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Melanotrichus Fukudo N. Sp. (MIRIDAE)

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Melanotrichus Fukudo N. Sp. (MIRIDAE) Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2020 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 20(1): 1-20 ISSN: 1579-0681 Two new species of the plant bug genus Melanotrichus inhabiting halophytes in southwestern Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) T. YASUNAGA1, T. SHISHIDO2 1Research Associate; Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; New York, NY 10024; USA; E-mail: [email protected] 2Katsuhara-ku; Shimo-oda 325-3; Himeji; Hyogo 671-1201; Japan; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Japanese species of the orthotyline plant bug genus Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875 are reclassified. Two congeners uniquely inhabiting halophytes at a mixohaline river estuary in Hyogo Prefecture, M. fukudo n. sp. (associated with Artemisia fukudo of the Asteraceae) and M. halimus n. sp. (Suaeda maritima, Amaranthaceae), are described as new, with information on the biology and immature forms. A checklist of Melanotrichus species known from Japan and adjacent areas (Korean Peninsula and Taiwan) and a key to Japanese species are provided. The systematic position of the genus in the tribe Orthotylini is also discussed. Key words: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Melanotrichus, new species, Japan, halophytes. Resumen Dos nuevas especies del género Melanotrichus habitantes de halófitos en el suroeste de Japón (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Se reclasifican las especies japonesas del género de míridos ortotilinos Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875. Se describen dos nuevas especies del género que habitan en halófitos de un estuario fluvial mixohalino en la Prefectura de Hyogo: M. fukudo n. sp. (asociada con Artemisia fukudo, Asteraceae) y M. halimus n. sp. (con Suaeda maritima, Amaran- thaceae). Se ofrece tanto la lista de las especies de Melanotrichus conocidas de Japón y áreas próximas (Península Coreana y Taiwán) como una clave para las especies de Japón. También se discute la posición sistemática del género dentro de la tribu Orthotylini. Palabras clave: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Melanotrichus, especies nuevas, Japón, halófitos. Laburpena Melanotrichus generoko bi espezie berri Japoniaren hegomendebaldeko halofitoetakoak (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Mirido ortotilinoen Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875 generoaren Japoniako espezieak birsailkatzen dira. Bi espezie berri deskribatzen dira genero honetan, Hyogo Prefekturako ibai-estuario mixohalino baten halofitoak habitatzen dituztenak: M. fukudo n. sp. (Artemisia fukudorekin lotuta, Asteraceae) eta M. halimus n. sp. (Suaeda maritimarekin, Amaranthaceae). Japoniako zein hurbileko zonaldeetako (Korear Penintsula eta Taiwan) Melanotrichus generoaren espezie ezagunen zerrenda ematen da, bai eta Japoniako espezieetarako klabe bat ere. Halaber, genero honen Orthotylini tribuaren barruko kokapen sistematikoa eztabaidatzen da. Gako-hitzak: Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Melanotrichus, espezie berriak, Japonia, halofitoak. 2 YASUNAGA, SHISHIDO: Two new species of Melanotrichus from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae) Introduction concentration (Kim et al., 2008). A halophilic flora dominated by vulnerable halophytes, Artemisia fukudo Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875 is one of the most speciose Makino (Asteraceae) (Fig. 1b) and Suaeda maritima (L.) genera within the plant bug subfamily Orthotylinae, Dumort (Amaranthaceae) (Fig. 1c), narrowly remains composed of more than 70 valid species spread over at the collecting site.Three additional species were the Holarctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions collected and observed by the first author: M. choii (Schuh, 2002-2013; Yasunaga and Duwal, 2017; Au- (Josifov, 1976) and M. parvulus (Reuter, 1879) were kema, 2018). The majority of members are known to captured at west coast of Korea in Sep, 1998 (from be associated with Amaranthaceae herbs, and some Suaeda maritima, Salicornia europaea) (Fig. 1d), and species are restricted to halophilic goosefoots, such M. thaimaritimus at several sites (Bangkok, Chon Buri, as Salicornia, Salsola or Suaeda spp., grown at coastal Samut Prakan) along the Gulf of Siam, Thailand in zones (cf. Wagner, 1974; Liu and Zheng, 2014). 2010-2014 (Suaeda maritima) (cf. Fig. 1e; Yasunaga and However, these halophytes are presently endangered Duwal, 2017). or already extirpated in quite a few maritime areas in Approximately 450 dry-preserved specimens of six Japan, having been seriously degraded by reclamation, Asian congeners of Melanotrichus were examined. concrete seawalls, and/or pollution (cf. Shishido and The specimens examined in this study are deposited Yasunaga, 2016; Yasunaga et al., 2018). Therefore, the in the following collections: halophyte-inhabiting plant bugs are considered as AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, valuable bioindicators for assessing the quality of the New York, USA. littoral environment. CNC: Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Based on hundreds of specimens collected from two Ontario, Canada. halophytes (Artemisia fukudo and Suaeda maritima, both designated officially as vulnerable species) by the NIAES: Division of Informatics and Inventory, second author at Motokawa River estuary, Hyogo, Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences Japan, we provisionally reported two orthotyline spe- (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. cies, Melanotrichus choii (Josifov, 1976) and M. parvulus OMO: Otaru Museum, Otaru, Japan. (Reuter, 1879), as endangered mirid species (Shishido SCH: T. Shishido collection, Hyogo, Japan. and Yasunaga, 2016). However, our recent reassess- TYCN: T. Yasunaga collection, Nagasaki, Japan. ment of their morphological characters and host association confirmed that these doubtlessly represent Matrix code labels, which uniquely identify each two undescribed species. specimen and are referred to as «unique specimen In the present paper, two new species are described, identifier» (USI), are attached to the holotypes and namely M. fukudo n. sp. (inhabiting Artemisia fukudo) some representative specimens.The USI codes (e.g. and M. halimus n. sp. (Suaeda maritima). The immature AMNH_PBI 0012345) comprise an institution and forms are also documented briefly, with their con- project code (AMNH_PBI) and a unique number firmed host association and habitat preferences, for (0012345). These data were digitized on the Arthropod both species. A checklist of Melanotrichus species Easy Capture (formerly the Planetary Biodiversity known from Japan and adjacent areas as well as a key to Inventory) database maintained by the American Japanese species are provided. The systematic position Museum of Natural History, New York, USA of the genus in the tribe Orthotylini is also discussed. (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/) and are also search- able (by species name) on «Heteroptera Species Pages» (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/heteroptera- speciespage/). Material and methods Terminology mainly follows Yasunaga (1999) and Ya- sunaga and Duwal (2017) which treated Asian Melano- Field investigation to collect and observe two unde- trichus fauna; terminology for the genitalic structures scribed species was performed by the second author employed by Schwartz (2011) is also included. Only (mostly in Sep-Oct, 2014) at a Motokawa River estu- selected references are cited for known taxa, as more ary in Hyogo Prefecture (34º46’38’’N 134º34’08’’E), than a few comprehensive catalogs are now available facing the Seto Inland Sea (Setonaikai) which lies (Henry and Wheeler, 1988; Schuh, 1995; Kerzhner between the Japanese main islands of Honshu, Shi- and Josifov, 1999; Schuh, 2002-2013; Aukema et al., koku and Kyushu (Fig. 1a), with 28-34‰ salinity 2013; Aukema, 2018). Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. (2020) 20(1): 1-20 3 (a) (f) (c) (b) (d) (e) FIGURE 1. Typical habitats and host plants of some Asian halophilic Melanotrichus spp.: (a) Habitat for two new species, M. fukudo n. sp. and M. halimus n. sp. at estuary of Motokawa River, Hyogo, Japan; (b) Community of Artemisia fukudo and Suaeda maritima (left) at water margin; (c) Suaeda maritima; (d) Vegetation of halophytes, Salicornia europaea L. and Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort, at Gyonggi Bay, Korea (37.155, 126.690); (e) Suaeda maritima community at Bang Saen coast, Chon Buri, Thailand (13.3031, 100.9190; March 2010), which is now threatened by recent residential land development; (f) Example of reclamation that nearly exterminated halophytes in Isahaya City, Nagasaki Prefecture, SW Japan. Scanning Electron Micrographs were taken with a All measurements are given in millimeters; for some Hitachi Tabletop Microscope® TM3030; the genitalic of the SEM images, scale bars are shown in micro- structures were also observed using a Nikon Eclipse meters (µm). Ci upright microscope, with a photophase unit. 4 YASUNAGA, SHISHIDO: Two new species of Melanotrichus from Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae) Taxonomy vertex; small-sized male parameres; simple endosoma, cf. Fig. 5c; narrow interramal lobe, cf. Fig. 11a-i; and distinctly serrate ovipositor, cf. Figs. 6k, e, g, i, 11k-o). Genus Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875 In addition, halophyte specialists are unique to Mela- Melanotrichus Reuter, 1875: 151 (n. subgen. of Orthotylus notrichus members in the tribe Orthotylini; for in- Fieber, 1858), type species by subsequent designation stance, ten species are known to be associated with (Kirkaldy, 1906: 127): Phytocoris flavosparsus C.R. Sahlberg, Suaeda goosefoots (Henry, 1991; Schuh, 2002-2013). 1841; Schuh, 1995: 148 (cat.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: The majority of Orthotylus (s. str.) species are arboreal, 255 (cat.); Yasunaga, 1999: 155 (diag.); Yasunaga et al., predominantly found on deciduous broadleaf
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