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4. Crops: Research, Extension and Related Activities

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4. Crops: Research, Extension and Related Activities 4. Crops: Research, Extension and Related Activities Project No. AC-1 1. Title of Project/Program Rice Seed Multiplication Improvement Project 2. Location Nationwide 3. Objectives To increase the unit yield of rice production through increase of certified rice seed production and expansion of use of improved rice seeds at farmer level. 4. Project/Program Description At present, the annual production of improved rice seeds through public seed multiplication system is summarized as follows: Name of Center Location Annual Production of Improved Rice Seeds (ton) 1. Napok Seed Multiplication Center Vientiane Municipality 110 2. Thasano Rice Research and Seed Savannakhet Province 110 Multiplication Center 3. Phone Ngam Rice Research and Seed Champasak Province 90 Multiplication Center 4. Pakchaeng Research Station Vientiane Province 40 5. KM 6 Vientiane Municipality 50 6. Agriculture Extension Agency (AEA) Vientiane Municipality 40 7. Saravan Saravan Province 50 Total 490 Source: Napok Seed Multiplication Center According to available data of MAF, 60-70% of rice farms use improved variety seeds in the wet season, while 100 % of rice farms use improved variety seeds in the dry season. Research conducted by Lao-IRRI indicates that there is a 10-15% increase in yield with use of improved seed alone. The above table shows that the annual supply of improved seed varieties is about 490 tons through public seed multiplication system. This amount will only cultivate about 7,000 ha with a sowing rate of 70 kg/ha equivalent. If it is necessary to renew the seed stock every five years, a continuous annual supply of 490 tons can only cover 35,000 ha, or about 6% of the lowland paddy area including both wet and dry season cultivated area. It is therefore judged that most farmers use the improved seed for a long period without renewal, though Lao-IRRI project recommends renewal of seeds every three years. In addition, the following constraints are observed in the present seed multiplication system. (1) Due to lack of extension system, farmers cannot understand the production effect of improved seeds. In this situation, farmers are reluctant to pay a high price for improved seeds. In addition, farmers who live in remote areas pay AC-1 higher transportation cost of seeds. (2) The present production of seed multiplication centers is much lower than designed capacity due to shortage of operation budget, risk of oversupply against farmers demand, incomplete seed processing facilities, and low technical level of staff. Risk of oversupply appears to be the largest problem in the seed multiplication system. (3) It is pointed out that the quality of rice seeds is not so high and its germination rate is around 85% due to insufficient quality control and incomplete processing facilities. This low quality may be one of the reasons that farmers show little interest in use of improved seeds. (4) All the seed multiplication centers are located in the central or southern region. There is no public seed multiplication system in northern region. To settle this problem, rice research center/station located in Xaignabouri and Oudomxai provinces produce rice seeds using foundation seeds produced by Napok Seed Multiplication Center. However, the provincial centers have no seed processing facilities. In addition, preliminary projection on paddy/rice food balance is made for the year 2010 and 2020 based on official data from the relevant agencies and assumptions. The projection is shown below. Table Paddy Balance Projection Unit : 000 ton paddy Year 2000 Year 2010 Year 2020 Production 2,202 2,793 3,032 Consumption (*1) 1,846 2,345 2,894 Balance 356 448 138 (*1): including seed, processing loss and other use requirements Above table shows further yield improvement is required form the viewpoints of food security. The improved rice seed can contribute the yield improvement with relatively low cost. The proposed project will address all the above constraints through confirmation of farmers needs, rehabilitation of existing facilities, technical upgrading, restructure of seed distribution system in cooperation with extension system. In addition, the contract farmers system for production of registered seeds should be expanded, since intervention of public sector and public investment should be minimized. The project will cover in the whole country, thus step-wised development is required. Proposed phase of the project will be as follows: Phase I: Technical assistance on future seed multiplication plan and rehabilitation plan, rehabilitation of Napok Seed Multiplication Center and Thasano Rice Research and Seed Multiplication Center as well as technical cooperation in those centers including implementation of AC-2 training program. Phase II: Rehabilitation of other Seed Multiplication Centers and upgrading of rice research stations as well as implementation of technical training program. Phase III: Construction of new seed multiplication centers, if required. 5. Project Components (1) Technical assistance on future seed multiplication plan, rehabilitation and upgrading plan, design, cost estimation as well as preparation of tender document. (2) Rehabilitation of existing seed multiplication facilities, upgrading of research stations for seed multiplication. (3) Technical assistance for staff training including on the job training and overseas training as well as training to contract farmers in the seed multiplication center and farmers field. (4) Technical assistance for setting up of registered/certified seed multiplication made by growers. (5) Construction of new seed multiplication center, if required. 6. Project Costs Phase I: US$ 5,613 thousand Cost Item 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Capital Cost 1,000 3,285 285 285 285 5,140 Recurrent Cost 40 176 86 86 86 473 Total 1,040 3,461 371 371 371 5,613 Phase II: US$ 8,817 thousand Cost Item 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Capital Cost 1,380 6,480 480 8,340 Recurrent Cost 124 267 87 477 Total 1,504 6,747 567 8,817 Phase III: US$ 7,941 thousand Cost Item 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Capital Cost 1,230 5,930 330 7,490 Recurrent Cost 119 250 82 451 Total 1,349 6,180 412 7,941 Total for Rice Seed Multiplication Project: US$ 22,371 thousand 7. Implementing Agency The Department of Agriculture (DOA), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 8. Organizational and Staffing Requirements This program will be implemented under the existing seed multiplication centers and additional staff will not be required. AC-3 Key Counterpart 1. Phase I 10 2. Phase II 25 3. Phase III 25 Total 60 9. Implementation Schedule The project will be implemented as follows: (1) Phase I: 5 Years First Year Planning & Design Second Year Rehabilitation & Technical Assistance Third to Fifth Year Technical Assistance & Training (2) Phase II: 3 Years First Year Planning & Design, Technical Assistance & Training Second Year Rehabilitation & Technical Assistance & Training Third Year Technical Assistance & Training (3) Phase III: 3 Years First Year Planning & Design, Technical Assistance & Training Second Year Rehabilitation & Technical Assistance & Training Third Year Technical Assistance & Training 10. Lessons Learnt and How Incorporated into Proposed Project It is observed that the existing seed multiplication center can not maintain existing processing facilities properly due to a lack of operation & maintenance (O&M) budget. Therefore, a revolving fund will be established using income from selling improved rice seeds and the entire O&M costs and staff allowances should be met from this fund. 11. Expected Benefit (1) Qualified improved seed of rice will be applied in almost 100% of both rainfed and irrigated paddy field (2) Rice productivity will be enhanced through using qualified improved seed. 12. Assessment of Possible Problems and Bottlenecks in Implementation (1) Shortage of government counter budget for operation and maintenance cost of seed multiplication centers. (2) Trained staff leaving the seed multiplication center for new assignments or new jobs. (3) Extension system does not function well to provide farmers with information on effect of improved rice seeds. (4) The road system to remote area is not established to distribute improved rice AC-4 seeds. 13. Assessment of Natural and Social Environment (1) Natural environment: Small negative impacts are expected in the rehabilitation or new construction of seed multiplication facilities. (2) Social environment: No impacts are expected. 14. Special Arrangements In the initial stage for the project, subsidy to seeds might be required for expansion of improved seed use of farmers. AC-5 Project No. AC-3 1. Title of Project/Program Integrated Upland Agricultural Research Project (IUARP) This is an ongoing project. Continuation of the project is proposed, in the light of its importance. 2. Location Northern Region Agriculture and Forestry Research Center (NRAFRC) and selected village cluster in Louangphrabang province 3. Objectives (1) To develop, test and refine the methodology for integrated upland agricultural research, (2) To develop sustainable livelihood systems as alternatives to slash and burn, (3) To upgrade current staff capacity in integrated upland agricultural research within NAFRI, PAFO and DAFO, (4) To enhance community development, decision making and leadership capacity within the target communities. 4. Project/Program Description Research activities are generally sluggish in Lao PDR, except for Lao-IRRI Rice Research and Training Project (LIRRTP) which has been
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