European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company Eads Nv Reference

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company Eads Nv Reference EUROPEAN AERONAUTIC DEFENCE AND SPACE COMPANY EADS N.V. REFERENCE DOCUMENT FINANCIAL YEAR 2000 Pursuant to Reglement` No. 98-01 of the Commission des operations´ de bourse, this Reference Document was registered in French with the Commission des operations´ de bourse on April 26, 2001 under number R 01-148. It can be used in support of a financial transaction only if it is supplemented by a transaction note approved by the Commission des operations´ de bourse. This Reference Document has been drafted by the issuer and renders the signatories thereof liable. This registration, which has been effected after a review of the relevance and consistency of the information given on the Company’s financial position, does not imply that the accounting and financial items shown have been authenticated. Warning The COB draws the attention of the public to the fact that: European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS N.V. (‘‘EADS’’ or the ‘‘Company’’) is a Dutch company, which is listed in France, Germany and Spain. Given this fact, the applicable regulations with respect to public information and protection of investors, as well as the commitments made by the Company to securities and market authorities, are described in this Reference Document. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 — Persons Responsible for the Reference Document and Persons Responsible for the Audit of the Financial Statements.............................................................................. 4 1.1 Persons Responsible for the Reference Document............................................................... 4 1.2 Statement of the Persons Responsible for the Reference Document .............................. 4 1.3 Persons Responsible for the Audit of the Financial Statements...................................... 4 1.3.1 Persons Responsible for the Review of EADS Financial Statements........................................ 4 1.3.2 Statement of the Auditors............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Information Policy....................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Undertakings of the Company Regarding Information..................................................... 6 1.6 Exchange Rate Information....................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 — Information Concerning Securities Issued ....................................................................... 7 Not applicable ................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 — General Description of the Company and its Share Capital........................................ 8 3.1 General Description of the Company ..................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Corporate Name, Seat and Registered Office .............................................................................. 8 3.1.2 Legal Form....................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Governing Law — Dutch Regulations ......................................................................................... 8 3.1.4 Date of Incorporation and Duration of the Company................................................................ 10 3.1.5 Objects of the Company................................................................................................................ 10 3.1.6 Commercial and Companies Registry........................................................................................... 11 3.1.7 Inspection of Corporate Documents............................................................................................. 11 3.1.8 Financial Year.................................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.9 Allocation and Distribution of Income........................................................................................ 11 3.1.10 General Meetings............................................................................................................................ 11 3.1.11 Disclosure of Holdings Exceeding Specific Thresholds and of Intentions............................... 13 3.1.12 Mandatory Tender Offers.............................................................................................................. 13 3.2 General Description of the Share Capital.............................................................................. 15 3.2.1 Modification of Share Capital or Rights Attaching to the Shares ............................................ 15 3.2.2 Issued Share Capital....................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 Authorized Share Capital .............................................................................................................. 15 3.2.4 Securities Granting Access to the Company’s Capital................................................................ 16 3.2.5 Changes in the Issued Share Capital Since Incorporation of the Company............................. 16 3.3 Shareholdings and Voting Rights............................................................................................ 16 3.3.1 Shareholding Structure .................................................................................................................. 16 3.3.2 Relationships with Principal Shareholders................................................................................... 17 3.3.3 Form of Shares................................................................................................................................ 24 3.3.4 Changes in the Shareholding of the Company Since its Incorporation.................................... 24 3.3.5 Persons Exercising Control over the Company ........................................................................... 25 3.3.6 Simplified Group Structure Chart ................................................................................................ 25 3.3.7 Purchase by the Company of its Own Shares............................................................................. 25 3.4 Stock Exchange Information..................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Dividends....................................................................................................................................... 27 3.5.1 Dividends Paid During the Last Five Years................................................................................. 27 3.5.2 Dividend Policy of EADS ............................................................................................................. 27 3.5.3 Unclaimed Dividends..................................................................................................................... 27 3.5.4 Taxation ........................................................................................................................................... 28 2 Chapter 4 — Information on EADS Activities ........................................................................................ 30 4.1 Presentation of the EADS Group............................................................................................ 30 4.1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 30 4.1.2 Airbus.............................................................................................................................................. 34 4.1.3 Military Transport Aircraft............................................................................................................ 44 4.1.4 Aeronautics...................................................................................................................................... 48 4.1.5 Space ................................................................................................................................................ 60 4.1.6 Defence and Civil Systems............................................................................................................ 66 4.1.7 Investment....................................................................................................................................... 74 4.2 Intellectual Property ................................................................................................................... 75 4.3 Exceptional Items and Litigation ............................................................................................. 75 4.4 Employees ...................................................................................................................................... 75 4.5 Research and Development........................................................................................................ 76 4.6 Insurance........................................................................................................................................ 76 4.7 Environmental .............................................................................................................................. 77 4.8 Investment Considerations .......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Russia's Posture in Space
    Russia’s Posture in Space: Prospects for Europe Executive Summary Prepared by the European Space Policy Institute Marco ALIBERTI Ksenia LISITSYNA May 2018 Table of Contents Background and Research Objectives ........................................................................................ 1 Domestic Developments in Russia’s Space Programme ............................................................ 2 Russia’s International Space Posture ......................................................................................... 4 Prospects for Europe .................................................................................................................. 5 Background and Research Objectives For the 50th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik-1, in 2007, the rebirth of Russian space activities appeared well on its way. After the decade-long crisis of the 1990s, the country’s political leadership guided by President Putin gave new impetus to the development of national space activities and put the sector back among the top priorities of Moscow’s domestic and foreign policy agenda. Supported by the progressive recovery of Russia’s economy, renewed political stability, and an improving external environment, Russia re-asserted strong ambitions and the resolve to regain its original position on the international scene. Towards this, several major space programmes were adopted, including the Federal Space Programme 2006-2015, the Federal Target Programme on the development of Russian cosmodromes, and the Federal Target Programme on the redeployment of GLONASS. This renewed commitment to the development of space activities was duly reflected in a sharp increase in the country’s launch rate and space budget throughout the decade. Thanks to the funds made available by flourishing energy exports, Russia’s space expenditure continued to grow even in the midst of the global financial crisis. Besides new programmes and increased funding, the spectrum of activities was also widened to encompass a new focus on space applications and commercial products.
    [Show full text]
  • Home at Airbus
    Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology Original Research Paper Home at Airbus 1Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu, 2Raffaella Aversa, 3Bilal Akash, 4Juan M. Corchado, 2Antonio Apicella and 1Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu 1ARoTMM-IFToMM, Bucharest Polytechnic University, Bucharest, (CE), Romania 2Advanced Material Lab, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Second University of Naples, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy 3Dean of School of Graduate Studies and Research, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE 4University of Salamanca, Spain Article history Abstract: Airbus Commerci al aircraft, known as Airbus, is a European Received: 16-04-2017 aeronautics manufacturer with headquarters in Blagnac, in the suburbs of Revised: 18-04-2017 Toulouse, France. The company, which is 100% -owned by the industrial Accepted: 04-07-2017 group of the same name, manufactures more than half of the airliners produced in the world and is Boeing's main competitor. Airbus was Corresponding Author: founded as a consortium by European manufacturers in the late 1960s. Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu Airbus Industry became a SAS (simplified joint-stock company) in 2001, a ARoTMM-IFToMM, Bucharest subsidiary of EADS renamed Airbus Group in 2014 and Airbus in 2017. Polytechnic University, Bucharest, (CE) Romania BAE Systems 20% of Airbus between 2001 and 2006. In 2010, 62,751 Email: [email protected] people are employed at 18 Airbus sites in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium (SABCA) and Spain. Even if parts of Airbus aircraft are essentially made in Europe some come from all over the world. But the final assembly lines are in Toulouse (France), Hamburg (Germany), Seville (Spain), Tianjin (China) and Mobile (United States).
    [Show full text]
  • Thanks a Million, Tornado
    Aug 11 Issue 39 desthe magazine for defenceider equipment and support Thanks a million, Tornado Fast jets in focus − Typhoon and Tornado impress See inside Welcome Warrior Goliath’s The future Warfare goes Voyager returns to war giant task is now on screen lockheedmartin.com/f35 NOT JUSTAN AIRCRAFT, THE UK’SAIRCRAFT The F-35 Lightning II isn’t just a cutting-edge aircraft. It also demonstrates the power of collaboration. Today, a host of UK companies are playing their part in developing and building this next-generation F-35 fi ghter. The F-35 programme is creating thousands of jobs throughout the country, as well as contributing LIGHTNINGLIGHTNING IIII to UK industrial and economic development. It’s enhancing the UK’s ability to compete in the global technology marketplace. F-35 Lightning II. Delivering prosperity and security. UNITED KINGDOM THE F-35 LIGHTNING II TEAM NORTHROP GRUMMAN BAE SYSTEMS PRATT & WHITNEY LOCKHEED MARTIN 301-61505_NotJust_Desider.indd 1 7/14/11 2:12 PM FRONTISPIECE 3 lockheedmartin.com/f35 Jackal helps keep the peace JACKAL CUTS a dash on Highway 1 between Kabul and Kandahar, one of the most important routes in Afghanistan. Soldiers from the 9th/12th Royal Lancers have been helping to keep open a section of the road which locals use to transport anything from camels to cars. The men from the Lancers have the tough task of keeping the highway open along with members of 2 Kandak of the Afghan National Army, who man checkpoints along the road. NOT JUSTAN AIRCRAFT, Picture: Sergeant Alison Baskerville, Royal Logistic Corps THE UK’SAIRCRAFT The F-35 Lightning II isn’t just a cutting-edge aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Gnc 2021 Abstract Book
    GNC 2021 ABSTRACT BOOK Contents GNC Posters ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Poster 01: A Software Defined Radio Galileo and GPS SW receiver for real-time on-board Navigation for space missions ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Poster 02: JUICE Navigation camera design .................................................................................................... 9 Poster 03: PRESENTATION AND PERFORMANCES OF MULTI-CONSTELLATION GNSS ORBITAL NAVIGATION LIBRARY BOLERO ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Poster 05: EROSS Project - GNC architecture design for autonomous robotic On-Orbit Servicing .............. 12 Poster 06: Performance assessment of a multispectral sensor for relative navigation ............................... 14 Poster 07: Validation of Astrix 1090A IMU for interplanetary and landing missions ................................... 16 Poster 08: High Performance Control System Architecture with an Output Regulation Theory-based Controller and Two-Stage Optimal Observer for the Fine Pointing of Large Scientific Satellites ................. 18 Poster 09: Development of High-Precision GPSR Applicable to GEO and GTO-to-GEO Transfer ................. 20 Poster 10: P4COM: ESA Pointing Error Engineering
    [Show full text]
  • Real-Time On-Orbit Calibration of Angles Between Star Sensor and Earth Observation Camera for Optical Surveying and Mapping Satellites
    ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume IV-2/W5, 2019 ISPRS Geospatial Week 2019, 10–14 June 2019, Enschede, The Netherlands REAL-TIME ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION OF ANGLES BETWEEN STAR SENSOR AND EARTH OBSERVATION CAMERA FOR OPTICAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING SATELLITES Wei Liu 1*, Hui Wang 2, Weijiao Jiang 2, Fangming Qian 3, Leiming Zhu 4 1 Xi’an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, No.1 Middle Yanta Road, Xi’an, China - [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China - [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Network, Xidian University, Xi’an, China - [email protected] 3 Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China - [email protected] 4 Centre of TH-Satellite of China, Beijing, China - [email protected] Commission I, WG I/4 KEY WORDS: Star Sensor, Attitude Measurement, Error Analysis, On-Orbit Calibration, Angle between Cameras, On-orbit Monitoring Device ABSTRACT: On space remote sensing stereo mapping field, the angle variation between the star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis on-orbit affects the positioning accuracy, when optical mapping is without ground control points (GCPs). This work analyses the formation factors and elimination methods for both the star sensor’s error and the angles error between the star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis. Based on that, to improve the low attitude stability and long calibration time necessary of current satellite cameras, a method is then proposed for real-time on-orbit calibration of the angles between star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis based on the principle of auto-collimation.
    [Show full text]
  • Coproduce Or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Brazilian Political Science Review, Vol
    Brazilian Political Science Review ISSN: 1981-3821 Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política Svartman, Eduardo Munhoz; Teixeira, Anderson Matos Coproduce or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Brazilian Political Science Review, vol. 12, no. 1, e0005, 2018 Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política DOI: 10.1590/1981-3821201800010005 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394357143004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Coproduce or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Eduardo Munhoz Svartman Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Anderson Matos Teixeira Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil The creation of the Union of South American Nations (USAN) aroused expectations about joint development and production of military aircraft in South America. However, political divergences, technological asymmetries and budgetary problems made projects canceled. Faced with the impasse, this article approaches features of two military aircraft development experiences and their links with the regionalization processes to extract elements that help to account for the problems faced by USAN. The processes of adoption of the F-104 and the Tornado in the 1950s and 1970s by countries that later joined the European Union are analyzed in a comparative perspective. The two projects are compared about the political and diplomatic implications (mutual trust, military capabilities and regionalization) and the economic implications (scale of production, value chains and industrial parks).
    [Show full text]
  • EFC JIP CBRN Workshop
    EFC JIP CBRN Workshop Finmeccanica areas of interest Michele Genisio Brussels - September 15, 2011 Contents Contents 1. Finmeccanica key data 2010 2. Proposed areas of investigation Commercial in Confidence 1 - Finmeccanica Key Data 2010 FY2010 FY2009 Net Profit 557 M€ 718 M€ Revenues € 18.695 m Order Intake 22,5 B€ 21,1 B€ Employees 75,197 73,056 R & D 2.0 B€ 1.98 B€ DEFENSE AND DEFENSE AERONAUTICS HELICOPTERS TRANSPORT ENERGY SPACE SECURITY SYSTEMS ELECTRONICS 2.809 M€ 3.644 M€ 1.962 M€ 7.137 M€ 1.210 M€ 1.413 M€ 925 M€ . Alenia Aeronautica . AgustaWestland . AnsaldoBreda . DRS Technologies . Oto Melara . Ansaldo Energia . Telespazio . Alenia Aermacchi . BAAC . Ansaldo STS . ElsagDatamat . WASS . Ansaldo Fuel Cells . Thales Alenia Space . SuperJet . BredaMenarini . Selex . MBDA . Ansaldo Nucleare Communications International bus . Selex Galileo . ATR . Selex Sistemi . Eurofighter GmbH Integrati 100% owned by Finmeccanica . Selex Service Management JVs Finmeccanica view Emerging requirements in the CBRN area: C and B detectors • Wide threat range • Speed of Response • Low Detection Levels • Threat Identification M&S of CBRN architectures • representing the whole process, from threat to recovery • enabling military-civil interaction • multi-threat scenarios. M&S of CBRN Architectures OBJECTIVES Modelling & Simulation of a CBRN Architecture representing: - Environment: both predictable (terrain characteristics, urban context, road network, etc) and unpredictable (crowd behaviour, humand behaviour, weather etc ) aspects - Responders:
    [Show full text]
  • English BAE Systems and Nally, It Develops Arms Systems for War- the Second World Military Aerospace Ships Through the FABA Programme, Company After Boeing
    THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A PARASITE ON SPANISH ECONOMY REPORT no. 12 REPORT no. 12 THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A parasite on Spanish economy Pere Ortega Camino Simarro Centre d’Estudis per la Pau J.M. Delàs · Justícia i Pau Barcelona, April 2012 Centre d’Estudis per la Pau JM Delàs Justícia i Pau · Rivadeneyra 6, 10è 08002 Barcelona T. 93 317 61 77 F. 93 412 53 84 www.centredelas.org [email protected] [email protected] Barcelona, April 2012 Graphic design: Fundació Tam-Tam D.L.: B-19745-2010 ISSN: 2013-8032 REPORT no. 12 The military industrial complex. A parasite on Spanish economy 4 THE MILITARY REPORT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A PARASITE ON SPANISH ECONOMY no. 12 Index EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION......................7 The military-industrial complex in Spain is based on an oligopoly made up of four big companies that provide all the weapons that the Ministry of Defence 2. MILITARY PRODUCTION IN SPAIN . .8 uses for its armies. EADS-Casa manufactures aeronautics for the air force; Na- vantia produces warships for the navy; Santa Bárbara/General Dynamics sells 3. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MILITARY heavy and small arms to the army and, last but not least, Indra provides all the INDUSTRY IN SPAIN . 9 aforementioned armed forces and their weapons with most of the electronics and new technologies. 4. SOME SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE SECTOR . .11 These four companies make up between 75 and 80% of the total turnover of military production which amounted to approximately E 6.6 billion in 2009. 5. DEFENCE INDUSTRIAL That represented 1.24% of the national industrial production and 1.1% of the SUBSECTORS .
    [Show full text]
  • Robotic Arm.Indd
    Ages: 8-12 Topic: Engineering design and teamwork Standards: This activity is aligned to national standards in science, technology, health and mathematics. Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut Next Generation: 3-5-ETS1-2. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely A Robotic Arm to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3-5-ETS1-3. Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be EDUCATOR SECTION (PAGES 1-7) improved. STUDENT SECTION (PAGES 8-15) Background Why do we need robotic arms when working in space? As an example, try holding a book in your hands straight out in front of you and not moving them for one or two minutes. After a while, do your hands start to shake or move around? Imagine how hard it would be to hold your hands steady for many days in a row, or to lift something really heavy. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a really long arm that never gets tired? Well, to help out in space, scientists have designed and used robotic arms for years. On Earth, scientists have designed robotic arms for everything from moving heavy equipment to performing delicate surgery. Robotic arms are important machines that help people work on Earth as well as in space. Astronaut attached to a robotic arm on the ISS. Look at your arms once again. Your arms are covered in skin for protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Document Including the Annual Financial Report
    REFERENCE DOCUMENT INCLUDING THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2012 PROFILE LAGARDÈRE, A WORLD-CLASS PURE-PLAY MEDIA GROUP LED BY ARNAUD LAGARDÈRE, OPERATES IN AROUND 30 COUNTRIES AND IS STRUCTURED AROUND FOUR DISTINCT, COMPLEMENTARY DIVISIONS: • Lagardère Publishing: Book and e-Publishing; • Lagardère Active: Press, Audiovisual (Radio, Television, Audiovisual Production), Digital and Advertising Sales Brokerage; • Lagardère Services: Travel Retail and Distribution; • Lagardère Unlimited: Sport Industry and Entertainment. EXE LOGO L'Identité / Le Logo Les cotes indiquées sont données à titre indicatif et devront être vérifiées par les entrepreneurs. Ceux-ci devront soumettre leurs dessins Echelle: d’éxécution pour approbation avant réalisation. L’étude technique des travaux concernant les éléments porteurs concourant la stabilité ou la solidité du bâtiment et tous autres éléments qui leur sont intégrés ou forment corps avec eux, devra être vérifié par un bureau d’étude qualifié. Agence d'architecture intérieure LAGARDERE - Concept C5 - O’CLOCK Optimisation Les entrepreneurs devront s’engager à executer les travaux selon les règles de l’art et dans le respect des règlementations en vigueur. Ce 15, rue Colbert 78000 Versailles Date : 13 01 2010 dessin est la propriété de : VERSIONS - 15, rue Colbert - 78000 Versailles. Ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation. tél : 01 30 97 03 03 fax : 01 30 97 03 00 e.mail : [email protected] PANTONE 382C PANTONE PANTONE 382C PANTONE Informer, Rassurer, Partager PROCESS BLACK C PROCESS BLACK C Les cotes indiquées sont données à titre indicatif et devront être vérifiées par les entrepreneurs. Ceux-ci devront soumettre leurs dessins d’éxécution pour approbation avant réalisation. L’étude technique des travaux concernant les éléments porteurs concourant la stabilité ou la Echelle: Agence d'architecture intérieure solidité du bâtiment et tous autres éléments qui leur sont intégrés ou forment corps avec eux, devra être vérifié par un bureau d’étude qualifié.
    [Show full text]
  • “This Is My Heart” Patita Uddharana Dasa, Editor / Compiler
    “This Is My Heart” Patita Uddharana dasa, Editor / Compiler “This Is My Heart” Remembrances of ISKCON Press …and other relevant stories Manhattan / Boston / Brooklyn 1968-1971 1 Essays by the Assembled Devotees “This Is My Heart” Remembrances of ISKCON Press …and other relevant stories Manhattan / Boston / Brooklyn 1968-1971 Patita Uddharana Dasa Vaishnava Astrologer and Author of: 2 -The Bhrigu Project (5 volumes) (with Abhaya Mudra Dasi), -Shri Chanakya-niti with extensive Commentary, -Motorcycle Yoga (Royal Enflied Books) (as Miles Davis), -What Is Your Rashi? (Sagar Publications Delhi) (as Miles Davis), -This Is My Heart (Archives free download) (Editor / Compiler), -Shri Pushpanjali –A Triumph over Impersonalism -Vraja Mandala Darshan – Touring the Land of Krishna -Horoscope for Disaster (ms.) -Bharata Darshan (ms.) ―I am very pleased also to note your appreciation for our Bhagavad-gita As It Is, and I want that all of my students will understand this book very nicely. This will be a great asset to our preaching activities.‖ (-Shrila Prabhupada, letter to Patita Uddharana, 31 May 1969) For my eternal companion in devotional service to Shri Guru and Gauranga Shrimati Abhaya Mudra Devi Dasi A veritable representative of Goddess Lakshmi in Krishna’s service without whose help this book would not have been possible ―We are supposed to take our husband or our wife as our eternal companion or assistant in Krishna conscious service, and there is promise never to separate.‖ (Shrila Prabhupada, letter 4 January 1973) (Shri Narada tells King Yudhishthira:) ―The woman who engages in the service of her 3 husband, following strictly in the footsteps of the goddess of fortune, surely returns home, back to Godhead, with her devotee husband, and lives very happily in the Vaikuṇṭha planets.‖ “Shrila Prabhupada” by Abhaya Mudra Dasi “Offer my blessings to all the workers of ISKCON Press because that is my life.” (-Shrila Prabhupada, letter 19 December 1970) 4 Table of Contents Introduction ―Books Any Man Would Be Proud to Have‖ ……...
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Proto-Iranians of Afghanistan As Initiators of Sakta Tantrism: on the Scythian/Saka Affiliation of the Dasas, Nuristanis and Magadhans
    Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXVII, 2002 PRE-PROTO-IRANIANS OF AFGHANISTAN AS INITIATORS OF SAKTA TANTRISM: ON THE SCYTHIAN/SAKA AFFILIATION OF THE DASAS, NURISTANIS AND MAGADHANS BY Asko PARPOLA (Helsinki) 1. Introduction 1.1 Preliminary notice Professor C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky is a scholar striving at integrated understanding of wide-ranging historical processes, extending from Mesopotamia and Elam to Central Asia and the Indus Valley (cf. Lamberg- Karlovsky 1985; 1996) and even further, to the Altai. The present study has similar ambitions and deals with much the same area, although the approach is from the opposite direction, north to south. I am grateful to Dan Potts for the opportunity to present the paper in Karl's Festschrift. It extends and complements another recent essay of mine, ‘From the dialects of Old Indo-Aryan to Proto-Indo-Aryan and Proto-Iranian', to appear in a volume in the memory of Sir Harold Bailey (Parpola in press a). To com- pensate for that wider framework which otherwise would be missing here, the main conclusions are summarized (with some further elaboration) below in section 1.2. Some fundamental ideas elaborated here were presented for the first time in 1988 in a paper entitled ‘The coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Dasas’ (Parpola 1988). Briefly stated, I suggested that the fortresses of the inimical Dasas raided by ¤gvedic Aryans in the Indo-Iranian borderlands have an archaeological counterpart in the Bronze Age ‘temple-fort’ of Dashly-3 in northern Afghanistan, and that those fortresses were the venue of the autumnal festival of the protoform of Durga, the feline-escorted Hindu goddess of war and victory, who appears to be of ancient Near Eastern origin.
    [Show full text]