Proto-Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
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Greek Religion and the Tradition of Myth Religion
Greek Religion and The Tradition of Myth Religion • Religion • An institutionalized system of rituals. • An institution is a “system of ideas whose object is to explain the world” (Durkheim, 1965: 476). • Spiritualism • A belief in forces that exist outside of space and time but that can act within those domains Culture and Belief • “Religion is sociologically interesting not because, as vulgar positivism would have it, it describes the social order...but because... it shapes it” (Geertz 1973, 119). • “The social function of myth is to bind together social groups as wholes or, in other words, to establish a social consensus” (Halpern 1961, 137). Mythos • Archaic Greek: a story, speech, utterance. • Essentially declarative in nature • Classical Greek: An unsubstantiated claim • Mythographos • Logographos • Logopoios Modern Definitions • “…Myth is defined as a complex of traditional tales in which significant human situations are united in fantastic combinations to form a polyvalent semiotic system which is used in multifarious ways to illuminate reality…” • (Burkert 1985: 120). • “A traditional story with collective importance” • (Powell, 2009: 2) Logos • An argument • A statement or story based on comparative evaluation or collection of data • The result of a process • A study • Bio-logy, Socio-logy, mytho-logy • Powell: • logos is defined by authorship, it has a known origin, • mythos is anonymous, it exists in a social milieu undefined by its origin Truth and Falsehood • “The poet and the historian differ not by writing in verse or in prose… The true difference is that one relates what has happened, the other what may happen. Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular.” • (Aristotle Poetics 1451a. -
Një Udhëzues Për Festat Pagane Shqiptare- -A Guide to Albanian Pagan Festivities- © Pagan Shqiptar © © Atp © -2021
(Mali i Tomorrit, ‘‘Olimpi’’ Shqiptar - Tomorri Mountain, Albanian "Olympus") ⊕ -NJË UDHËZUES PËR FESTAT PAGANE SHQIPTARE- -A GUIDE TO ALBANIAN PAGAN FESTIVITIES- © PAGAN SHQIPTAR © © ATP © -2021- 2 1 -Parathënie ⊕ Preface- Këto artikuj të përmbledhur në këtë vepër përbënjë veprën e parë kushtuar krejtësisht festave pagane shqiptare. Botuar gjatë gjithë vitit 2020, secili prej tyre përqëndrohet në një festë specifike në një mënyrë të shkurtër e cila do të mundësojë një kuptim më të mirë të tyre, madje edhe për ata që nuk kanë njohuri mbi festat tona pagane shqiptare, por gjithashtu përmbajnë shumë detaje interesante që nxjerrin në pah perspektiva dhe kuptime të reja mbi festat tona pagane. Në të vërtetë, këto prezantime nuk janë prezantime të themeluara tashmë të festave tona antike pagane, por ato janë të mbushura me interpretime që i japin mundësi lexuesit të kuptojë dhe vlersojë ato në nivelet më të larta. Në nivel simbolik, çdo festë duhet të kuptohet si reflektim tokësor i një realiteti më të lartë kozmik. Duke u rrotulluar rreth këtyre festave, paraardhësit tanë ishin në një akordim me ritmin e Natyrës dhe në harmoni me Kozmosin, disiplina hynore e universit. Në nivelin historik, fakti që disa nga këto praktika u vunë re ende në mesin e njerëzve tanë në mes të shekullit XX, dëshmon se ato nuk janë një pjesë e parëndësishme e identitetit tonë. Për më tepër, respektimi i tyre, pavarësisht nga ndarjet e besimeve midis njerëzve tanë, dëshmon identitetin tonë të përbashkët dhe na bën me të vërtetë një popull. Në të vërtetë, nën festat tona antike pagane, ne gjejmë vlera që paraardhësit tanë i respektonin dhe i konsideronin si më të dashurit e tyre. -
1 Name 2 Zeus in Myth
Zeus For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). Zeus (English pronunciation: /ˈzjuːs/[3] ZEWS); Ancient Greek Ζεύς Zeús, pronounced [zdeǔ̯s] in Classical Attic; Modern Greek: Δίας Días pronounced [ˈði.as]) is the god of sky and thunder and the ruler of the Olympians of Mount Olympus. The name Zeus is cognate with the first element of Roman Jupiter, and Zeus and Jupiter became closely identified with each other. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he is married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort The Chariot of Zeus, from an 1879 Stories from the Greek is Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Tragedians by Alfred Church. Aphrodite by Dione.[4] He is known for his erotic es- capades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, the Proto-Indo-European god of the daytime sky, also [10][11] Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, called *Dyeus ph2tēr (“Sky Father”). The god is Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); known under this name in the Rigveda (Vedic San- by Hera, he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe skrit Dyaus/Dyaus Pita), Latin (compare Jupiter, from and Hephaestus.[5] Iuppiter, deriving from the Proto-Indo-European voca- [12] tive *dyeu-ph2tēr), deriving from the root *dyeu- As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, (“to shine”, and in its many derivatives, “sky, heaven, “Even the gods who are not his natural children address [10] [6] god”). -
Part I the Religions of Indian Origin
Part I The Religions of Indian Origin MRC01 13 6/4/04, 10:46 AM Religions of Indian Origin AFGHANISTAN CHINA Amritsar Kedamath Rishikesh PAKISTAN Badrinath Harappa Hardwar Delhi Indus R. NEPAL Indus Civilization BHUTAN Mohenjo-daro Ayodhya Mathura Lucknow Ganges R. Pushkar Prayag BANGLADESH Benares Gaya Ambaji I N D I A Dakshineshwar Sidphur Bhopal Ahmadabad Jabalpur Jamshedpur Calcutta Dwarka Dakor Pavagadh Raipur Gimar Kadod Nagpur Bhubaneswar Nasik-Tryambak Jagannath Puri Bombay Hyderabad Vishakhapatnam Arabian Sea Panaji Bay of Bengal Tirupati Tiruvannamalai-Kaiahasti Bangalore Madras Mangalore Kanchipuram Pondicherry Calicut Kavaratti Island Madurai Thanjavar Hindu place of pilgrimage Rameswaram Pilgrimage route Major city SRI LANKA The Hindu cultural region 14 MRC01 14 6/4/04, 10:46 AM 1 Hinduism Hinduism The Spirit of Hinduism Through prolonged austerities and devotional practices the sage Narada won the grace of the god Vishnu. The god appeared before him in his hermitage and granted him the fulfillment of a wish. “Show me the magic power of your Maya,” Narada prayed. The god replied, “I will. Come with me,” but with an ambiguous smile on his lips. From the shade of the hermit grove, Vishnu led Narada across a bare stretch of land which blazed like metal under the scorching sun. The two were soon very thirsty. At some distance, in the glaring light, they perceived the thatched roofs of a tiny village. Vishnu asked, “Will you go over there and fetch me some water?” “Certainly, O Lord,” the saint replied, and he made off to the distant group of huts. When Narada reached the hamlet, he knocked at the first door. -
The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R
Gettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives. -
Zeus in the Greek Mysteries) and Was Thought of As the Personification of Cyclic Law, the Causal Power of Expansion, and the Angel of Miracles
Ζεύς The Angel of Cycles and Solutions will help us get back on track. In the old schools this angel was known as Jupiter (Zeus in the Greek Mysteries) and was thought of as the personification of cyclic law, the Causal Power of expansion, and the angel of miracles. Price, John Randolph (2010-11-24). Angels Within Us: A Spiritual Guide to the Twenty-Two Angels That Govern Our Everyday Lives (p. 151). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. Zeus 1 Zeus For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). Zeus God of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order, justice [1] The Jupiter de Smyrne, discovered in Smyrna in 1680 Abode Mount Olympus Symbol Thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak Consort Hera and various others Parents Cronus and Rhea Siblings Hestia, Hades, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter Children Aeacus, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Dardanus, Dionysus, Hebe, Hermes, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Hephaestus, Perseus, Minos, the Muses, the Graces [2] Roman equivalent Jupiter Zeus (Ancient Greek: Ζεύς, Zeús; Modern Greek: Δίας, Días; English pronunciation /ˈzjuːs/[3] or /ˈzuːs/) is the "Father of Gods and men" (πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, patḕr andrōn te theōn te)[4] who rules the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father rules the family according to the ancient Greek religion. He is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. Zeus is etymologically cognate with and, under Hellenic influence, became particularly closely identified with Roman Jupiter. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he is married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort is Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione.[5] He is known for his erotic escapades. -
Mythology of Male Gods Vs. Female Gods
What is Civilization? Marshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Unit One BK * The Effects of Civilization on Religion • We are going to look at one last implication of civilization, and that is its effects on the near universal religion of the Mother Goddess. • The End of Mother Goddesses • Mother goddess worship dominated religion for at least 40,000 years, if not longer. • Many scholars have speculated that this implies that early human history was matriarchal. There certainly seems evidence for this theory in the relics of Minoan civilization, but our evidence is scant elsewhere. • Whether the worship of a mother goddess implies matriarchy or not, the rise of male gods seems to be associated with the rise of patriarchy. • As we saw in Minoan culture, when male gods first entered the religious scene, they held a subordinate role, and women still held positions of power and respect. Crete may well have been ruled by a queen. • By the time male deities reached supremacy, female deities had been relegated to second class status, and apart from a few priestesses, a woman's role was restricted to running her household. * The Effects of Civilization on Religion • Origins of Male Deities • The origin and ascent of male deities is lost in the mists of prehistory. They seem to show up around the same time cities begin to form. • It has been suggested that this relationship might be explained by a transition away from the family unit to a larger community. • As you heard when we discussed hierarchies, the earliest social units were all based on a sense of kinship. -
Slavic Pagan World
Slavic Pagan World 1 Slavic Pagan World Compilation by Garry Green Welcome to Slavic Pagan World: Slavic Pagan Beliefs, Gods, Myths, Recipes, Magic, Spells, Divinations, Remedies, Songs. 2 Table of Content Slavic Pagan Beliefs 5 Slavic neighbors. 5 Dualism & The Origins of Slavic Belief 6 The Elements 6 Totems 7 Creation Myths 8 The World Tree. 10 Origin of Witchcraft - a story 11 Slavic pagan calendar and festivals 11 A small dictionary of slavic pagan gods & goddesses 15 Slavic Ritual Recipes 20 An Ancient Slavic Herbal 23 Slavic Magick & Folk Medicine 29 Divinations 34 Remedies 39 Slavic Pagan Holidays 45 Slavic Gods & Goddesses 58 Slavic Pagan Songs 82 Organised pagan cult in Kievan Rus' 89 Introduction 89 Selected deities and concepts in slavic religion 92 Personification and anthropomorphisation 108 "Core" concepts and gods in slavonic cosmology 110 3 Evolution of the eastern slavic beliefs 111 Foreign influence on slavic religion 112 Conclusion 119 Pagan ages in Poland 120 Polish Supernatural Spirits 120 Polish Folk Magic 125 Polish Pagan Pantheon 131 4 Slavic Pagan Beliefs The Slavic peoples are not a "race". Like the Romance and Germanic peoples, they are related by area and culture, not so much by blood. Today there are thirteen different Slavic groups divided into three blocs, Eastern, Southern and Western. These include the Russians, Poles, Czechs, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Serbians,Croatians, Macedonians, Slovenians, Bulgarians, Kashubians, Albanians and Slovakians. Although the Lithuanians, Estonians and Latvians are of Baltic tribes, we are including some of their customs as they are similar to those of their Slavic neighbors. Slavic Runes were called "Runitsa", "Cherty y Rezy" ("Strokes and Cuts") and later, "Vlesovitsa". -
A Reader in Comparative Indo-European Religion
2018 A READER IN COMPARATIVE INDO-EUROPEAN RELIGION Ranko Matasović Zagreb 2018 © This publication is intended primarily for the use of students of the University of Zagreb. It should not be copied or otherwise reproduced without a permission from the author. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations........................................................................................................................ Foreword............................................................................................................................... PART 1: Elements of the Proto-Indo-European religion...................................................... 1. Reconstruction of PIE religious vocabulary and phraseology................................... 2. Basic Religious terminology of PIE.......................................................................... 3. Elements of PIE mythology....................................................................................... PART II: A selection of texts Hittite....................................................................................................................................... Vedic........................................................................................................................................ Iranian....................................................................................................................................... Greek....................................................................................................................................... -
The Integration of Myth and Ritual in South-Central California: the Northern Complex
UC Merced The Journal of California Anthropology Title The Integration of Myth and Ritual in South-Central California: The Northern Complex Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sb5h172 Journal The Journal of California Anthropology, 5(2) Authors Hudson, Travis Blackburn, Thomas Publication Date 1978-12-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Integration of Myth and Ritual in South-Central California: The "Northern Complex" TRAVIS HUDSON THOMAS BLACKBURN HERE can be little doubt that rehgious prerequisite to the achievement of this goal Tbeliefs (and the ritual practices associated must be a general overview of the ideological with them) constituted exceptionally impor bases (i.e., ritual practices and mythological tant elements in the daily lives of the native beliefs) which served as the primary rationale peoples of south-central Cahfomia. Complex for ceremonial interaction. We hope that the mythologies, elaborate cosmographies, and present paper wUl serve as an initial step interlocking belief systems served to link both toward the ultimate achievement of just such the individual and the community with the an overview. realm of the sacred, and in turn were given Previous efforts to develop the kind of dramatic expression (in both concrete and general synthesis just described have encoun abstract form) by shamans, priests, and var tered serious—and often insurmountable— ious other rituahsts. The primary setting for obstacles in the form of the extant data. The these community-oriented religious activities information available for certain ethnic groups was the "fiesta," a complex of events which (such as the Juaneno, Luiseno, and Cahuilla), also constituted an important medium for while often relatively detailed, has also fre significant social, political, economic, and aes quently been suspect or difficult to use as a thetic interaction (Blackburn 1974; Bean consequence of distortions or reinterpreta- 1972). -
Brother G's Cyclopedia
Brother G’s Cyclopedia Of Comparative Mythology 210 building blocks for the aspiring mythopoet B c d e f g h k l m t u Dedicated To Messrs. Mircea Eliade and Hugh Nibley, who introduced a young boy to comparative mythology. To Lord Dunsany and Mr. H. P. Lovecraft, who pioneered the art of literary mythopoeia. And To Messrs. M. A. R. Barker and J. R. R. Tolkien, who taught us that master worldbuilders must be referred to by three initials and a last name. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………...................................1 From Acosmism to Writing ………………………………………………………………….....x Appendix A: Non-Standard Portfolios………………………………………………………...x Appendix B: Epithets and Fusions……………………………………………………………..x Appendix C: Meta-Theory…………………………………………………………………......... x Appendix D: Story-starting Phrases…………………………………………………………… x Appendix E: Bringing It Together……………………………………………………………… x Appendix F: Random Tables…………………………………………………………………... x 1 Introduction Appendix A: Appendix B: Appendix C: If the main entry concerns itself chiefly with ideas of religion and mythology, then Appendix C concerns itself chiefly with ideas about religion and mythology. Appendix D: Appendix E: Appendix F: Include reading list 2 A solar vehicle is a mode of transportation used by the sun to make its journey across the sky and anywhere else that it goes (such as the underworld). It is most commonly a barge or chariot. Depictions of solar barges date to the Neolithic and are older than the sun chariot. Examples include the solar barge of Ra (Egyptian) and the chariots of Apollo (Greek) and Surya (Hindu). A world tree is an AXIS MUNDI. Typically its roots reach the UNDERWORLD (represented as either earth or water) and its branches (inhabited by birds) the OVERWORLD in order to connect them to each other and to the phenomenal world. -
Origins of Europe's Fairies—Proto-Indo Europeans on The
Origins of Europe’s Fairies—Proto-Indo Europeans On the Neolithic steppes of Eurasia in a primal wilderness that stretched out for thousands of miles, a wilderness in which humans could still be hunted by wolves and bears were born the seeds of most of the European languages. It was here buffeted by the cold winds of the Eurasian steppes and always on the look out for bears, wolves and other wild animals which at any moment could take ei- ther their lives or the lives of the animals on whose lives they depended for their food – that one peo- ple began to flourish. The Proto-Indo-Europeans began to find new ways to utilize animals to help them survive as they began to ride horses for the first time and use oxen to pull newly invented wag- ons in order help them herd cattle and sheep with the help of domesticated dogs. When darkness came and the wind would grow frigid these people would gather around the fires to cook, eat, and protect themselves from the cold as well as the darkness of the unknown that lay be- yond their camp as the howls of the wolves and the growls of the bears surrounded them. The Spirit of the Storm The fires glow would only help The storms rolls in bringing with it life giving rain but also winds so much for a fire does not and floods which destroy homes and sweep away loved ones. So it banish the darkness form site it is that storms are the most confusing of natural phenomenon - only pushes it away creating a needed, even desired - yet at the same time, feared.