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AFDD 2 Operations and Organization Operations and AFDD Template Guide Organization Air Force Doctrine Document 2 20 September3 April 2007 2002 This document complements related discuss ion found in Joint Publications 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF);. 3-0, Joint Operations; 3-30, Command and Control for Joint Air Operations, and 3-33, Joint Task Force Headquarters. BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE DOCTRINE DOCUMENT 2 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 3 APRIL 2007 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This revision substantially restructures the entire publication for better presentation of key ideas and introduces much new and updated material. The publication’s title has been changed to better reflect the subject matter. The publication updates discussion on the Airman’s perspective. Discussion on the range of military operations has been updated and includes discussion of homeland operations and stability operations. A completely new discussion on the effects-based approach to military operations has been added. The discussion on expeditionary organization has been expanded and updated based on experience gained since publication of the previous version. Discussion on administrative control has been clarified and expanded, to include new discussion on responsibilities of host installation commanders. Discussion on command relationship models has been expanded and clarified based on experience in the field. A new chapter on joint organization greatly expands previous joint discussion. The discussion on planning has been greatly expanded, to include effects-based planning, component planning considerations, and the air and space estimate process. Discussion on air and space operations centers has been greatly expanded to include air mobility and space operations centers, organization, and processes. The appendices have been completely revised to support the current content. Note: This 2007 revision is only an interim change to the previous 27 June 2006 edition. This revision updates the vignette on page 45, deleting now-obsolete references to the warfighting headquarters. No other material has changed. Supersedes: AFDD 2, 27 June 2006 OPR: HQ AFDC/DD Certified by: AFDC/CC (Maj Gen Allen G. Peck) Pages: 173 Accessibility: Available on the e-publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil Releasability: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication Approved by: T. MICHAEL MOSELEY, General, USAF Chief of Staff FOREWORD Air Force Doctrine Document 1 (AFDD 1), Air Force Basic Doctrine, presents the fundamentals of air and space power. This publication, AFDD 2, Operations and Organization, is the companion to AFDD 1 and provides the next level of granularity. It describes how the US Air Force organizes and employs air and space power at the operational level across the range of military operations. The concepts discussed in this publication—the role and responsibilities of the senior warfighting Airman; the basics behind our expeditionary organizational model; the fundamentals of joint and Service command arrangements; how we plan operations; and the means by which we place the collective capabilities of air and space power into the hands of a single Airman—are the foundations for all our operations. We are in the middle of a long, shadowy war that will be punctuated by episodes of full-up, conventional operations. Many different types of operations will occur simultaneously; tempo and objectives may shift rapidly. We will be challenged to adapt well-practiced tactics and to think in new ways to solve unforeseen challenges. As the war evolves, so must we. Some aspects of warfighting, however, will remain constant. Our doctrine captures these enduring aspects. Our success in meeting the challenges of this rapidly changing world depends on our understanding and applying our doctrine. Doctrine describes not only how we would command and employ air and space forces today, but is also the point of departure to guide us in meeting the challenges of tomorrow. Air and space power is a critical element in protecting our Nation and deterring aggression. It will only remain so if we, as professional Airmen, study, evaluate, and debate our capabilities and the environment of the future. Just as technology, world threats, and opportunities change, so must our doctrine. Each of you must be articulate, knowledgeable, and unapologetic advocates of our doctrine. We must understand what it means to be an Airman and be able to articulate what air and space power can bring to the joint fight. I encourage you to read our doctrine, discuss it, and practice it. T. MICHAEL MOSELEY General, USAF Chief of Staff Intentionally Blank TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................vii Terminology Notes ..........................................................................................................ix Foundational Doctrine Statements ..................................................................................xi CHAPTER ONE—An Introduction to Air and Space Operations..................................... 1 The Nature of Air and Space Power ............................................................................ 1 The Airman’s Perspective............................................................................................ 2 Air and Space Maneuver Warfare............................................................................ 3 The Levels of War.................................................................................................... 4 Strategy, Operational Art, and Tactics ..................................................................... 5 Strategy ................................................................................................................ 5 Operational Art ..................................................................................................... 8 Tactics ................................................................................................................ 10 Employing Air and Space Power............................................................................ 10 CHAPTER TWO—Operations....................................................................................... 13 The Effects-Based Approach to Military Operations .................................................. 13 Principles of Effects Based Operations .................................................................. 16 Air and Space Power Across the Range of Military Operations................................. 21 The Range of Military Operations .............................................................................. 22 Engagement, Cooperation, and Deterrence Operations ........................................ 23 Contingencies and Crisis Response Operations.................................................... 24 Major Operations and Campaigns.......................................................................... 25 Homeland Operations................................................................................................ 26 Homeland Security................................................................................................. 26 Homeland Defense ................................................................................................ 26 Emergency Preparedness...................................................................................... 27 Defense Support of Civil Authorities...................................................................... 27 The Political Dimension of Smaller-Scale Contingencies .......................................... 29 Unity of Effort ......................................................................................................... 29 Security .................................................................................................................. 30 Restraint................................................................................................................. 30 Perseverance......................................................................................................... 30 Legitimacy.............................................................................................................. 31 Threats to Operations................................................................................................ 31 Termination, Transition, and Redeployment .............................................................. 32 Conflict Termination ............................................................................................... 32 Transition to Follow-On Operations........................................................................ 33 Redeployment........................................................................................................ 34 CHAPTER THREE—Commanding US Air Force Forces.............................................. 35 The Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) ................................................... 35 Operational Responsibilities of the COMAFFOR ................................................... 36 Service Responsibilities of the COMAFFOR.......................................................... 37 iii The Joint Force Air and Space Component Commander (JFACC) ........................... 39 Control of Other Services’ Aviation and Space Capabilities................................... 41 CHAPTER FOUR—Organizing US Air Force Forces.................................................... 43 The Air and Space Expeditionary
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