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Essential Orthopedic Review Questions and Answers for Senior Medical Students Adam E. M. Eltorai Craig P. Eberson Alan H. Daniels Editors Essential Orthopedic Review Questions and Answers for Senior Medical Students 123 Essential Orthopedic Review Adam E. M. Eltorai • Craig P. Eberson Alan H. Daniels Editors Essential Orthopedic Review Questions and Answers for Senior Medical Students Editors Adam E. M. Eltorai Craig P. Eberson Warren Alpert Medical School Department of Orthopedic Brown University Surgery Providence, RI Warren Alpert Medical School USA Brown University Providence, RI Alan H. Daniels USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence, RI USA ISBN 978-3-319-78386-4 ISBN 978-3-319-78387-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78387-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018943261 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of transla- tion, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimi- lar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of pub- lication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to my wonderfully supportive wife Michelle and my children Theodore and Anne, the loves of my life. Alan H. Daniels To Denise and my boys, who make everything worthwhile. Craig P. Eberson For Ashley, always. Adam E. M. Eltorai Preface The book is the ideal, on-the-spot reference for students seeking fast facts on diagnosis and management in orthope- dic surgery. Its two-column, question-and-answer format makes it a perfect quick reference. Organized by body part, Essential Orthopedic Review focuses on the most common pathologic entities. Topics include history, typical presentation, relevant anatomy, physical examination, imaging, management, and expected outcomes. Essential Orthopedic Review is the ideal addition to a white coat pocket, allowing busy students to efficiently review fundamental principles in orthopedic surgery. Students can read specific chapters for focused subspecialty review or from cover to cover to lay a general foundation of orthopedic knowledge. Aimed at helping students start their orthopedic journeys on the right foot, this book will serve as a tool to propel students to the next level. Providence, RI, USA Adam E. M. Eltorai Craig P. Eberson Alan H. Daniels Contents Part I The Basics 1 Orthopaedic Terminology ...................... 3 Jeremy E. Raducha 2 Radiology: The Basics ......................... 5 Hardeep Singh and Sean Esmende 3 Fractures .................................... 7 Jeremy E. Raducha 4 Dislocations ................................. 9 Jacob Babu 5 Orthopedic Emergencies ...................... 11 Jacob Babu 6 Principles of Trauma .......................... 13 Jacob Babu Part II The Upper Extremity 7 Upper Extremity Physical Exam ................ 17 Tyler S. Pidgeon 8 Rotator Cuff Pathology ....................... 19 Christopher Nacca 9 Adhesive Capsulitis ........................... 21 Christopher Nacca 10 Calcific Tendinitis ............................ 23 Kalpit N. Shah x Contents 11 Proximal Humeral Fracture .................... 25 Avi DeLano Goodman 12 Clavicular Fracture ........................... 27 Jonathan Hodax 13 AC Joint Separation .......................... 29 Jonathan Hodax 14 Glenohumeral Joint Pathology ................. 31 Devan Patel 15 Upper Extremity Arthroplasty ................. 33 Tyler S. Pidgeon 16 Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior Lesions ... 35 Jonathan Hodax 17 Biceps Tendon Ruptures ....................... 37 Kalpit N. Shah 18 Humeral Shaft Fracture ....................... 39 Devan Patel 19 Tennis and Golfer’s Elbow (Epicondylitis) ....... 41 Andrew D. Sobel 20 Olecranon Bursitis ............................ 43 Travis Blood 21 Distal Humerus Fractures ...................... 45 Devan Patel 22 Olecranon Fracture ........................... 47 Travis Blood 23 Radial Head Fractures ........................ 49 Kalpit N. Shah 24 Coranoid Fracture ............................ 51 Steven F. DeFroda 25 Elbow Dislocations ........................... 53 Devan Patel Contents xi 26 Degenerative Joint Disease of the Elbow ........ 55 Jeremy E. Raducha 27 Osteoarthritis of the Upper Extremity ........... 57 Devan Patel 28 Posttraumatic Arthritis: Elbow ................. 59 Manuel F. DaSilva 29 Radius and Ulnar Shaft Fractures ............... 61 Jeremy E. Raducha 30 Monteggia and Galeazzi Fracture/Dislocations .... 63 Devan Patel 31 Distal Radius and Ulnar Fractures .............. 65 Travis Blood 32 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ...................... 67 Andrew Paul Harris 33 Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ...................... 69 Kalpit N. Shah 34 Other Compressive Neuropathies ............... 71 Ross Feller 35 Kienbock’s Disease ........................... 73 Devan Patel 36 De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis ................... 75 Jeremy E. Raducha 37 Dupuytren’s Disease .......................... 77 Andrew Paul Harris 38 Trigger Finger ................................ 79 Andrew Paul Harris 39 Scaphoid Fractures ........................... 81 Andrew Paul Harris 40 Other Carpal Bone Fractures ................... 83 Devan Patel xii Contents 41 Lunate and Perilunate Dislocations ............. 85 Andrew Paul Harris 42 First Metacarpal Base Fracture ................. 87 Travis Blood 43 Skier’s or Gamekeeper’s Thumb ................ 89 Steven F. DeFroda 44 Boxer’s Fracture .............................. 91 Devan Patel 45 Phalangeal Fractures .......................... 93 Kalpit N. Shah 46 Finger (Phalangeal) Dislocations ............... 95 Tyler S. Pidgeon 47 Metacarpal Fractures. 97 Tyler S. Pidgeon 48 Traumatic/Revision Finger Amputation .......... 99 P. Kaveh Mansuripur 49 Tears of the TFCC ............................ 101 Avi DeLano Goodman 50 Carpal Instability ............................. 103 Avi DeLano Goodman 51 Flexor Tendon Injuries ........................ 105 Andrew D. Sobel 52 Extensor Tendon Injuries ...................... 109 Devan Patel 53 Nerve Injury ................................. 111 Ross Feller 54 Replantation ................................. 115 Steven F. DeFroda 55 Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Arthritides .................................. 117 Ross Feller Contents xiii 56 Degenerative Arthritis of the Hand and Wrist .... 119 Ross Feller 57 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome .............. 121 Ross Feller 58 Hand Infections .............................. 123 Ross Feller Part III The Lower Extremity 59 External Snapping Hip ........................ 127 John R. Tuttle 60 Fractures of the Proximal Femur ................ 129 Viorel Raducan 61 Native Hip Dislocations ....................... 133 Viorel Raducan 62 Hip Osteoarthritis ............................ 137 Stephen Marcaccio 63 Osteonecrosis ................................ 139 Stephen Marcaccio 64 Total Hip Arthroplasty ........................ 141 Nicholas Lemme and Alexandre Boulos 65 Femoral Shaft Fractures ....................... 145 James Levins 66 Ligamentous Knee Injury ...................... 147 James Levins 67 Meniscal Tear ................................ 149 Jonathan Hodax 68 Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee ....... 151 Jonathan Hodax 69 Lower Extremity Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures . 153 Tyler S. Pidgeon 70 Distal Femoral Fractures ...................... 157 Viorel Raducan xiv Contents 71 Patellar Fractures ............................. 159 Brian H. Cohen 72 Knee Tendon Rupture (Patellar and Quadriceps Tendons) .................................... 161 John R. Tuttle 73 Patellar Dislocation ........................... 163 Steven F. DeFroda 74 Total Knee Arthroplasty ....................... 165 Alexandre Boulos and Nicholas Lemme 75 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ................. 169 Steven F. DeFroda 76 IT Band Syndrome ........................... 171 John R. Tuttle 77 Lower Extremity Tibial Plateau Fractures ........ 173 Tyler S. Pidgeon 78 Stress Fracture ............................... 175 John R. Tuttle 79 Metatarsalgia ................................ 177 Stephen Marcaccio 80 Hallux Valgus ................................ 179 Rishin J. Kadakia and Jason T. Bariteau 81 Heel Pain ................................... 181 Stephen Marcaccio 82 Ankle Sprain/Fracture ......................... 183 Rishin J. Kadakia and Jason T. Bariteau 83 Talar Fracture ................................ 185 Gregory R. Waryasz
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