An Etymological Dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European Language dei-1, dei̯ǝ-, dī-, di̯ā- English meaning: to shine; day; sun; sky god, god Deutsche Übersetzung: “hell glänzen, schimmern, scheinen” Note: (older “*dart rays”?) Note: The origin of the sky god was Anatolia, where the Sumerian sun god Utu was called father god: Utu + Root pǝtḗ (r) gen. pǝtr-és, -ós : “father” - “father Utu”: Luvian DUTU-wa-az: 107 iii 8; KBo XXIX 25 ii 6*, DUTU-wa-za ‘sun god”. Material: O.Ind. dī́-dē-ti “ seems, shines”, 3. pl. dīdyati, Impf. 3. sg. ádīdēt, Imper. 2. sg. didīhí , su-dī-tí-ḥ) “ having nice brilliance “, Kaus. dīpá yati “ ignites, illuminates”, dī́pyate “blazes, shines, seems “ (about dīvyati see under), dīdi- ‘shining, seeming” (due to from dī́- de-ti); similar *doi-d-o- (broken Redupl.) in O.N. teitr “cheerful, blithe, glad” (lit. “radiating”), O.E. tǣ tá n “caress”, tüt- (in names) “blithe, glad”, O.H.G. zeiz “tender, graceful” (compare heiter and “clear, bright” as “blithe, glad”; Uhlenbeck O.Ind. Wb. 126); perhaps here also Lith. dìdis “big, large” as “ handsome, considerable “; Gk. Hom. δέατο (Imperfect) “he saw, discerned, perceived “, δεάμην ἐδοκίμαζον, ἐδόξαζον Hes., arkad. Konj. δεάτοῑ , Hom. Aor. δοάσσατο “to appear “, Konj. δοάσσεται, compared with arkad. Aor. δεά[σε]τοι with ο after ἔδοξε, Schwyzer Gk. I 6816; common Gk.- Illyr. -ks- > -ss- phonetic mutation Maybe Alb. (*δέελος) diel “(*bright) sun” [common Alb. -e- > -ie- shift]. Hom. δέελος “visible” (*δει̯ελος; with metr. lengthening εὐδείελος), δ῅λος ds. (from *δέι̯αλος, from which also Hesychs δίαλος; Hom. ἀρίζηλος “very distinct, clear, bright” (from *δι̯η-λός); *doilo- presumably in O.E. sweo-tol (from *tül) “apparent, manifest, obvious, distinct, clear, bright” and in M.Ir. dōel “beetle, chafer” (‘shining black insect”) as well as in Ir. river Indo-European Language Association – http://dnghu.org/ Page 548 An Etymological Dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European Language names Daol (*doilü) as “the shining”. Here probably also Lith. dailùs “dainty, pretty”, dáilinti ‘smooth, adorn”. With formants -tlo- presumably here being found only in the compound Gmc. *tīÞla- : zīdal-, Ger. Zeidel-, nd. tīl- “honey “(“ clearness, shine - clear honey “). Against Pedersens raising from Hitt. te-eš-ḫa- “dream” (Muršilis 69) s. Couvreur H̯ 53 and above S. 178. u-̯ extension: dei̯eu- (: di̯éu-, diu-̯ , di̯u-) “bright, divine revered sky and bright day: Diphth. stem nom. di̯ēus (dii̯ēus), acc. di̯ēum, voc. di̯ĕu, loc. di̯éu̯i and di̯ēu, dat. diu̯éi, gen. diu-̯ és, -ós; di̯ēus-pǝtēr ‘sky father, heavenly father”. O.Ind. dyǘ uḥ (diyǘ uḥ ) ‘sky, heaven”, acc. dyǘ m, loc. dyáví, diví, dat. divḗ , gen. diváḥ (and dyōḥ ), instr. pl. dyú-bhiḥ; Gk. Ζεύς (= dyüú -ḥ), acc. Z῅ν (= dyǘ m), voc. Ζεῦ (*di̯ĕu), gen. Δι(F)ός, dat. (loc.) Δι(F)ί (Ζ῅ν lengthened Ζ῅να, Ζηνός, Zηνί; about Ζάς by Pherekydes of Syros s. Schwyzer Gk. I 5774); the gen. *diu̯es in Thess. Διες-κουριάδεω, prien. Διες-κουρίδου (Schwyzer Gk. I 547); Maybe Rom. zeu “god” : Alb. zot “god” : Rom. zeiţů, zeitate, zânů “goddess” : Alb. zana f. “nymph, goddess”, zota f. m. “gods” : Gk. Ζ῅να [common Alb. n > nt > t phonetic mutation]. in Lat. the old paradigm has split in two which designate the name of the uppermost God and the “day”; similarly in the Osc. and Umbr.: Note: common Lat. Illyr. d- > l- phonetic mutation: Lat. Iuppiter from Iū-piter, Umbr. Jupater voc. = Ζεῦ πάτερ, to nom. O.Ind. dyǘ ušpitǘ “father of the sky, heavenly father”, Ζεὺς πατήρ, dat. Umbr. Iuvepatre, Illyr. (Hes.) Δει- πάτυρος; Lat. gen. Iouis (altLat. also Diovis, also as nom.), Osc. Diúveí “ Jove “, íuvilam, older diuvilam “* iovilam “, iúvilas “* iovilae “ etc, compare GentilN Lat. Iūlius (*Iovilios); Indo-European Language Association – http://dnghu.org/ Page 549 An Etymological Dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European Language Maybe [from Illyr. (Hes.) Δει-πάτυρος] the compound Alb. (*Δει- ἠέλιος) diel ‘sun god, sun”, older dielë ‘sunday (day of the sun)”, where Alb. follows Lat. paradigm which designates the name of the uppermost God and the “day”. Also Alb. (*Jove-di, *jeudi) enjte “Thursday” similar to fr. jeudi “ Thursday “, Ital. jovedi “ Thursday”. Lat. Diēspiter (whereof Diülis “relating to Jupiter; “(flamen) dialis”, the priest of Jupiter”) with acc. d(i̯)i̯ēm has changed after nom. diēs, otherwise would prevail in the meaning “day”, while to the name of “ sky God “ the ablaut grade *di̯ou-̯ from *di̯eu- would be accomplished under the pressure of voc. *di̯eu- (up to Diēspiter, also Umbr. Di, Dei “[masc acc. sing.] god, [neut voc. sing.] god”, contracted from diē-, so that Di(m) = *diēm); the old nom. *diūs from *di̯ēus still standing in addition toVēdiovis, Vēiovis, Vē-diū̆ s “old-röm. Underworld God “; in the meaning “day” Lat. diēs see above (m.; as f. in the meaning “date, day month year (according to the calendar), period, time” presumably after nox), yet besides the older nom. di̯ēus still in nu-diū̆ s tertius “now is the 3. day”, further diū “ by day” (loc. *di̯ēu ̯ or *di̯ōu), “ for a long time “, “ a long time ago” out of it “long”. diminutive Lat. diēcula “ a little day, a short time “, Osc. [d]iíkúlús “days”, zicolo m. “day”; Maybe Alb. diel ‘sun”, dielë ‘sunday, (day of the sun)” are diminutive Illyr. forms. O.Ir. dīe, proclitic dīa “day” (from after the acc. *dii̯ēm has changed *dii̯ēs), Welsh dydd, Corn. deth, dyth, Bret. deiz “day” (also); O.Ir. in-dīu “today”, Welsh etc he-ddyw “today” (at first from *-dii̯ū, probably = Lat. diū). From the ablaut grade diu-̯ in the meaning “day”; O.Ind. dívü “during the day”, divḗ divē “day by day” (divám nom. otherwise ‘sky, heaven”), naktáṁdivam “night and day”, sudivám “a nice day”, sudivá-ḥ “ having a nice day “, Arm. tiv “day”, Gk. ἔνδῑος “ in the middle of the day (appearing)” (due to *ἐν διFί, compare ἐννύχιος); Indo-European Language Association – http://dnghu.org/ Page 550 An Etymological Dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European Language Lat. dius, interdius “of the day, in the daytime, by day “ (with Lat. syncope from gen. *diu̯ós); bi-, tri-duum (*diu̯om) “ period of two, three days “; es-stem diu̯es- presumed from O.Ind. divasá-ḥ “day”, formal to dak. διεσεμα “ common mullein, high taper “, probably from *diu̯esemü “luminous plant” (Detschev, Dak. Pflanzenn. 14 ff.); but Gk. εὔδῐος (*εὔ-διFος) “clear, cheerful”, older εὐδία “clear weather”, to O.Ind. su- divám (above); compare Sommer Nominalkomp. 73 ff. *diu̯ios in O.Ind. divyá-, diviá- “ celestial “, divyǘ ni “ the heavenly space”, Gk. δῖος (from *διFιος, Schwyzer Gk. I 472a) “divine, heavenly “, Lat. dīus “ divine, god-like; hence fine, noble; also (apparently) out of doors, in the open air “ (different from dīvus!), dīum “open space of heaven”, sub dīo; Diüna deriving from *Diviüna, “ the virgin goddess of the moon and hunting” *Diviü (?); compare etr. Tiv “moon”, tives “ months “, after Kretschmer Gl. 13, 111 f. from Ital. *diviü, and orph. Πανδῖα ‘selene (goddess of the moon)” from *παν-διFιᾰ “ all kinds of illuminators “. ablaut grade di̯u- in O.Ind. dyu-mnám “ splendor of the sky “, dyu-mánt- “bright, light”, verbal dyut- “gleam, shine” in dyṓ tatē, Aor. ved. ádyaut ‘shines” (with t probably after śvit- “be bright”); compare also O.C.S. dъždь “rain”, Russ. dožd”, O.Cz. dešč, etc, from *dus-di̯u- “bad weather”, Trubetzkoj Z. sl. Ph. 4, 62 ff. Note: Probably from a fusion of Root dheu̯es-, dhu̯ē̆s-, dheus-, dhū̆ s- “to dissipate, blow, etc. *scatter, dust, rain, breathe, perish, die” + Root dei-1, dei̯ǝ-, dī-, di̯ü- : “to shine; day; sun; sky god, god” derived Slav. (*dus-diu-): O.C.S.: dъždь “rain” [m jo] (see below). o-stem déiu̯o-s “god, the divine”: O.Ind. dēvá -ḥ “god” (dēvī́ “goddess”), Av. daēva- “demon”; Indo-European Language Association – http://dnghu.org/ Page 551 An Etymological Dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European Language Lat. deus and dīvus, by of from the paradigm *deiu̯os (> deos), gen. *deiu̯ī (> dīvī); Osc.deívaí “goddess” (Osc. deivinais = Lat. dīvīnis; Umbr. deueia “ [fem. acc. sing.] of a deity, goddess “; maybe Alb. dif “giant” Osc. deiuatud “ to swear an oath “ = Ltv. dievâtiês ‘swear, vow”; Lat. dīves “ rich, wealthy; with abl. or genit., rich in “, lit. ‘standing under the protection of the Gods”, as Slav. bogatъ, s. Schulze KZ. 45, 190); Gaul. GN Dēvona, PN Dēvo-gnüta, O.Ir. dia, gen. dē “god”, O.Welsh duiu-(tit) “goddess, deity”, M.Welsh Welsh duw, O.Corn. duy, Bret. doué “god”; O.N. tīvar pl. “gods” (*deiu̯ōs) as well as O.N. Tȳr (aGmc. teiwaz) “the god of war”, O.E. Tīg, gen. Tīwes “Mars”, O.H.G. Zīo, Zio; aPruss. deiw(a)s, Lith. diẽvas “god” (deive ̃ “goddess, ghost” from *deiu̯i̯ü, diẽvo sūnẽliai ‘sons of the sky”, finn. Lw. taiwas ‘sky, heaven”), Ltv. dìevs (verbal derivative lies before in Lith. deivótis ‘say farewell “, Ltv. dievâtiês see above), compare Trautmann 50, Mũhlenbach-Endzelin I 484, 485 f. Against it are O.C.S. divъ m. “wonder, miracle”, divo, - ese n. ds. (-es-stem probably previously after čudo, -ese ds), divьnъ “ wonderful “, didn”t derive from concept “god, deity “, but (as θαῦμα from θεάομαι) position itself to Clr. dyvl”ú, dyvūty sja ‘see, look, show”, Cz. dívam se “look, see, observe”, which behaves to O.Ind. dī́- de-ti ‘shines” in the meaning as e.g. M.H.G. blick “lustre, shine, lightning” and “look of the eyes”, Ger. glänzen : Slav. ględati ‘see, show”. en-stem *deien- (thematic deino-, dino-) only in the meaning “day”: Note: The extension en-stem *deien- (thematic deino-, dino-) is of Illyrian origin. The attribute nouns that derived from adjectives in Illyr. Alb. take -ta, -nta suffix which was then reduced to common Alb.