DOCSLIB.ORG

Identification of Bacteria in Enrichment Cultures of Sulfate Reducers in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identification of Bacteria in Enrichment Cultures of Sulfate Reducers in The Bozo-Hurtado et al. Aquatic Biosystems 2013, 9:17 http://www.aquaticbiosystems.org/content/9/1/17 AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS RESEARCH Open Access Identification of bacteria in enrichment cultures of sulfate reducers in the Cariaco Basin water column employing Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments Lorelei Bozo-Hurtado1, M Alexandra García-Amado2, Andrei Chistoserdov3, Ramon Varela4, J Jesus Narvaez4, Rita Colwell5 and Paula Suárez1* Abstract Background: The Cariaco Basin is characterized by pronounced and predictable vertical layering of microbial communities dominated by reduced sulfur species at and below the redox transition zone. Marine water samples were collected in May, 2005 and 2006, at the sampling stations A (10°30′ N, 64°40′ W), B (10°40′ N, 64°45′ W) and D (10°43’N, 64°32’W) from different depths, including surface, redox interface, and anoxic zones. In order to enrich for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), water samples were inoculated into anaerobic media amended with lactate or acetate as carbon source. To analyze the composition of enrichment cultures, we performed DNA extraction, PCR-DGGE, and sequencing of selected bands. Results: DGGE results indicate that many bacterial genera were present that are associated with the sulfur cycle, including Desulfovibrio spp., as well as heterotrophs belonging to Vibrio, Enterobacter, Shewanella, Fusobacterium, Marinifilum, Mariniliabilia,andSpirochaeta. These bacterial populations are related to sulfur coupling and carbon cycles in an environment of variable redox conditions and oxygen availability. Conclusions: In our studies, we found an association of SRB-like Desulfovibrio with Vibrio species and other genera that have a previously defined relevant role in sulfur transformation and coupling of carbon and sulfur cycles in an environment where there are variable redox conditions and oxygen availability. This study provides new information about microbial species that were culturable on media for SRB at anaerobic conditions at several locations and water depths in the Cariaco Basin. Keywords: SRB, Cariaco Basin, Desulfovibrio, Vibrio, DGGE, Culture Background Based on redox conditions and oxygen content, the basin The Cariaco system is a depression located on the northern is divided into three layers: oxic (~ 0-250 m); redox transi- continental shelf of Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea and is tion (~ 250–450 m); and anoxic (~ 450 to 1400 m) [1-4]. largest true marine permanently anoxic marine water body The basin water column is characterized by a pronounced in the world. The Basin, 160 km long and 50 km wide, is vertical layering of microbial communities. The oxic divided into two sub-basins, each with a maximum depth layer possesses the most complex trophic structure, of 1400 m and separated by a saddle at 900 m water depth. dominated by processes such as photosynthesis, aer- obic heterotrophy and nitrification. The redox transi- * Correspondence: [email protected] tion zone is biogeochemically stratified, appears less 1Departamento de Biología de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, complex and predominant processes are chemoautotrophy, Caracas, Venezuela fermentation, denitrification, and anaerobic respiration. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2013 Bozo-Hurtado et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bozo-Hurtado et al. Aquatic Biosystems 2013, 9:17 Page 2 of 11 http://www.aquaticbiosystems.org/content/9/1/17 Theanoxiczonepresumablyhasthesimplesttrophic explore the diversity of bacteria in the Cariaco Basin in- structure that appears to be supported by fermentation, volved in sulfate reduction, we used SRB enrichment cul- sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic methane ture complemented with identification of the enriched oxidation [3]. Many studies have been conducted in the bacteria by gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Cariaco Basin to understand how microorganisms are dis- tributed in the stratified water column environment and Results how they influence geochemical processes [1,3,5]. Interest- Depth profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved ingly, high levels of sulfide present in the Cariaco Basin oxygen in the water column at all stations for two years have been attributed to biological sulfate reduction [6]. are shown in Table 1. Temperatures varied from 17.10 This is the first attempt to identify bacteria related with to 23.85°C, with the greater variation between the sur- sulfate reduction using enrichments cultures for the face and interface zone. Salinity was stable throughout Cariaco Basin. the water column at all depths and stations sampled, Several studies have been published describing the mi- ranging between 36.26 to 36.88 PSU. Dissolved O2 con- crobial community associated with the Cariaco Basin sulfur centration peaked at 40 m (4.009 mL/L) and declined cycle. Tuttle and Jannasch (1973) isolated several sulfide dramatically at depths below 200 m. The maximum mea- and thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria and Morris et al. (1985) sured sulfide concentration was obtained at the greatest isolated Alteromonas sp. from thiosulfate-containing en- depth for all stations during both years of sampling. These richment cultures [7,8]. With the development of molecu- physicochemical patterns are typical of the Cariaco Basin, lar biology, culture-independent methods have been used showing redox zonation and similar to those reported by to detect SRB populations in the Cariaco Basin [1,5,9]. To other authors [2,4,6-12]. Table 1 Physico-chemical parameters measured in the Cariaco Basin during the study Year 2005 Station Zone Depth (m) Temperature (°C) Salinity (PSU) Dissolved O2 (mL/L) *H2S(μM) A Oxic 230 17.90 36.43 0.0738† ND Interface 270 17.69 36.39 0.0688 1.22 Anoxic 900 17.03 36.26 0.0653 51.47 B Oxic 235 17.83 36.42 0.0711† ND Interface 275 17.63 36.38 0.0674 0.69 Anoxic 670 17.06 36.27 0.0646 ND Year 2006 Station Zone Depth (m) Temperature (°C) Salinity (PSU) Dissolved O2 (mL/L) *H2S(μM) A Oxic 100 21.08 36.79 3.2116 ND Interface 300 17.64 36.36 0.0157 5.39 Anoxic 400 17.46 36.33 0.0113 14.3 500 17.23 36.29 0.0113 25.55 B Oxic 215 17.97 36.41 0.0245† ND Interface 260 17.75 36.38 0.0122 6.62 290 17.70 36.37 0.0129 7.07 Anoxic 325 17.57 36.35 0.0131 11.09 640 17.10 36.26 0.0186 38.46 D Oxic 40 23.85 36.88 4.0087 ND 180 18.18 36.45 0.5738 ND Interface 270 17.80 36.39 0.0135 0.21 Anoxic 365 17.52 36.34 0.0197 13.31 500 17.40 36.33 0.0196 18.86 *Data from http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/. † Low DO values in oxic zones over the limit of interface layer where DO decays and H2S increases. PSU: Practical Salinity Units. ND: Not determined. Bozo-Hurtado et al. Aquatic Biosystems 2013, 9:17 Page 3 of 11 http://www.aquaticbiosystems.org/content/9/1/17 Bacteria enrichments in SRB media two from station B and four from station D (Figure 1). All Twenty-four cultures, in which black coloration with fer- of the cultures had variable cell morphology, with curved rous sulfide precipitation was observed, were selected for rod-shaped bacteria with polar spores predominant. further investigation. Using TWIN pack medium, two cul- tures were obtained during 2005: one from station A and Molecular identification another from station B. Using TP medium, we obtained All 16S RNA gene amplicons from the 24 cultures were thirteen cultures during 2006: one from station A, six from separated in the DGGE gels (Figure 1). The patterns com- station B, and six from station D. Using API medium, nine prised several bands, suggesting that different bacterial cultures were obtained during 2006: three from station A, types were present. Sixty-seven DGGE bands were excised A B2 API (290 m) API B2 B4 TP (640 m) B4 D7 API (365 m) D7 API B3.2 TwinB3.2 (235 m) (270 m) D2 API M D3 TP (305 m) A10 API (900 m) A10 API A9 API (500 m) A9 API D5 TP (40 m) B8 TP (245 m) B8 (500 m) D4 API M A3 API (300 m) A3 API 1 M1 11 M2 8 9 6 17 M3 19 13 M4 15 M5 B D8 TP (400 m) B3 TP (325 m) B3 A3.1 Twin (230 m) B1 API (260 m) API B1 B7 TP (215 m) B7 B1 TP (260 m) B1 A8 TP (400 m) B2 TP (290 m) B2 (40 m) D5 API D2 TP (270 m) D7 TP (365 m) D4 TP (500 m) M M 59 39 49 51 M2 57 41 46 63 67 40 53 55 58 M3 M4 52 M5 Figure 1 16S RNA gene amplified from DNA isolated from cultures. Separation of PCR products amplified with bacteria specific 16S rRNA primers in 6% polyacrylamide gels with 0–100% denaturing gradient. Panels A and B. 16S RNA gene amplified from DNA isolated from 24 cultures. The number above each lane indicates the culture name and the number in parenthesis represents depth of isolation in meters. Lanes M are the ladders: M1= Aquimarina muelleri, M2= Escherichia coli, M3= Sulfurimonas denitrificans, M4= Vibrio alginolyticus and M5= Mycobacterium smegmatis. The sequenced bands are identified by number. Bozo-Hurtado et al. Aquatic Biosystems 2013, 9:17 Page 4 of 11 http://www.aquaticbiosystems.org/content/9/1/17 and sequenced, but only 23 quality sequences were acladewithV.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discovered by Genomics Putative Reductive Dehalogenases with N-Terminus Transmembrane Helixes
    Discovered by genomics putative reductive dehalogenases with N-terminus transmembrane helixes Atashgahi, S. This is a "Post-Print" accepted manuscript, which has been published in "FEMS microbiology ecology" This version is distributed under a non-commercial no derivatives Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) user license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not used for commercial purposes. Further, the restriction applies that if you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. Please cite this publication as follows: Atashgahi, S. (2019). Discovered by genomics putative reductive dehalogenases with N-terminus transmembrane helixes. FEMS microbiology ecology, 95(5), [fiz048]. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz048 1 Discovered by genomics: Putative reductive dehalogenases with N-terminus 2 transmembrane helixes 3 Siavash Atashgahi 1,2,3 4 1 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The 5 Netherlands 6 2 Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 7 3 Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 8 [email protected]; [email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793- 9 2321; +31243652564 10 11 Abstract 12 Attempts for bioremediation of toxic organohalogens resulted in the identification 13 of organohalide-respiring bacteria harbouring reductive dehalogenases (RDases) enzymes. 14 RDases consist of the catalytic subunit (RdhA, encoded by rdhA) that does not have 15 membrane-integral domains, and a small putative membrane anchor (RdhB, encoded by 16 rdhB) that (presumably) locates the A subunit to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. 17 Recent genomic studies identified a putative rdh gene in an uncultured deltaproteobacterial 18 genome that was not accompanied by an rdhB gene, but contained transmembrane helixes 19 in N-terminus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Venezuelan Hydrocarbon Habitat, Part 1: Tectonics, Structure, Palaeogeography and Source Rocks
    Journal of Petroleum Geology, vo1.23(1), January 2000, pp 5-53. 5 THE VENEZUELAN HYDROCARBON HABITAT, PART 1: TECTONICS, STRUCTURE, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SOURCE ROCKS K. H. James* Venezuela forms part of an important hydrocarbon province, defined by the presence of prolific Cretaceous source rocks, which extends across northern South America. By early 1997, the country had produced 53 billion barrels of oil. Reserves are estimated to total 73 billion barrels of oil and 146 TCF of gas with 250 billion barrels recoverable in the Heavy Oil Belt. Most reserves are located within the intermontane Maracaibo and foreland Barinas-Apure and Eastern Venezuela BasinxThey correspond to more than 1.5 trillion BOE originally in place. The province S hydrocarbon history began with a broad passive margin over which the sea transgressed throughout much ofthe Cretaceous. Limestones and shales followed basal sands and included rich source rocks. Convergence between the distal part of the area and the Caribbean Plate created an active margin that migrated southwards, so that flysch and wildflysch followed the transgressive facies. The process culminated in Lute Cretaceous to Middle Eocene orogeny with the emplacement of southward-vergent nappes and the development of northward-deepeningforedeeps. Flysch and wildflysch formed in the north while important deltaic - paralic reservoir sands accumulated in the south. Major phases of hydrocarbon generationfrom Jurassic-Cretaceoussource rocks occurred across the entire margin of northern South America during the orogeny. They are recorded by Jurassic - Middle Cretaceous graphitic marbles, schists and quartzites (metamorphosed, organic limestones and shales and oil-bearing sandstones) in the Coastal and Northern Ranges of Venezuela and Trinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Local Rivers on the Eastern Cariaco Basin, Venezuela
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-1-2005 The nflueI nce Of Local Rivers On The aE stern Cariaco Basin, Venezuela Laura Lorenzoni University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Lorenzoni, Laura, "The nflueI nce Of Local Rivers On The Eastern Cariaco Basin, Venezuela" (2005). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/747 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Influence Of Local Rivers On The Eastern Cariaco Basin, Venezuela by Laura Lorenzoni A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Frank E. Muller-Karger, Ph.D. Kendall L. Carder, Ph.D. Gabriel A. Vargo, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 1, 2005 Keywords: bottom nepheloid layer, colored dissolved organic matter, subtropical underwater, remote sensing reflectance, anoxic basin © Copyright 2005 , Laura Lorenzoni Acknowledgements If I wanted to thank all the people that have made this possible by enriching my knowledge, lending a hand when in need or just sharing special moments during my stay at the College of Marine Science, I’d have to write another manuscript, with twice the number of pages (including figures). Unfortunately, that is not an option, and I’ll have to settle for this short page.
    [Show full text]
  • Compile.Xlsx
    Silva OTU GS1A % PS1B % Taxonomy_Silva_132 otu0001 0 0 2 0.05 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un; otu0002 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteriia;Solibacterales;Solibacteraceae_(Subgroup_3);PAUC26f; otu0003 49 0.82 5 0.12 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Aminicenantia;Aminicenantales;Aminicenantales_fa;Aminicenantales_ge; otu0004 1 0.02 7 0.17 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;AT-s3-28;AT-s3-28_or;AT-s3-28_fa;AT-s3-28_ge; otu0005 1 0.02 0 0 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Blastocatellia_(Subgroup_4);Blastocatellales;Blastocatellaceae;Blastocatella; otu0006 0 0 2 0.05 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Holophagae;Subgroup_7;Subgroup_7_fa;Subgroup_7_ge; otu0007 1 0.02 0 0 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;ODP1230B23.02;ODP1230B23.02_or;ODP1230B23.02_fa;ODP1230B23.02_ge; otu0008 1 0.02 15 0.36 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_17;Subgroup_17_or;Subgroup_17_fa;Subgroup_17_ge; otu0009 9 0.15 41 0.99 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_21;Subgroup_21_or;Subgroup_21_fa;Subgroup_21_ge; otu0010 5 0.08 50 1.21 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_22;Subgroup_22_or;Subgroup_22_fa;Subgroup_22_ge; otu0011 2 0.03 11 0.27 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_26;Subgroup_26_or;Subgroup_26_fa;Subgroup_26_ge; otu0012 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_5;Subgroup_5_or;Subgroup_5_fa;Subgroup_5_ge; otu0013 1 0.02 13 0.32 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_6;Subgroup_6_or;Subgroup_6_fa;Subgroup_6_ge; otu0014 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_6;Subgroup_6_un;Subgroup_6_un;Subgroup_6_un; otu0015 8 0.13 30 0.73 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_9;Subgroup_9_or;Subgroup_9_fa;Subgroup_9_ge;
    [Show full text]
  • Halophilic Bacteroidetes As an Example on How Their Genomes Interact with the Environment
    DOCTORAL THESIS 2020 PHYLOGENOMICS OF BACTEROIDETES; HALOPHILIC BACTEROIDETES AS AN EXAMPLE ON HOW THEIR GENOMES INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Raúl Muñoz Jiménez DOCTORAL THESIS 2020 Doctoral Programme of Environmental and Biomedical Microbiology PHYLOGENOMICS OF BACTEROIDETES; HALOPHILIC BACTEROIDETES AS AN EXAMPLE ON HOW THEIR GENOMES INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Raúl Muñoz Jiménez Thesis Supervisor: Ramon Rosselló Móra Thesis Supervisor: Rudolf Amann Thesis tutor: Elena I. García-Valdés Pukkits Doctor by the Universitat de les Illes Balears Publications resulted from this thesis Munoz, R., Rosselló-Móra, R., & Amann, R. (2016). Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 39(5), 281–296 Munoz, R., Rosselló-Móra, R., & Amann, R. (2016). Corrigendum to “Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov.” [Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 39 (5) (2016) 281–296]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 39, 491–492. Munoz, R., Amann, R., & Rosselló-Móra, R. (2019). Ancestry and adaptive radiation of Bacteroidetes as assessed by comparative genomics. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 43(2), 126065. Dr. Ramon Rosselló Móra, of the Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, Esporles and Dr. Rudolf Amann, of the Max-Planck-Institute für Marine Mikrobiologie, Bremen WE DECLARE: That the thesis titled Phylogenomics of Bacteroidetes; halophilic Bacteroidetes as an example on how their genomes interact with the environment, presented by Raúl Muñoz Jiménez to obtain a doctoral degree, has been completed under our supervision and meets the requirements to opt for an International Doctorate. For all intents and purposes, we hereby sign this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Physico-Chemical and Biological Factors Influencing Dinoflagellate
    Biogeosciences, 15, 2325–2348, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2325-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Physico-chemical and biological factors influencing dinoflagellate cyst production in the Cariaco Basin Manuel Bringué1,2,a, Robert C. Thunell1, Vera Pospelova2, James L. Pinckney1,3, Oscar E. Romero4, and Eric J. Tappa1 1School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208, USA 2School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada 3Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, 700 Sumter Street, EWS 604, Columbia, SC 29208, USA 4MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, Leobenerstraße, 28359 Bremen, Germany anow at: Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33rd Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2L 2A7, Canada Correspondence: Manuel Bringué ([email protected]) Received: 20 November 2017 – Discussion started: 22 November 2017 Revised: 19 March 2018 – Accepted: 25 March 2018 – Published: 19 April 2018 Abstract. We present a 2.5-year-long sediment trap record duction in the basin with a 1-year lag, and may have con- of dinoflagellate cyst production in the Cariaco Basin, off tributed to the unusually high fluxes of cysts type “Cp” Venezuela (southern Caribbean Sea). The site lies under (possibly the cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium the influence of wind-driven, seasonal upwelling which pro- polykrikoides sensu Li et al., 2015), with cyst type Cp fluxes motes high levels of primary productivity during boreal win- up to 11.8 × 103 cysts m−2 day−1 observed during the weak ter and spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Characterization of the Uncultured Bacteroidales Family S24-7 Inhabiting the Guts of Homeothermic Animals Kate L
    Ormerod et al. Microbiome (2016) 4:36 DOI 10.1186/s40168-016-0181-2 RESEARCH Open Access Genomic characterization of the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7 inhabiting the guts of homeothermic animals Kate L. Ormerod1, David L. A. Wood1, Nancy Lachner1, Shaan L. Gellatly2, Joshua N. Daly1, Jeremy D. Parsons3, Cristiana G. O. Dal’Molin4, Robin W. Palfreyman4, Lars K. Nielsen4, Matthew A. Cooper5, Mark Morrison6, Philip M. Hansbro2 and Philip Hugenholtz1* Abstract Background: Our view of host-associated microbiota remains incomplete due to the presence of as yet uncultured constituents. The Bacteroidales family S24-7 is a prominent example of one of these groups. Marker gene surveys indicate that members of this family are highly localized to the gastrointestinal tracts of homeothermic animals and are increasingly being recognized as a numerically predominant member of the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the nature of their interactions with the host. Results: Here, we provide the first whole genome exploration of this family, for which we propose the name “Candidatus Homeothermaceae,” using 30 population genomes extracted from fecal samples of four different animal hosts: human, mouse, koala, and guinea pig. We infer the core metabolism of “Ca. Homeothermaceae” to be that of fermentative or nanaerobic bacteria, resembling that of related Bacteroidales families. In addition, we describe three trophic guilds within the family, plant glycan (hemicellulose and pectin), host glycan, and α-glucan, each broadly defined by increased abundance of enzymes involved in the degradation of particular carbohydrates. Conclusions: “Ca. Homeothermaceae” representatives constitute a substantial component of the murine gut microbiota, as well as being present within the human gut, and this study provides important first insights into the nature of their residency.
    [Show full text]
  • Processes of Coastal Upwelling and Carbon Flux in the Cariaco Basin
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 927–943 www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Processes of coastal upwelling and carbon flux in the Cariaco Basin Frank Muller-Kargera,Ã, RamonVarela b, Robert Thunellc, Yrene Astorb, Haiying Zhanga, Remy Luerssena, Chuanmin Hua aCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA bFundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita, Apartado 144 Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela cDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Received 18 September 2002; accepted 6 October 2003 Available online 15 September 2004 Abstract Monthly hydrographic, phytoplankton biomass and primary production, bio-optical observations, and settling particulate organic carbon flux observations were collected at 10.51N, 64.671W within the Cariaco Basin, off Venezuela, for a period exceeding seven years starting in November 1995. These data were combined with a time series of Sea- viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR), and European Remote Sensing Satellite/QuikScat data to examine the spatial extent of a cold coastal upwelling plume and a phytoplankton bloom associated with it. The seasonal upwelling cycle was directly linked to the intensity of the Trade Winds, with sea-surface temperature (SST) changes lagging the wind by 1–2 weeks. The seasonal cycle of most properties was punctuated by transient phenomena, some of which caused subsurface ventilation and also high primary production events. Integrated primary production ranged from 650, 574, and 593 g C mÀ2 yrÀ1 in1996, 1997, and2001, respectively, to 372, 484, and 448 g C mÀ2 yrÀ1, respectively, in 1998, 1999, and 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancylomarina Psychrotolerans Sp. Nov., Isolated from Sediments of Fildes Peninsula and Emended the Description of Genus Ancylomarina
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (2018) 111:1183–1189 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1025-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Ancylomarina psychrotolerans sp. nov., isolated from sediments of Fildes Peninsula and emended the description of genus Ancylomarina Chao Jia . Hong-chang Cui . Yan-qiong Han . Tian-yu Fu . Rui Du . Xiao-lei Wang . Xiao-chong Shi . Xiao-Hua Zhang Received: 7 December 2017 / Accepted: 25 January 2018 / Published online: 17 February 2018 Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract A Gram-stain negative, obligately anaer- of 3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain 4SWWS2-6T contained obic, non-motile, asporogenous long rod-shaped and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the major respiratory non-flagellated bacterial strain, designated 4SWWS2- quinone and held iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso- T 6 , was isolated from sediment in the intertidal zone of C15:0 3-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. The major Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. Phylogenetic analysis polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phos- based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that phatidylmonomethylethanolamine, an aminolipid, strain 4SWWS2-6T belongs to the genus Ancylo- two unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospho- marina and showed high sequence similarity with lipid. The DNA G ? C content of strain 4SWWS2-6T Ancylomarina subtilis FA102T (96.5%). Optimal was 37.6 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic growth occurred at pH 6.5, 16 °C and in the presence analyses, strain 4SWWS2-6T is considered to repre- sent a novel species in the genus Ancylomarina, for which the name Ancylomarina psychrotolerans sp. T The GenBank Accession Number for the 16S rRNA gene nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from by 1690 056812 Printed in Great Britain IP: 93.91.26.97 On: Mon, 04 Jan 2016 22:03:13 Draconibacterium Orientale Gen
    10919 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2014), 64, 1690–1696 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.056812-0 Draconibacterium orientale gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from two distinct marine environments, and proposal of Draconibacteriaceae fam. nov. Zong-Jun Du,1,2 Ying Wang,1 Christopher Dunlap,3 Alejandro P. Rooney3 and Guan-Jun Chen1,2 Correspondence 1College of Marine Science, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China Guan-Jun Chen 2State key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China [email protected] 3National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA The taxonomic characteristics of two bacterial strains, FH5T and SS4, isolated from enrichment cultures obtained from two distinct marine environments, were determined. These bacteria were Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. Growth occurred at 20–40 6C (optimum, 28– 32 6C), pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and in the presence of 1–7 % NaCl (optimum, 2– 4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the sole respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unkown phospholipid and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains FH5T and SS4 were both determined to be 42.0 mol%. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that the FH5T and SS4 genomes share greater than 95 % relatedness. The strains formed a distinct phyletic line within the class Bacteroidia, with less than 89.4 % sequence similarity to their closest relatives with validly published names.
    [Show full text]
  • Corals at the Extreme: Partitioning the Response of Coral Holobionts to Marginal Habitats
    Corals at the extreme: partitioning the response of coral holobionts to marginal habitats Bethan Greenwood A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology School of Life Sciences University of Essex October 2020 Abstract While coral reefs worldwide are threatened by unprecedented environmental change, some reef-building corals can already be found living under extreme conditions within marginal habitats. Learning how corals can survive high temperature fluctuations and multiple other stressors experienced in mangroves, relative to typical reefs, is a key step in understanding the adaptive capacity of reef-building corals to future environmental change. The role of the coral host, symbiotic algae, and diverse microbiota, and how these components of the holobiont interact to define the adaptive capacity of reef-building corals requires further exploration. In this thesis, the thermal tolerance limits of conspecific corals from a mangrove versus a reef habitat were tested in a 20-day heat-ramping experiment. Heating corals beyond their regional thermal maxima caused severe decreases in productivity, irrespective of which habitat the coral came from, but corals from the mangrove habitat suffered less thermally induced bleaching. Amplicon sequencing coral holobionts from reef and mangrove habitats in Indonesia and the Seychelles revealed significant habitat-dependent differences in coral microbiome compositions. A potentially novel coral-bacteria symbiosis between a mangrove-dwelling merulinid coral and an unclassified spirochaete, which accounted for 47% of the coral’s bacterial community, was also uncovered, though its role in the holobiont remains unknown. Reciprocal translocations of corals between reef and mangrove habitats resulted in rapid reorganisation of coral-associated bacterial communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Abundance, Distribution and Behaviour of Common
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 9. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2009 doi:10.1017/S002531540999097X Abundance, distribution and behaviour of common dolphins, Delphinus spp., off north-eastern Venezuela: implications for conservation and management lenin oviedo1,2, mari’a alejandra esteves1, romina acevedo2, noemi silva2, jaime bolan~os-jime’nez3, ana mari’a quevedo4 and marc ferna’ ndez5 1Proyecto Delphinus, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 2Proyecto Golfo de la Ballena—Biotro´pica, Caracas, Venezuela, 3Sociedad Ecolo´gica Venezolana Vida Marina (Sea Vida, AP 162, Cagua, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, 4Postgrado Ecologı´a, Instituto de Zoologı´a tropical, UCV, 5CIRN/FCT and Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Ac¸ores (UAC), Portugal The north-eastern coast of Venezuela hosts a high diversity of megafauna, particularly related with high productivity due to coastal upwelling. This area is mainly characterized by the existence of the primary fisheries in Venezuela, mostly supported by a great abundance of small pelagic species. This would explain why the area supports a wide range of marine top predators, including cetaceans. The current status of cetacean populations off north-eastern Venezuela is uncertain, mainly because research efforts have been very sparse. There are still many gaps of information in cetacean biology to establish a solid baseline that can be used for management decisions. Common dolphins (Delphinus spp.) are widely dispersed over the whole north- east basin, including waters off Araya and Paria Peninsula and around Margarita, Coche and Cubagua Islands. Areas of higher densities for Delphinus spp. coincide with the focal location of sardine fisheries and the most-active upwelling on the north-eastern coast.
    [Show full text]