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THE WETA News Bulletin of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY of NEW ZEALAND

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THE WETA News Bulletin of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY of NEW ZEALAND THE WETA News Bulletin of THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND Volume 47 July 2014 ISSN 0111-7696 THE WETA News Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand (Inc.) [Now ONLINE at http://ento.org.nz/nzentomologist/index.php] Aims and Scope The Weta is the news bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand. The Weta, like the society’s journal, the New Zealand Entomologist, promotes the study of the biology, ecology, taxonomy and control of insects and arachnids in an Australasian setting. The purpose of the news bulletin is to provide a medium for both amateur and professional entomologists to record observations, news, views and the results of smaller research projects. Details for the submission of articles are given on the inside back cover. The Entomological Society of New Zealand The Society is a non-profit organisation that exists to foster the science of Entomology in New Zealand, whether in the study of native or adventive fauna. Membership is open to all people interested in the study of insects and related arthropods. Enquiries regarding membership to the Society should be addressed to: Dr Darren F. Ward, Entomological Society Treasurer, New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand [email protected] Officers 2014-2015 President: Dr Stephen Pawson Vice President: Dr Cor Vink Immediate Past President: Dr Phil Lester Secretary: Dr Greg Holwell Treasurer: Dr Matthew Shaw New Zealand Entomologist editor: Dr Phil Sirvid The Weta editor: Dr John Leader Website editor: Dr Sam Brown Visit the website at: http://ento.org.nz/ Fellows of the Entomological Society of New Zealand Dr G. Kuschel 1988, Mr J.S. Dugdale 2001, Dr. B. A. Holloway 2004, Professor G. Gibbs 2009, Dr B. Barratt 2010, Dr. R. Emberson (2014), Dr A. Eyles (2014) Honorary Members Mrs S. Millar, Dr R.R. Scott, Mr J.D. Tenquist The Weta 47: 1-2 1 Editorial John Leader 66 Lakings Road, Blenheim Email: [email protected] “I suppose you are an entomologist?”“Not quite so ambitious as that, sir. I should like to put my eyes on the individual entitled to that name. No man can be truly called an entomologist, sir; the subject is too vast for any single human intelligence to grasp.” Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., The Poet at the Breakfast Table In this issue, Professor Michael Winterbourn has an interesting article on the question of ‘amateur’ versus ‘professional’ practitioners of entomology, making the amusing cricketing analogy of the ‘gentlemen’ and ‘players’; those who had to work for a living and those who played for fun. In the early days of entomology, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, almost all those who studied insects were amateurs, from Linnaeus to Charles Darwin, and most would have called themselves naturalists, collecting biological specimens and natural artefacts with an unbounded enthusiasm. In a very well written series of essays, which make excellent reading, Wigglesworth (1976) notes that A.W Haworth, a lawyer, founded the first entomological society in England, Kirby, a man of private means, and William Spence, a rector who believed that the study of insects revealed the wisdom of God, together produced a seminal work on insects which was the standard for fifty years. Wigglesworth also records that Sir John Lubbock, who in the course of a busy public life (which included sponsoring the Early Closing Act and giving us Bank Holidays), found time to demonstrate that bees could distinguish colours, and that ants navigated by noting the position of the sun. A different strand in the development of entomology as a science was driven by necessity. In the United States and later in Europe, the ravages of the Colorado Beetle in the 1860s led to the 2 John Leader development of the first insecticides. In 1878 Manson discovered that filariasis was spread by insects, a discovery that led to the realisation that many of the major epidemic diseases of humans are spread by insects, and which led to the founding of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Wigglesworth himself, of course, the icon of insect physiology, was initially trained as a doctor. In New Zealand, the first professional entomologist was David Miller, appointed Government Entomologist in 1916. Reference to his publication “A Bibliography of New Zealand Entomology” compiled in 1953, reveals how much the early study of the insects of New Zealand relied for progress on interested and gifted ‘amateurs’ That situation is little changed today. The vast diversity of the insect fauna, much of it of little obvious economic or medical importance, means that many insects are of no interest to those paid to investigate more pressing matters. There will always be room for the ‘disinterested’ (in the sense of amateur) student. As I have noted before, THE WETA provides space for those interesting and original observations which might be of interest only to a New Zealand readership, or not merit publication in a journal for professionals, but which nonetheless are significant in a local context. The wide range and scope of the papers in this issue are testament to that. Long may it continue. References Wigglesworth VB. 1976. Insects and the Life of Man. Chapman and Hall, London Miller D, 1953. A Bibliography of New Zealand Entomology..N.Z.D.S.I.R. Biulletin 120. NOTE Marie-Claude Larivière has recently published a key to genera of New Zealand Heteroptera. It may be accessed at: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/ animals/heteroptera/genera/keys The Weta 47: 3-7 3 Bug signs: Increasing awareness of the diversity of insects and other invertebrates Nicholas Martin 15 Rutland Road, Mt. Wellington, Auckland 1051 Email: [email protected]) Abstract One of the activities of the Auckland Branch of the Entomological Society of New Zealand is to encourage an interest in insects and other terrestrial invertebrates. Our current project is to produce better signs about these organisms that will go in reserves and parks. Four signs have been produced and another set of four are planned. The next challenge is to get them out into the reserves. Introduction As entomologists we all know that there are more insects in New Zealand than any other group of organisms and that is before we have included all the other terrestrial invertebrates (Ahong & Gordon 2010). We also know that they are a dominant component of the biodiversity in terrestrial native ecosystems. However, my impression is that most people in New Zealand generally consider native terrestrial biodiversity to mean birds and plants and perhaps butterflies and dragonflies. The relatively low value placed on invertebrates came home to me this year when I participated in an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hearing about a request to import an insect that is a generalist predator that could have caused the extinction of native species, or at least serious reductions in the populations of some species. In answer to a question an EPA staff member said that the loss of a native invertebrate did not rank as highly as the loss of a species of bird, because the public did not care so much about invertebrates. The application to import the predatory mirid was declined, but I was left with 4 Nicholas Martin the thought that we must do more to educate people about insects and other invertebrates. The Auckland Branch of the Entomological Society has already been making efforts in this direction. We developed a web page about encouraging insects in the garden (ento.org.nz/tools-and-resources- 2/garden-insects/), and have embarked upon a new venture, outdoor signs about insects and other invertebrates. You may have read about them in a society email in the New Year. However, I am aware that some members of our Society missed it, so I will explain more about the philosophy behind the signs, how we design and produce them and what needs to be done to get them out into parks and reserves. Philosophy behind the Bug Signs Some reserves have signs about insects, but they rarely show people what they can actually see, and they tend to illustrate museum specimens (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Puriri moth sign in Tahuna Torea Reserve, Glendowie, Auckland. The Weta 47: 3-7 5 This sign about puriri moth is typical. It shows a moth with its wings spread out in an unnatural position and although it mentions the holes made by the caterpillar in the nearby tree, the distinctive looking holes are not illustrated. The upshot is that people reading the sign would not be able to recognize this night flying moth if they saw one and they probably would not be able to recognize the presence of puriri moth on other trees even if the distinctive holes were present. Our approach is to illustrate the plant damage symptoms that people can see and to show what the live insect or invertebrate looks like (Fig. 2). Figure 2. Puriri moth, large sign (100 x 200 mm) designed by Auckland Branch of Entomological Society of New Zealand and Metal Images Ltd. We also provide details of the link to a web site with a factsheet, nzacfactsheets.landcareresearch.co.nz/index.html, about the invertebrate and for those with a smart phone or a tablet computer a QR code that goes directly to the factsheet. This way we hope that people will learn how to look for the signs of invertebrate activity and in the case of scale insects, 6 Nicholas Martin the organism itself. At present we are limiting ourselves to subjects for which there is an internet factsheet. Design of the signs We are developing the Bug Signs with an Auckland company, Metal Image, recommended by Auckland Council Staff.
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