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Tectonics, Circulation, and Climate in the Caribbean Gateway

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Tectonics, Circulation, and Climate in the Caribbean Gateway Tectonics, Circulation, and Climate in the Caribbean Gateway Final report of the JOI workshop Held in Austin, Texas, on March 30-April 1, 2006 Convenors and editors: Paul Mann (University of Texas at Austin) Larry Peterson (University of Miami) André Droxler (Rice University) Sponsored by: Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Table of Contents Caribbean Workshop Participants and Areas of Expertise..............................................................1 Executive summary 3 Significance 3 Workshop results. 3 Introduction 4 Significance of the global conveyor belt. ..................................................................................4 Integrating Caribbean tectonic evolution and paleoceanographic events..................................6 Late Jurassic (145 Ma) ..................................................................................................6 Aptian (118 Ma). 7 Campanian (83 Ma).......................................................................................................8 Late Eocene (41 Ma)......................................................................................................8 Late Oligocene (25 Ma)...............................................................................................10 Middle Miocene (15 Ma) .............................................................................................10 Late Miocene (9 Ma)....................................................................................................11 Effects of the closure of the Central American seaway...........................................................11 Links between the Central American seaway closure and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciations.................................................................................................12 Other gateway closure events in the Caribbean.......................................................................12 Workshop activities ....................................................................................................................14 Workshop organization............................................................................................................14 Overview talks ....................................................................................................................15 Division of participants into thematic groups................................................................................18 Thematic Group 1: Caribbean plate reconstructions and marine geophysical surveys of the Caribbean gateways .............................................................................18 Key areas for study: Northern Caribbean and Straits of Florida. ............................................19 Key areas for study: Southeastern Caribbean. .........................................................................20 Thematic Group 2: Tectonic and climatic significance of the Caribbean oceanic plateau .......26 Thematic Group 3: Tectonic and climatic studies of the Cariaco basin....................................31 Thematic Group 4: Significance of marine ash layers in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific Ocean .........................................................................................................32 Controls on buried ashes..........................................................................................................35 Tools to be used in this study...................................................................................................35 Thematic Group 5: Tectonic and paleogeographic significance of the Anegada Passage and Puerto Rico trench area .......................................................................35 Summary of workshop target areas................................................................................................38 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................39 References cited ......................................................................................................................1 Appendix 1. Presentations made at the 2006 IODP Caribbean workshop, March 30-April 1, 2006...........................................................................................................A1 A. Table of ten overview talks covering tectonic and paleoceanographic/climatic aspects of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean ..A1 Overview Talk 1. Caribbean plate model and its constraints on 165 million years of gateway history......................................................................... A2 –ii– Overview Talk 2. Caribbean Circulation Overview and Late Quaternary High- Resolution Climate Records from the Cariaco Basin................... A4 Overview Talk 3. Caribbean constraints on circulation between Atlantic and Pacific oceans over the past 40 million years .............................. A5 Overview Talk 4. The History of North Atlantic Deep Water over the past 35 Million years ................................................................................. A6 Overview Talk 5. The Global Distribution of metal anomalies around the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary: Evidence for the Caribbean Plateau Formation–OAE2 Connection......................................... A7 Overview Talk 6. Basinal record and tectonic history of SE Caribbean: New seismic data as a guide for future drilling.................................... A8 Overview Talk 7. Relevance of vertebratep to Caribbean paleoceanography.......... A9 Overview Talk 8. Interaction of tectonics and paleoceanography in the northern Caribbean, Yucatan Straits and Straits of Florida..................... A10 Overview Talk 9. Proposal submission to the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) ........................................................................................ A11 Overview Talk 10. Closure of the Atlantic-Pacific gateway, orogenesis of the northern Andes, and biogeographical and evolutionary consequences for Colombian ecosystems: perspectives for new IODP-ICDP research ................................................................. A13 B. Table of twenty-five poster presentations covering tectonic and paleoceano- graphic/climatic aspects of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean .................................................................................................................A15 Poster 1. Volcanic ashes from large volcanic eruptions in Central and South America and the Caribbean igneous basement ................ A17 Poster 2. Tectonics, earthquakes, and sedimentation in transform basins: An integrated approach for the Caribbean plate boundaries..... A18 Poster 3. Strain partitioning within the CARIB —SOAM right-lateral strike slip PBZ............................................................................. A19 Poster 4. Subduction zone migration and polarity reversal along the Caribbean-South American diffuse plate boundary at 64W....... A20 Poster 5. Imaging the SE Caribbean accretionary boundary: Results from the BOLIVAR seismic reflection and refraction data at 65W and 67W.............................................................................. A21 Poster 6. More questions more than answers: Looking for evidence of early Tertiary subduction along the northern Caribbean margin......................................................................................... A22 Poster 7. Late Miocene-Recent oblique subduction of the Bahama Platform beneath the northeastern corner of the Caribbean plate: Gateway opening, extreme subduction erosion, and earthquake and tsunami hazards ................................................ A23 Poster 8. A new survey studies the Northeastern Caribbean plate: GEOPRICO-DO Project............................................................. A25 Poster 9. The northern Caribbean plate boundary: High concentration of diverse plate tectonic processes.............................................. A26 –iii– Poster 10. Bering Sea gateways: Tectonically kindred and oceanographically connected to those of the Caribbean........................................... A27 Poster 11. Indonesian seaway closure and the early history of the Western Pacific Warm Pool during the Middle to Late Miocene: Broader implications about tectonic gateways and changes in ocean circulation ........................................................................ A28 Poster 12. Distinguishing mechanisms of abrupt climate change in the geologic record of the last ice age.............................................. A29 Poster 13. Verification of hurricane forecast skill improvements in modelsA30 Poster 14. Assessing the Caribbean thermocline ventilation and its role in global climate.............................................................................. A31 Poster 15. 10Be stratigraphy of the Caribbean gateway .............................. A32 18 Poster 16. What are the relationships between salinity and δ Ow: The Caribbean as an example............................................................ A33 Poster 17. Iron deposits in the Atlantic and Caribbean and their relationship to climate ................................................................ A34 Poster 18. Florida to Barbados drilling transect of drowned coral reefs for Pleistocene sea level and paleoclimate reconstructions: An IODP proposal............................................................................ A35 Poster 19. Consideration
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