The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers Folio No: TCL.015 Folio Title: Correspondence (1947, 1951-60) Content Description: Papers of the First National Convention (23 Aug 1953), Third National Convention (14 Feb 1954), UMNO Emergency General Assembly (14 Apr 1954); correspondence relating to the Emergency, the death of Sir Henry Gurney, reorganization of the MCA, activities of MCA branches and committees, Alliance election success in Perak, Singapore Constitutional Commission, award of SMN, etc. ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS TCL.015.001- Undated 3 cards. Digitized Open 003 TCL.015.004- Undated Fragments of letters. Omitted from filming. Digitized Open 007 TCL.015.008 Undated Speech re: the MCA. Badly damaged. Digitized Open "Broadcast by Sir Cheng-Lock Tan to the American TCL.015.009 Undated Digitized Open Public". Reprinted in TCL.026.014. "Ways in Which the Public Can Help to End the TCL.015.010 Undated Digitized Open Emergency". TCL.015.011- Undated Ms Miscellaneous notes. Digitized Open 012 TCL.015.013 Undated Notes re: Home Guards and Chinese Affairs Officers. Digitized Open Letter in Chinese to Tunku through TCL. Text TCL.015.014 Undated Digitized Open somewhat garbled. Correspondence and papers pertaining to TCL.015.015- distribution of TCL's Malayan Problems: From a 1947 - 1951 Digitized Open 047 Chinese Point of View. Singapore, 1947. Many of the documents are badly damaged. TCL's speech at the inaugural meeting of MCA Malacca Branch. Reprinted from the Straits Echo & TCL.015.048 12/3/1949 Digitized Open Times of Malaya. See also TCL.026.006-006a and TCL.026.020. 1 of 17 The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Proceedings of the 2nd annual general meeting of TCL.015.049- 20/7/1951 the Cheng Hoon Teng Temple. 2 copies. See also Digitized Open 049a TCL.026.012. Notice of the 14th meeting of the MCA Working TCL.015.050 16/9/1951 Digitized Open Committee. TCL.015.051 16/9/1951 Minutes of the above meeting. Damaged. Digitized Open TCL.015.051a Undated TCL's notes for above. Digitized Open TCL.015.051b-c Undated TCL's notes for above. 2 copies. Digitized Open Letter from Sir Henry Gurney inviting TCL and TCL.015.051d 5/10/1951 Digitized Open colleagues to a meeting. Notice of an MCA Reorganization Committee TCL.015.052 6/11/1951 Digitized Open meeting. Letter to Yap Mau Tatt enclosing letter to Yong TCL.015.052a 6/11/1951 Shook Lin re: interview with Oliver Lyttleton, Digitized Open Secretary of State for the Colonies. Letter to Yong Shook Lin enclosing memorandum on TCL.015.052b 10/11/1951 Digitized Open MCA reorganization. Letter to E. Newton, USIS, re: USIS assistance to MCA TCL.015.053 20/9/1951 Digitized Open publicity programme. Damaged. TCL.015.053a Undated Notes re: MCA publicity. Digitized Open TCL.015.053b 4/10/1951 Typed copy of the above. Digitized Open Letter from a member of the Negri Sembilan Branch, TCL.015.054 29/9/1951 Digitized Open re: organization of MCA. Signature illegible. TCL.015.055 2/10/1951 Memorandum by Ho Pao Jin on the role of the MCA. Digitized Open TCL.015.055a Undated Retyped copy of above. Digitized Open 2 of 17 The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS TCL.015.056 4/10/1951 List of 16 MCA members. Digitized Open Letter, probably to above members, re: a meeting TCL.015.056a 4/10/1951 with Gurney on 28 Oct 1951 at King's House. See Digitized Open also TCL.009.032-032b. Letter to the same, confirming above meeting in spite of Gurney's death but with Malcolm TCL.015.056b 19/10/1951 Digitized Open MacDonald instead, and arranging pre-meeting in Singapore or Kuala Lumpur. TCL.015.056c 19/10/1951 Letter to Yong Shook Lin re: the same. Digitized Open TCL.015.056d Undated Duplicate copy of TCL.015.055a. Digitized Open Text of a telegram of condolence sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies re: Gurney's TCL.015.057 Undated Digitized Open death and re-affirming the loyalty of Malayan Chinese. Letter from Michael Hogan, Officer Administering TCL.015.058 12/10/1951 Digitized Open the Government, thanking TCL for the above. Letter from Hogan transmitting reply from the TCL.015.058a 12/10/1951 Digitized Open Secretary of State. Typed copy of "A note in the handwriting of the late Sir Henry Gurney recently found among his private TCL.015.059 19/11/1951 papers and known to have been written two days Digitized Open before his death". See also TCL.024.004 and TCL.026.007. Letter from R.P. Bingham, Secretary for Chinese TCL.015.060 13/10/1951 Affairs, confirming meeting at King's House on 28 Digitized Open Oct 1951. "Memorandum on the Organization of the MCA", by TCL.015.061 28/10/1951 Digitized Open TCL. See also TCL.014.034. TCL.015.062 31/10/1951 Letter to Hogan replying to TCL.015.058a. Digitized Open 3 of 17 The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Notice of an MCA Reorganization Standing TCL.015.063 31/10/1951 Digitized Open Committee meeting. TCL.015.064 23/11/1951 Letter from Leong Yew Koh re: MCA matters. Digitized Open Letter from Leong Yew Koh re: MCA and its role in TCL.015.064a 15/10/1951 Digitized Open the Emergency. Badly damaged. Unsigned letter from Leong Yew Koh to Khoo Teik TCL.015.064b 14/10/1951 Ee, Chairman, MCA Sweeps Committee re: members' Digitized Open expenses. Badly damaged. Letter probably by TCL to Officer Administering the TCL.015.064c 15/11/1951 Government re: use of Chinese forces in the Digitized Open Emergency. Badly damaged. TCL.015.064d 20/10/1951 Letter to Leong Yew Koh replying to TCL.015.064a. Digitized Open Letter from Leong Yew Koh re: Federation of Malaya TCL.015.064e 22/9/1951 Digitized Open Agreement and the rule of law. "The Reorganization of the Malayan Chinese TCL.015.065 13/1/1952 Association, 1952", by TCL. See also TCL.005.243- Digitized Open 243g, TCL.011.011c-d and TCL.020.026. Translation of an anonymous letter from a member TCL.015.066 25/1/1953 Digitized Open re: role of MCA. Notice of an extraordinary general meeting of the TCL.015.067 5/2/1953 Digitized Open Cheng Hoon Teng Temple. Letter from Wong Shee Fun, President, MCA Johor TCL.015.068 6/6/1953 Branch, to the Hon. Secretary-General, MCA, re: Digitized Open welfare grants with lists of applications. Letter from Mohd. bin Abdul Rahman to the Hon. TCL.015.069 26/10/1953 Secretary-General, MCA, reporting on work of MCA- Digitized Open UMNO Liaison Committees. Incomplete. TCL.015.070 Undated Proposed agenda. Digitized Open 4 of 17 The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS TCL.015.070a Undated Unknown Draft resolutions. Digitized Open TCL.015.071 Undated Proposed agenda a fuller version. Digitized Open TCL.015.072 Undated Extract from some minutes re: agenda. Digitized Open TCL.015.073 Undated List of participants. Digitized Open TCL.015.074 Undated Agenda. In Malay and Chinese. Digitized Open Rules and orders of the National Convention. In TCL.015.075 Undated Digitized Open English and Malay. Opening address by Tunku Abdul Rahman. In Malay, TCL.015.076 Undated Digitized Open English and Chinese. Speech by Ismail bin Abdul Rahman. In Malay, TCL.015.077 Undated Digitized Open English and Chinese. Speech by Dato' Abdul Razak bin Hussein. In Malay, TCL.015.078 Undated Digitized Open English and Chinese. TCL.015.079 Undated Speech by H.S. Lee. In Malay, English and Chinese. Digitized Open Letter by Leong Yew Koh to Chief Executive TCL.015.080 27/10/1953 Digitized Open Secretary, MCA, re: MCA matters. Badly damaged. TCL.015.081 Undated Envelope of letter from K.H. Hwang. Digitized Open Letter from John C. Wong enclosing a press cutting TCL.015.081a 29/10/1953 of his talk on Malayan political trends to a Rotary Digitized Open Club in the USA. TCL.015.081b 24/10/1953 Press cutting. Digitized Open TCL.015.081c 13/11/1953 Letter to John C. Wong replying to TCL.015.081a. Digitized Open Letter from S.A.E. Hogan-Shaidali asking for TCL.015.081d 4/9/1953 Digitized Open information re: MCA. 5 of 17 The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS TCL.015.081e 13/11/1953 Reply to Hogan-Shaidali's letter above. Digitized Open TCL.015.081f 21/11/1953 Letter from John C. Wong continuing TCL.015.081a. Digitized Open TCL.015.082 2/11/1953 Letter from T.H. Tan enclosing TCL.015.082a. Digitized Open Letter from F.P. Chatelain, Swiss Vice-Consul in TCL.015.082a 16/10/1953 Singapore, to Chief Executive Secretary, MCA, re: Digitized Open constitutional structure of Switzerland. Letter from R. Hoeppli, Swiss Consul in Singapore, re: TCL.015.082b 28/10/1953 Digitized Open Swiss nationality and enclosing TCL.015.082c. "The Fundamental Principles and Forms of TCL.015.082c Undated Representation of the People of the Swiss Digitized Open Confederation and the Swiss Cantons". Letter from T.H. Tan to Chatelain re: Swiss TCL.015.082d 23/10/1953 Digitized Open nationality.
Recommended publications
  • Educational Provision for Young Prisoners: to Realize Rights Or to Rehabilitate?
    EDUCATIONAL PROVISION FOR YOUNG PRISONERS: TO REALIZE RIGHTS OR TO REHABILITATE? A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Rosfizah Md Taib School of Law, Brunel University August 2012 Abstract This thesis examines the extent to which, and the reasons why, the government of Malaysia provides educational opportunities for children and young people who are being detained in the closed (penal) institutions on orders under section 91 (1) (f) and section 97 of the Child Act, 2001. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the driving factor(s) that motivate the government of Malaysia in formulating and implementing policy and law in regards to providing educational opportunities for such young people. The thesis, therefore, examines the conceptualization by the Malaysia Prisons Department of children‟s rights, particularly their rights to education and offender rehabilitation. Analysis reveals that, educational rights in Malaysia have such priority because education is seen generally as the way to socialize (all) young people and to improve human capital and economic potential in Malaysia. Consequently, rehabilitation in Malaysian penal institutions is conceptualized almost entirely as education. The thesis argues that the Malaysian government has been using children‟s rights to education and also offender rehabilitation to improve the process of socialization of young people in prisons institutions to enable them to contribute to the achievement of the national goals. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To My Beloved Late Parents, MD. TAIB JOHAN and MAIMUNAH AYOB, for Everything My Husband, ZULKIFLI YAHYA for All the Truly Love My only Son, AHMAD NABHAN HARRAZ ZULKIFLI for All the Sacrifices and Understanding My Dear Supervisor, Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Libraries in West Malaysia and Singapore; a Short History
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 059 722 LI 003 461 AUTHOR Tee Edward Lim Huck TITLE Lib aries in West Malaysia and Slngap- e; A Sh History. INSTITUTION Malaya Univ., Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). PUB DATE 70 NOTE 169p.;(210 References) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Foreign Countries; History; *Libraries; Library Planning; *Library Services; Library Surveys IDENTIFIERS *Library Development; Singapore; West Malaysia ABSTRACT An attempt is made to trace the history of every major library in Malay and Singapore. Social and recreational club libraries are not included, and school libraries are not extensively covered. Although it is possible to trace the history of Malaysia's libraries back to the first millenium of the Christian era, there are few written records pre-dating World War II. The lack of documentation on the early periods of library history creates an emphasis on developments in the modern period. This is not out of order since it is only recently that libraries in West Malaysia and Singapore have been recognized as one of the important media of mass education. Lack of funds, failure to recognize the importance of libraries, and problems caused by the federal structure of gc,vernment are blamed for this delay in development. Hinderances to future development are the lack of trained librarians, problems of having to provide material in several different languages, and the lack of national bibliographies, union catalogs and lists of serials. (SJ) (NJ (NJ LIBR ARIES IN WEST MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE f=t a short history Edward Lirn Huck Tee B.A.HONS (MALAYA), F.L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Debates
    Volume II Friday No. 51 25th March, 1966 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) OFFICIAL REPORT SECOND SESSION OF THE SECOND PARLIAMENT OF MALAYSIA CONTENTS ORAL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS [Col. 7173] ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE UNDER S.O. 18-Alleged Leakage of Information from the Lord Presid1>nt's Department by the Prime Minister [Col. 7187] BREACH OF PRIVILEGE BY THE HONOURABLE DATO' S. P. SEENIVASAGAM (MENGLEMBU)-Complaint by Dato' Dr Ismail bin Dato' Haji Abdul Rahman [Col. 7189] BREACH OF PRIVILEGE BY THE HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER- Complaint by the Honourable Enche' D. R. Seenivasagam (lpohl LCol. 711J3J EXEMPTED BUSINESS (Motion) [Col. 7193] ADJOURNMENT SINE DIE (Motion) [Col. 7195] BILLS: The Education Amendment Bill !Col. 7195] The Medical Registration (Amendment) Bill [Col. 7214] The Companies (Amendment) Bill [Col. 7236) The Federation of Malaya Rubber Exchange (Incorporation) (Amendment) Bill !Col. 72381 The Rubber Export Registration Bill [Col. 7243) The Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) Bill [Col. 7249] The Workers (Minimum Standards of Housing) Bill [Col. 72721 The Children and Young Persons (Employment) Bill [Col. 7287) The National Rehabilitation and Consolidation Authority (Amendment) Bill !Col. 72931 The Family Planning Bill [Col. 7294) MOTION: Report by the Election Commission to the Prime Minister, Malaysia (Delimitation of Constituencies (Sabah) Order, 1966) [Col. 7302] Dl·CHETAK Dl·JABATAN CHETAK KERAJAAN OLEH THOR BENG CHONG, A.M.N., PENCHETAK KERAJAAN KUALA LUMPUR 1967 MALAYSIA DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Official Report Second Session of the Second Dewan Ra'ayat Friday, 25th March, 1966 The House met at 9.30 o'clock a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers
    The Tan Cheng Lock Private Papers Folio No: TCL.003 Folio Title: Correspondence (1940, 1943-60) Content Description: Correspondence relating to the Oversea-Chinese Association, post-war reconstruction of Malaya, Malayan Chinese League, All-Malaya National Congress, Sino-British co- operation, the Emergency, formation of the MCA Singapore Branch, TCL's Perak tour and grenade accident, the position of the Chinese, resignation of Dato' Onn as Mentri Besar of Johor, reorganization of the MCA, UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance, Alliance platform papers, TCL honoured by the Sultan of Johor, TCL acting as Officer Administering the Government of Malacca, etc. ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Letter from B. Bruntor assuring TCL of his help in the TCL.003.001 Undated Digitized Open settlement of squatters. Letter to L.J. Knight, Chief Police Officer, Johor, TCL.003.002 Undated Digitized Open concerning some earlier discussions in Singapore. TCL.003.003 Undated List of names of a certain committee. Digitized Open Telegram to Sarangapany expressing regret at not TCL.003.004 Undated Digitized Open being able to accept something. Letter from Lie Kian Kiem, Pusat Persatuan Tionghoa, TCL.003.005 Undated Jakarta, requesting an article for a magazine. In Digitized Open Bahasa Indonesia. Press cutting on the Emergency in Malaya by TCL.003.006 Undated Timothy Y. Lee, Ta Kung Pao. In Chinese. Badly Digitized Open Damaged. Press Cutting on immigrants in Malaya by Timothy Y. TCL.003.007 Undated Digitized Open Lee, Ta Kung Pao. In Chinese. Badly damaged. Last 2 pages of an unsigned letter re: Chinese TCL.003.008 Undated Digitized Open economic position in Malaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Debates
    Volume ID Tuesday No.2 2nd May, 1961 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN NEGARA (SENATE) OFFICIAL REPORT CONTENTS MOTIONS: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Spee~h-Address of Thauks [Col. 143] Committee of Sele~tion [Col. 169] The Revised Edition of the Laws Ordinan~e, 1959-Draft Order, 1961 [Col. 170] BILLS: The Penal Code (Amendment) Bill [Col. 150] The Criminal Pro~ednre Codes (Amendment) BUI [Col. 152] The Eledions Often~es (Amendment) Bill {Col. 154] The Corrosive and Explosive Substan~es and Offensive Weapons (Amendment) Bill [Col. 156] The Loan (International Tin Butler Stock) Bill [Col. 158] The Loan (Lo~al) Bill [Col. 161) The Lo~al Government Ele~tions (Amendment) BUI [Col. 163) The Life Assurance Companies (Amendment) Bill [Col. 165] ADJOURNMENT SINE DIE {Col. 171) Dl•CHETAK Dl-JABATAN CHETAK KER.UAAN OLEH THOR BENG CHONG, PEMANGKU PENCHETAK KER.UAAN PERSEKUTUAN TANAH MELAYU 1962 FEDERATION OF MALAY A DEWAN NEGARA (SENATE) · Official Report Vol. III Third Session of the First Dewan Negara No.2 Tuesday, 2nd May, 1961 The Senate met at Ten o'clock a.m. PRESENT: The Honourable Mr. President (DATO' HAn ABDUL RAHMAN BIN MOHAMED YASIN) S.P.M.J., P.I,S., J.P. (Johore). the Minister of Justice (TuN LEONG YEW KoH, S.M.N.) " (Appointed). TuAN HAJI ABBAS BIN HAJI MoHAMED (Trengganu). " ENCHE' ABDUL HAMID BIN MAHMUD, J.M.N. (Appointed). " ENCHE' AHMAD BIN SAID, A.M.N. (Perak). " ENCHE' ABDULLAH BIN ISHAK (Pedis). " ENCHE' ABDUL WAHAB BIN IDUS, P.J.K. (Negri Sembilan). " ENCHE' AMALUDDIN BIN DARUS (Kelantan). " ENCHE' CHAN KWONG HoN, A.M.N., J.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Responses to Malay Hegemony in Peninsular
    KyotoKyotoUniversity University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3, December 1996 Chinese Responses to Malay Hegemony in Peninsular Malaysia 1957-96 HENG Pek Koon' Owing to their status as an irnmigrant minority community, the political, social ancl economic life of Chinese in Peninsular Malaysia (known as Malaya in the period before 1963) has inevitably been shaped by initiatives emanating from the dominant Malay community. According to the latest census figures released in 1995, Chinese form 29.4% of the population in Peninsular Malaysia compared to 57.4% for Malays and 9,5% fer Indians [Government of Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia 1995: Vol.1, 40]. This paper examine$ the impact oi Malay hegemony, which emerged with independenee in 1957, on Chinese political and economic life. The interplay of Malay ascendance and Chinese responses over the last four decades has undergone three distinct phases: (1) 1957-69 Alliance coalition rule; (2) 1970-90 National Front (Barisan Nasional) coalition rule and implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP); (3) 1991-present implementation of the National Development Policy (NDP). During the first phase, Chinese experienced meaningful political participation and made significant economic gain$. The second phase saw concentration of power in the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), a eoncerted implementation of Malay affirmative action policies, and a concomitant m'arginalization of Chinese political activity. In the current phase, NDP "Vision policies, shaped by the objectives of Prime Minister Mohamad Mahathir's 2020," have produced a political and economic climate more conducive to Chinese interests. Befere turning to a discussion of Chinese and economic activities in the country, I political "Malayness" would like to first consider the manner in whieh the three core ethnic identifiers of bahasa, agama, 7zlj'a (language, religion and royalty) have been utilized by the Malay political leadership in public policies to reflect Malay hegemonic status in the Malaysian polity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Education Movement in Malaysia
    INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL MOBILIZATION: THE CHINESE EDUCATION MOVEMENT IN MALAYSIA ANG MING CHEE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 i 2011 ANG MING CHEE CHEE ANG MING SOCIAL MOBILIZATION:SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THE CHINESE EDUCATION CHINESE MOVEMENT INTHE MALAYSIA ii INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL MOBILIZATION: THE CHINESE EDUCATION MOVEMENT IN MALAYSIA ANG MING CHEE (MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, SWEDEN) (BACHELOR OF COMMUNICATION (HONOURS), UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor, Associate Professor Jamie Seth Davidson, for his enduring support that has helped me overcome many challenges during my candidacy. His critical supervision and brilliant suggestions have helped me to mature in my academic thinking and writing skills. Most importantly, his understanding of my medical condition and readiness to lend a hand warmed my heart beyond words. I also thank my thesis committee members, Associate Professor Hussin Mutalib and Associate Professor Goh Beng Lan for their valuable feedback on my thesis drafts. I would like to thank the National University of Singapore for providing the research scholarship that enabled me to concentrate on my thesis as a full-time doctorate student in the past four years. In particular, I would also like to thank the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences for partially supporting my fieldwork expenses and the Faculty Research Cluster for allocating the precious working space. My appreciation also goes to members of my department, especially the administrative staff, for their patience and attentive assistance in facilitating various secretarial works.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Underlying Factors That Affected Malaysia-Singapore Relations During the Mahathir Era: Discords and Continuity
    An Analysis of the Underlying Factors That Affected Malaysia-Singapore Relations During the Mahathir Era: Discords and Continuity Rusdi Omar Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Discipline of Politics and International Studies School of History and Politics Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences The University of Adelaide May 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS i ABSTRACT v DECLARATION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ix GLOSSARY xii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Introductory Background 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem 3 1.3. Research Aims and Objectives 5 1.4. Scope and Limitation 6 1.5. Literature Review 7 1.6. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework 17 1.7. Research Methodology 25 1.8. Significance of Study 26 1.9. Thesis Organization 27 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MALAYSIA-SINGAPORE RELATIONS 30 2.1. Introduction 30 2.2. The Historical Background of Malaysia 32 2.3. The Historical Background of Singapore 34 2.4. The Period of British Colonial Rule 38 i 2.4.1. Malayan Union 40 2.4.2. Federation of Malaya 43 2.4.3. Independence for Malaya 45 2.4.4. Autonomy for Singapore 48 2.5. Singapore’s Inclusion in the Malaysian Federation (1963-1965) 51 2.6. The Period after Singapore’s Separation from Malaysia 60 2.6.1. Tunku Abdul Rahman’s Era 63 2.6.2 Tun Abdul Razak’s Era 68 2.6.3. Tun Hussein Onn’s Era 76 2.7. Conclusion 81 3 CONTENTIOUS ISSUES IN MALAYSIA-SINGAPORE RELATIONS 83 3.1. Introduction to the Issues Affecting Relations Between Malaysia and Singapore 83 3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tan Cheng Lock (5 April 1883 – 13 December 1960) –Businessman/Politician
    Biographical Notes Tan Cheng Lock (5 April 1883 – 13 December 1960) –Businessman/politician Tan Cheng Lock was born on 5 April 1883 into a rich and prominent Straits Chinese family in Malacca. He received his education at the Malacca High School and completed his Cambridge Certificate at Singapore’s Raffles Institution (RI). In 1902, he became an English and Literature teacher at RI after giving up his plan to read law in the United Kingdom following his failure to secure a Queen’s Scholarship.1 In 1908, Tan returned to Malacca in 1908 to work as assistant manager at a rubber estate.2 He successfully worked his way up and made a fortune in the rubber industry.3 Subsequently, he became the director of more than 20 rubber and industrial companies, including the Malaka Pinda Rubber Estates Limited, the United Malacca Rubber Estates Limited, the Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation, Sime Darby and Company Limited, and the Malaya Tribune Press Limited.4 In 1913, Tan married Yeo Yoke Neo and had five children – four daughters and a son. His son, Tan Siew Sin, went on to become independent Malaya’s finance minister.5 Tan was active in public life. In 1912, he was appointed a Justice of Peace, and in the following year, municipal commissioner for Malacca, a position he held up to 1922.6 As municipal commissioner, he championed the needs of Malaccan residents, regardless of ethnic group, economic and social class.7 Tan was a member of various business and social organisations, and government committees in Malacca.8 In 1915, he helped re-start the
    [Show full text]
  • From Plural Society to Bangsa Malaysia: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Politics of Nation-Building in Malaysia
    FROM PLURAL SOCIETY TO BANGSA MALAYSIA: ETHNICITY AND NATIONALISM IN THE POLITICS OF NATION-BUILDING IN MALAYSIA Mohamed Mustafa Bin Ishak Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Department of Sociology and Social Policy & Department of Politics July 1999 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. i From plural society to Ban gsa Malaysia: Ethnicity and nationalism in the politics of nation-building in Malaysia Doctor of Philosophy July 1999 ABSTRACT The question of nation-building has always been a central issue in Malaysian politics. Whilst the country has been able to sustain a relatively stable politics since the 1969 tragedy, and hence spawn a rapid economic development (at least until the 1997 Asian economic crisis), the project of nation-building remained a basic national agenda yet to be fully resolved. This study investigates the delicate process of nation-building in Malaysia in the post 1970s, especially in the context of the vision of constructing the Bangsa Malaysia or 'a united Malaysian nation' enshrined in Mahathir's Vision 2020 project which was introduced in 1991. The aim of the study is firstly, to examine the underlying socio-political parameters that shaped and influenced the politics of nation-building in the country, and secondly, to explore the viability of the project of Bangsa Malaysia in the context of the daunting challenges involved in the process of nation-building. Drawing from a range of theoretical frameworks as well as from both primary and secondary data, the study contends that, based on the Malaysian experience, the potent interplay between the forces of ethnicity and nationalism constitute the crux of the problems in the politics of nation-building in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • UMNO Factionalism and the Politics of Malaysian National Identity
    UMNO Factionalism and The Politics Of Malaysian National Identity JAE HYON LEE This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2005 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. .................................. Abstract This thesis analyses UMNO factionalism from the perspective of the elite’s manipulation of the various modes of nationalisms. This thesis argues that UMNO factionalism, which is seemingly a power struggle between competing UMNO elites, has been significantly shaped by contesting nationalist ideologies that reflect the unresolved questions of national identity in Malaysia. These two issues, that is, nationalism and UMNO factionalism, have shaped Malaysian politics in significant ways. UMNO factionalism has been related to such major political events as the 1969 ethnic riots, the introduction of the New Economic Policy, the UMNO split in 1987 and the Reformasi (Reform) movement in 1998. Frequently, the impact of these disputes extended beyond UMNO politics and affected wider Malaysian politics. At the same time, due to unresolved questions of national identity, nationalism has occupied a central position in Malaysian political discourse. There are ambiguities regarding the relationships among the various ethnic identities and national identity and between the individual and the larger Malaysian community that enable elites to construct and manipulate nationalist ideologies. In this thesis, the conflicting nationalisms are captured by five different concepts of nationalism – ethnocultural, civic and multicultural nationalisms in one group and collectivist-authoritarian and individualistic-libertarian nationalisms in another.
    [Show full text]
  • Pick Leaders Who Care for the Nation, Says Pm
    05 OCT 1996 Mahathir-Gerakan PICK LEADERS WHO CARE FOR THE NATION, SAYS PM KUALA LUMPUR, Oct 5 (Bernama) -- Malaysia will continue to be stable and progressive if its people continue to choose leaders who are pragmatic, rational and moderate and who place the nation above all else, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad said today. He said leaders who gained popularity by only raising communal issues would not last long. "They do not think of the wider implications and consequences they cause, like the threat to racial harmony and stability in the country," he said when opening the 25th Gerakan national delegates' conference, here. Dr Mahathir, who is also the Barisan Nasional (BN) chairman and Umno president, also expressed his appreciation to former national leaders Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Tan Cheng Lock, Tun V.T. Sambanthan, Tun Abdul Razak, Tun Hussein Onn, Tun Tan Siew and Tan Sri V.Manickavasagam, who have all died. He said they served as good models for Malaysians who wanted to lead the country because they possessed leadership qualities easily accepted by the people of various races. "Actually, it is not easy to meet the needs of all the communities. But the government and BN leaders must be pragmatic and rational, we have to view racial issues from a wider perspective," he said. Dr Mahathir said BN leaders would consider racial issues that do not affect the national interest in the spirit of compromise and try to avoid bringing sensitive matters "in the open". However, BN would not "sweep the problems under the carpet" but once a decision was made, all BN parties must abide by it, he said.
    [Show full text]