Libro Samuel Pagán English.Indb

The Hispanic Evangelical Church in the United States History, Ministry and Challenges ©2016 National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference (NHCLC), Elk Grove, California 9562 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information, please contact the National Hispanic Christian Leader- ship Conference (NHCLC), P.O. Box 293389, Sacramento, CA 95829 Compiling Editor: Dr. Samuel Pagán Translators: Noemí Bogarín, Dr. Vernon Peterson Design: Wagner Leonardo Francia Rodríguez ISBN: 978-1-945173-96-7 Print In 2020, Atla Open Press was granted permission of the copyright holder to make an open access electronic reprint of this title available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC-BY-NC 4.0 International) with the permission of the copyright holder. All other uses require permission of the copyright holder. CONTENTS Part I - History Acknowledgements .................................................................7 Chapter 1 Multigenerational Hispanic Ministry ..............................11 Dr. Daniel A. Rodríguez Chapter 2 Historical Contributions of Southwest Desert Cultures and Religions to Hispanic Evangelicalism ..... 36 Dr. Daniel F. Flores Chapter 3 Hispanic Evangelical Institutions...............................66 Dr. Jesse Miranda Chapter 4 Higher Education and Theological Education: Considerations for the Latin@ Evangelical Church Today .............................................................................90 Dr. Elizabeth Conde-Frazier Chapter 5 A Chronology of Significant Hispanic Protestant Beginnings or Events in the USA, 1829-2000 .............124 Compiled and edited by Dr. Clifton L. Holland Part II - Ministry Chapter 6 Anti-transformational Paradigms of the Latino Church .....................................................................166 Dr. Oscar García-Johnson Chapter 7 Spirituality and Mental Health in the Hispanic Community ....................................................... 194 Dr. Pablo Polischuk Chapter 8 The Social Context in the United States and the Hispanic Families.................................................238 Dr. Huberto Pimentel Chapter 9 Hispanics and the Interpretation of Scripture .............276 Dr. Miguel Álvarez Chapter 10 And the Word became flesh: Homiletics and Evangelical Preaching in Hispanic Churches ..............................................................................299 Dr. Pablo A. Jiménez Part III - CHALLENGES Chapter 11 The Bible and Hispanic Immigration............................ 329 Dr. M. Daniel Carroll R. Chapter 12 Postmodernism and Inter-generational Relations .......355 Dr. William Hernández Chapter 13 Toward a Theology of the Hispanic Pentecostal Woman ......................................................... 376 Dr. Miriam E. Figueroa Aponte Chapter 14 Hispanics and Islam in the United States History and Diverse Experiences ................................... 404 Dr. Victor Hugo Cuartas Chapter 15 A Historical Invoice, Adversity, and the Dignity of Hispanic Migration to the United States A social, legal and theological analysis ................................................................................. 446 Dr. Raúl Zaldivar Appendices Appendix I Latinas Evangélicas – HTI Fellows Compiled by Dr. Elizabeth Conde-Frazier ...................483 Appendix II A Statistical Overview of the Hispanic Protestant Church in the USA, 1921-2013 .....................................495 Compiled by Dr. Clifton L. Holland Authors .................................................................................518 Acknowledgements The authors of the chapters in this book wish to recognize the leadership of the National Hispanic Leadership Confer- ence, especially to: The Rev. Samuel Rodríguez, President, The Rev Tony Suárez, Executive Vice-President, Dr. Gilberto Vélez, Chairman of the Board, and Dr. Carlos Campo, Chair for the Alliance of Hispanic Ed- ucation, for their support of this project and their vision for continued education and development of Hispanic evangelical leadership in the United States of America. In addition, we thank Dr. Samuel Pagán for his direction and encouragement in this project. Working to put together such a volume is not a small task Throughout he motivated us in every positive way possible to finish, to be on time. His spirit of generosity in the process was much appreciated. His editing and organizing skills were invaluable to the project. In every way he sought to be collaborative. We are grateful to God for Samuel’s example of servant leadership. 7 inTRODUCTION Dr. Samuel Pagán The amazing growth of the evangelical church in Latin America has been nothing short of phenomenal. The pio- neer missionary efforts of men and women from many dif- ferent denominations during the 20th century led to the establishment of denominational organizations, churches and educational institutions. Beginning as small congregations with pastors that had little formal education, many have grown today to memberships in the thousands. To- day, most missionary work is in the area of institutional and educational support because the leadership in evangelical churches has proven to be extremely capable. In many ways, the Hispanic church in the United States has followed a similar pattern. Dedicated men and women from Latin American countries established Latino congregations throughout the United State. Most are still rela- tively small congregations, but many have become large, influential establishments in their cities and communities. The National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference (NHCLC) serves over 40,000 Evangelical congregations in the United States by providing leadership, networking, fellowship, strategic partnerships and public policy advo- cacy platforms to our seven directives: Life, Family, Great Commission, Stewardship, Education, Youth and Justice. But it is still the pastor at the local church level, the pro- 9 The Hispanic Evangelical Church in the United States fessor in the classroom of a Bible college or seminary that carries the most influence to individual church members. This volume presents 13 leaders that have written in the areas of the history, the ministry and the challenges of the Hispanic evangelical church in the United States. Their views are wide and varied. Some chapters are a reflection of the writer´s own experiences, and the reader can benefit from that perspective. The non Hispanic reader will be able to gain a sense of the struggles, the emotions and the challenges facing the typical Hispanic in the United States. The Hispanic reader will be motivated to think in a more proactive and ef- fective manner to minister to his or her congregation and community. The broad background and experience of these writers all present one shared experience that should motivate His- panic pastors: they all have advanced degrees in theology, psychology, education or some other area that is relevant to ministry. There are opportunities available to each His- panic pastor or young person that is considering a life of service and ministry. There is no denying the work of the Holy Spirit in ministry – leading, encouraging, teaching – yet the responsibility of individual preparation and formal training cannot be minimized. Be informed concerning the issues and challenges facing the Hispanic church in the U.S. Be encouraged by the ministry of the Hispanic church in the U.S. But most of all, be challenged with the future of the Hispanic church in the U.S. 10 CHAPTER 1 Multigenerational Hispanic Ministry Dr. Daniel A. Rodríguez Introduction In these first two decades of the 21st century, the Hispanic1 community continues to grow numerically and is influencing every facet of society in the United States. There is virtually no geographical area of the U.S. that does not have a significant Hispanic presence, or at least one that is beginning to emerge. A superficial glance at the Hispanic community, however, could overlook an important demographic change taking place, one beginning at the turn of the new century: native Latinos2 of the U.S. now comprise the majority of the Hispanic community and will continue to dominate this diverse, developing community in the foreseeable future (Krogstad and López 2014). Unfortunately, many Latino church leaders who mistaken- ly equate “Hispanic ministry” with ministries that are nearly 1 Latino(a) or Hispano(a). These terms are used interchangeably to refer to all individuals with Latin American ancestry, or with ties to the Spanish-speak- ing world, legal or illegal, within the boundaries of the United States of America. In general, Latino (a) will be used as a noun (e.g., Native Latin) and Hispanos (as) will be used as an adjective (e.g., Hispanic churches). Any de- bate as to which term should be used would be self-destructive, because both terms ultimately fail to demonstrate the high complexity level of Hispanic existence in the United States (López 2013). 2 Born in the U.S.A., natives and third generation Latinos. These terms are used intechangebly to refer to all those individual who were born in the US and have Latin American ancestry. 11 The Hispanic Evangelical Church in the United States exclusively in Spanish have ignored this important demographic change. As a result of that perspective and this historical paradigm, the generations of Latino men and women born in the U.S. that primarily speak English are consequently “be- ing ignored in the daily distribution” of spiritual

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