DOCSLIB.ORG

Tanzania: Part 1; Main Volume: Land Evaluation and Land Suitability Classification: Unguja and Pemba Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TCP/URT/6759/8961 Field Document 1 TE -INIC pERATION PROGRAMME EVALUATI 7 LAND RESOURCES IN ZANZIBAR PHASE 1& 11 1 :HITJ VOLUME LAND EVAL IION AND LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION UNGUJA & PEMBA ISLANDS )D AND AGRICULTUY' ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Zanzibar, May 1990 TCP/URT/6759/8961 Field Document 1 Part 1 Main Volume r TECHNICAL CO1111*IN''TION PROGRAMME LTAIUATION OF LALT RESOURCES IN ZANZIBAR PHASE 1 & 11 TANZANIA Part 1s Main VoNine LAND EVALUATION AND LAND SUITABILITY CIASSIFTCATION UNGUJA & PEMBA ISLANDS by Piyasiri M. L. Hettige Land Evaluation Specialist FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGAITIZATION OF T_LI,TrouziL:D NATIONS Zanzibar,May1990 This Technical Cooperation Programme Evaluation of Land Resources in Zanzibar consisting of phase 1 Unguja island and phase 11 Pemba island was prepared and executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization with the Government of Zanzibar as the technical cooperating agency. It was intlated in December1988with duty station located in Zanzibar city, Unguja island. The duty station was moved to Wete in Pemba island in January 1990to carry out work in Pemba. The field document is one of a series of reports prepared during the course of the project identified on the titlepst-0Ths conclusions and recommendations given are those considered appropriate at the time of its preparation, and they may be modifi in the light of fUrther knowledge gained at sUbsequent stages of the followup project. The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. iii FAO Evaluation c land. Resources in Zanzibar Phase 9.nd Evaluatian andL.:1 tabil' Clas ara Pemba Islanf:1,-;,, based on the work of Piyasiri M.L.Hettige Zanzibar May1950,0 144 Pages, 27 Tables, 6 Figures, 9maps. TCP/URT/6759/8961,Field Document 1 .ABSTRACT The government of Zanzibar with the Technical assistance of the Food andiicultu.ra1 Organization began the evaluation of the land resources in December19880In the first phaseTOP/MT/6759which lasted from December1988to November 19892the evaluation of 1 resources in Unguja island was carried out during the second phaseTCP/MT/89611from December1989 May1990,the evaluation of land resources in Pemba island was carried out0 Part 1: Main volume of this publication deals with the primary objective of the study: Land evaluation land suitability classifioation of the two islands,. In the fir chapter, information on project background, objectives of study and Tlevel of intensity of land evaluation is outlined. In chapter 2, detail deFTiptian of the physical environment, climatic factors effectin:; arop growth, geology,hydrology, vegetation present land use are incorporated0 The human eavironment, the majar contributing- factor to landutilization isdealt with in detail in chapter 3 which cavers the economic situatian, Agricultural and land policies, land tenure systems prevalent, etc0 The need for conservation bac-ed, planned land utilization is stressei iv In chapter4soil resources of the two islands are described and the correlation of soils with the FAO system discussed. The inventory of land resources, the methodology used in the development of physiographic legend far the land evaluation exercise and the deScription'of the land pp units, are outlined in Chapter5. In chapter6the existing land utilization typos are presented in tabulated format and goes to outline unorthodox system of agriaultural usage of the same peice of land by two farmers under the Shamba and Konde farming systems, and how it effects the subsequent land suitability classification for majar crops grown in mixed tree intarcrop farming systems", The land suitability classification system and the approach used to adapt the system to the unique d utilization systems prevelant in Zanzibar is presented in chapter7 Part 11 of the Field Document consists of two Avie::esc, Annex1 outlines proposals for follow-,up projectt.is presented in the UNDF Project document format. Annex 11 incooporates all Technical'Data Specificatic Soil Profile descriptions, available laboratory analysis resuns, climatic analysis, land requirements of major crops, and specimens of data collecting formats usedetc. TABIEOFCONFENTS Page o iNT ODUCTION 1 Justificatidn 1.2 Objective of the Study 4 1.3 Level of intensity of landevaluationcarried out 4 1.40 Previous soilstudies 5 1.401 Soil Studies of Dr.V.S. Subramaian 6 1.4.2 Detailed Soil Survey of the Cheju plain 6 1.4.3 Detailed Soil Survey for irrigated rice 6 1.4.4 National Coconut DevelopmentProjectsurveys 7 1.5 Project St 7 2. PHYSICAL01 ORNMENT 2.1 General information on Unguja and Pemba 8 2.2 Climate 18 2.2.1 Rainfall 18 2.2.2 Temperature 20 2.2.3 W speed direction 20 2.2.4 Solar radiation 20 2.2.5 Evapotr: iration 20 202.6 Majar climatic factors _detcy. crop adaptability 20 2.2.7 Dependable owing periods 25 2.3 Geolo HydrologY 25 2.3.1 ol AY 25 2,392 Hydrolomr and drainage systems 25 2.3.3 DrailJD 31 2,3.4 TopogivThic features 32 204. Vegetation present Land Use 35 2.4.1 Natural Vegetation 35 2.4.2 Present Land Use 35 3 HUMAN ENVIRO f 37 3.1 of:111 ent °cox 37 3.2 :opulati ucation 38 3.201 Population Disixibution 38 3.2.2 Education 39 vi a polices 39 3.3.1 Aticultural policy and subsidies 40 3.3.2 OwnerShip of lands 40 303.3 Usz.: of lands 41 Mtakula programo 41 3.4 tenure Systems 42 3.4.1 Categories of 1 thin the tenure syst 43 3.4.2 t enure sys e 41 3.4.3 Distribution of.crop areaa 46 3.4.4 Existing land tenure and its unpact an Socio Economic factors 46 3.4.5 Physical planning of land resources in contact of exist tenure 47 3.4.6 A Atenure and degradation of resources 48 3.4.7 Legislation on Use 49 3.5 Transportation A oad network 49 3.6 Allocation of lani among enterprises 50 4 SOIL RESOURCES 4.1 Introduction 51 402 Soil classification Uhguja isl 55 4.2.1 Mohanga group 55 4.2.1.1 Reddish and BrowniSh mchanga 55 4.2.1.2 Greyis yellowidh Mohanga 56 4.2.1.3 S. ', hanga 57 4.2.2 Kin 0.,40 group 57 402.2,1 Deep Kinongo 57 4.2.2.2 Shallower ami Shallow Kinongo 58 4.2.203 *Wanda Kinango 59 4.2.3 Kinamo group 44.3.1 Northern Kinamo 61 4.2.3.2 Cheju. Kinamo 61 4.2.3.3 Muyuni and K i Kinamo 62 4.2,3,4 Complex slope Kinamo 63 vii ,C 403 Soil classification - Pemba island 64 4.3.1 Utasi 65 4.3.2 Semi Utasi 66 4.3.3 Bopwe 67 4.3.4 Ndamba 68 4.3.5 MtifUt 68 4.3.6 Kinako 69 40.7 Makaan.i 70 5. LAND RESOURCES ORY 74 5.1 Methodo ogy 74 5.1.1 Introduction 74 5.1.2 Physioaphic legend development 78 5.1.3 Top aphic maps and Airphotos used 80 5.14 Survey methods 81 5.1.5 PhYsi*: aphic legend - Uhguja islamd 82 5.1.6 Description of landmappingunits -Unguja 85 5.1.7 Physi aphio - Pemba isl 99 5.1.8 Description of land mapping units - Pemba 100 6 AGRICULTURE AND LAND UTILISATION 107 6.1 icultural production 107 6.2 !. icultural praotioes 108 6.3 The need for a well organised Eatension service 108 5'04 Cash arops 109 6.5 Livestoak 109 6.6 FUelwoed and timber 110 6.7 Iand preparation 110 6.8 Selection of ecologically feasible arops 110 6.9 Major arops considared far suitability assesment 112 6.10 Land utilisation types 112 viii pat73 7 LAM SUITABILITY CIASSIFIC 116 7.1 Introduction 116 7.2 System of Classification 116 7.3 Suitability analysis 116 7.4 Definition of lana suitability classes 117 705 Criteria for land suitability classification 118 7.5.1 Drainage 118 7.5.2 Slope gradient 118 7.5.3 Presence of rock outcrops 118 7.5.4 Rootable depth of soil 118 7.5.5 Salinity and Alkalinity 119 7.5.6 Retention of water and nutrienbs 119 7.5.7 Climatic adaptability of crops 119 7.5.8 Other criteria 120 7.6 Land suitability ratings for major crops 120 7.7 Conclusions and Recopmendations 120 135 141 ix LIST OF TABLES Climatological data summary for Unguja and Pemba 10 2 Unguja -Rainfall probability analysis for determination of dependable growing seasons and their lengths Masika seasen 14 3 Unguja- Rainfall probability analysis for determination of dependable growing seasons ami their lengths - Vuli season 15 4 Pemba - Rainfall probability analysis for determination of dependable growing seasons ami their lengths- Masika season 16 5 Pemba - Rainfall probability analysis for determination of dependable growing seasons and their lengths - VUli season 17 6 Crop wlabtibility groups based on photosynthetio pathway and response to radiation and temperature 21 7 Length of growing periods and resulting suitability limitations according to water availability management - Masika season 22 8 Extents of lands under diffarent morpho-ecologioal zones in Unguja 33 9 Extents of land under different terrain classes in Unguja 33 10 ThEtents of land under different Mbrpho-ecological zones in Pemba 34 11 Extents of land under different terrain classes in Pemba 34 12 Land Use pattern1977 36 13 Zamzibar population distribution 38 14 Government subsidies 40 15 Area under different categories of soils based an Calton's classification 54 16 Soil correlation -Unguja 72 17 Soil correlation - Pemba 73 18 Desaription of Land Utilisation Types 113 - 115 19 Soil requirements of majar crops 122 20 Land qualities of Mapping Units - Unguja 123 21 Land qualities of Mapping Units - Pemba 124 22 Determination.of lani suitability ratings of mapping units for rainfed 1Toduction of majar arops - Rice (Land utilisations Type 1) 125 23 Determination of land suitability ratings
Recommended publications
  • Urban Agriculture in Dar Es Salaam, T Anzania By: Stephan Schmidt

    Urban Agriculture in Dar Es Salaam, T Anzania By: Stephan Schmidt

    Urban Agriculture in Dar es Salaam, T anzania By: Stephan Schmidt CASE STUDY #7-12 OF THE PROGRAM: "FOOD POLICY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM" 2011 Edited by: Per Pinstrup-Andersen (globalfoodsystemc^cornell.edu) Cornell University In collaboration with: Soren E. Frandsen, Pro-Rector, Aarhus University, Denmark Arie Kuyvenhoven, Wageningen University Joachim von Braun, International Food Policy Research Institute Executive Summary Rapid urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa has led to in particular, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food serious concerns about household food security in Security and the Ministry of Livestock and Fish­ urban areas. Urban agriculture, which includes both eries, in order to be successful and to address the crop production and livestock raising, has been myriad problems facing it, and to better facilitate, recognized as serving an important role in the eco­ promote, and coordinate urban agricultural activi­ nomic, social, and dietary life of many cities in Sub- ties. Second, because land use planning is primarily Saharan Africa. In addition to being an important a function of local government, the municipal source of fresh produce, meat, and dairy products councils could better incorporate urban agriculture for consumers, it plays a vital economic role as a activities into the planning process to ensure that source of income for producers and distributors agriculture is recognized as a major activity in ur­ and also serves a socializing function for farmers, ban and peri-urban areas. Third, both national and communities, and neighborhoods. In addition, ur­ local governments could accept that urban agricul­ ban agriculture has a number of secondary impacts, ture is an established component of the informal including reducing food transportation costs and economy.
  • Zanzibar: Religion, Politics, and Identity in East Africa

    Zanzibar: Religion, Politics, and Identity in East Africa

    CAS PO 204: Zanzibar: Religion, Politics, and Identity in East Africa Timothy Longman Summer 2013 M-R 10-12, plus field trips May 27-July 3 Email: [email protected] The islands of Zanzibar have been a crossroads of African, Persian, Arab, Indian, and European cultures for two millenniums, making them a unique setting in which to explore issues of religion, ethnicity, race, gender, class, and politics in East Africa. From about 1000 A.D., the first permanent settlers began to arrive from the African mainland, and they mixed with Arab, Persian, and Indian traders who had used Zanzibar as a port for centuries. Zanzibar was linked early into the Muslim world, with the first mosque in the southern hemisphere was built in there in 1107. Zanzibar’s two main islands of Unguja and Pemba ultimately developed a plantation economy, with slaves imported from the mainland growing cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and other spices. Zanzibar’s strategic and economic importance made it a coveted prize, as it was alternately controlled by the Portuguese, Omani, and British empires. Zanzibar became the launching site for H.M. Stanley and other explorers, the center for many missionary groups, and an important base for European colonial expansion into East Africa. This course explores the role of Zanzibar as a gateway between East Africa and the Middle East, South Asia, and Europe and the fascinating legacy of social diversity left by the many different cultures that have passed through the islands. We study the contrast between the historical development of mainland East Africa and the Swahili coastal communities that range from Mozambique to Somalia and the role of Zanzibar in the expansion of colonialism into East Africa.
  • Land, Agriculture and Society in East Africa a Festschrift for Kjell Havnevik

    Land, Agriculture and Society in East Africa a Festschrift for Kjell Havnevik

    Looking back, looking ahead – land, agriculture and society in East Africa A Festschrift for Kjell Havnevik Edited by Michael Ståhl 1 ISBN 978-91-7106-774-6 © The authors and The Nordic Africa Institute. Cover photo: Stuart Freedman/Panos Photo of Kjell Havnevik: Elnaz Alizadeh Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. 2 Contents Introduction 5 Michael Ståhl Reflections on the unravelling of the Tanzanian peasantry, 1975–2015 9 Deborah Fahy Bryceson Land cannot give birth to new land 37 Stig Holmqvist Small-scale and large-scale agriculture: Tanzanian experiences 44 Andrew Coulson The rise and fall of the Paris Agenda in Tanzania: A study in trust and mistrust 74 Bertil Odén Promoting gender equality on land issues in Tanzania: How far have we come? 87 Aida Isinika and Anna Kikwa Land grabbing in Africa – a variety of primitive accumulation 97 Rune Skarstein Adjust or change? The debate on African economic structures 114 Mats Hårsmar Private or customary – whither land tenure in East Africa? 134 Opira Otto and Michael Ståhl Consolidating land use in Rwanda: Inclusive and sustainable rural development and lessons from Tanzania 152 Herman Musahara Large-scale land acquisitions in Tanzania and Ethiopia: A comparative perspective 170 Atakilte Beyene Witchcraft, witch killings and Christianity: The works of religion and parallel cosmologies in Tanzania 182 Terje Oestigaard Language, knowledge, development and the framing of common destiny in contemporary Ethiopia: some reflections 200 Tekeste Negash Land reform, natural resources governance and food security: Message from and to Africa and beyond 209 Prosper Matondi About the contributors 225 Kjell Havnevik – curriculum vitae and major publications 229 3 4 Introduction Michael Ståhl This Festschrift is dedicated to Kjell Havnevik and his research.
  • An Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs on Pemba Island Lindsay Kingston SIT Study Abroad

    An Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs on Pemba Island Lindsay Kingston SIT Study Abroad

    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2013 An Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs on Pemba Island Lindsay Kingston SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Growth and Development Commons, Natural Resource Economics Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Kingston, Lindsay, "An Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs on Pemba Island" (2013). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1523. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1523 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Evaluation of Environmental Education Programs on Pemba Island Lindsay Kingston Middlebury College SIT Zanzibar, Tanzania Spring 2013 Advisor: Hamza Rijaal Academic Director: Nat Quansah Table of Contents Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………. 1 Abstract………………………………………………………………… 2 Introduction…………………………………………………………….. 2 Study Sites……………………………………………………………... 8 Methodology………………………………………………………….. 10 Limitations……………………………………………………………. 13 Results………………………………………………………………... 14 Discussion……………………………………………………………. 28 Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 35 Recommendations……………………………………………………. 36 Works Cited ………………………………………………………….. 37 Appendices …………………………………………………………... 39 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Dr. Nat Quanash for his insight and advice from the beginning of the semester all the way to the end. A big thank you goes to Said for having answers to all my questions, solutions to all my problems and everlasting patience with not only me, but with every single student that has gone through this program. He is truly amazing.
  • Social and Economic Transformation in Tanzania and South Korea: Ujamaa and Saemaul Undong in the 1970S Compared

    Social and Economic Transformation in Tanzania and South Korea: Ujamaa and Saemaul Undong in the 1970S Compared

    Social and Economic Transformation in Tanzania and South Korea: Ujamaa and Saemaul Undong in the 1970s Compared Yong Yoon and Robert Mudida Julius Nyerere and Park Chung-hee carried out ambitious and important social and economic reforms for rural development in the 1970s in Tanzania and South Korea, respectively. The reforms not only affected the livelihood of rural people but also had long- reaching impact on the entire nations. Despite the visionary and generally benevolent rulers’ policy initiatives, the economic results of the rural development programs in the two countries cannot be more different. This paper contrasts and explores the importance of the nature of the transformation strategy and processes, as brought about by differences in leadership as well as in political philosophies and developmental goals, as a possible explanation for the drastically different economic outcomes of Tanzania’s Ujamaa and South Korea’s Saemaul Undong. Keywords: Tanzania, South Korea, Ujamaa; Saemaul Undong, Rural development, Social innovation, Economic transformation JEL Classifications: O35, O57, P10, P52, N95, N97 Yong Yoon, Corresponding Author, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. (Tel) +66-2- 218-6188, (Email) [email protected]. Robert Mudida, Associate Professor and Director, Strathmore Institute for Public Policy and Governance, Strathmore University, Ole Sangale, Madaraka, P.O. Box 59857 – 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. (Tel) +254-703-034-414, (Email) [email protected]. [Seoul
  • Preparatory Survey on Zanzibar Urban Water Distribution Facilities Improvement Project in United Republic of Tanzania

    Preparatory Survey on Zanzibar Urban Water Distribution Facilities Improvement Project in United Republic of Tanzania

    United Republic of Tanzania Ministry Lands, Water, Energy and Environment (MLWEE) Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA) Preparatory Survey on Zanzibar Urban Water Distribution Facilities Improvement Project in United Republic of Tanzania Final Report December 2017 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. (NJS) 6R Yokohama Water Co., Ltd. (YWC) JR(先)JR 17-033 In this report, the foreign currency exchange rate as of July 2017 shown below is applied. Exchange Rate： TZS 1.00 = JPY 0.0493 USD 1.00 = JPY 111.00 USD 1.00 = TZS 2,250 TZS: Tanzania Shilling JPY: Japanese Yen USD: United States Dollars United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Lands, Water, Energy and Environment (MLWEE) Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA) Preparatory Survey on Zanzibar Urban Water Distribution Facilities Improvement Project in United Republic of Tanzania Final Report December 2017 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. (NJS) Yokohama Water Co., Ltd. (YWC) ZAWA (Zanzibar Water Authority) Location Map (1/2) Water Supply Area㸸Unguja and Pemba Island Pemba Census (2012):Population 1,300,000 North A District North Unguja 900,000, Pemba 410,000 Gamba District Office Region Unguja: 80 km from South to North Mahonda District Office North B 30 km from east to west African Rift Valleys District Water Source: Ground Water (Springs, wells) Major Industry of Unguja West Agriculture, Fishery, Tourist Limestone Island: Saltwater Intrusion, Nitrate Pollution District South Urban WestW KKoani Region Mtoni Districtstri Office
  • Expanding Agricultural Production in Tanzania

    Expanding Agricultural Production in Tanzania

    Working paper Expanding Agricultural Production in Tanzania Scoping Study for IGC Tanzania on the National Panel Surveys Vincent Leyaro Oliver Morrissey April 2013 EXPANDING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TANZANIA Scoping Study for IGC Tanzania on the National Panel Surveys Dr Vincent Leyaro, University of Dar-es-Salaam Professor Oliver Morrissey, University of Nottingham April, 2013 CONTENTS Purpose and Aims 1. Context: Agriculture in Tanzania 2. Overview of Agricultural Policy and Performance 3. Data Measures and Definitions 4. Descriptive Statistics from NPS 2007/08 and 2010/11 5. Phase II Proposal: Productivity and Supply Response References Appendix Tables Purpose and Aims As agriculture accounts for a large share of employment, export earnings and even GDP in Tanzania, the sector is seen as a main vehicle in any national economic strategy to combat poverty and enhanced agricultural productivity is crucial to realize this objective. Despite this, there are no comprehensive studies of agricultural production and productivity using farm-level data in Tanzania. The National Panel Surveys (NPS) of 2008/09 and 2010/11 provide extensive data on some 3,280 farm households sampled throughout Tanzania, including information on area planted, quantity and value of harvest and input use (purchased and household) for a wide a variety of crops. Analysis of these panels offers the potential to provide insight on the determinants of productivity and supply response, in particular to identify factors amenable to policy influence that can provide effective incentives for farmers to increase production and efficiency. The basic aim of the scoping study is to assess the potential of analysing this data by describing and summarising the information.
  • Between Dependence and Deprivation: the Interlocking Nature of Land Alienation in Tanzania

    Between Dependence and Deprivation: the Interlocking Nature of Land Alienation in Tanzania

    Bluwstein Jevgeniy (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-1162-5028) Between dependence and deprivation: the interlocking nature of land alienation in Tanzania Abstract: Studies of accumulation by dispossession in the Global South tend to focus on individual sectors, e.g. large- scale agriculture or conservation. Yet smallholder farmers and pastoralists are not affected by one process in isolation, but by multiple processes of land alienation. Drawing on the case of Tanzania, we illustrate the analytical purchase of a comprehensive examination of dynamics of land alienation across multiple sectors. To begin with, processes of land alienation through investments in agriculture, mining, conservation and tourism dovetail with a growing social differentiation and class formation. These dynamics generate unequal patterns of land deprivation and accumulation that evolve in a context of continued land dependency by the vast majority of the rural population. Consequently, land alienation engenders responses by individuals and communities seeking to maintain control over their means of production. These responses include migration, land tenure formalization and land transactions, and in turn propagate across multiple localities and scales, interlocking with and further reinforcing the effects of land alienation. On the whole, localized processes of primitive accumulation contribute to a scramble for land in the aggregate, providing justifications for policies that further drive land alienation. Keywords: land grabbing, agriculture, conservation, accumulation by dispossession, Tanzania This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/joac.12271 This article is protected by copyright.
  • Kutafuta Maisha: Seeking a Life

    Kutafuta Maisha: Seeking a Life

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Kutafuta Maisha: Seeking a Life Political Disengagement as a Life-Improving Strategy – a Study of Youths in Politically Polarized Zanzibar Kristin Birkeland Galteland Masteroppgave ved Sosialantropologisk institutt UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 20. mai 2010 2 Kutafuta Maisha: Seeking a Life Political Disengagement as a Life-Improving Strategy – a Study of Youths in Politically Polarized Zanzibar Kristin Birkeland Galteland 3 © Kristin Birkeland Galteland 2010 Kutafuta Maisha: Seeking a Life Political Disengagement as a Life-Improving Strategy - a Study of Youths in Politically Polarized Zanzibar Kristin Birkeland Galteland http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo 4 Summary Youths in Zanzibar live under tough socio-economic conditions. As they follow developments in rural mainland Tanzania, and in other countries, they develop notions of what “the ideal” life different from previous generations’. Youths tend to not consider farming and fishing as real jobs anymore, rather seeking jobs in offices and business. In Zanzibar, it is believed that supporters of the ruling party have greater economic opportunities. For decades, Pemba Island has been the stronghold of the political opposition. Young Pembans therefore find it hard to seek the privileges of ruling party supporters. As there is little room in their community for critique of the opposition party, they seek to become apolitical through political disengagement. This is a difficult project, since the opposition party over time has become a central part of the people’s shared identity. This master thesis discusses everyday forms of resistance in Wete town on Pemba Island, where politics are strongly polarized.
  • Tanzania MFR Summary Report

    Tanzania MFR Summary Report

    TANZANIA August 20, 2018 Market Fundamentals Summary KEY MESSAGES The objective of this report is to document the basic market context Figure 1. Map of Tanzania for staple food and livestock production and marketing in Tanzania. The information presented is based on desk research, a field assessment using rapid rural appraisal techniques, and a consultation workshop with stakehoders in Tanzania. Findings from this report will inform regular market monitoring and analysis in Tanzania. Maize, rice, sorghum, millet, pulses (beans and peas), cassava and bananas (plantains) are the main staple foods in Tanzania. Maize is the most widely consumed staple in Tanzania and the country imports significant quantities of wheat to meet local demand for wheat flour. Consumption of other staples varies across the country based on local supply and demand dynamics. Cattle, goat and sheep are the major sources of red meat consumed in Tanzania. Tanzania’s cropping calendar follows two distinct seasonal patterns. The Msimu season covers unimodal rainfall areas in the south, west and central parts of the country while the Masika and Vuli seasons Source: FEWS NET (2018). cover bi-modal rainfall areas in the north and eastern parts of the country (Figure 5). Figure 2. Tanzania’s average self sufficiency status for key staple foods (2014/15 – 2017/18) As a member of the East Africa Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Tanzania plays an important role in regional staple food trade across East and Southern Africa (Annex III). The country is generally a surplus producer of staple cereals and pulses, and exports significant quantities of these commodities to neighboring countries in East and Southern Africa inlcuding Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratice Republic of Congo (Figure 2).
  • An Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining: Unguja, Zanzibar Caroline Ladlow SIT Study Abroad

    An Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining: Unguja, Zanzibar Caroline Ladlow SIT Study Abroad

    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2015 An Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining: Unguja, Zanzibar Caroline Ladlow SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Agricultural Economics Commons, Agricultural Education Commons, Cultural Resource Management and Policy Analysis Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Food Security Commons Recommended Citation Ladlow, Caroline, "An Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining: Unguja, Zanzibar" (2015). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2048. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2048 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining: Unguja, Zanzibar Caroline Ladlow SIT: Tanzania­Zanzibar Spring 2015 Independent Study Project Helen Peeks & Hamza Z. Rijaal May 6, 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Study Area 8 Methodology 10 Results and Discussion 12 Conclusion 31 Future Recommendations 32 References 34 Appendix A 36 Appendix B 38 Ladlow1 Acknowledgements Special thanks to Hamza Rijaal for his expertise and experience in sand mining, and his extensive network of resources throughout Zanzibar. Without his contacts and resources, much of the research for this study could not have been completed. Thank you to the incredible staff and guests at Creative Solutions who were endlessly helpful. Much thanks to Haji Abaeid and Ali Chaga who acted as my translators in Mangapwani.
  • Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Land Cover Changes: a Case of Zanzibar (Tanzania)

    Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Land Cover Changes: a Case of Zanzibar (Tanzania)

    remote sensing Article Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Land Cover Changes: A Case of Zanzibar (Tanzania) Hassan Omar 1 and Pedro Cabral 2,* 1 Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA), Zanzibar P.O. Box 146, Tanzania; [email protected] 2 NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 July 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Abstract: Land use and land cover (LULC) under improper land management is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa and has drastically affected ecological security. Addressing environmental impacts related to this challenge requires efficient planning strategies based on the measured information of land use patterns. This study assessed the ecological risk index (ERI) of Zanzibar based on LULC. A random forest classifier was used to classify three Landsat images of Zanzibar for the years 2003, 2009, and 2018. Then, a land change model was employed to simulate the LULC changes for 2027 under a business-as-usual (BAU), conservation, and extreme scenarios. Results showed that the built-up areas and farmland of Zanzibar Island have increased constantly, while the natural grassland and forest cover have decreased. The forest, agricultural, and grassland were highly fragmented into several small patches. The ERI of Zanzibar Island increased at a constant rate and, if the current trend continues, this index will increase by up to 8.9% in 2027 under an extreme scenario. If a conservation scenario is adopted, the ERI will increase by 4.6% whereas if a BAU policy is followed, this value will increase by 6.2%.