WDFW Game Management Plan
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DRAFT GAME MANAGEMENT PLAN July 2003 – June 2009 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 Director, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Date AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON STATE OF WASHINGTON Gary Locke Governor WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Jeff P. Koenings Director WILDLIFE PROGRAM Dave Brittell Assistant Director GAME DIVISION Dave Ware Game Division Manager This Program Receives Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Project W-96-R, Game Surveys. This report should be cited as: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2002. Game Management Plan. Wildlife Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, USA. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive summary.................................................................................................................i Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Public involvement ......................................................................................................... 1 Commission and Department authorities........................................................................ 2 Background and setting .................................................................................................. 4 Native Americans ........................................................................................................... 4 European settlement........................................................................................................ 5 The natural environment................................................................................................. 9 Social environment ....................................................................................................... 10 Industry......................................................................................................................... 10 Land use and ownership ............................................................................................... 11 Washington hunters ...................................................................................................... 11 Resource Allocation...................................................................................................... 13 Hunter education/safety training................................................................................... 14 Hunter access................................................................................................................ 14 Economics..................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2 General game management issues ................................................................................ 18 Scientific and professional management of hunted wildlife......................................... 18 Public support for hunting as a management tool......................................................... 19 Hunter ethics and fair chase.......................................................................................... 21 Hunter behavior and ethics ........................................................................................... 22 Private land programs and hunter access...................................................................... 23 Road management......................................................................................................... 23 Tribal hunting ............................................................................................................... 25 Predator management ................................................................................................... 26 Hunting season regulations ........................................................................................... 28 Game species damage and nuisance ............................................................................. 29 Monitoring .................................................................................................................... 31 Literature cited.............................................................................................................. 31 Chapter 3 Elk................................................................................................................................. 34 Deer............................................................................................................................... 56 Bighorn sheep ............................................................................................................... 70 Mountain goat............................................................................................................... 77 Moose............................................................................................................................ 82 Black bear ..................................................................................................................... 86 Cougar........................................................................................................................... 94 Waterfowl ................................................................................................................... 102 Mourning dove, band-tailed pigeon, coot, and snipe.................................................. 112 Wild turkey ................................................................................................................. 117 Mountain quail............................................................................................................ 123 Forest grouse............................................................................................................... 126 Upland game birds...................................................................................................... 130 Small game animals, furbearers, and unclassified wildlife ........................................ 138 Appendices Appendix A - RCW 77.04.012 Mandate of department and commission.................. 145 Appendix B - Resident hunting license deer and elk tag fee changes since 1901...... 146 Appendix C - Summary of 1999 public land ownership and use in Washington....... 147 Appendix D - Public comments and agency responses .............................................. 148 Appendix E - Mailing list ................................................................................................. Game Management Plan Executive Summary This plan will guide the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s management of hunted wildlife for the next six years. The focus is on harvest management (hunting) and those factors that have the greatest effect on game populations. The history of this country and the state of Washington sets the stage for current wildlife management philosophy and the legacy of wildlife conservation provided by hunters. Hunting and hunters will continue to play a major role in wildlife conservation and management in Washington’s future. Washington’s citizens played a very strong role in the development of this plan. Over the past two years, a variety of public involvement opportunities were utilized to solicit ideas. In all, several thousand citizens provided comments, edits, and priority issues. The Game Management Advisory Council, a group of citizens representing conservation and hunting organizations, landowners, and biologists was continually involved in identifying and refining issues. In addition, a very extensive public opinion survey was conducted for the Department by the private consulting firm, Responsive Management. Finally, a panel of scientists from various Universities and specialists from across the west reviewed several key issues associated with Washington’s elk management and made recommendations to WDFW for changes. The information and the priority actions identified in this comprehensive process directed the development of this plan. Chapter two of the plan addresses those priority issues identified by the public that are not specifically addressed in the species management sections in chapter three. These key issues are: 1. Scientific/professional management of hunted species 2. Public support for hunting as a management tool 3. Hunter ethics and fair chase 4. Private lands programs and hunter access 5. Tribal hunting 6. Predator management 7. Hunting season regulations 8. Game damage and nuisance With all of these issues, it is understood that the development and implementation of strategies are conditioned first on meeting game population objectives. Science is the core of wildlife management and maintaining population objectives is what ensures accomplishment of the legislative mandate to preserve, protect, and perpetuate wildlife while maximizing recreation. With science and the goal of sustaining game populations as the foundation, M many of the strategies in Chapter 2 identify education, public involvement in decisions, and subsequent monitoring of public satisfaction as priorities. Tribal hunting strategies hinge on the development of cooperative harvest management plans and increased coordination in the management of our respective hunters. Strategies to review and improve private i land programs and address game damage rely on working groups of stakeholders to develop recommendations for future actions. Attention is given to those values identified in recent public opinion