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Oak Creek Wildlife Area Management Plan Acknowledgements Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Staff

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Oak Creek Wildlife Area Management Plan Acknowledgements Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Staff January 2018 Oak Creek Wildlife Area Management Plan Acknowledgements Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Staff Planning Team Members Ross Huffman Morgan Grant Greg Mackey Leah Hendrix Eric Anderson Scott McCorquodale Eric Bartrand Mark Teske Jeff Bernatowicz Mapping Support John Talmadge, GIS Shelly Snyder, GIS Plan Leadership and Content Development Ross Huffman, Region 3 Lands Operations Manager Greg Mackey, Oak Creek Wildlife Area Manager Lauri Vigue, Lead Lands Planner Melinda Posner, Wildlife Area Planning, Recreation and Outreach Section Manager Cynthia Wilkerson, Lands Division Manager Document Production Michelle Dunlop, Public Affairs Peggy Ushakoff, Public Affairs Matthew Trenda, Wildlife Program Oak Creek Wildlife Area Advisory Committee Roster Name Representation City Ron Rutherford Motorized recreation Yakima Joe Smith Dept. of Natural Resources Ellensburg Jerry Clark Non-motorized recreation Cowiche Joan St. Hilaire U.S. Forest Service Naches Karen Zook Watchable Wildlife/Audubon Yakima Leroy Adams Jr Yakama Nation Toppenish Gail Thornton Grazing Cowiche Jim Walkenhaur Hunting Yakima Jeff Barbee Fishing Yakima Rick Barlin Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Olympia Reese Lolley The Nature Conservancy Yakima Betsy Bloomfield Cowiche Canyon Conservancy Yakima Dick Jacobson Yakima County Weed Board Yakima Eric Monson Adjacent landowner/Agriculture Selah Cover Photos: Basalt cliff and fall colors, Pygmy owl by Justin Haug and elk by Scott McCorquodale 2 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Jim Unsworth, Director, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Oak Creek Wildlife Area Management Plan January 2018 Oak Creek Wildlife Areas Management Plan 3 Table of Contents List of Acronyms & Abbreviations 7 Wildlife Area Management Planning Overview 9 Introduction 9 Wildlife Area Management Planning Framework 9 Purpose 9 Public Outreach and Stakeholder Involvement Process 9 Vision 9 Statewide Planning Goals 10 Success Stories 11 Wildlife Areas Overview 14 The Oak Creek Unit 16 The Cowiche Unit 20 The Rock Creek Unit 23 Land Ownership and Management 26 Acquisition History, funding and purpose 26 Encumbrances and Deed Restrictions 27 Local Land Use Plans 27 Administration and Staffing 28 Facilities and Maintenance 28 Geology and Soils 30 Hydrology and Watersheds 31 Current Climate 32 Ecological Values 33 Ecological Systems and Ecological Integrity 33 Habitat Connectivity 35 Resource Management 37 Species Management 37 Game Species 40 Diversity Species 43 Fish Management 47 Habitat Management 52 Forest Management 52 Weed Management 55 Habitat Restoration 56 Climate Change 57 4 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research and Other Studies 61 Recreation and Public Use 62 Road Management 65 Management Direction and Approach 66 References 67 Appendix 69 APPENDIX A Goals, Objectives, Performance Measures 70 APPENDIX B Forest Management Plan 82 APPENDIX C Species and Habitat Information 95 APPENDIX D Weed Management Plan 98 APPENDIX E Future Aquatic Restoration Projects 100 APPENDIX F Cultural Resources 101 APPENDIX G Fire Response Summary 107 APPENDIX H Public Response Summary 110 Oak Creek Wildlife Areas Management Plan 5 Maps 1. Oak Creek Wildlife Area Vicinity Map 15 2. Oak Creek Wildlife Area Northeast 18 3. Oak Creek Wildlife Area Southwest 19 4. Cowiche Unit 22 5. Rock Creek Unit 25 6. Salmon and Steelhead Distribution 50 7. Resident Fish Distribution 51 8. Forest Ecosystem map of the Oak Creek, Cowiche, Nile Springs, and Bauguess Units of the WLA 84 9. Forest Ecosystem map of the Rock Creek Unit of the WLA 85 10. Oak Creek Unit – Planned treatment areas within 5 years 91 11. Rock Creek Unit – Planned treatment areas within 5 years 92 12. Oak Creek Unit – Priority treatment areas 93 13. Rock Creek Unit – Priority treatment areas 94 14. Oak Creek Fire District Boundaries 109 Tables Table 1. Oak Creek Wildlife Area Units and Regulatory Designations 28 Table 2. Ecological Systems of Concern on the Oak Creek Wildlife Area 34 Table 3. State and Federal Conservation Status, WDFW Priority Habitats and Species (PHS) and SGCN Criteria and Priority Areas that may occur on the wildlife area units 37 Table 4. Yakima River Watershed Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Stock Profiles 48 Table 5 Forest Ecological Systems on the Oak Creek Wildlife Area 52 Table 6. Planned forest treatment projects within the next 5 years 53 Table 7. Fire history on or near Oak Creek Wildlife Area 55 Table 8. Key impacts of climate change, potential management actions and information gaps for forest habitats 57 Table 9. Key impacts of climate change, potential management actions and information gaps for grassland and shrubland habitats 58 Table 10. Vulnerability* Assessment Information for Key Species (WDFW 2015) 59 Table 11. Potential Climate Impacts, Effect on Habitat and Management Actions 60 Table 12. Summary of Research Activities Conducted on Oak Creek Wildlife Area 61 Table 13. Recreation use on Oak Creek Wildlife Area 64 Table 14. Goals, Objectives, Performance Measures 70 Table 15. Planned Forest Treatment Projects within the next 5 years 90 Table 16. Priority Habitat in Yakima County 95 Table 17. SGCN Relationships with Ecological Systems of Concern – Oak Creek Wildlife Area 96 Table 18. OCWLA weed table including the weed class and unit location on the wildlife area 99 Table 19. Future aquatic restoration opportunities 100 6 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife List of Acronyms & Abbreviations BLM Bureau of Land Management BPA Bonneville Power Administration CCC Cowiche Canyon Conservancy CWICC Central Washington Interagency Communications Center DAHP Washington State Department of Archaeology & Historic Preservation DNR Washington State Department of Natural Resources EIA Ecological Integrity Assessment EIM Ecological Integrity Monitoring ESA Endangered Species Act IPM Integrated Pest Management TNC The Nature Conservancy PHS Priority Habitats and Species RCW Revised Code of Washington RCO Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office RMEF Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation SEPA State Environmental Policy Act SGCN Species of Greatest Conservation Need SRFB Salmon Recovery Funding Board SWAP State Wildlife Action Plan USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service USFS United States Forest Service WAC Washington Administrative Code WA AC Wildlife Area Advisory Committee WDFW Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife WLA Wildlife Area WHCWG Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group WWRP Washington Wildlife and Recreation Program Oak Creek Wildlife Areas Management Plan 7 North Fork Wenas Creek Canyon Photo by John Marshall 8 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Area Management Planning Overview Introduction developed to be consistent with WDFW’s mission, strategic Under state law, the Washington State Department of plan, and requirements associated with the funds used to Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is charged with “preserving, purchase the wildlife areas. The plan is intended to provide protecting, and perpetuating” the state’s fish and wildlife a clear vision of how these lands are managed to a variety of species, while also providing sustainable recreational audiences, including WDFW staff and the public. opportunities that are compatible with fish and wildlife stewardship. Today, WDFW owns or manages nearly one Public Outreach million acres in 33 wildlife areas across Washington, whose and Stakeholder Involvement Process diversity includes nearly all species and habitats present in The agency is committed to a transparent and inclusive public the state. With the loss of natural habitat posing the single outreach process for all wildlife area management plans. greatest threat to native fish and wildlife, these areas play a Under the umbrella of the statewide goals listed below, a critical conservation role. The wildlife area management plan customized outreach strategy was developed for this area, addresses all aspects of resource management, and aligns with tailored to local and regional stakeholders, as well as local statewide conservation goals. and out of the area visitors and user groups. For this plan, the public process included three elements: 1) public and advisory The Oak Creek Wildlife Area Management Plan was committee meetings; 2) development and distribution of developed by an interdisciplinary team of WDFW staff with fact sheets, meeting announcements, and news releases; and significant public involvement. This included input from the 3) solicitation of public comments through phone, email, local stakeholder-based Oak Creek Wildlife Area Advisory and the WDFW website. A complete summary of the Committee (WAAC), input from other public agencies, and public outreach activities is included in Appendix H, Public input from other interested citizens gathered from two public Response Summary, and on the WDFW website at http:// meetings. wdfw.wa.gov/lands/wildlife_areas/management_plans/. Wildlife Area Management Statewide Planning Goals Planning Framework A complete list of goals, objectives, and performance Management of these areas is guided by WDFW’s mission measures specific to this wildlife area can be found in and strategic plan, as well as by state and federal laws. Each Appendix A. new plan is guided by the Wildlife Area Management Planning Framework (Framework), which summarizes Wildlife Area Vision the agency’s mission, laws, policies and approaches to The vision of the Oak Creek Wildlife Area is to protect and management of fish and wildlife, as well as public use enhance
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