Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 88, 1St Quarter 2018
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Issue 88, 1st Quarter 2018 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Future(s) of Multidomain Battle Targeting Hybrid Threats ISSUE EIGHTY-EIGHT, 1 ISSUE EIGHTY-EIGHT, Understanding Gender Bias ST QUARTER 2018 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 88, 1st Quarter 2018 http://ndupress.ndu.edu Gen Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., USMC, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Book Review Editor Frank G. Hoffman, Ph.D. Associate Editor Patricia Strait, Ph.D. Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Intern Victoria Sanker Advisory Committee COL Michael S. Bell, USA (Ret.), Ph.D./College of International Security Affairs; Col James D. Dryjanski, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col David J. Eskelund, USMC/Marine Corps War College; RADM Janice M. Hamby, USN (Ret.)/College of Information and Cyberspace; RADM Jeffrey A. Harley, USN/U.S. Naval War College; BGen John M. Jansen, USMC/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; Brig Gen Chad T. Manske, USAF/National War College; Col William McCollough, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; LtGen Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr., USMC/The Joint Staff; RDML Jeffrey Ruth, USN/Joint Forces Staff College; VADM Kevin D. Scott, USN/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/Center for Complex Operations; Richard L. DiNardo/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Bryon Greenwald/Joint Forces Staff College; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Thomas L. McNaugher/Georgetown University; Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.)/ National War College; LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.); Bert B. Tussing/U.S. Army War College Cover 2 images (top to bottom): World War II veteran Luis Perrone, 94, was part of Army Air Force’s 533rd Bomb Squadron from 1942 to 1945, completing 32 bombing missions over western Europe as B-17 Flying Fortress ball turret gunner (U.S. Air Force/Bennie J. Davis III); Navy Airman inspects wiring on EA-18G Growler in hangar bay of USS Ronald Reagan, November 16, 2017 (U.S. Navy/ Janweb B. Lagazo); East African Response Force Soldier in C-130J Hercules during validation exercise, at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, which tested Combined Joint Task Force–Horn of Africa’s ability to rapidly deploy forces (U.S. Army Africa/Eric Summers, Jr.) About the Cover In This Issue Marines assigned to Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 262 (Reinforced) conduct pre-takeoff Forum checks on AH-1W Super Cobra 2 Executive Summary helicopter aboard amphibious transport dock USS Green Bay, 4 The Future Is Plural: part of Bonhomme Richard Multiple Futures for Expeditionary Strike Group, with Tomorrow’s Joint Force embarked 31st Marine Expeditionary By F.G. Hoffman Unit, operating in Indo-Asia-Pacific region, Buckner Bay, April 5, 2017 14 Multidomain Battle: Time (U.S. Navy/Chris Williamson) for a Campaign of Joint Experimentation By Kevin M. Woods and Thomas C. Greenwood 78 Joint Integrated Air and 128 Born Multinational: 22 The Power of Partnership: Missile Defense: Simplifying an Capability Solutions for Security Cooperation and Increasingly Complex Problem Joint, Multinational, and Globally Integrated Logistics By Gabriel Almodovar, Daniel P. Coalition Operations By Thomas Warren Ross Allmacher, Morgan P. Ames III, and By Charles W. Robinson Chad Davies 28 Surfing the Chaos: 132 Joint Doctrine Update Warfighting in a Contested 85 Achieving Secrecy and Surprise Cyberspace Environment in a Ubiquitous ISR Environment Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National By William D. Bryant By Adam G. Lenfestey, Nathan Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Rowan, James E. Fagan, and Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal designed to Corey H. Ruckdeschel inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and JPME Today other partners on joint and integrated operations; 91 Implementing Guidance national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat 34 The Bureaucratization terrorism; homeland security; and developments in of the U.S. Military for Security Cooperation: training and joint professional military education to Decisionmaking Process Overcoming Obstacles to U.S. transform America’s military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting By Milan Vego Africa Command’s Efforts freedom today. All published articles have been vetted By Andrus W. Chaney through a peer-review process and cleared by the 46 Women, Regardless: Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review. Understanding Gender Bias NDU Press is the National Defense University’s Recall cross-component, professional military and academic in U.S. Military Integration 102 Scipio Africanus and the Second publishing house. By Elizabeth M. Trobaugh The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations Punic War: Joint Lessons for expressed or implied within are those of the Center of Gravity Analysis contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense or any other agency of Commentary By Kenneth T. Klima, Peter Mazzella, the Federal Government. 54 Multidomain Battle: and Patrick B. McLaughlin Copyright Notice Converging Concepts This is the official U.S. Department of Defense edition of Joint Force Quarterly. Any copyrighted portions Toward a Joint Solution Book Reviews of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted By David G. Perkins and 112 Unwinnable without permission of the copyright proprietors. JFQ James M. Holmes should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted Reviewed by Carter Malkasian from or based on its content. 58 A 21st-Century Military Submissions and Communications 113 Elite Warriors JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent Doctrine for America research from members of the Armed Forces, Reviewed by Bruce McClintock By Steve F. Kime security policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration 64 The Need for an Innovative 114 Social Science Goes to War Reviewed by Brian R. Price to ScholarOne, available at https://mc04. Joint Psychological manuscriptcentral.com/ndupress, or write to: Warfare Force Structure Editor, Joint Force Quarterly NDU Press By Richard B. Davenport Joint Doctrine 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 2504) 116 A COG Concept for Winning Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 More Than Just Battles Features Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 70 Geographic Component Network By Jacob Barfoed Email: [email protected] JFQ online: www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jfq/jfq.htm Analysis: A Methodology 124 Department of Defense 1st Quarter, January 2018 for Deliberately Targeting Terminology Program ISSN 1070-0692 a Hybrid Adversary By George E. Katsos By Chance A. Smith and Steve W. Rust U.S. Navy Airmen signal launch of F/A-18E Super Hornet on flight deck aboard Navy’s forward-deployed aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan during Carrier Air Wing Five fly-off in Pacific Ocean in waters south of Japan, November 28, 2017 (U.S. Navy/Kenneth Abbate) Executive Summary s a gift for a significant support military operations, and the military is faced with a range of chal- approaching birthday, my golf strategies developed for both, I found lenges, which it may or may not be fully A widow gave me a new set of a number of similarities between my prepared to meet. clubs that were the result of a 5-hour golf world and the military’s current War exacts a toll over time unlike any custom fitting at a local professional issues regarding operations, strategy, other human experience. And meeting shop. For years I wrestled with the and policy, especially as the Defense the demands of combat takes more than same issue: how to balance the expense Department nears breaking the $700 one individual’s effort, budget, and ideas of new equipment with my desire to get billion mark in annual budgets. to succeed. With the range of challenges lower scores. I am now precisely aware Just as Clausewitz wrote, the nature the Chairman has identified, including all of how average my swing and its results of war hasn’t changed much. It still has the other burdens of service on the joint are using technology such as radar ball political and human dimensions, is a force, we might ask ourselves, “What flight and swing tracking. And I now contest of wills, and exists in a world of should we do to prepare for the future have the best available tech that is cus- uncertainty. How one’s military meets while winning the fights we are currently tom-fit to my game. The field results the challenge of war is dependent on a engaged in?” The joint force has to are not yet in, but the data from the number of factors, including available adapt, adjust, acquire, repurpose, retrain, fitting was clear that I should expect to funds, the scope of available technology recruit, and perform a whole range of achieve better results on the course in in either the present or the near future, other functions to continue to meet the the coming year. As a longtime student and the physical and mental fitness of mission of protecting our Nation, allies, of military operations, acquisition to the people engaged in combat. Today’s and partners around the world.