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CHEMICAL WEAPONS WRIT LARGE SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Charles P CHEMICAL WEAPONS WRIT LARGE SUGGESTED ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Charles P. Blair Draft only. Last updated 08/2013. Contents ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 WORKSHEET: TEMPLATE OF CW AGENTS........................................................................... 2 http://blogs.fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/CW- Agents_Typology_Specifics_Black_Template.pdf ........................................................................ 2 GO TO ON-LINE TEXTS .............................................................................................................. 2 CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................................................. 3 EXPLORATION OF AGENT HANDLING .................................................................................. 3 FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS COLLECTION OF CRS REPORTS ................ 3 EARLY CLASSIFICATIONS [TYPOLOGIES] ........................................................................... 4 SPECIFIC AGENT OVERVIEWS ................................................................................................ 4 CHOKING AGENTS ....................................................................................................................... 4 . Chlorine (CI) 1915 ............................................................................................................... 4 . Phosgene (CG) 1915 ............................................................................................................ 4 . Diphosgene 1916 ................................................................................................................. 4 . Chloropicrin (PS) 1916 ........................................................................................................ 4 BLISTER AGENTS .......................................................................................................................... 4 . MUSTARD: ......................................................................................................................... 4 . Sulfur Mustard ..................................................................................................................... 4 . Nitrogen Mustard (synthesized late 1930s) ......................................................................... 4 . Lewisite (L) .......................................................................................................................... 4 . Phosgene Oxime 1915 ......................................................................................................... 4 BLOOD AGENTS............................................................................................................................ 5 . Hydrogen Cyanide ............................................................................................................... 5 NERVE AGENTS ............................................................................................................................ 5 Tabun (GA) .......................................................................................................................... 5 Sarin (GB) ............................................................................................................................ 5 Soman (GD) ......................................................................................................................... 5 RIOT CONTROL AGENTS (RCAs) ............................................................................................. 6 BINARY CHEMICAL MUNITIONS THAT DELIVER SARIN ................................................. 6 CW Stockpile Disposal ................................................................................................................... 6 . United States ........................................................................................................................ 6 . IRAQ .................................................................................................................................... 6 PROTOCOLS, CONVENTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS: CW NONPROLIFERATION REGIME ESSENTIALS ................................................................................................................. 6 Geneva Protocol .......................................................................................................................... 7 CWC ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) Monterey’s James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies CNS), Overview, Text and Membership........................................................................ 7 OPCW ......................................................................................................................................... 7 More Regime Resources ................................................................................................................. 7 Organizations – CW and CBRN writ large ................................................................................. 7 Nonproliferation Export Control Regimes – CW and CBRN writ large .................................... 7 Regional Organizations and Regimes – CW and CBRN writ large ........................................... 7 Treaties – CW and CBRN writ large .......................................................................................... 8 WORKSHEET: TEMPLATE OF CW AGENTS http://blogs.fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/CW- Agents_Typology_Specifics_Black_Template.pdf HANDY AND SEMINAL ON-LINE TEXTS Textbook of Military Medicine on: Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare, (Borden Institute, Office of The Surgeon General, AMEDD Center & School, US Army, 2008). http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/borden/Portlet.aspx?id=d3d11f5a-f2ef- 4b4e-b75b-6ba4b64e4fb2 Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compound [ (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, Department of the Air Force, January 2005). https://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-11-9.pdf . NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations, Part III: Chemical (Washington, D.C.: Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, February 1, 1996). http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/dod/fm8-9/3toc.htm . The Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) Part II: Weapons of Mass Destruction Technologies (ADA 330102), U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, February 1998. http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/mctl98-2/ Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies Underlying Weapons of Mass Destruction (Washington, DC: OTA, 1993). http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ota/9344.pdf CASE STUDIES Jonathan B. Tucker, editor, Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 2000). Marc Sageman, Terrance Leighton, Lloyd Hough, Hidemi Yuki, Rui Kotani and Zachary M. Hosfor, “Aum Shinrikyo Insights Into How Terrorists Develop Biological and Chemical Weapons,” Centers for a New American Security, July 2011, pp. 29-34 and 46-50. Available at: http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_AumShinrikyo _SecondEdition_English.pdf Amy Smithson and Leslie-Anne Levy, “Ataxia: The Chemical and Biological Terrorism Threat and The US Response,” Stimson Report 35. October 09, 2000. See especially Chapter Three, “The Lesson of Tokyo [Aum’s Attack]. Available At: http://www.stimson.org/books- reports/ataxia-the-chemical-and-biological-terrorism-threat-and-the-us- response/ EXPLORATION OF AGENT HANDLING Uncle Fester, Silent Death (Port Townsend, Washington: Loompanics Unlimited, 1997). (Available from instructor.) FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS COLLECTION OF CRS REPORTS http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/index.html EARLY CLASSIFICATIONS [TYPOLOGIES] SPECIFIC AGENT OVERVIEWS CHOKING AGENTS . Chlorine (CI) 1915 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750 024.html . Phosgene (CG) 1915 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750 023.html . Diphosgene 1916 [NERVE AGENTS} Textbook of Military Medicine on: (2008) Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare, (Borden Institute, Office of The Surgeon General, AMEDD Center & School, US Army), page 20. https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/chemwarfare/ CHAP2_Pg_09-76.pdf . Chloropicrin (PS) 1916 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750 034.html BLISTER AGENTS . MUSTARD: . Sulfur Mustard1 (HD – Distilled Sulfur Mustard) 1915 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCar d_29750008.html . Nitrogen Mustard (synthesized late 1930s) . Lewisite (L) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_2975 0006.html . Phosgene Oxime 19152 1 Impure sulfur mustard (H). See Textbook of Military Medicine on: (2008) Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare, (Borden Institute, Office of the Surgeon General, AMEDD Center & School, US Army), page 260. Available at: https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/chemwarfare/CH8_Pgs259-310.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_2975 0009.html See also: [VESICANTS / BLISTER AGENTS] Textbook of Military Medicine on: (2008) Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare, (Borden Institute, Office of The Surgeon General, AMEDD Center & School, US Army), chapter 8. https://ke.army.mil/bordeninstitute/published_volumes/chemwarfar
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