DOCSLIB.ORG

Enhanced Microbial Sulfate Removal Through a Novel Electrode-Integrated Bioreactor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enhanced Microbial Sulfate Removal Through a Novel Electrode-Integrated Bioreactor Enhanced Microbial Sulfate Removal Through a Novel Electrode-Integrated Bioreactor A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY DANIEL C TAKAKI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DR. CHAN LAN CHUN JUNE 2018 © Daniel C Takaki 2018 Acknowledgements Academic support came from my major advisor Dr. Chan Lan Chun, as well as my thesis research committee members, Dr. Daniel S. Jones and Dr. Adrian Hanson. Additionally, the faculty of the University of Minnesota Water Resources Science program and the University of Minnesota – Duluth Civil Engineering Department. Laboratory support for this project came from Tobin Deen, Tyler Untiedt, Adelle Schumann, Sara Constantine, Thomas Vennemann, Jacob Daire, Kristofer Isaacson, and Brock Anderson of the Chun Research Group, University of Minnesota – Duluth, and Sophie LaFond-Hudson and Amber White of the Johnson Group, University of Minnesota - Duluth. This project would not have been possible without the financial support from a number of sources including the University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resources Science (CFANS) Diversity Scholars – Graduate Student Fellowship, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resource Center Annual Grant Competition, and the Mining Innovation Grant. Technical support for this project was provided from the University of Minnesota Genomics Center and Dr. Daniel S. Jones, University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering, for assisting in microbial community genomic sequencing and data composition. Steven Johnson, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute, helped to create the flow-through column reactors. i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Pam and Steve Takaki, and my siblings Jeff and Marissa for their unyielding support and to my close friends who kept me humble and motivated while working on this project. ii Abstract In northeast Minnesota, elevated levels of sulfate in freshwater systems is a topic of great interest, due to potential adverse impacts to wild rice ecosystems. Sulfate may contribute to methylmercury production and eutrophication in certain conditions. Increased interest has emerged for developing low cost and efficient technologies to treat high levels of sulfate in mining and industrial waste water. The use of biological sulfate reduction is a promising and economically viable plan for maintaining low levels of sulfate and sulfide, but its performance is highly variable. This project developed a sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactor that used a low electrical potential to enhance and sustain biological sulfate reduction by continuously supplying electron donor substrates (electrolytic hydrogen) to sulfate reducing bacteria. The project aims to understand the effect of a low applied voltage on the efficacy of sulfate reduction and iron sulfide formation. Reactors contained creek sediment (Second Creek, MN) and an artificial mine water with a sulfate concentration of ~1000 ppm. The sulfur chemistry in the pore water of the reactors was assessed to determine sulfate reduction, resulting in over 90% reduction in porewater sulfate at the cathode in batch reactors, where electrolytic hydrogen gas was generated at a rate of 4.14 mmol/day. Simultaneously, ferrous iron was released into the reactor via iron electrodissolution and reacted with reduced sulfide ions to form iron sulfide precipitates. This level of hydrogen generation was sustained over a 14-day period and successfully showed that the application of a low voltage to sediment bioreactors is a promising technology to treat sulfate contaminated waste waters. iii The microbial community structure and relative abundance of different species associated with sulfate reduction were also examined. It was shown that relative abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria, specifically Desulfovibrio, a genus of deltaproteobacteria positively associated with sulfate reduction, which utilize hydrogen as their preferred electron donor, increased throughout batch reactor operation when operated at 2V. Finally, the sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactor served as a proof of concept for the application of low electrical potential to enhance and sustain biological sulfate reduction. The outcomes of this reactor operation laid the groundwork to develop a prototype flow-through bioelectrochemical reactor designed to handle larger volumes of waste water for an extended period of time. Preliminary results from this flow-through reactor demonstrated the ability to generate a constant supply of electrolytic hydrogen used by sulfate reducing bacteria. Through these experiments, recommendations have been made to improve efficacy of flow-through reactors. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements i Dedication ii Abstract iii Table of Contents v List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Sulfate in Freshwater Ecosystems 1 1.2 Treatments of Sulfate Contaminated Waste Waters 3 1.3 Biological Sulfate Reduction as a Treatment Method 5 1.4 Project Scope 6 1.5 Project Hypothesis and Objectives 8 Chapter 2. Sediment Bioelectrochemical Batch Reactor for Sulfate Treatment 2.1 Sediment Bioelectrochemical Batch Reactor Configuration and Design 9 2.2 Operation and Sampling 10 2.3 Chemical Analysis 11 2.3.1 Physiochemical Analysis 11 2.3.2 Sulfur Chemistry Analysis 12 2.4 Sediment Bioelectrochemical Batch Reactor Results 13 2.5 Summary 20 Chapter 3. Microbial Community Analysis of Sediment Bioelectrochemical Batch Reactor 3.1 Sediment Collection and DNA Extraction Methods 24 3.2 Quantification of SRB populations using qPCRs 24 3.3 Amplicon Sequencing and Bioinformatics 26 3.4 Results 27 3.4.1 Quantification of SRB populations using qPCR 27 3.4.2 Microbial Community Diversity Analysis 31 3.5 Discussion 40 Chapter 4. Flow-Through Bioelectrochemical Reactor for Sulfate Treatment 4.1 Packed-Bed Bioelectrochemical Reactor Design 43 4.2 Reactor Operation and Analysis 44 4.3 Results 45 4.4 Discussion 54 4.5 Recommendations 56 Bibliography 60 Appendix A. Sediment Microbial Community Taxa 64 v List of Tables Table 1-1. Summary of costs and efficiencies associated with sulfate treatment processes adopted from Bowell 2004 and MPCA 2017. 4 Table 2-1. Chemical composition of artificial mine water 10 Table 3-1. Primers sets targeting the dsrAB gene tested for use in polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 26 Table 4-1. Average current density and daily hydrogen production in flow through bioelectrochemical reactors operating at a range of applied voltage (2V to 4V) and flow rates (30.2 mL/day to 108 mL/day). 46 vi List of Figures Figure 1-1. Sulfate concentrations in surface water in Minnesota. 2 Figure 2-1. Schematic diagram and photograph of sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactor. 9 Figure 2-2. Change of redox potential in porewater throughout the operation of sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors operated at 2V and 0V. 14 Figure 2-3. Change of pH in porewater throughout the operation of sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors operated at 2V and 0V. 14 Figure 2-4. Change of total iron concentration in porewater throughout the operation of sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors operated at 2V and 0V. 15 Figure 2-5. Change in porewater sulfate concentration at the cathode throughout the duration of sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors operated at 2V and 0V. 16 Figure 2-6. Black band iron sulfide formation developed at the cathode in sediment bioelectrochemical reactor after 14 days of 2V applied. 17 Figure 2-7. Solid phase sulfide concentration in sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors after 14 days of operation at 2V and 0V. 18 Figure 2-8. SEM image and elemental mapping of Fe and S in black band precipitates in 2V reactors sediment after 14 days (1000x magnification). 19 Figure 2-9. SEM image and elemental mapping of Fe and S in untreated Second Creek sediment (1000x magnification). 19 Figure 3-1. Quantification of 16S rRNA gene and the dsrA gene in the sediment bioelectrochemical reactors as a function of reactor operation duration. 29 Figure 3-2. Ratio of dsrA to 16S rRNA gene copy numbers per gram of sediment in sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors initially. 30 Figure 3-3. Ratio of dsrA to 16S rRNA gene copy numbers per gram of sediment in sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors after 14 days. 30 vii Figure 3-4. Distribution of the most abundant phyla relative OTUs in both the control and 2V sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors near the cathode (sample port D). 32 Figure 3-5. Distribution of the most abundant class relative OTUs in both the control and 2V sediment bioelectrochemical batch reactors near the cathode (sample port D). 33 Figure 3-6. Changes in relative abundance of orders of sulfate reducing bacteria near the cathode, measured as a function of Relative Observed OTUs versus reactor operation time. 34 Figure 3-7. Change in relative abundance of Desulfovibrionales over time near the cathode in relation to the change in sulfate concentration near the cathode in 2V reactor. 35 Figure 3-8. Changes in relative abundance of different taxa near the cathode, measured as a function of Relative Observed OTUs versus batch reactor operation time. 36 Figure 3-9. Relative abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria, iron oxidizing bacteria, sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic bacteria on day 14 of batch reactor operation. 37 Figure 3-10. Principle Coordinate Analyses (PCoA) ordinations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens
    microorganisms Article Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens Maryam Rezadehbashi and Susan A. Baldwin * Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-822-1973 Received: 2 January 2018; Accepted: 17 February 2018; Published: 23 February 2018 Abstract: Biochemical reactors (BCRs) based on the stimulation of sulphate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) are emerging semi-passive remediation technologies for treatment of mine-influenced water. Their successful removal of metals and sulphate has been proven at the pilot-scale, but little is known about the types of SRM that grow in these systems and whether they are diverse or restricted to particular phylogenetic or taxonomic groups. A phylogenetic study of four established pilot-scale BCRs on three different mine sites compared the diversity of SRM growing in them. The mine sites were geographically distant from each other, nevertheless the BCRs selected for similar SRM types. Clostridia SRM related to Desulfosporosinus spp. known to be tolerant to high concentrations of copper were members of the core microbial community. Members of the SRM family Desulfobacteraceae were dominant, particularly those related to Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans. Methanogens were dominant archaea and possibly were present at higher relative abundances than SRM in some BCRs. Both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic types were present. There were no strong negative or positive co-occurrence correlations of methanogen and SRM taxa. Knowing which SRM inhabit successfully operating BCRs allows practitioners to target these phylogenetic groups when selecting inoculum for future operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Qt9d3054wm.Pdf
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Surveys, simulation and single-cell assays relate function and phylogeny in a lake ecosystem. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d3054wm Journal Nature microbiology, 1(9) ISSN 2058-5276 Authors Preheim, Sarah P Olesen, Scott W Spencer, Sarah J et al. Publication Date 2016-08-15 DOI 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.130 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Surveys, simulation and single-cell assays relate function and phylogeny in a lake ecosystem Sarah P. Preheim , Scott W. Olesen , Sarah J. Spencer , Arne Materna , Charuleka Varadharajan , Matthew Blackburn , Jonathan Friedman , Jorge Rodríguez , Harold Hemond & Eric J. Alm Nature Microbiology volume1, Article number: 16130 (2016) | Download Citation Abstract Much remains unknown about what drives microbial community structure and diversity. Highly structured environments might offer clues. For example, it may be possible to identify metabolically similar species as groups of organisms that correlate spatially with the geochemical processes they carry out. Here, we use a 16S ribosomal RNA gene survey in a lake that has chemical gradients across its depth to identify groups of spatially correlated but phylogenetically diverse organisms. Some groups had distributions across depth that aligned with the distributions of metabolic processes predicted by a biogeochemical model, suggesting that these groups performed biogeochemical functions. A single-cell genetic assay showed, however, that the groups associated with one biogeochemical process, sulfate reduction, contained only a few organisms that have the genes required to reduce sulfate. These results raise the possibility that some of these spatially correlated groups are consortia of phylogenetically diverse and metabolically different microbes that cooperate to carry out geochemical functions.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Approach Implicates the Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis in the Pathogenesis of Huntington’S Disease Transgenic Mice
    An integrated metagenomics and metabolomics approach implicates the microbiome-gut-brain-axis in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease transgenic mice Geraldine Kong The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Susan Ellul University of Melbourne Vinod Narayana University of Melbourne Komal Kanojia University of Melbourne Harvey Tran Thai Ha The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Shanshan Li The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Thibault Renoir The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Kim-Anh Le Cao University of Melbourne Anthony Hannan ( anthony.hannan@≈orey.edu.au ) Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne https://orcid.org/0000- 0001-7532-8922 Research Keywords: Gut microbiome, Huntington’s disease, metagenomics, metabolomics, brain disorder, mouse model DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.23316/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/30 Abstract Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with onset and severity of symptoms in≈uenced by various environmental factors. Recent discoveries have highlighted the importance of the gastrointestinal microbiome in mediating the bidirectional communication between the central and enteric nervous system via circulating factors. Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated the gut microbiome composition in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of HD from 4 to 12 weeks of age (early adolescent through to adult stages). Targeted metabolomics was also performed on the blood plasma of these mice (n=9 per group) at 12 weeks of age to investigate potential effects of gut dysbiosis on the plasma metabolome proƒle.
    [Show full text]
  • Pila Genes. the Location of Alpha Helices (Represented by Red H) and Beta Strands (Represented by Yellow E) Was Predicted with Jpred 4 (Drozdetskiy Et Al, 2015)
    Supplementary Figure S1. Secondary structure of the N-terminus of PilA proteins from Desulfuromondales species and other bacteria that possess type IVa pilA genes. The location of alpha helices (represented by red H) and beta strands (represented by yellow E) was predicted with Jpred 4 (Drozdetskiy et al, 2015). Transmembrane helices (green background) were predicted with TmPred (Hofmann & Stoffel, 1993), TMHMM (Krogh et al, 2001), and HMMTOP (Tusnady & Simon, 2001). G. bemidjiensis (Gbem_2590) MLNKLRSNKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFSAYREKAYNAASNSDLKNFKTGLEAFNADFQTYPAAYVASTN ---HHH----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH----HHHHHHHHHHHHH-----HHHHHHHHHH-------EEEE--- G. bremensis (K419DRAFT_00801) MLNKLRSNKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFSAYREKAYNAASNSDLKNWKTGQEAYQADFQAYPAAYDVH --HHHH----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH----HHHHHHHHHH------HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH---------- Pelobacter seleniigenes (N909DRAFT_0006) MLKKFRKNEKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFASYRQKAFNSASQSDLKTIKTSLEGYYTDEYYYPY --HHHHH-----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH-HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH------- Geobacter sp. OR-1 (WP_041974243) MLSKLRSNKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFSAYREKAYNTAANADDKNAKTGEEAYNADNQKYPLAYDQH --HHHHH----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH---HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH------------ Geobacter sp. M18 (GM18_2492) MLNKIRSNKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFSAYRAKAYNAAANSDLKNIKTGMEAYMADRQAYPVSLDER --HHHHH-----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH------------ Geobacter sp. M21 MLNKLRSNKGFTLIELLIVVAIIGILAAIAIPQFSAYRAKAYNSAANSDLKNMKTGMEAYMADRQAYPALLDQR --HHHHH-----HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH----------- Desulfuromonas
    [Show full text]
  • A Web Tool for Hydrogenase Classification and Analysis
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/061994; this version posted September 16, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 HydDB: A web tool for hydrogenase 2 classification and analysis 3 Dan Søndergaarda, Christian N. S. Pedersena, Chris Greeningb, c* 4 5 a Aarhus University, Bioinformatics Research Centre, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, Aarhus 6 DK-8000, Denmark 7 b The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and 8 Water Flagship, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2060, Australia 9 c Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC 2800, Australia 10 11 Correspondence: 12 Dr Chris Greening ([email protected]), Monash University, School of 13 Biological Sciences, Clayton, VIC 2800, Australia 14 Dan Søndergaard ([email protected]), Aarhus University, Bioinformatics Research 15 Centre, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/061994; this version posted September 16, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 16 Abstract 17 H2 metabolism is proposed to be the most ancient and diverse mechanism of 18 energy-conservation. The metalloenzymes mediating this metabolism, 19 hydrogenases, are encoded by over 60 microbial phyla and are present in all major 20 ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Oklahoma Graduate College
    THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By BRANDON E. L. MORRIS Norman, OK 2011 ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND MICROBIOLOGY BY ____________________________ Dr. Joseph M. Suflita, Chair ____________________________ Dr. Michael J. McInerney ____________________________ Dr. Paul A. Lawson ____________________________ Dr. Tyrrell Conway ____________________________ Dr. Paul F. Cook © Copyright by BRANDON E. L. MORRIS, 2011 All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to gratefully acknowledge the guidance of my advisor Dr. Joseph Suflita and his role in my development as a scientific researcher. I hereby recognize my committee members, Dr. Michael McInerney, Dr. Paul Cook, Dr. Tyrrell Conway, and Dr. Paul Lawson for their support and thoughtful discussions throughout my graduate career at the University of Oklahoma. All of these admirable researchers were principle in helping me develop scientific judgment and the ability to carry out meaningful research. My colleagues in the Suflita lab past and present, including Dr. Lisa Gieg, Dr. Victoria Parisi, Dr. Irene Davidova, Dr. Deniz Aktas, Carolina Berdugo, Margarita Mendivelso, and Chris Lyles deserve recognition for their support and contribution to my skill set, including the ability to investigate anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation, cultivate anaerobic organisms, and develop analytical methods. Roughly two years of my graduate career was spent in collaboration with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Scale: 1 D Bacteria P Desulfobacterota C Jdfr-97 O Jdfr-97 F Jdfr-97 G Jdfr-97 S Jdfr-97 Sp002010915 WGS ID MTPG01
    d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Thermodesulfobacteria o Thermodesulfobacteriales f Thermodesulfobacteriaceae g Thermodesulfobacterium s Thermodesulfobacterium commune WGS ID JQLF01 d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Thermodesulfobacteria o Thermodesulfobacteriales f Thermodesulfobacteriaceae g Thermosulfurimonas s Thermosulfurimonas dismutans WGS ID LWLG01 d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Desulfofervidia o Desulfofervidales f DG-60 g DG-60 s DG-60 sp001304365 WGS ID LJNA01 ID WGS sp001304365 DG-60 s DG-60 g DG-60 f Desulfofervidales o Desulfofervidia c Desulfobacterota p Bacteria d d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Desulfofervidia o Desulfofervidales f Desulfofervidaceae g Desulfofervidus s Desulfofervidus auxilii RS GCF 001577525 1 001577525 GCF RS auxilii Desulfofervidus s Desulfofervidus g Desulfofervidaceae f Desulfofervidales o Desulfofervidia c Desulfobacterota p Bacteria d d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Thermodesulfobacteria o Thermodesulfobacteriales f Thermodesulfatatoraceae g Thermodesulfatator s Thermodesulfatator atlanticus WGS ID ATXH01 d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Desulfobacteria o Desulfatiglandales f NaphS2 g 4484-190-2 s 4484-190-2 sp002050025 WGS ID MVDB01 ID WGS sp002050025 4484-190-2 s 4484-190-2 g NaphS2 f Desulfatiglandales o Desulfobacteria c Desulfobacterota p Bacteria d d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c Thermodesulfobacteria o Thermodesulfobacteriales f Thermodesulfobacteriaceae g QOAM01 s QOAM01 sp003978075 WGS ID QOAM01 d Bacteria p Desulfobacterota c BSN033 o UBA8473 f UBA8473 g UBA8473 s UBA8473 sp002782605 WGS
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Sulfur Transformations in Sediments from Subglacial Lake Whillans
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 19 November 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00594 Microbial sulfur transformations in sediments from Subglacial Lake Whillans Alicia M. Purcell 1, Jill A. Mikucki 1*, Amanda M. Achberger 2 , Irina A. Alekhina 3 , Carlo Barbante 4 , Brent C. Christner 2 , Dhritiman Ghosh1, Alexander B. Michaud 5 , Andrew C. Mitchell 6 , John C. Priscu 5 , Reed Scherer 7 , Mark L. Skidmore8 , Trista J. Vick-Majors 5 and the WISSARD Science Team 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 3 Climate and Environmental Research Laboratory, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia 4 Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy 5 Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA 6 Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK 7 Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA 8 Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA Edited by: Diverse microbial assemblages inhabit subglacial aquatic environments.While few of these Andreas Teske, University of North environments have been sampled, data reveal that subglacial organisms gain energy for Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA growth from reduced minerals containing nitrogen, iron, and sulfur. Here we investigate Reviewed by: the role of microbially mediated sulfur transformations in sediments from Subglacial Aharon Oren, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Lake Whillans (SLW), Antarctica, by examining key genes involved in dissimilatory sulfur John B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Microbial Sulfur Cycle at Extremely Haloalkaline Conditions of Soda Lakes
    REVIEW ARTICLE published: 21 March 2011 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00044 The microbial sulfur cycle at extremely haloalkaline conditions of soda lakes Dimitry Y. Sorokin1,2*, J. Gijs Kuenen 2 and Gerard Muyzer 2 1 Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Edited by: Soda lakes represent a unique ecosystem with extremely high pH (up to 11) and salinity (up to Martin G. Klotz, University of Louisville, saturation) due to the presence of high concentrations of sodium carbonate in brines. Despite USA these double extreme conditions, most of the lakes are highly productive and contain a fully Reviewed by: Aharon Oren, The Hebrew University functional microbial system. The microbial sulfur cycle is among the most active in soda lakes. of Jerusalem, Israel One of the explanations for that is high-energy efficiency of dissimilatory conversions of inorganic Yanhe Ma, Institute of Microbiology sulfur compounds, both oxidative and reductive, sufficient to cope with costly life at double Chinese Academy of Sciences, China extreme conditions. The oxidative part of the sulfur cycle is driven by chemolithoautotrophic *Correspondence: haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), which are unique for soda lakes. The haloalkaliphilic Dimitry Y. Sorokin, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian SOB are present in the surface sediment layer of various soda lakes at high numbers of up to Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-let 106 viable cells/cm3. The culturable forms are so far represented by four novel genera within the Octyabrya 7/2, 117312 Moscow, Russia Gammaproteobacteria, including the genera Thioalkalivibrio, Thioalkalimicrobium, Thioalkalispira, e-mail: [email protected]; and Thioalkalibacter.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus Propionicus': a First Haloalkaliphilic
    Delft University of Technology ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’ a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes Sorokin, D. Y.; Chernyh, N. A. DOI 10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 Publication date 2016 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Published in Extremophiles: life under extreme conditions Citation (APA) Sorokin, D. Y., & Chernyh, N. A. (2016). ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’: a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes. Extremophiles: life under extreme conditions, 20(6), 895-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. Extremophiles DOI 10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 ORIGINAL PAPER ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’: a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes D. Y. Sorokin1,2 · N. A. Chernyh1 Received: 23 August 2016 / Accepted: 4 October 2016 © Springer Japan 2016 Abstract Propionate can be directly oxidized anaerobi- from its members at the genus level.
    [Show full text]
  • Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens
    microorganisms Article Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens Maryam Rezadehbashi and Susan A. Baldwin * Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-822-1973 Received: 2 January 2018; Accepted: 17 February 2018; Published: 23 February 2018 Abstract: Biochemical reactors (BCRs) based on the stimulation of sulphate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) are emerging semi-passive remediation technologies for treatment of mine-influenced water. Their successful removal of metals and sulphate has been proven at the pilot-scale, but little is known about the types of SRM that grow in these systems and whether they are diverse or restricted to particular phylogenetic or taxonomic groups. A phylogenetic study of four established pilot-scale BCRs on three different mine sites compared the diversity of SRM growing in them. The mine sites were geographically distant from each other, nevertheless the BCRs selected for similar SRM types. Clostridia SRM related to Desulfosporosinus spp. known to be tolerant to high concentrations of copper were members of the core microbial community. Members of the SRM family Desulfobacteraceae were dominant, particularly those related to Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans. Methanogens were dominant archaea and possibly were present at higher relative abundances than SRM in some BCRs. Both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic types were present. There were no strong negative or positive co-occurrence correlations of methanogen and SRM taxa. Knowing which SRM inhabit successfully operating BCRs allows practitioners to target these phylogenetic groups when selecting inoculum for future operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Involvements in Ulcerative Colitis: Molecular and Microbiological Studies
    BACTERIAL INVOLVEMENTS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS: MOLECULAR AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES Samia Alkhalil A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Portsmouth Institute of Biomedical and biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences October 2017 AUTHORS’ DECLARATION I declare that whilst registered as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at University of Portsmouth, I have not been registered as a candidate for any other research award. The results and conclusions embodied in this thesis are the work of the named candidate and have not been submitted for any other academic award. Samia Alkhalil I ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a series of disorders characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation, with the principal examples being Crohn’s Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A paradigm of these disorders is that the composition of the colon microbiota changes, with increases in bacterial numbers and a reduction in diversity, particularly within the Firmicutes. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are believed to be involved in the etiology of these disorders, because they produce hydrogen sulfide which may be a causative agent of epithelial inflammation, although little supportive evidence exists for this possibility. The purpose of this study was (1) to detect and compare the relative levels of gut bacterial populations among patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals using PCR-DGGE, sequence analysis and biochip technology; (2) develop a rapid detection method for SRBs and (3) determine the susceptibility of Desulfovibrio indonesiensis in biofilms to Manuka honey with and without antibiotic treatment.
    [Show full text]