MUSCULAR SYSTEM DISEASES & DISORDERS Berryhill & Cashion HS1/2017-2018 LECTURE 5, SLIDES 2-15

Objectives: • Identify diseases, disorders, and injury of the muscular system • Identify signs, symptoms, and treatment methods associated with muscular diseases and disorders DISEASES/DISORDERS:

Fibromyalgia https://youtu.be/l5uJcWqWGw8 chronic, widespread pain in specific muscle sites Symptoms = pain, stiffness, numbness or tingling in arms or legs, sleep disturbances, headaches, depression Cause = unknown; stress, weather, & poor physical fitness affect the condition Treatment = directed toward pain relief by - PT, massage, exercise, stress reduction, meds to relax muscles and relief pain DISEASES/DISORDERS: Muscular Dystrophy

Group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy Usually appears in childhood Most types result in total disability & early death Most common type is Duchene MD DISEASES/DISORDERS: Duchenne MD

Cause = genetic defect; @ birth infant is healthy but as muscle cells die, child loses the ability to move Onset = 2-5 years of age By 9-13 years, child is confined to wheelchair Muscle weakness affects heart & diaphragm = respiratory/cardiac failure = death DISEASES/DISORDERS: Duchenne MD

Life expectancy = late teens-early 20’s Treatment = no cure; PT used to slow the progress DISEASES/DISORDERS: Myasthenia Gravis https://youtu.be/j80reMSwQs4

Chronic condition where nerve impulses aren’t properly transmitted to muscles This leads to progressive muscular weakness & paralysis If MG affects respiratory muscles, it can be fatal DISEASES/DISORDERS:

Myasthenia Gravis Cause = unknown; may be autoimmune (antibodies attack body’s own tissues) Treatment = no cure; only supportive care DISEASES/DISORDERS:

Muscle Spasms https://youtu.be/2s6JmL3mFuY AKA muscle cramps Sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions Usually occur in legs or feet Cause = overexertion, low electrolyte levels, poor circulation Treatment = gentle pressure & stretching DISEASES/DISORDERS:

Strain https://youtu.be/FFyQeOQjO9o Overstretching of or injury to a muscle and/or tendon Frequently occur in back, arms, legs Cause = prolonged or sudden muscle exertion Symptoms = myalgia (muscle pain), swelling, limited movement Treatment = rest, muscle relaxants, pain meds, elevating the extremity, alternating hot & cold packs DO YOU KNOW?

• What disabling muscle disorder usually affects children? A) Fibromyalgia B) Muscular Dystrophy C)Myasthenia Gravis D) Strain

And the answer is….B DO YOU KNOW?

• What is the recommended treatment for a muscle spasm in the calf? A) Alternating hot and cold applications B) Physical therapy C) Stretch the muscle D) Pain medication

And the answer is…C DO YOU KNOW?

• What muscle injury is often caused by overstretching a muscle? A) Fibromyalgia B) Strain C) Dislocation D) Atrophy

And the answer is…B DO YOU KNOW?

• Which condition causes heavy drooping eyelids (ptosis)? A) Muscular Dystrophy B) Myasthenias Gravis C) Fibrositis D) Fibromyalgia

And the answer is…B DO YOU KNOW?

• When a muscle ceases to perform without losing nerve function (when it atrophies), this condition may be identified as the following? A) Muscular dystrophy B) Myasthenia gravis C) Fibromyalgia D) Carpel tunnel syndrome

And the answer is…A