is the same as that designed to address grievances related to land acquisition and compensation. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is to resolve complaints as quickly as possible at the local level through a process of conciliation, and if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. All affected persons will be made fully aware of their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign. An aggrieved affected person (AP) or affected household (AH) will be free from any fees in connection with the lodging and resolution of complaints, as the costs will be borne by the Executing Agency and the appointed contractors.

A. Type of Grievances

16. Complainants are entitled to lodge complaints regarding any aspect of the project. Any affected person will be able to submit a grievance if they believe a practice is having a detrimental

impact on the community, the environment, or on their quality of life. Eligible grievances or complaints include:

• Negative impacts on a person or a community (e.g. financial loss such as from loss of water, loss of roadside trees, health and safety issues, nuisances, etc.). • Dangers to health and safety or pollution of the environment. • Hazards due to construction activities (e.g. noise, dust, disruption of access, etc.) • Impacts on social infrastructure. • Failure to comply with standards or legal obligations. • Improper conduct or unethical behaviour of contractor leading to nuisance of affected person(s). • Misuse of funds and other irregularities. • Grievances due to land acquisition, resettlement, compensation, relocation and unaddressed losses. • Complaints related to gender issues.

B. Grievance Resolution Process

17. Complaints can be made verbally or in written form. It is recognized that in many cases, complainants do not have the writing skills or ability to express their grievances verbally, however, complainants are encouraged to seek assistance from family members or village heads, to have their grievances recorded in writing and to ensure that where disputes do occur and all the details have been recorded accurately enabling all parties to be treated fairly. In the case of verbal complaints, a written record of the complaint will be made during the first meeting with the complainant. Complainants who present their complaints within the prescribed procedures will be exempt from all administrative fees incurred. In addition, complainants who lodge complaints and appeals to district courts will be provided with free legal representation.

1. Arbitration Committees

18. The subproject’s GRM will rely on the existing village arbitration units that have already been established in the villages. The Village Development Committee (VDC) generally consists of the village chief, deputy chief, village secretary, and village representative of the Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, village elders, youth, and village land taxation unit. The VDC is responsible for settling disputes between villagers through conciliation and negotiation. In the absence of these units, the members of the village committee (if formed) or the village leaders will act as grievance officers. Moreover, the details of the PIU, GRM Focal Contact Persons and Construction Manager will be prominently displayed in the respective construction areas for the reference of the affected communities/persons. Complaints and grievances can be directly filed, both written and verbal, to the concerned entities. This will provide alternative entry points to the village complaint system.

19. The affected households (AHs) may present their complaints to the concerned local administrative officials and resettlement committees. The complaint can be filed first at the village level and can be elevated to the highest or provincial level if the affected persons (APs) are not satisfied with the decisions made by the VDC at village level. At the district and provincial levels, the district and provincial steering committees of the project will act on grievances or complaints that have not been resolved at the VDC. The District Project Steering Committee (DPSC) are composed of the Vice District Governor, Director of the DPWT, and representatives of the District Natural Resources and Environment Office, health office, police office, education office, Lao

Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, and youth office. A representative of the PIU of the subproject is a member of the district project steering committee. The Provincial Project Steering Committee (PPSC) is headed by the Vice Provincial Governor and is composed of representatives of provincial departments such as the DPWT, DONRE, health department, police department, and education department, Lao Women’s Union, Lao Front for National Construction, and provincial youth department. The representatives of the PIU and the PNP Xaisomboun are members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee.

2. Grievance Redress Procedures

20. All complaints and resolutions will be properly documented by the concerned committee and be available for public review and for monitoring purposes. As a general policy, the PNP and PIU will work proactively toward preventing grievances through the implementation of impact mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. Nonetheless, during construction and operation it is possible that unanticipated impacts may occur if the mitigation measures are not properly implemented, or unforeseen issues occur. The procedures for the grievance resolution process for the subproject are detailed in Table 5.

Table 5: Grievance Redress Procedures NO. STAGES • Stage 1 (Village – Subproject Area). In the first instance, complainants will raise complaints or grievances to the village arbitration unit or other designated village grievance officers. The unit will organize a meeting with the complainants to resolve the issue using its traditional methods of conciliation and negotiation. The meeting will be held in a public 1 place and will be open to other members of the community to ensure transparency. The meeting aims at clarifications and amicable solution with the complainant. This mediation aims at a village internal immediate solution agreed with the subproject. If the complaint cannot be solved at this stage, the next step will apply. • Stage 2 (District Implementing Level). If within 5 days of lodging the complaint and no understanding or amicable solution can be reached or no response is received from the 2 arbitration unit, the complainant can bring the complaint to the DRC or other district level arbitration unit. The arbitration unit will meet with the complainant to discuss the complaint and provide a decision within 10 days of receiving the appeal. • Stage 3 (Provincial Implementing Level). If the complainant is not satisfied with the decision of the DRC/arbitration unit or in the absence of any response, the complainant can appeal to the PRC with contribution of authorities and village representative/s. The PRC 3 will meet the complainant to clarify the complaint and will inform the complainant about its decision aiming to solve the complaint. The PPSC will provide a decision on the complaint within 10 days. • Stage 4 (Ministerial Project Executive Level). If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the PRC, or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the 4 complainant can submit his/her grievance to DWS. The DWS acting on behalf of the MPWT will render within 10 days of receiving the appeal. • Stage 5 (Country Level). As a last resort, the complainant may submit his/her case to the Court of Law. The complaint will be lodged with the Court of Law. The Court will take note 5 and register the case and will provide the final juristic decision. The DWS will be responsible for forwarding the complaint and ensuring its process in the courts. AP = affected person, DRC = district resettlement committee, DWS = Department of Water Supply, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, PPSC = provincial project steering committee, PRC = provincial resettlement committee.

21. Normally complaints related to construction and environmental issues are resolved at the village level wherein the conciliation and negotiation are promptly attended to by the PIU and contractors. Complaints related to resettlement and land disputes are normally elevated to the district and provincial levels, and at times to the Court. At each stage of the grievance redress process, written records will be maintained. The IAs have the responsibility to ensure that the filing of complaints are prepared and forwarded to the DRC documenting the following: (i) complaints received; (ii) names and other pertinent information about complainants; (iii) dates of the original complaint, meetings and any other actions; and (iv) outcomes and/or resolution. The DRC, PRC, and DWS (or PCU acting for DWSP) will each maintain similar records for appeals that are submitted to them. The records of grievances will be included in semi-annual environmental monitoring reporting on the subproject.

Table 6: Individuals at Stage 1 (Subproject Village Level) NO VILLAGE NAME CONTACT PERSON CONTACT NO. 1 2 3 4 Note: contact details to be provided prior to invitation for bids.

22. If efforts to resolve complaints or disputes remain unresolved and unsatisfactory following the GoL GRM, the affected persons/households have the right to send their concerns or problems directly to ADB’s Operations Department, i.e., Urban and Water Division, Southeast Asia Department (SERD) or through ADB Lao PDR Resident Mission. If the AP is still not satisfied with the responses of SERD, he/she can directly contact the ADB's Office of the Special Project Facilitator (OSPF) as outlined in the "Information Guide to the Consultation Phase of the ADB Accountability Mechanism". The Information Guide can be downloaded through this link: https://www.adb.org/documents/information-guide-consultation-phase-adb-accountability- mechanism. Those who want to make a complaint with the ADB can refer to the sample letter of complaint adapted from the Information Guide as shown in Figure 1.

23. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (a) number of cases registered with the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC), level of jurisdiction (first, second, and third tiers), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (b) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as name, ID with unique serial number, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e. open, closed, pending).

Figure 1: Sample Complaint Letter

Appendix A: Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

185

Appendix L: Environmental Management Plan (Hom Subproject)

Environmental Management Plan

September 2020

LAO: Water Supply Sector Project

Subproject: Hom District, Xaisomboun Province

DRAFT

Prepared by the Department of Water Supply, Ministry of Public Works and Transport for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 26 September 2020)

Currency unit – Kip (KN) KN1.00 = $ 0.00011 $1.00 = KN 9,224

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CEMP - contractor’s environmental management plan DONRE - Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOH Department of Health EARF - environmental assessment and review framework ECA environmental compliance audit EHS - environmental health and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan EPL - Environmental Protection Law GRM - grievance redress mechanism IEE - initial environmental examination LACP - land acquisition and compensation plan MOH Ministry of Health MPH - Ministry of Public Health MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MPWT - Ministry of Public Works and Transport MSDS - materials safety data sheets NAPA - National Adaptation Program of Action NRW - nonrevenue water PCR - project completion report PCU - project coordination unit PIU - project implementation unit PMC - project management consultants PNP - provincial nam papa (provincial water utility) SEMR semi-annual environmental monitoring report SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement, 2009 UXO - unexploded ordnance VDC - village development committee VEI - village environmental improvement WSSP - Water Supply Sector Project WTP - water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

⁰C - degree centigrade dBA - decibel ha - hectare km - kilometer l/s - liters per second m - meter masl - meters above sea level mm - millimeter mg/l - milligram per liter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

CONTENTS

APPENDIX

Appendix A Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

List of Tables

Table 1: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management 2 Table 2: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 4 Table 3: EMP Reporting Plan 18 Table 4: Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results 20 Table 5. Grievance Redress Procedures 23

List of Figures

Figure 1: Sample Complaint Letter 25

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Description of the Project

B. Description of the Subproject

2. The Hom subproject is the development of new water supply infrastructure in order to ensure sufficient and efficient water supply in the Hom urban area. The proposed water supply development plan will provide treated water from the Nam Khien River to household connections in 3 villages (2019 population of 6,569). From the base 2019 population, and a projected average population growth of 3.5% to 2032 and 3% thereafter, a 1,800m3/d total required treatment capacity is estimated for the design year 2038.

3. The development works will entail the construction of a new 1,800m3/d WTP with conventional treatment processes. The proposed distribution network will operate in one distribution system from 1 clear water reservoir of 600m3 at the WTP site. The distribution network will include approximately 9.6km of new main distribution pipeline and 40km of rider mains. With the free connection program, approximately 1,100 new domestic service connections are projected for the commissioning year in 2023.

II. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION

Table 1: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management AGENCY ROLE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION • Overall central level supervision and guidance related to natural resources and environment in MONRE/ the Lao PDR. The agency is in-charge of ✓ ✓ DONRE reviewing the IEE, issuing ECC and monitoring environmental compliance. • Overall supervision of subproject environmental screening and classification, IEE/EMP preparation and implementation. • Review of IEE/EMP, submission to ADB and coordination of approvals • Uploading of the IEE/EMP on MPWT website • Ensuring EMP is included in bid and contract documentation • Review and clearance of the contractor EMP (CEMP) ✓ (prior to PCU • ✓ Monitor the project’s adherence to the EMP and PCR) ensure corrective actions are implemented. • Review the quarterly environmental monitoring reports prepared by the PIU during the construction phase and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB. • Review the semi-annual progress report prepared by the PNP during the operational phase and submit the report to ADB. • Prepare environment section of PCR • Principal responsibility for EMP and safeguards GRM implementation • Preparation of IEE and contract documentation after subproject screening having been cleared • Submission of IEE to PPSC and DONRE for reference during monitoring • Facilitate public and stakeholder consultation during IEE/EMP preparation. Conduct consultations with local residents in respect of specific sites where the proposed works will include excavation, determine the need for any further investigation and/or clearance services and submit to the PCU • Review and approve CEMP that establishes the PIU contractor’s management and compliance ✓ ✓ requirements with the construction section of the EMP. Ensure the CEMP contains an updated health and safety plan to account for COVID-19 measures as per the national requirements at that time. • Monitor compliance of the contractor with the EMP and CEMP. • Monitor GRM and effective resolution of complaints. • Consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports prepared by contractor through a quarterly progress report to be submitted to the PCU. • Provide members of the PPSC and the District Governor with copies of the quarterly progress report

III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

6. This EMP is based on the type, extent and duration of the environmental impacts identified at the design stage. Where national requirements are not in place/do not exist, as per ADB SPS 2009, this EMP/CEMP requires that international industry best practice will be applied. In the event that unexpected impacts occur during implementation, the EMP will be amended to take into account of unexpected impacts and mitigation measures will be amended as necessary.

Loss of community Design access roads to assets due to land minimum necessary width and acquisition and installation of pipelines within the damage to Right-of-Way when feasible. properties. Impact of location of The abstraction rate for the River level c/o PNP PIU, PNP raw water intake on water supply subprojects will be assessments at the operations Xaisomboun other water users limited to the 1,800 m3/day intake on a monthly cost capacity of the WTP for the Hom basis Downstream river District subproject. There is uses such as minimal conflict with other water irrigation, bathing, users of Nam Khien River washing, and fishing because there is still enough will be affected if water in the river that will meet excessive water the other river uses at the abstraction will occur. downstream. Impact to Natural Pre-construction inventory to be N/A N/A N/A resources and carried out prior construction. protected areas Cutting of trees will be Impact on natural undertaken as per approved resources and design and only upon approval. protected areas from Avoid cutting of trees as much cutting/clearing of as possible and minimize trees and other damage to native vegetation. vegetation. Trees that need to be cut in private land will be compensated in cash in accordance with the approved LACP. Impact on Historical The Contractor will ensure that Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU, PNP and Archaeological the workforce are briefed that in operations Xaisomboun Sites the event of accidental finds cost relics they should immediately Damage to relics and cease any works in the area and artifacts during the promptly report the find to their conduct of the works. supervisor. Impact on Unexploded ordinance survey to Accidental finds c/o PNP PIU occupational health be carried out prior any works operations and safety permitted to commence. cost Contractor prepares Contractor prepares CEMP that CEMP prepared c/o PNP PIU, PNP site specific establishes the contractor’s and approved operations Xaisomboun environmental management and compliance cost management plan requirements with the (CEMP) construction section EMP.

Maintains Updated health and safety plan environmental to be included for COVID-19 integrity of the measures as applicable per subproject national requirements at the time.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Impose speed limits on safeguard construction vehicles. monitoring reports.

Install noise suppression devices to noise generating equipment.

Require drivers to minimize blowing of horn and to comply with speed limits.

Provide information to community on schedule of construction activities through billboard/signs. Impact of borrow The contractor will be prohibited Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP materials from quarrying materials directly and reporting by civil works Contractor from and Nam Khien River. Supervision cost Quarrying of Consultant and aggregates on Nam Construction materials will be PMC. Khien River will procured from Government- cause siltation and permitted sources / suppliers Report any affect the ecological only. complaint received condition of the river. from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports. Impact on ecological The contractors will prohibit Periodic monitoring Included in PIU, PNP resources activities such as cutting wood and reporting by civil works Contractor for cooking, hunting, or wildlife Supervision cost Construction workers trade. Consultant and may undertake PMC. hunting of wildlife and cutting of wood Report any upstream of the complaint received intake. from the community to PIU and document in safeguard monitoring reports.

Manual labor will be utilized in sloping terrain where use of heavy equipment would cause unnecessary damage. Steep exposed slopes will be graded and covered with bush and grass to minimize erosion.

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE Minimum housing standards Report any  separate bed for each complaint received worker from the  beds should not be community to PIU. arranged in tiers of more than two;  separate accommodation of the sexes or to accommodate couples  adequate natural light during the daytime and adequate artificial light  adequate ventilation to ensure sufficient movement of air  adequate supply of safe potable water  adequate sanitary facilities  adequate drainage  adequate furniture for each worker to secure his or her belongings, such as a locker.  common dining areas, canteens or mess rooms, located away from the sleeping areas  appropriately situated and furnished laundry facilities  reasonable access to plug sockets for charging telephones and other devices  rest and recreation areas and health facilities, where not available in the community

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE  Stagger break and lunch schedules to minimize the number of people in close proximity to one another

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE workers free of charge and in sufficient number, along with instructions, procedures, training and supervision  Non-medical face-coverings (such as homemade cloth masks) should be worn as mitigation for catching and transmitting the virus, but are not to be treated as substitutes for proper handwashing

Health surveillance and insurance  Before entering the site, staff and visitors must confirm that they are not currently exhibiting flu-like symptoms  Monitor the health status of workers, develop protocols for cases of suspected and confirmed COVID-19. The protocol will state that:  workers with symptoms or confirmed cases must be isolated within the construction camp or stay at home for 7 days after symptoms started □ If symptoms persist after 7 days, the person must isolate until the symptoms stop □ People who have been in close contact with the person with confirmed COVID-19 be quarantined for 14 days  All workers in quarantine or isolation must be provided with adequate food, water, medical assistance and sanitation  Identify workers who have had close contact with people infected with COVID-19 and follow national medical guidance  Communicate confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection to the appropriate authorities  All workers should be provided with health

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE insurance that includes COVID-19 treatment

Review emergency preparedness plans  Develop an emergency plan adapted to COVID-19 and regularly review it

Review and update preventive and control measures as the situation evolves

ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET RESPONSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING IMPACT OFFICE generate additional The public institution shall sign a Monitor that the quantities of service and management service and wastewater. agreement before construction management and have sufficient funds to agreements are maintain the facility. followed and facilities are properly maintained. Deterioration of water Monitor community activities in Monitor the Part of PNP quality the catchment area to check following PNP Xaisomboun activities at the upstream that parameters: operations Potential may cause contamination of raw cost deterioration in water quality. Daily at the inlet to quality of raw water the treatment plant: supply and of treated Provide laboratory test turbidity, pH water equipment and training to allow the PNP to conduct regular Daily after the monitoring of raw and treated reservoir: pH, water quality parameters. turbidity, residual Potential risk on chlorine, public health in Follow O&M standard operating temperature deterioration of procedures in accordance with treated water quality the water treatment plant Weekly at several due to use of poor manuals. locations in the quality treatment network: residual chemicals Use of potable grade chemicals, chlorine, pH, especially PAC, and request a turbidity Supplier product specification data sheet signed off by a Annually after reputable external laboratory. Clearwater tank: chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), sodium (Na), sulfate ion, zinc (Zn), conductivity, total hardness as CaCO3 High Pressure and This risk will be minimized by: (i) Daily visual Part of PNP Leaks on the Pipeline the use of durable standard monitoring of PNP Xaisomboun pipes for the main and pipelines. operations The proposed secondary (rider mains) lines, (ii) cost distribution network use of pressure reducing valves will have sections for the rider mains, (iii) careful located at low construction supervision by the elevations which may Project Management experience high Consultants PMC to ensure that water pressure which pipe laying and jointing is done may potentially result to the highest standard by the in leakages in the line contractor, and (v) regular and ultimately water inspection of the network and loss prompt isolation and repair when leaks occur. Disposal of backwash Periodic discharges from the Check condition of Part of PNP water and sediments sedimentation tanks will be detention ponds; PNP Xaisomboun from WTP collected to a detention pond to report operations separate the concentrated waste frequency/schedul cost Backwash water and sludge or sediments. Land e of backwashing sludge from the application of wastes with high

Training of staff and allocation of responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled. Generation of Sludge The sludge that will be Quarterly check on Part of PNP from Detention Ponds generated from the detention the volume of PNP Xaisomboun ponds will be dredged and sludge in the operations disposed as backfill material in detention ponds. cost Increased volume of low-lying areas to be identified sludge in detention by the village leaders. No land ponds. application of the generated sludge without the required approval by the village authorities. Community health Facilities (Intake, WTP and Daily log of security Part of PNP and safety Laboratory, Office and personnel PNP Xaisomboun Reservoir) properly fenced and operations Potential hazards to secured and watchmen/security cost residents in affected personnel to be employed on a communities. 24hour basis. ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease, EHS = environment, health, and safety, EMP = environmental management plan, ILO = International Labor Organization, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, N/A = not applicable, O&M = operation and maintenance, PAC = polyaluminum chloride, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultants, PNP = provincial nam papa (provincial water utility), PPE = personal protection equipment, WTP = water treatment plant.

A. Monitoring and Reporting

7. Pre-construction Phase. The EMP/CENO monitoring during the pre-construction phase of the subproject will be undertaken by the PMC. Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be prepared by the PCU with support of the PMC and submitted to ADB for review and disclosure on the ADB project website.

measures undertaken to address any adverse environmental impacts during construction and also present any unforeseen environmental impacts and suggested remedial actions for the next monitoring period. Copies of the quarterly progress report prepared by the PIU will be given to the members of the Provincial Project Steering Committee and the District Governor. PCU will consolidate information from quarterly progress reports, compile and submit the environmental safeguards monitoring report semi-annually to ADB.

TYPE OF REPORT BASIC CONTENT PREPARED BY SUBMITTED TO FREQUENCY implementation and monitoring Subproject progress EnvironmentalSafegu report including EMP PCU, MPWT, Semi-annual until ards Monitoring implementation and DWS ADB PCR Report compliance with ADB’s policies and regulations After physical Project evaluation, completion of the MPWT, PCR lessons learnt and PCU subproject and ADB recommendations before end of contract of PMC ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMP = contractor environmental management plan, EMP = environmental management plan, FS = feasibility study, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IEE = initial environmental examination, LACP = land acquisition and compensation plan, MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport, PCR = project completion report, PCU = project coordination unit, PIU = project implementation unit, PMC = project management consultant, PPSC = provincial project steering committee.

Table 4: Matrix for Reporting of the Water Quality Monitoring Results

Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity ______

WATER MONITORING RESULTS

______Date: ______Director, Water Supply of State Enterprise Chief of Water Treatment Plant Researcher: ______

B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Costs

C. Public Consultations

13. Meaningful public consultation have been carried out during the project preparation stage, feasibility study stage (25 February to 01March 2020) and detailed design stage informing the stakeholders and potentially affected people on the safeguards principles, potential negative impacts, subproject’s implementation schedule, and GRM. PIU and contractor will inform local authorities and public before construction activities of each component and pipeline section will be commenced.

D. Capacity Building

14. The branch office of PNP Hom District lacks the capacity for environmental management and monitoring and water quality testing. The subproject will include equipment for a small water testing laboratory at the proposed WTP site. Regular water quality tests on the raw and treated water will help determine appropriate dosing of chemicals to be applied at the WTP as well as ensure potable water quality at the distribution lines. The PNP will receive training on the operation, calibration, and maintenance of the laboratory equipment. At the minimum, the laboratory will include portable equipment for testing of turbidity, temperature, residual chlorine, pH, and coli form. The PNP staff will also be trained on the proper and correct sampling and preservation methods for water samples that will be brought to external laboratories for analysis.

IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Type of Grievances

16. Complainants are entitled to lodge complaints regarding any aspect of the project. Any affected person will be able to submit a grievance if they believe a practice is having a detrimental

impact on the community, the environment, or on their quality of life. Eligible grievances or complaints include:

B. Grievance Resolution Process

1. Arbitration Committees

2. Grievance Redress Procedures

Table 6: Individuals at Stage 1 (Subproject Village Level) NO VILLAGE NAME CONTACT PERSON CONTACT NO. 1 2 3 4 Note: contact details to be provided prior to invitation for bids.

Figure 1: Sample Complaint Letter

Appendix A: Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template