1 An Independent Report on the Situation of the June 4 Massacre Victims Jiang Qisheng 1 2 Contents Preface 3 I. The June 4 Massacre: A bloody suppression on 4 the 1989 pro-democracy movement by the governmental authorities II. Human rights disaster after the June 4 suppression: 10 Large-scale arrest and identification III. Tiananmen Mother: The families of the June 4 12 deceased and the disabled i. The pains and sufferings experienced by this group ii. The difficult struggles of the 20-year persuit for justice iii. The current status of the group of Tiananmen Mother IV. The June 4 prisoners of conscience 27 i. Great creation of and suppression on the June 4 prisoners of conscience by the governmental authority ii. The June 4 individuals with unchanged belief after being released from prison iii. The June 4 individuals with bitter life after being released from prison iv. The June 4 prisoners of conscience still in jail till now V. The June 4 individuals suffering 61 in other forms of political persecution VI. The political victims under the One-Party dictatorship system 64 VII. The changes in the living 66 conditions of the June 4 victims Concluding remarks 68 References 69 Appendix 70 2 3 Preface The 1989 pro-democracy movement taken place 20 years ago and the June 4 Massacre carried out by the order of the Chinese government are vital and important events which can never be avoided and denied in the modern Chinese history. The June 4 Massacre and the large-scale arrest and identification followed have created tens of thousands of the June 4 victims. They are: the June 4 deceased lying in the bloody ground, the June 4 wounded and disabled shot by bullets, the family members of the June 4 victims and disabled, the June 4 persecuted due to conscience expression, being sentenced to jail or sent for reeducation-through labor as well as other the June 4 individuals suffered from political persecution. At the eve of the 20th anniversary of the 1989 pro-democracy movement and the June 4 Massacre, in order to help the Chinese non-governmental circles and international communities in restoring the historical truth, in rebuilding the historical memory, in seeking historical justice, this report intends to have a essential description on the miserable sufferings of the June 4 victims at that time and on the hard courses of the June 4 victims during the last 20 years. This report also expects to have a necessary analysis on the systematic factors which created the June 4 victims, and to propose the ways and means of how to change their living conditions. 3 4 I. The June 4 Massacre: A bloody suppression on the 1989 pro-democracy movement by the governmental authorities From April 15 till June 3, 1989, the people’s spontaneous, peaceful protesting and reason pressing movement, which broke out in Beijing, the Capital of China, and then spread to large and medium-sized cities all over China, is an unprecedented and magnificent scaled movement for freedom and democracy. During this movement, the people exercised their rights of freedom in expression, in press, in association, in assembly, and in demonstration, proposed the basic demands of re-appraising Mr. Hu Yaobang, quickening political and democratic reform, legislating “News Law”and “Property Declaration Law for Officials”, nationalizing the armed forces, fighting against corruption and official profiteering. These basic demands unfurled clearly the desires for freedom and dignity by the Chinese people who stood on the correct historical side, and were the acceptance and recognition of the mainstream of human civilization and universal values. On facing this magnificent 1989 pro-democracy movement, the Chinese government, which stood on the wrong historical side and refused the changes in political democratization, even dared to defy world opinion and flagrantly made use of the fully armed military forces against the bare-handed students and civilians with tanks and machine guns, engineering the extremely cruel the June 4 Massacre before the faces of the world. In the bloody evening of June 3 and at the dawn of June 4, the martial law troops, carrying loaded rifles, fired at the students and civilians on the avenue and in small alleys in Beijing, shooting, one after another, the colorful lives in endless blood. At over 9 p.m. on June 3, the evil cracks of a gun started at the junction of Yongding, Fuxing Road. A peasant from Beijing, aged only 22, with surname as Guo, was shot to death. Over 10 p.m., Song Xiaoming, a worker from the Second Academy 4 5 of China Space Civil and Building Engineering Design and Research Academy, was shot at his leg at the junction of Wukesong Road, died at the dawn of June 4 after being sent to Hospital 301 due to failure in emergent rescue. Almost at the same time, an artificer named Li Zhengying from the Experimental Instrument Plant of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences was shot at his chest at the north gate of Hospital 301. One hour later, he died in Hospital 301. Later on, a job-waiting youth named Ya Aiguo was shot at his head near Gongzhufen, and died in Hospital 301 very soon. In Muxidi where the troops fired madly without reason, a 17-year-old senior high school student named Jiang Jielian, in grade 12 of the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, was shot at his chest, dying in blood on the street. An Engineer named Yuan Li, from the Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machine-Building Industry affiliated to Ministry of Machine Building and Electronics Industry, was shot at his throat, his clothes and trousers were dyed through blood. Hao Zhijing, an assistant researcher from the Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Science, was shot at the left of his chest and died unfortunately. Wu Xiangdong, a worker from Beijing Dongfeng TV Set Plant, was shot at his cervix and died after failure in emergent rescue. Ye Weihang, a senior high school student in grade 12 from Beijing No. 57 Middle School, was shot by three bullets and thus was atrociously killed. Ma Chengfen, the wife of Du Dongxu who was a retired military officer, was shot at her right lower abdominal wall, bleeding like a pig and died. Near Fuxingmen flyover, a 9-year-old pupil, Lu Peng, from grade 3 in Beijing Shunchenggeng Primary School, was shot at his chest and died immediately on site. Near the Cultural Palace for Nationalities, Duan Changlong, a graduating student from the Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University, was killed within a short distance shot, by a small-caliber pistol. In Xidan, Zhang Jin, a graduating student from the Foreign Affairs Service School affiliated to China World Trade Center, was shot at her head at 00: 10 at the dawn of June 4 and died. At Liubukou, Zhaolong, a job-waiting youth, was shot at his chest by three bullets and died on the ground. At the southern junction of Nan Changjie, Wang Nan, a senior high school student in grade 11, from Beijing Yue Tan High School was shot at his head and died because the martial law troops did not allow an ambulance corps to take emergency rescue. 5 6 In Tiananmen Square, Cheng Renxing, a graduating student of bachelor's degree with double majors from Renmin University of China, was shot at his underbelly under the national flagstaff and died due to lack of rescue after being sent to a hospital. Dai Jinping, a postgraduate student pursuing master's degree from China Agricultural University, was killed by the martial law troops near Mao Zedong Memorial Hall. Li Haocheng, a grade 87 undergraduate in the Chinese Department of Tianjin Normal University, was shot by two bullets at the southeast corner of Tiananmen Square and died In front of Ministry of Public Security, East Changan Avenue, Yang Minghu, a after rescue failure in Beijing Tongren Hospital.staffer from the China Council for Promoting International Trade, was shot at his belly and died after being sent to a hospital on June 6. At the junction of Zhengyi Road, East Changan Avenue, Yang Yansheng, a staffer from the computer room in editing department of China Sports News , was shot at his belley and died in a hospital after failure in rescue. Just after the midnight of June 3, Zhang Zhiqiang, a teacher from Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, was shot at his right leg, and was sent to Xuanwu Hospital for surgery. Thereafter till 1991, he had accepted surgical operation for five times. Zhang said: “Till now, my leg is supported still with steel. My right leg could not feel consciously and powerful. I am unable to squat, run and jump. I am easy to fall over myself while walking. These troubles bring a great inconvenience to me in my daily work and life. ” Over one o’clock in the early morning of June 4, Qi Zhiyong, a painter from the Sixth Corporation of Beijing Urban Construction Group, was hit by the bullets from a submachine gun at his two legs in Xirongxian lane and was sent, one after another, to the Second Hospital of Beijing and Beijing Emergency Medical Center and Xuanwu Hospital. At about five o’clock in the morning, he received an operation which saved his life. Between June 13 and July 16, Qi’s left leg received two times high-positioned amputations. From the night of June 3 to June 4, only in Xuanwu Hospital, where Zhang Zhiqiang and Qi Zhiyong received the emergent rescue, 273 the June 4 wounded were received and treated.