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Women in Botany Reduced Updated Rev 1.Xlsx Worked Importance to after supported Native Plants Location marriage by fieldwork Jane Colden (1724–1760) was among the first women anywhere to master formal Linnaean botany, and she did so not in a European center of learning but on a farm in the Hudson Valley of New York. Colden became a skilled, talented botanist, despite the unusualness of this activity for a woman in this period. She was able to develop Idenitification, these skills because she could take advantage of several intersecting circumstances. She first engaged with botany Jane Colden classification, at the behest of her father, who had himself practiced botany and had found it a route to prestige and sociability. 1724‐1766 Botanist New York No Father ? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Colden At the age of 16, Almira Hart began her teaching career in district schools. She later continued her own education. In 1814, she opened her first boarding school for young women at her home in Berlin; and two years later, she became principal of a school in Sandy Hill, New York.[1] While teaching at the Female Seminary, her interests in science increased, and her botanical career began under the influence of Amos Eaton. While under the direction of Eaton, she found her passion in botany and the lack of introductory text books for secondary and beginning college level students. This led Phelps to write and publish her first and most famous textbook in 1829, Familiar Lectures on Botany.[1] Almira 1793‐1884 In 1859, Phelps was the third woman elected as a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Phelps 1793‐ Teaching, botany 2nd Science. After gaining her membership, Phelps continued to write, lecture, and revise her textbooks until she died 1884 textbook North eaast somewhat husband NO in Baltimore on her 91st birthday, July 15, 1884. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almira_Hart_Lincoln_Phelps as an abolitionist, poet, novelist, editor, botanist, spiritualist medium, and advocate of women's, voters', and workers' rights. In contrast to many other 19th‐century women writers, throughout most of her adult life she earned her living as an author; at the same time she often donated her writing for causes she believed in, such as Frances the abolition of slavery. Green was a student of botany all her life and a botany teacher for several years. Seeing Harriet the need for an illustrated text, in 1856 she published The Primary Class‐Book of Botany. Well received by Whipple authorities, this text was revised, enlarged, and republished in collaboration with Joseph W. Congdon of East Green Greenwich as The Analytical Class Book of Botany. It included descriptions of over one thousand different plant McDougall species of the northern states, a chapter on "Economical Uses of Plants," and an exhortation to study nature as a 1805 ‐1878 text book writer North eaast testimony to God. Josephine Mason Milligan (1835-1911) was born on February 27, 1835, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She married Harvey William Milligan in 1856, in Decaturville, Tennessee. She collected plants in Massachusetts, Michigan, Illinois, Tennessee, Virginia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Texas, and Montana between 1863 and 1893. She kept an herbarium of wildflowers of Central Illinois, which she donated to the Smithsonian Institution after her death on July 6, 1911, in Jacksonville, Illinois. Milligan was an active member Josephone of her community in Jacksonville, Illinois, where she founded the Jacksonville Sorosis in 1868, Mason and the Jacksonville Household Science Club in 1885. Milligan 1835‐ https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/auth_per_fbr_eacp348 1911 Yes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildred_Esther_Mathias Prepared by Jean 4/8/2019 Page 1 Maxi’diwiac, also known as Buffalo Bird Woman, was an Indigenous Hidatsa woman living in North Dakota whose extensive gardening knowledge was transcribed and published by anthropologist Gilbert L. Wilson in the book Buffalo Bird Woman’s Garden in 1917.https://gardentherapy.ca/crazy‐plant‐ladies/?fbclid=IwAR0‐ QRCg6gZXlUIdNxjcMy5PAHHMcE0DurD2Q_Z04SuRE_aVgjZneqg29RE Maxi’diwi The book contains an account of a typical year of gardening and cultivation in Maxi’diwac’s life. It includes detailed ac (1839- descriptions of how Maxi’diwiac and her family planted, cared for, harvested, and preserved beans, corn, squash, 1932) and more, as well as the importance of ceremony, music, and storytelling as part of the process of nurturing the garden. This record of Maxi’diwiac’s extensive gardening knowledge contributed greatly to the preservation and knowledge of traditional Hidatsa gardening and cultivation techniques. Many modern gardeners use companion planting in the vegetable garden, a technique outlined in Maxi’diwiac’s book and used by her community for many North Dakota years.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bird_Woman (1834‐1931) made her mark in history by being the first botanic artist in the “Garden of Maine.” The “Posey‐ Woman,” as she was called by the French Canadians in upper Maine, was determined to collect, classify, and draw all the plants of Maine. Her self‐appointed life task resulted in over 4000 sheets of dried plants and ferns she discovered around the state of Maine. She became a self‐taught botanist who traveled throughout Maine collecting samples of flora and then classifying and drawing them. Many of her excursions took her through deep woods with swarms of black flies, or swamps of fallen, rotten trees that blocked her way. One experience nearly cost her her life as she fell through a rotten log with sharp rocks below. She managed to climb the bank and Catherine retrieve her collection basket and returned home after eleven hours. "Kate Furbish never 1834‐1931 botanical artist Maine married Yes Born in Portage, New York, Emily Lovira Gregory taught school until, at the age of thirty‐five, she entered Cornell University (B.A. 1881). After obtaining a doctorate in botany at Zurich, she took the position of teaching fellow in the department of biology at the University of Pennsylvania, thereby becoming the first woman faculty member as well as one of the earliest to give instruction at any but a women's college. She was appointed lecturer at Barnard Emily Lovira College the second year of its existence, and she played an active part in championing the cause of graduate Gregory teacher, wrote 2 never students and encouraging laboratory assistants by paying them out of her own funds. She died at the age of fifty‐ 1840‐1897 botany textbooks New York married No six, two years after becoming the first woman professor at Barnard College. Eliza Frances Andrews (1840‐1931) was a popular Southern writer whose works were published in popular newspapers and magazines, including the New York World and Godey's Lady's Book. Her longer works included The War‐Time Journal of a Georgian Girl (1908) and two botany textbooks. Her passion was writing, but financial troubles forced her to take a teaching job after the deaths of her parents, though she continued to be published. y 1900, she had returned again to Washington and began teaching high school science. She then turned her attention to one of her lifelong interests ‐ botany. She spent a summer doing research at Johns Hopkins University. She published two botany textbooks, in 1903 and 1911, the second the result of six years of study in Alabama.In 1926, she became the first American woman invited into the prestigious International Academy of Literature and Eliza Frances Science in Italy. Due to age, she had to decline an invitation to address the Academy at Naples.Eliza Frances Andrews teacher, wrote 2 Andrews died in Rome, Georgia, on January 21, 1931, at the age of 90. She is buried in Resthaven Cemetery in her 1840‐1931 botany textbooks Georgia No hometown of Washington, Georgia. born in Maine , teacher in Botany, retirned in 1911. They were having great difficulties familiarizing their students with plants growing in their natural surroundings, as development was wiping out these areas. This spot would be accessible and attractive for that ,That area included a swampy bog, fern glens, hillsides, upland hills and trees and Oldest public nearby, the Great Medicine Spring. In 1907 the Park Board was moved to set aside a portion of this area as a Eloise Bulter wildflower garden Natural Botanical Garden but soon it was known as the Wild Botanic Garden (as the partially visible sign in fig. 2 1851‐1933 in USA Minneapolis NO states). https://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/eloisebutler.html Prepared by Jean 4/8/2019 Page 2 Canadian American botanist. Born in Toronto, she moved to the United States at 14, and from age twenty to thirty, was a teacher in Denver, Colorado and taught herself botany. In 1890 she assumed a post in the herbarium at the California Academy of Sciences. Eastwood was given a position as joint Curator of the Academy with Katherine Alice Brandegee in 1892. By 1894, with the retirement of Brandegee, Eastwood was procurator Eastwood botanist, field never and Head of the Department of Botany, a position she held until she retired in 1949. 1859‐ 1953 work, Herbarium harbarium, married Yes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Eastwood(g)(y,y,) anAmerican botanist, bryologist, and educator. She and her husband, Nathaniel Lord Britton played a significant role in the fundraising and creation of the New York Botanical Garden. She was a co‐founder of the predecessor to the American Bryological and Lichenological Society. She was an activist for
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