Journal of Biological Control, 30(3): 149-157, 2016, DOI: 10.18311/jbc/2016/15597

Research Article

Diversity and population dynamics of (Insecta: Odonata) in rice growing area of central Gujarat

V. B. ROHMARE*, DARSHANA M. RATHOD, and B. M. PARASHARYA AINP on Agricultural Ornithology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388110, Gujarat, *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Odonates diversity was studied in of central Gujarat during 2012 to 2015. Total 39 species belonging to 25 genera, under six families and two suborders were recorded. Total 17 species of Zygoptera () and 22 species of Anisoptera () were recorded. Community structure and population dynamics of adult odonates were studied at Lingda village during July to December, 2012 through monitoring their population by point count method on three microhabitats (paddy field, village pond and fish farm). Total seventeen species were encounterd in the point count. Diversity index (H’) was highest (2.13) for paddy fields followed by fish farm (2.07) and village pond (1.99). Evenness value of the odonates also ranged between 0.7 and 0.8. Total four species (Viz. Ditch Jewel (25.0%), Green Marsh Hawk (17%), Ruddy Marsh Skimmer and Coromandal Marsh Dart (16% each) were dominant species in all three microhabitats. Both the suborders Anisoptera () and Zygoptera () showed similar trend of population fluctuation during the study. Relative abundance was higher and remained constant during 4th week of September to 2nd week of October.

KEY WORDS: Central Gujarat, damselfly, diversity, dragonfly, odonates, paddy cropOryza ( sativa L.), population dynamics

(Article chronicle: Received:15-07-2016; Revised: 11-09-2016; Accepted: 18-09-2016)

INTRODUCTION fields that if conserved, can play an effective role in de- creasing the pest population density (Mohyuddin, 1990; Globally 5,952 species of odonates are known and of Bonhofet al., 1997). Larva and adults Odonata are consid- this 474 species in 142 genera and 18 families exist in In- ered efficient predators in the rice fields (Heinrichs, 1994; dia (Subramanian, 2014). Information about the odonates Alonso Mejia and Marquez, 1994). The carnivorous and vo- of Gujarat state is documented by Prasad (2004), Rohmare racious odonate larvae occupy at the apex of food chain of et al. (2015) and Rathod et al. (2016a; 2016b; 2016c). Total invertebrate life in aquatic ecosystem (Siregar et al., 2010). 42 species of odonates are recorded from Central Gujarat and 80 from entire Gujarat state. Though the entire order The quantitative field data necessary for understand- is predacious and hence important biocontrol agents of in- ing odonate population dynamics in paddy crop are scarce. sect pests (Rathod and Parasharya, 2014; 2015), there is no To fill up the gaps in our knowledge about the diversity of information (species list) available on the odonates avail- Odonata in the paddy crop agro-ecosystems of Central Gu- able in the paddy crop agro-ecosystems in Gujarat. Even jarat, the present study was planned. Anand district of Cen- at national level, hardly something is known about the odo- tral Gujarat is having its rice fields irrigated by the canals of nate diversity in paddy crop agroecosystem (Gunathilagaraj Mahi right bank canal system (MRBS) and associated stor- et al., 1999; Kandibane et al., 2003; 2005; Anbalagan age tanks, should be very rich in odonate diversity. Paddy et al., 2013; Sathe and Shinde, 2014). (Oryza sativa) crop agro-ecosystem is the ideal habitat for the dragonflies. Since the paddy is being grown in almost Several pests cause damage and yield loss on paddy all the districts of Central Gujarat, odonate diversity was crop (Datta and Khush, 2002). Pesticides can control many expected to be very high. Dragonflies are known as the of the rice pests, but because of environmental risks, crop predators of small and hence it was worth identify- infection and killing of beneficial insects (natural enemies ing each species occurring in paddy crop agroecosystem and pollinators) are not efficient and safe method (Khan and their population dynamics during the crop period. et al., 1991). There are several natural predators in the rice

149 Diversity and population dynamics of Odonata in rice growing area of central Gujarat

MATERIALS AND METHODS The specimens were identified with the help of pho- tographic guides (Emiliyamma et al., 2005; Subramanian, This study was carried out in the agricultural land- 2009; Nair, 2011) and a suitable taxonomic book (Fraser scape of Central Gujarat during July 2011 to December, 1933, 1934, 1936). The scientific names are adopted from 2015. the revised nomenclature by Subramanian (2014). Identifi- cation of specimens was confirmed by Dr. S. S. Talmale at Study area Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur. Anand District is situated between 22º 57’ (N) Lati- tude and 720 93’ (E) Longitude in the central part of Guja- Population dynamics and diversity of odonates rat State. The total area of the district is 2, 94,751 hectares Population dynamics is a study of changes in species which is 1.52 per cent area of Gujarat State. The district composition and their number with reference to time inter- comprises of eight tahsils from the revenue record. Popula- val. To study the changes taking place in their population tion dynamics of adult odonates was studied at Lingda vil- and diversity over a time frame, “point count method” was lage (22.700006N, 73.116694E) of Umreth tahsil in Anand adopted for sampling the area. Study was carried out by us- district. ing the following census method during July to December 2012. A weekly point count were done at the edge of a Kheda and Anand districts which are in the command (1) wetland (village pond), (2) fish farm and (3) across the area of MRBS lies between two major Rivers, Mahisagar paddy fields during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods on the eastern side and Sabarmati on the western side. The (July to December 2012) following the protocol of Small- northen part of the district has common boundary with shire and Beynon (2010). Kheda district. Ahmedabad district is on the western side of River Sabarmati and Vadodara on the eastern side of Odonates were counted at fifteen points in each mi- River Mahisagar. The southern fringe of Central Gujarat is crohabitat at weekly interval. At a fixed point, Adult Odo- attached to the Gulf of Khambhat. The Central Gujarat is nates observed within 3 m radius of visual field were ob- plain land with some hilly area of Dahod and Panchma- served and counted species wise minimum 10 m distance hal districts. The region has typical fertile soil popularly was maintained between two points. Odonate counts were known as “Goradu soil” with loamy sand of alluvial origin. taken during 9.00 to 12.00 hours in the morning (as they The sandy loam soil is known for its productivity. Irriga- are known to be active during morning/ evening hours) on tion facility through Mahi Right Bank Canal is available cloudless day, preferably on Sundays. Counts on all the since 1960 in Kheda and Anand districts and hence, inten- microhabitats were done on same day. Visual identifica- sive cropping is practiced throughout the year. Complex tion was confirmed by collecting a few specimens. Changes network of irrigation canals and associated tanks, village taking place in the number of Odonates encountered dur- ponds and paddy fields provide ideal habitats for the od- ing point count served as an index of population dynamics. onates. Irrigated paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated in Relative abundance (%) of the species and rate of encounter 4,056 ha area of Anand district during Southwest monsoon or frequency of occurrence (% O and % fi) were worked out (June to September). About 13,090 ha land cover of Anand to determine species dominance and Important Value In- district is under agriculture and no area is classified as pro- dex (Tiple et al., 2012; Obrtel and Holisova, 1974). Species tected or forest land. Umreth tahsil in which population diversity index using Shannon-Weiner formula (Shannon, dynamics of odonate was monitored, about 30% land was 1948) and equitability worked out (Krebs, 1975) for each under paddy cultivation. time period as well as entire cropping season. General inventory RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study was done during 2012 to 2015. Intensive surveys were done during South-West monsoon (July to General inventory in paddy fields November). Adult, free flying Odonates were collected Total 39 species belonging to 25 genera, under six from the shallow edge of the wetland using standard in- families and two suborders were recorded from paddy crop sect net. The specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol and in Central Gujarat. Total 17 species of Zygoptera (damsel- kept separate by placing them in envelopes, labelled prop- flies) and 22 species of Anisoptera (dragonflies) were -re erly with details like species, date and place of collection. corded. This list does not include species which are habi- Extra specimens were preserved dry following standard tat specialist occurring in streams, rivers, forest and salty procedure. wetland. Zygoptera was represented by three families and Anisoptera was represented by three families (Table 1).

150 ROHMARE, et al

Table 1. Odonata of rice growing areas of Central Gujarat Taxon Common name Suborder: Zygoptera Superfamily : Family : thoracicus Laidlaw, 1920 Lestes umbrinus Selys, 1891 Brown spreadwing Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 Emerald-striped spreadwing Superfamily: Family: Copera marginipes (Rambur, 1842) Yellow bush dart Elattoneura nigerrima (Laidlaw, 1917) Superfamily: Coenagrionoidea Family: Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) Pigmy dartlet Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius, 1798) Coromandal marsh dart Enallagma cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) Common blue damselfly aurora (Brauer, 1865) Golden dartlet Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden, 1823) Common blue tail Ischnura nursei (Mortan, 1907) Pixie dartlet Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) Senegal golden dartlet malayanum (Selys, 1876) Malay lily squatter decorum (Rambur, 1842) Three- striped blue dart Pseudagrion hypermelas Selys, 1876 Violet-striped blue dart Pseudagrion microcephalum (Rambur, 1842) Blue grass dartlet Pseudagrion rubriceps Selys, 1876 Saffron-faced blue dart Suborder: Anisoptera Super family: Family: Anax guttatus (Burmeister, 1839) Blue-tailed green darner Anax immaculifrons Rambur, 1842 Blue darner Superfamily: Gomphoidea Family: rapax (Rambur, 1842) Common clubtail Superfamily: Family: panorpoides (Rambur, 1842) Trumpet tail Brachydiplax sobrina (Rambur, 1842) Little blue marsh hawk Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius, 1793) Ditch jewel Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1770) Ruddy marsh skimmer Diplacodes lefebvrii (Rambur, 1842) Black ground skimmer Diaplacodes trivialis (Rambur, 1842) Ground skimmer tullia (Drury, 1773) Pied- paddy skimmer luzonicum (Brauer, 1868) Tricoloured marsh hawk Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum (Rambur, 1842) Crimson- tailed marsh hawk Orthetrum sabina (Drury, 1770) Green marsh hawk Orthetrum taeniolatum (Schneider, 1845) Taeniolate marsh hawk Pantala flavescens(Fabricius, 1798) Wandering glider Rhyothemis variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) Common picture wing Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius, 1798) Coral-tailed cloud wing Tramea basilaris burmeisteri Kirbyi, 1889 Red marsh trotter aurora (Burmeister, 1839) Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889) Long-legged marsh glider Urothemis signata (Rambur, 1842) Greater crimson glider Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur, 1842 Brown dusk hawk

151 Diversity and population dynamics of Odonata in rice growing area of central Gujarat

Population dynamics, diversity and community struc- initial six weeks, their abundance ranged between 2 to 4 ture of odonate percent but the abundance started increasing from 2nd week Paddy crop agro-ecosystem of September (R.A.7%) Relative abundance reached to its nd Paddy is the only crop grown in the agricultural land- peak (12%) during 2 week of October. It took twelve long scape of Lingda village during Kharif season. The fields weeks to reach the peak of population abundance but it were inundated with canal water in mid July for transplant- crashed down to 1% within next five weeks. Odonate popu- rd ing paddy saplings. Relative abundance of odonates on first lation remained below one percent during 3 week of No- th week of observation was low compared to other two micro- vember to 4 week of December 2012 and then after they habitats. However, growth of the population size was rela- were totally missing from the village pond (Table 2). tively faster than other microhabitats. Relative abundance Fish farm remained constant during 4th week of September to 2nd week of October (one month). After 3rd week of October; crash On fish farm, total sixteen species were recorded. in population size was sharp. The paddy crop was harvest- Trumpet Tail was a unique species. Odonates abundance ed in mid November and as a result relative abundance of was low in the initial three weeks but from 4th week (3rd odonates was negligible. Thereafter, odonates abundance week of August) it started increasing, highest relative abun- remained zero throughout study period (Table 2). dance (10.31%) was recorded in 2nd week of October. This trend of population growth was similar to the trend ob- Village pond served on village pond. By 1st week of December, relative Due to fresh rain in early July, the village pond was abundance became less than one percent. Contrasting to having full water and some odonates were present. During other two microhabitats, at least one odonate was encoun-

Table 2. Population dynamics of odonates at weekly interval expressed as Relative abundance (%) in paddy crop agroecosystem at Lingda, Anand district, Gujarat Microhabitats Sr. No. Weeks Paddy field Village pond Fish farm Total No. % No. % No. % No. % 1 28-Jul-12 017 01.54 048 03.84 030 02.05 095 02.49 2 04-Aug-12 028 02.54 031 02.48 040 02.73 099 02.59 3 11-Aug-12 023 02.09 029 02.32 033 02.25 085 02.23 4 18-Aug-12 035 03.18 042 03.36 056 03.82 133 03.49 5 25-Aug-12 065 05.90 028 02.24 071 04.85 164 04.30 6 01-Sep-12 057 05.18 050 04.00 060 04.10 166 04.35 7 08-Sep-12 094 08.54 087 06.95 117 07.99 298 07.81 8 15-Sep-12 071 06.45 064 05.12 075 05.12 210 05.50 9 22-Sep-12 117 10.63 088 07.03 089 06.08 294 07.70 10 29-Sep-12 120 10.90 116 09.27 140 09.56 376 09.85 11 06-Oct-12 113 10.26 125 09.99 141 09.62 379 09.93 12 13-Oct-12 114 10.35 155 12.39 151 10.31 420 11.01 13 20-Oct-12 077 06.99 123 09.83 129 08.81 329 08.62 14 27-Oct-12 080 07.27 110 08.79 127 08.67 317 08.31 15 03-Nov-12 045 04.09 070 05.60 088 06.01 203 05.32 16 10-Nov-12 023 02.09 032 02.56 050 03.41 105 02.75 17 17-Nov-12 011 01.00 013 01.04 020 01.37 044 01.15 18 24-Nov-12 007 00.64 011 00.87 021 01.43 039 01.02 19 01-Dec-12 004 00.37 012 01.00 010 00.68 026 00.68 20 08-Dec-12 000 00.00 006 00.47 005 00.34 011 00.29 21 15-Dec-12 000 00.00 009 00.71 009 00.61 018 00.47 22 22-Dec-12 000 00.00 002 00.15 001 00.06 003 00.08 23 29-Dec-12 000 00.00 00 00.00 001 00.06 001 00.03 24 05-Jan-13 000 00.00 00 00.00 001 00.06 001 00.03 25 12-Jan-13 000 00.00 00 00.00 000 00.00 000 00.00 Total 1101 1251 1465 3816

152 ROHMARE, et al tered during point count and a few others were seen flying at distance, outside point count radius (Table 2).

Composite picture of population fluctuation of odonates at Lingda village During twenty five week study, total 3816 adult odo- nates were recorded on three microhabitats. There was no water in the Paddy fields as well as Fish farm during pre- ceding summer, however; some water was available in the village pond and irrigation canal. Hence, wetland habitats Fig. 1. Relative abundance of Odonates (Total) in the wet- of the village were inundated only in mid July with onset of land landscape of Lingda. Southwest monsoon. The fish farm and paddy fields were An increase in Odonate population was positively cor- also flooded in mid July for fish culture and paddy cultiva- related with flooding of the microhabitats because entire tion respectively. Hence, the odonates recorded during first order is amphibious and requires aquatic habitat for breed- observation (28th July 2012) can be considered as initial ing. The paddy dominated landscape remained inundated adult population. Their population slowly increased and for more than three months which provided ideal breeding reaches to about eight percent in seventh week (8th Septem- condition to the odonates. ber 2012). It reached to its peak in 12th week (13th October 2012). A sharp decline in the population was recorded from Increase and decrease in odonate abundance followed 27th October (14th week) and it reached to just one percent similar trend in all three microhabitats. The paddy fields by 17th November 2012. This sharp decline in the popula- and fish- farms were drained and hence became dry by No- tion was attributed to decline in the inundated area in all vember. On the contrary, the village pond had sufficient wa- three microhabitats. Odonate population remained below ter, but still showed similar decline in abundance. one percent during December 2012 and January 2013. Dur- ing February to April 2013, odonates were not encountered Diversity and community structure of odonates during point count but were present is small number in the Diversity and community structure of odonates was environment (Table 2, Fig. 1). studied at paddy growing area of Lingda village through

Table 3. Community structure of odonates species in paddy crop agroecosystem at Lingda, Anand district, Gujarat Microhabitats Sr. No. Species Paddy field Village pond Fish farm Total 1. No. % No. % No. % No. % 2. Ceriagrion coromandelianum 171 12.00 199 16.00 240 16.00 610 15.98 3. Enallagma cyathigerum 053 05.00 052 04.00 058 04.00 163 04.27 4. Ischnura aurora 019 01.73 000 00.00 000 00.00 019 00.50 5. Ischnura elegans 006 00.55 013 01.00 009 00.61 028 00.73 6. Ischnura senegalensis 097 09.00 100 08.00 121 08.00 318 08.33 7. Pseudagrion microcephalum 061 06.00 106 08.00 067 04.00 234 06.13 8. Pseudagrion rubriceps 000 00.00 020 02.00 011 00.75 031 00.81 9. 000 00.00 002 00.15 004 00.29 006 00.16 10. Acisoma panorpoides 000 00.00 000 00.00 039 03.00 039 01.02 11. Brachythemis contaminata 198 18.00 379 30.00 368 25.00 945 24.76 12. Crocothemis servilia 199 18.00 165 13.00 232 16.00 596 15.61 13. Diaplacodes trivialis 030 02.72 002 00.16 012 00.82 044 01.15 14. Orthetrum luzonicum 021 02.00 000 00.00 012 00.82 033 00.86 15. Orthetrum sabina 201 19.00 180 14.00 244 17.00 625 16.37 16. Pantala flavescens 005 00.46 012 01.00 008 00.55 025 00.65 17. Rhyothemis variegata 006 00.55 000 00.00 005 00.34 011 00.29 18. Trithemis pallidinervis 034 03.00 021 02.00 035 02.00 090 02.36 Total 1101 1251 1465 3816

153 Diversity and population dynamics of Odonata in rice growing area of central Gujarat monitoring their population dynamics on three microhabi- lage, data of all the microhabitats were merged and overall tats. Though, total 39 odonate species were recorded in pad- relative abundance of each species was worked out (Table dy crop agroecosystem of Central Gujarat, only seventeen 3). Though seventeen species were recorded during point species were recorded in the point count method employed count in the area, eight species were less than one persent for this study. Sixteen species were recorded on fish farm, in abundance. Amongst the four dominant species in the forteen species were recorded on paddy fields whereas least agriculture landscape (Fig. 2), Ditch Jewel was the most number (13) of species richness was on village pond (Table dominant (25% R. A.) whereas remaining three species 3). Trumpet Tail (Acisoma panorpoides) was a unique spe- were represented equally (Fig. 2). Other two notable spe- cies recorded on fish pond. In paddy fields, Golden Dartlet cies were Senegal Golden Dartlet (8.33%) and Blue Grass (Ischnura aurora) was a unique species (Table 3). Dartlet (6.13%).

Species diversity index reflects species richness and their relative abundance. In present study, diversity index was highest (2.13) for paddy fields followed by fish farm (2.07) and least on village pond (1.99). Evenness value of the odonates also ranged between 0.7 and 0.8 (Table 4). Overall diversity index (H’) for paddy crop agroecosystem was 2.10 with 0.741 evenness (J).

Table 4. Diversity indices of Odonata on different microhabitats at Lingda Fig. 2. Relative abundance of dominant Odonates species Microhabitats Species Species Di- Evenness (E) at Lingda. Richness (S) versity (H’) Fish Farm 16 2.07 0.731 Relative abundance (%) of two suborders of odonata at weekly interval Paddy Field 14 2.13 0.807 Village Pond 13 1.99 0.776 Both the suborders Anisoptera (dragonfly) and Zygop- Over all 17 2.10 0.741 tera (damselfly) showed similar trend of population fluc- tuation during the study (Fig. 3). As both the suborders are Community structure season specific and have similar breeding requirement in wetlands, they showed similar trend of population fluctua- Amongst sixteen species recorded on fish farm. Trum- tions. pet Tail was a unique species, which was not recorded on other two microhabitats. Only four species were dominant: Ditch Jewel (25.0%), Green Marsh Hawk (17%), Ruddy Marsh Skimmer and Coromandal Marsh Dart (16% each) (Table 3).

On paddy fields, total fourteen species were record- ed. Golden Dartlet (1.73%) was a unique species in paddy fields. Unlike fish farm, the same four species were domi- nant, however, values of their relative abundance varied (Table 3). Fig. 3. Relative abundance (%) of two suborders of Odonata at monthly interval (Population fluctuations – Total Village pond had least species richness (13) compared number of Anisoptera -2348 and Zygoptera-1402 expressed as R.A. in paddy crop ecosystem). to other two microhabitats. Here, absence of four species was more prominent feature than presence of any unique Presence and index of importance of odonate species at species. The same four species were dominant on village Lingda pond too but relative abundance of Ditch Jewel was thirty In twenty five weeks study, species like Coromandel percent (30%); highest amongst three microhabitats (Table Marsh Dart, Ditch Jewel, Green Marsh Hawk, Common 3). Blue Damselfly and Senegal Golden Dartlet were present over eighty percent of time period. The Ruddy Marsh Skim- To get a composite picture of community structure mer was present in eighteen weeks (72%) period. Four spe- of odonates within agricultural landscape of Lingda vil-

154 ROHMARE, et al cies were present for less than fifty percent of time period The diversity and distribution of insects may be influ- and the same also had low relative abundance. The species enced by type of ecosystems and climate. In the present which showed presence over longer period also had high study the species richness and total abundance of Odonata relative abundance value. Hence, index of importance (I %) were high in fish farm compared to rice ecosystem and vil- for such species was also high. Based on the value of index lage pond. However, uniform population dynamics trend of importance, each species was given rank (Table 5). on three microhabitats prove the same. Similar result was published by Anbalagan et al. (2013). In the present, study families Libellulidae in Anisop- tera and Coenagrionidae in Zygoptera were more diverse This study has certainly improved our knowledge ab- families in terms of the number of species. Similar findings sent odonate diversity in paddy crop agroecosystem. Com- have already been reported by some investigators. Ghahari munity structure and population dynamics are all together et al. (2009) and Anbalagan et al., (2013) have reported that new studies and the results should be correlated with simi- families Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were dominant in lar studies on pests of paddy (their prey). terms of number of species in rice fields in Iran and Tamil- nadu, India, respectively. Kumar and Mitra (1998) reported In the present study the Shannon index was higher in that family Libellulidae was represented by high number of rice field than fish farm and village pond. Anbalagan et al. species (18 species) among a total collection of 42 species (2013) reported that the Shannon index was higher in vege- from Sahstradhara, Dehra Dun. table fields than rice fields. Climatic factors are also affects the odonates population. Odonate population increases Several investigators have reported that dragonflies with increases the temperature. and damselflies are very common in rice agroecosystem. Kandibane et al., (2003) have recorded 12 species of Odo- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT nata under three families in rice fields of Madurai, Tamil We are thankful to Dr. S. S. Talmale, ZSI, Jabalpur for Nadu. In the present work the number of species and fami- confirming identification of Odonates. lies recorded in rice fields were much higher compared to all earlier studies (Gunathilagaraj et al., 1999; Kandibane et al., 2003; 2005; Anbalagan et al., 2013; Sathe and Shin- de, 2014).

Table 5. Presence (O %) and index of importance of odonate species on the aquatic environment of Lingda village Sr. Species Present in 25 Weeks % O % R.A. Index of Impor- Rank No. tance (I %) Paddy field Village pond Fish farm Overall landscape 1 Ceriagrion coromandelianum 18 21 21 22 88 15.98 51.99 02 2 Enallagma cyathigerum 10 08 13 16 64 04.27 34.13 07 3 Ischnura aurora 03 00 00 03 12 00.50 06.25 16 4 Ischnura elegans 02 02 03 04 16 00.73 08.36 14 5 Ischnura senegalensis 12 12 20 20 80 08.33 44.16 04 6 Pseudagrion microcephalum 09 14 12 16 64 06.13 35.06 06 7 Pseudagrion rubriceps 00 02 02 04 16 00.81 08.40 13 8 Ictinogomphus rapax 00 01 03 03 12 00.16 06.08 17 9 Acisoma panorpoides 00 00 07 07 28 01.02 14.51 09 10 Brachythemis contaminata 19 22 20 22 88 24.76 56.38 01 11 Crocothemis servilia 17 15 17 18 72 15.61 43.80 05 12 Diaplacodes trivialis 06 02 00 06 24 01.15 12.57 11 13 Orthetrum luzonicum 04 00 04 06 24 00.86 12.43 12 14 Orthetrum sabina 17 17 20 21 84 16.37 50.18 03 15 Pantala flavescens 02 05 03 07 28 00.65 14.32 10 16 Rhyothemis variegata 02 00 03 04 16 00.29 08.15 15 17 Trithemis pallidinervis 08 03 07 12 48 02.36 25.18 08

155 Diversity and population dynamics of Odonata in rice growing area of central Gujarat

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