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Impacts of Covid-19 on Community Sport and Sport for Development Discussion Paper

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Impacts of Covid-19 on Community Sport and Sport for Development Discussion Paper Commonwealth Moves A special focus on Sport, Physical Activity and Covid-19 | 2020/01 The Implications of COVID -19 for Community Sport and Sport for Development Peter Donnelly, Simon Darnell and Bruce Kidd with Priyansh, Marc Lizoain and Mathew Blundell. University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Centre for Sport Policy Studies Executive Summary • Many sports organisations, including their athletes, responded with immediate This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 cooperation with closures and other public pandemic on community sport (CS) and sport for health measures; volunteering in emergency development (SfD) in Commonwealth countries. centres; preventative health messaging about The authors conducted an extensive review of hand-washing, physical distancing and the literature from Commonwealth and other websites, importance of ongoing physical activity; and including the Commonwealth Coronavirus the repurposing of facilities for emergency Resource Centre; reviewed programme documents shelters and food depots. of seven SfD agencies operating in at least 13 Commonwealth countries; and interviewed • Many local governments and sports eight academic and professional colleagues with organisations developed innovative expertise in Community Sport and SfD across approaches to the changed circumstances the Commonwealth. the virus necessitated, creating programming that could be delivered online and by Our major findings are as follows: traditional media such as radio and • Few countries were prepared for the pandemic, loudspeakers; modifying and creating especially in the areas of CS and SfD. new activities appropriate to restricted environments; closing streets and opening • The pandemic exposed the underfunding new bike lanes to enable physically distanced and neglect of physical education and CS, walking, running and cycling; and working with which resulted in the sector being unable to public health experts to develop safe ‘return to serve as a significant source of resilience for play’ guidelines. country populations. • The preoccupation with high-performance • Participation in sport and physical activity fell sport, at a time of severe financial challenge significantly as a result of the pandemic, with across the entire sports sector, created a likely severe impact on mental health and additional barriers to what could be general well-being; the pandemic exacerbated accomplished without significant, targeted the already lower participation of girls and public reinvestment in CS and SfD. women. 2 \ The Implications of COVID-19 for Community Sport and Sport for Development Acronyms and Abbreviations We recommend that Commonwealth countries: CAC Coaches Across Continents 1. Immediately begin planning for a second COVID 19 - novel coronavirus wave of COVID-19 and future pandemics (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) with strategies for CS and SfD that include CS Community Sport consultations for community mobilisation, prevention measures, programme CUI Canadian Urban Institute adaptations, return to play guidelines and PYDF Positive Youth Development Foundation appropriate training. The Commonwealth Secretariat should play a coordinating role SDGs Sustainable Development Goals in the development of such planning and SfD Sport for Development training. SDP Sport for Development and Peace 2. Immediately strengthen investments in CS and SfD as preventative health measures, in UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific keeping with the Sustainable Development and Cultural Organisation Goals (SDGs). A first step would be to UNDESA United Nations Department of implement ‘common indicators to measure Economic and Social Affairs the contribution of physical education, physical activity and sport to prioritised SDGs and targets,’ as already agreed 1. Introduction to in Action 2 of the Kazan Action Plan. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the Governments should plan to fund, monitor frailty of and the urgent need to redesign the and evaluate CS and SfD as essential social contract (Financial Times, 2020; The Lancet, components of national population health. 2020). Elderly people in long-term care facilities; 3. Ensure the sports sector ‘builds back better’ low-income individuals, disproportionately women, by applying a gender equality lens to all working in low-paid, essential jobs that expose ongoing planning and investment. them to risk; or those unemployed as economies have shut down have been most likely to suffer and 4. Be directly involved in the activation of die from COVID-19 (Dennis, 2020; Marmot, 2020). pandemic planning for further COVID-19 Countries with impoverished health systems and waves, and for any future pandemics, to weak economies have suffered most from the virus. ensure coordination. Ministers should communicate clearly with the sports sector The social inequality exacerbated by the pandemic on how it could be engaged beneficially. has drawn increased attention to the medical and social determinants of health. The medical 5. Take the lead in working with public health model focuses on the immediate needs of those authorities and sports bodies in updating, infected, including the development of a vaccine communicating and coordinating uniform, as the primary solution. The social determinants safe return to play guidelines. perspective considers the impact on the entire 6. Ensure as much as possible that the public population, not just those with the disease. In space innovations introduced in urban keeping with the Sustainable Development Goals areas during COVID-19, such as the street (SDGs), the social determinants perspective closures and additional bike lanes that have applies an equity lens to ensure no one is left enabled safe walking, running and cycling, behind. ‘Socio-economic status is the strongest are made permanent. determinant of health. Long-term economic harm may have greater health consequences than COVID-19’ (Goel, 2020). Socio-economic status is also the strongest determinant of participation in recreational sport and physical activity. It is well documented that such Commonwealth Moves | 2020/01 \ 3 activity is important for individual and population 2. Evidence health. Government austerity measures in many Commonwealth countries since the 1980s have 2.1 Prevention measures introduced in increasingly removed public sector support to sport physical education in schools and recreational sport Government policy responses to the pandemic and physical activity in communities. Freely available varied, depending on their concern about sport has been replaced by various pay-to-play COVID-19 spreading to their country or the initiatives by the public and private sectors and non- appearance of cases. Some countries responded governmental organisations. quickly in anticipation of the pandemic (e.g. The latter, including sport for development Botswana, New Zealand) and have benefited from (SfD) organisations, supported by sponsorships, this rapid response by having relatively few cases. corporate social responsibility and charitable Some responded more slowly and have seen higher donations, have moved in to provide cheaper rates of confirmed cases and deaths and protracted alternatives to comprehensive state programmes. lockdown measures. These alternatives may well benefit those Most cases imposed a state of national emergency they reach but they cover only a fraction of the and introduced similar national policies . These population and are rarely sustained. Many rely national policies included the following:1 primarily on well-meaning but inexperienced youthful volunteers. All this has meant falling rates • Non-essential businesses and services were of participation and social systems that are much closed down, and those who were able to were more fragile. In the face of the pandemic, school encouraged/required to work from home. and community sport have provided much less • Quarantines were imposed on those who resilience than they could have done. tested positive, on those arriving from another These issues bring a number of long-standing country and on vulnerable facilities such as concerns of Commonwealth governments into long-term care homes. sharp relief: the scourge of global inequality; • Physical distancing rules were introduced the need for evidence-led approaches to policy (usually 2 m) and enforced. development and government action; and the importance of a strong, well-funded and • Wearing surgical masks was encouraged coordinated public sector. in many countries, and required in some countries and locations. It is in this context that this paper examines the policy implications of COVID-19 for community • All public events that brought large numbers sport (CS) and SfD. After outlining our sources of of people into close proximity were postponed data, we present and discuss the evidence in five or cancelled (e.g. schools, concerts, sports areas: events, theatres). • COVID-19 prevention measures in CS; • Limits were imposed on the number of people who could congregate in a public space. • Mobilising CS to respond to the pandemic; • Some national borders were closed to non- • Establishing guidelines for return to activity; essential travel, and bans on non-essential • Programme modifications; andPossibilities for travel were imposed in some countries (e.g. building back better. Wales banned recreational travel into national parks; people in Scotland are still restricted, We conclude with a discussion at the time of writing, to a range of 8 km from and recommendations.
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