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Diversity and Distribution of Odonata in University Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesian

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Diversity and Distribution of Odonata in University Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesian INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 05, MAY 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 Diversity And Distribution Of Odonata In University Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesian Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar, Darma Bakti Abstract: A total of nine stations randomly selected study sites around the University Sumatera Utara area conducted during a month (16 January 2016 until 16 February 2016) for identified of Odonata. Odonata are insect which function as bioindicator and conservation of an environment status in the area. The sampled were collected using a sweep net (400 μm mesh, 60 cm x 90 cm) with six times the swing starts at 0900 until 1200 noon hour and identified in the laboratory. Consist of two sub-orders, 4 families, 24 genera, 32 species and 156 individuals identified dragonfly. Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens and Agriocnemis femina are the kinds of dragonflies dominant, while two types of Vestalis/Arethystira amoena and Tholymis aurora is found only in the Station 3. As much as 54% relative abundance of family Coenagrionidae dominated, followed by Libellulidae (35%), Gomphidae (8%) and the smallest recorded from family Calopterygidae (35). The calculation of the value of the index is done, includes diversity Shannon, eveness and varied of Jaccard index (H'=2.48-3.79, E=0.70-0.85, CJ=0.45 to 1.00). Based on the conservation status, calculated the percentage of attendance dragonfly, divided into four groups of species that are rare (6.28%), there are species (54.24%), many species (24.78%) and very many species (14.70%). This study shows diversity and distribution of Odonata can used as potential as predators and conservation status of ecosystem University of Sumatera Utara areas. Keywords: Diversity, distribution, Odonata, USU, Medan, Indonesian ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Materials and Methods Odonata as one of the components of biological diversity plays Sampling was carried out from a month of Odonata collection an important role in the food web that is as herbivores, during 16 January 2016 until 16 February 2016. The sampling carnivores and detrivor (Strong et al., 1984). Odonata larvae location were determined into nine points of observation are predators in the aquatic food chain (Benke, 1982), while stations at randomly around the USU areas, comprised of the adult of Odonata as predators of pests of crops and Station 1 (Sport building area), Station 2 (forest education plantations (Kandibane et al., 2005). There are 5500 species area), Station 3 (Land exprimental of Agriculture area), Station of Odonata have been identified worldwide, with fifteen 4 (Libraries area), Station 5 (Faculty of Engineering area), families, consisting of ten families damselfly (sub-order Odonata adults were captured using a sweep net (400 μm Zygoptera) and five families of dragonflies (sub-order mesh, 60cm x 90cm) (Kandibane et al., 2005; Sharma and Anisoptera) (Orr, 2005). Life of Odonata in tropical regions are Joshi, 2007; Benazzouz et al., 2009) with six swing to collect very dependent on the temperature (Dingemanse and species/individual dragonflies between the hours of 0900 to Kalkman, 2008), dissolved oxygen, pH (Cynthia and Darell, 1200 noon hour. Specimens collected included insect boxes, 1992), the vegetation is heterogeneous, microhabitat pinned, and then in the paper collect the insect collection, and (Watanabe et al., 2004), the weather conditions are optimum then taken to the laboratory. Furthermore dragonfly insect (Corbet, 1980) and other environmental factors affect the pinned to the box, put in the oven and heated for 72 hours at a growth of dragonflies (Che Salmah et al., 2006; Siregar et al., temperature of 60°C, and then the dragonfly is ready put it into 2008, 2009). In natural habitats such as water (ponds, the box as preparations preserved dry. Identification of adult swamps, rivers, mangroves, lakes), forests, rice fields and Odonata done with a direct view visually in the field, was many other dragonflies were found. However, research on rare photographed with a digital camera or from specimens dragonfly environment of the University of Indonesia. Habitat preserved dried using Olympus CX41 microscope (Olympus unique and strategic role in the environment Odonata raises Tokyo, Japan). Identification adults used identification book curiosity about this fascinating winged insect. University such as Asahina (1976, 1979); Askew (1988); Chowdhury and Sumatra Utara as the University for Industry is seen as Hammand (1994); Fraser (1933, 1934, 1936); Kumar (1973 a, strategic to investigate the biodiversity of flora and fauna as a 1973b); Merrit and Cummins (2006); and Santi (1998). Data source of germplasm of life in the world of education and specimens of Odonata obtained recorded, made a brief research. As one of the largest state universities in Sumatra, description by observing morphological traits in the field and USU as a green campus assessed by multifunction in on the preservation of dry using books Orr (2003, 2005), then determiner, protect, and dissemination of information on the calculate the index of diversity Shannon (Magurran, 1988), the sustainability of biodiversity in support of sustainable diversity index Pilou (Magurran, 1988) , while the similarity development. Therefore, the initial research conducted around between habitats of species was measured using Jaccard USU to see where Odonata that will be associated with the index (Marguran, 1988). function and role in the ecosystem. __________________________ Results Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar, Departement Agroeco technology Faculty of Agriculture, Hp. +6282273017027, Email: 1. Species Diversity Of Odonata in USU Areas [email protected]. There are two sub-orders, 4 families, 24 genera, 32 species of Darma Bakti, Departement Agroeco technology Faculty of Odonata with a total of 156 individuals identified around in the Agriculture, Hp. +6281361317571, Email: green campus of University Sumatera Utara as shown in Table [email protected]. 1. Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens and Agriocnemis Station 6 (Auditorium area), Station 7 (Faculty of Nursing area), femina is the dominant types of dragonflies were recorded on Station 8 (Faculty of Art and Culture area) and Station 9 (Faculty each sampling stations, whereas the type Vestalis/Arethystira of Law area). 229 IJSTR©2016 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 05, MAY 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 amoena Tholymis aurora were only recorded at Stations 3. Gomphidae (8%), and only 3% of families Calopterygidae as Family Coenagrionida dominate (54%) of the families were shown in Figure 1. identified in the field, followed by Libelullidae family e (35%), Table 1. Diversities of Odonata in green campus of USU, Medan-Sumatera Utara Sub order/Family Name of species S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 Zygoptera Neurobasis chinensis 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Calopterygidae Vestalis/Arethystira amoena 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agriocnemis femina 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 A. pygmaea 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Argiocnemis rubescens 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Coenagrion calamineum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Coenagrionidae C. fluviatilis 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Ischnura senegalensis 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pseudagrion microcephalum 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 P. pruinosum 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 P. rubrices 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Anisoptera Burmagomphus plagiatus Gomphidia abbotti 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Gomphidae Ichtinogomphus decoratus 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Onychogomphus thienemanni 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 Aethriamanta gracilis 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Brachydiplax chalybea 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Bracythemis contaminata 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Crocothemis servilia 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 Diploides trivialis 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Hydrobaileus croceus 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Neurothemis fluctuans 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 N.ramburii 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Libellulidae N.terminata 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Orthetrum sabina 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 O.testaceum 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Pantala flavescens 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 Potamarcha congener 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Rhytonia plutonia 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Rhyothemis phyllis 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Tholymis aurora 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 T.tillarga 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Total (N) 22 24 30 23 23 20 17 17 18 Score of Families 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Score of Species 14 19 24 20 18 17 14 15 15 Note: S1 = Station 1 (Sports building area); S2 = Station 2 (Education forest area); Station 3 (Land experimental of Faculty of Agriculture area); Station 4 (Libraries area); Station 5 (Faculty of Engineering area); Station 6 (Auditorium area); Station 7 (Faculty of nursing area); Station 8 (Faculty of Art and Culture area); Station 9 (Faculty of Law area) at the University of North Sumatra (USU), Medan, North Sumatra. Recorded from - = No + = 1-19 individuals, ++ = 20-39 individuals, +++ = 40-59 individuals. Source: Primary Data (2011). Figure 1. Family percentage of Odonata composition in USU area, North of Sumatra 230 IJSTR©2016 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 05, MAY 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 2. The Biological Indices and Conservation Status of value of Jaccard index (Cj) index is between 0.56 to 1.00. Odonata Based on the conservation status of its presence Odonata Table 2 shows biological indices, consists of Shannon-Wiener categorized into four groups of species, which are rarely diversity index score, Pilou index score (E) and species obtained (6.59%), the species encountered (53.78%), many similarity index score of Jaccard index (Cj).
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