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Biosystematics of Damselflies (Zygoptera: Odonata) of Pakistan

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Biosystematics of Damselflies (Zygoptera: Odonata) of Pakistan 1 BIOSYSTEMATICS OF DAMSELFLIES (ZYGOPTERA: ODONATA) OF PAKISTAN By AHMED ZIA 98-arid-889 A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENTOMOLOGY Department of Entomology Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi – Pakistan 2010 2 CERTIFICATION I hereby undertake that this research is an original one and no part of this thesis falls under plagiarism. If found otherwise, at any stage, I will be responsible for the consequences. Student’s Name: Ahmed Zia Signature:__________________ Registration No: 98-arid-889 Date: _____________________ Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled “Biosystematics of Damselflies (Zygoptera: Odonata) of Pakistan” submitted by Mr. Ahmed Zia have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. Supervisor: ________________________ (Dr. Muhammad Naeem) Member: __________________________ (Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam) Member: __________________________ (Dr. Ghazala Kaukab) Chairperson: _________________________ Dean: ______________________________ Director, Advanced Studies: ___________________ 3 PRAISE BE TO ALLAH, LORD OF WORLD. THE BENEFICIENT, THE MERCIFUL 4 5 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Prophet MUHAMMAD (SAWW) and to my 1‐1/2 year old cute little child, Syed Abeer Ahmed. 6 Disclaimer According to Article 8.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, description of new species i.e Indocnemis ahmedi provided in this dissertation is not issued for public and permanent scientific record or for purposes of zoological nomenclature 7 CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXXI ABSTRACT XXXIII 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. RIVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16 Superfamily Calopterygoidea 21 Family Calopterygidae Selys 21 Subfamily Calopteryginae 21 Genus Neurobasis Selys, 1853 21 1. N. chinensis chinensis Linnaeus, 1758 21 Family Cholorocyphiade Cowley 25 Genus Libellago Selys 25 1. Libellago lineata lineata Burmeister, 1839 28 2. Libellago greeni Laidlaw, 1924 33 Genus Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842 35 1. Rhinocypha Immaculata Selys, 1871 36 2. Rhinocypha unimaculata Selys, 1853 38 3. Rhinocypha hilarye Fraser, 1927 41 4. Rhinocypha trifasciata Selys, 1853 43 8 5. Rhinocypha quadrimaculata Selys, 1853 46 Family Euphaediae Selys 50 Genus Bayadera Selys, 1853 50 1. Bayadera indica Selys, 1853 50 2. Bayadera longicauda Fraser, 1928 53 Superfamily Coenagrionoidea 56 Family Coenagrionidae Kirby 61 Subfamily Coengarioninae 61 Genus Cercion Navas, 1907 61 1. Cercion calamorum dyeri Ris, 1916 61 Subfamily Agriocnemidinae 63 Genus Agriocnemis Selys 63 1. Agriocnemis dabreui Fraser, 1919 65 2. Agriocnemis nana Laidlaw, 1914 67 3. Agriocnemis pygmaea Rambur, 1842 69 4. Agriocnemis splendidissima Laidlaw, 1919 74 Subfamily Pseudagrioninae 77 Genus Ceriagrion Selys, 1876 79 1. Ceriagrion cerinorubellum Brauer, 1865 79 2. Ceriagrion coromandelianum Fabricius, 1798 82 Genus Pseudagrion Selys, 1876 88 1. Pseudagrion ceylanicum Kirby, 1891 89 2. Pseudagrion decorum Rambur, 1842 91 9 3. Pseudagrion hypermelas Selys, 1876 94 4. Pseudagrion laidlawi Fraser, 1922 97 5. Pseudagrion rubriceps Selys, 1876 100 6. Pseudagrion spencei Fraser, 1922 105 Subfamily Ischnurinae 108 Genus Aciagrion Selys, 1891 110 1. Aciagrion hisopa Selys, 1876 110 Genus Enallagma Charpentier, 1840 112 1. Enallagma cyathigerum Charpantier, 1840 113 2. Enallagma parvum Selys, 1876 116 Genus Ischnura Charpantier, 1840 118 1. Ischnura aurora Baruer, 1865 119 2. Ischnura elegans Vander Linden, 1820 125 3. Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907 130 4. Ischnura fountainei Morton, 1905 138 5. Ischnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 139 Genus Rhodischnura Laidlaw, 1919 143 1. Rhodischnura nursei Morton, 1907 143 Family Platcnemididae Tillyard 148 Subfamily Calicnemidinae 149 Genus Calicnemis Strand, 1928 151 1. Calicnemis eximia Selys, 1863 151 Genus Coeliccia Kirby, 1890 155 10 1. Coeliccia renifera Selys, 1886 156 2. Coeliccia vacca Laidlaw, 1932 159 Genus Indocnemis Laidlaw, 1917 163 1. Indocnemis ahmedi sp. nov. 163 Subfamily Platycnemidinae 170 Genus Copera Kirby, 1890 170 1. Copera ciliata Selys, 1863 171 2. Copera marginipes Rambur, 1842 172 Family Platystictidae Laidlaw 175 Subfamily Platystictinae 175 Genus Protosticta Selys, 1885 177 1. Protosticta hearseyi Fraser, 1922 177 Genus Drepanosticta Laidlaw, 1917 180 1. Drepanosticta polychromatica Fraser, 1931 180 Family Protoneuridae Tillyard 182 Subfamily Disparoneurinae 182 Genus Ellatoneura Cowley, 1935 182 1. Ellatoneura souteri Fraser, 1924 182 2. Ellatoneura atkinsoni Selys, 1886 188 3. Ellatoneura campioni Fraser, 1922 192 4. Ellatoneura nigerrima Laidlaw, 1935 196 Superfamily Lestoidea 199 Family Lestidae Calverd 199 11 Subfamily Lestinae 199 Genus Ceylonolestes Kennedy, 1920 202 1. Ceylonolestes cyanea Selys, 1930 202 Genus Lestes Leach, 1815 206 1. Lestes patricia Fraser, 1924 207 2. Lestes paremorsa praemorsa Selys, 1862 208 3. Lestes thoracicus Laidlaw, 1920 210 4. Lestes umbrinus Selys, 1892 213 5. Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 217 Family Chlorolestidae Pinhey 219 Subfamily Megalestinae 219 Genus Megalestes Selys, 1862 219 1. Megalestes major Selys, 1962 219 SUMMARY 235 Checklist of Damselflies (Zygoptera: Odonata) of Pakistan 238 LITERATURE CITED 243 12 LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. PAGE 4.1 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Neurobasis chinensis 22 4.2 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Neurobasis chinensis on time period basis 22 4.3 Distribution of Neurobasis chinensis in Punjab 23 4.4 Distribution of Neurobasis chinensis in N.W. F. P. 23 4.5 Distribution of Neurobasis chinensis in AJ&K 24 4.6 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Neurobasis chinensis collected from Punjab, N.W.F.P. and AJ&K. 24 4.7 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Libellago lineata lineata 30 4.8 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Libellago lineata lineata 30 on time period basis 4.9 Distribution of Libellago lineata lineata in Punjab 31 4.10 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Libellago greeni 34 4.11 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Libellago greeni on time period basis 35 4.12 Distribution of Libellago greeni in Punjab 35 4.13 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha immaculata 36 4.14 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha hilarye on time period basis 37 4.15 Distribution of Rhinocypha hilarye in AJ&K 37 4.16 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha unimaculata 38 4.17 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha unimaculata on time period basis 39 4.18 Distribution of Rhinocypha unimaculata in Punjab 39 4.19 Distribution of Rhinocypha unimaculata in N.W.F.P. 40 4.20 Distribution of Rhinocypha unimaculata in AJ&K 40 4.21 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Rhinocypha unimaculata collected from Punjab, N.W.F.P. and AJ&K 41 13 4.22 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha hilarye 41 4.23 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha hilarye on time period basis 42 4.24 Distribution of Rhinocypha hilarye inAJ&K 42 4.25 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha trifasciata 43 4.26 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha trifasciata on time period basis 44 4.27 Distribution of Rhinocypha trifasciata in Punjab 44 4.28 Distribution of Rhinocypha trifasciata in N.W.F.P. 45 4.29 Distribution of Rhinocypha trifasciata in AJ&K 45 4.30 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Rhinocypha trifasciata collected from Punjab, N.W.F.P. and AJ&K 46 4.31 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha quadrimaculata 47 4.32 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Rhinocypha quadrimaculata on time period basis 47 4.33 Distribution of Rhinocypha quadrimaculata in Punjab 48 4.34 Distribution of Rhinocypha quadrimaculata in AJ&K 48 4.35 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Rhinocypha quadrimaculata collected from Punjab and AJ&K 49 4.36 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Bayadera indica 50 4.37 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Bayadera indica on time period basis 51 4.38 Distribution of Bayadera indica in Punjab 51 4.39 Distribution of Bayadera indica in N.W.F.P. 52 4.40 Distribution of Bayadera indica in AJ&K 52 4.41 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Bayadera indica collected from Punjab, N.W.F.P. and AJ&K 53 4.42 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Bayadera longicauda 54 4.43 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Bayadera longicauda on time period basis 54 14 4.44 Distribution of Bayadera longicauda in Punjab 55 4.45 Distribution of Bayadera longicauda in AJ&K 55 4.46 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Bayadera longicauda collected from Punjab and AJ&K 56 4.47 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Cercion calamorum dyeri 62 4.48 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Cercion calamorum dyeri on time period basis 62 4.49 Distribution of Cercion calamorum dyeri in Punjab 63 4.50 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Agriocnemis dabreui 65 4.51 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Agriocnemis dabreui on time period basis 65 4.52 Distribution of Agriocnemis dabreui in Punjab 66 4.53 Distribution of Agriocnemis dabreui in N.W.F.P. 66 4.54 Distribution of Agriocnemis dabreui in AJ&K 67 4.55 Comparison of abdomen and wings length among specimens of Agriocnemis dabreui collected from Punjab, N.W.F.P. and AJ&K 67 4.56 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Agriocnemis nana 68 4.57 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Agriocnemis nana on time period basis 68 4.58 Distribution of Agriocnemis nana in Punjab 69 4.59 Measurement of abdomen and wings length of Agriocnemis pygmaea 69 4.60 Comparison of abdomen and wings length of Agriocnemis pygmaea on time period basis 70 4.61 Distribution of Agriocnemis pygmaea in Punjab 70 4.62 Distribution of Agriocnemis pygmaea in N.W.F.P.
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