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PROCEEDINGS ISSN Online: 2518-427X of the PAKISTAN ACADEMY of SCIENCES: PROCEEDINGS Vol ISSN Print: 2518-4261 PROCEEDINGS ISSN Online: 2518-427X OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: PROCEEDINGS Vol. 55(4), December 2018 B. Life and Environmental Sciences OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: C O N T E N T S B. Life and Environmental Sciences Volume 55, No. 4, December 2018 Page Review Articles Striking Applications of Keratinase Enzyme Isolated from Various Natural Sources: A Review 01 Ikram ul Haq, and Fatima Akram Methods to Analyze Proteins from Soils 19 Salma Mukhtar, Nayaab Laaldin, Samina Mehnaz, and Kauser Abdulla Malik Research Articles Growth Performance of Labeo rohita and Gibelion catla against Different Oilseed Meal 29 Based Diets in Semi-intensive Culture Javairia Shafi, Kashifa Naghma Waheed, Muhammad Zafarullah, and Hafiza Fariha Anum Quality of Tomatoes as Influenced by Bio-Chemicals and Controlled Atmosphere during Storage 39 Shahid Masood, Muhammad Atif Randhawa, Waqas Ahmad, Masood Sadiq Butt, Muhammad Asghar, and Saqib Jabbar Chromium Induced Elevated Glutathione S-transferase Activity in Cirrhina mrigala 49 Samreen Gull, Sajid Abdullah, Huma Naz, and Khalid Abbas Contemplating Toxicity of Atrazine on Lipid Profile of Fresh Water Fish Ctenopharyngodono( idella) 55 An Experimental Approach Ahsan Khan, Nazish Shah, Mukhtar Alam, and Khaliq Ur Rahman Patterns in Anthelmintic Administration for Laying Hens in Blitar and Kediri District - Indonesia 65 and the Opportunities of Drug Resistance www.paspk.org Website: Lili Zalizar, Wehandaka Pancapalaga, Dian Indratmi, and Yahya Jani Physicochemical Properties of Soil as Affected by Land Use Change in a Tropical 71 Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern Bangladesh Md. Habibur Rahman, and Md. Bahauddin Instructions for Authors 86 PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN HEC Recognized, Category Y; PM&DC Recognized CMYK - TITLE 27-05-19 PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Founded 1953 President: M. Qasim Jan Secretary General: M. Aslam Baig Treasurer: G. A. Miana Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, published since 1964, is quarterly journal of the Academy. It publishes original research papers and reviews in basic and applied sciences. All papers are peer reviewed. Authors are not required to be Fellows or Members of the Academy, or citizens of Pakistan. Editor: Irum Iqrar, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Discipline Editors: Animal Sciences: Abdul Rauf Shakoori, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Biological Sciences: Gary Stein, Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA; [email protected] Environmental Sciences: Zahir Ahmad Zahir, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Food Sciences: G. Sarwar Gilani, 506 Caracole Way, Ottawa, Ontario K4A 0W3, Canada [email protected] Health Sciences: Rumina Hasan, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; [email protected] Health Sciences: Eberhard Nieschlag, Universitäts Klinikum Münster, Münster, Germany; [email protected] Pharmaceutical Sciences: Wolfgang Voelter, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen,Germany; [email protected] Plant Sciences: Muhammad Ashraf, Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board: Muscolo Adele, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano BZ, Italy; [email protected] Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; [email protected] Zafar Ullah Chaudhry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan; [email protected] Adnan Hayder, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;[email protected] Daniel Christian Hoessli,Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva Switzerland; [email protected] Rabia Hussain, Hashim Tabba Road, Mohammad Ali Housing Society, Karachi, Pakistan; [email protected] Muhammad Iqbal, National Physical and Standards Laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Perwaiz Iqbal, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; [email protected] Fulai Liu, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, Copenhagen K, Denmark; [email protected] Izhar Mateen, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected], [email protected] Benedict Okeke, Auburn University at Montgomery, Alabama, USA; [email protected] Munir Ozturk, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; [email protected] Muhammad Qaisar, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; [email protected] Zabta K. Shinwari, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Tariq Siddique, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; [email protected] Youcai Xiong, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; [email protected] Peter Wynn, 75 Headland Drive, Tura Beach, NSW 2548, Australia; [email protected] Annual Subscription: Pakistan: Institutions, Rupees 2000/- ; Individuals, Rupees 1000/- Other Countries: US$ 100.00 (includes air-lifted overseas delivery) © Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Reproduction of paper abstracts is permitted provided the source is acknowledged. Permission to reproduce any other material may be obtained in writing from the Editor-in-Chief. The data and opinions published in the Proceedings are of the author(s) only. The Pakistan Academy of Sciences and the Editors accept no responsibility whatsoever in this regard. HEC Recognized, Category Y; PM&DC Recognized Published by Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-5 1-920 7140 & 921 5478; Fax: 92-51-920 6770; Website: www.paspk.org Printed at PanGraphics (Pvt) Ltd., No. 1, I & T Centre, G-7/l, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-51-220 2272, 220 2449 Fax: 92-51-220 2450 E-mail: [email protected] PROCEEDINGS OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: B. Life and Environmental Sciences C O N T E N T S Volume 55, No. 4, December 2018 Page Review Articles Striking Applications of Keratinase Enzyme Isolated from Various Natural Sources: A Review 01 Ikram ul Haq, and Fatima Akram Methods to Analyze Proteins from Soils 19 Salma Mukhtar, Nayaab Laaldin, Samina Mehnaz, and Kauser Abdulla Malik Research Articles Growth Performance of Labeo rohita and Gibelion catla against Different Oilseed Meal 29 Based Diets in Semi-intensive Culture Javairia Shafi, Kashifa Naghma Waheed, Muhammad Zafarullah,and Hafiza Fariha Anum Quality of Tomatoes as Influenced by Bio-Chemicals and Controlled Atmosphere during Storage 39 Shahid Masood, Muhammad Atif Randhawa, Waqas Ahmad, Masood Sadiq Butt, Muhammad Asghar, and Saqib Jabbar Chromium Induced Elevated Glutathione S-transferase Activity in Cirrhina mrigala 49 Samreen Gull, Sajid Abdullah, Huma Naz, and Khalid Abbas Contemplating Toxicity of Atrazine on Lipid Profile of Fresh Water Fish Ctenopharyngodono( idella) 55 An Experimental Approach Ahsan Khan, Nazish Shah, Mukhtar Alam, and Khaliq Ur Rahman Patterns in Anthelmintic Administration for Laying Hens in Blitar and Kediri District - Indonesia 65 and the Opportunities of Drug Resistance Lili Zalizar, Wehandaka Pancapalaga, Dian Indratmi, and Yahya Jani Physicochemical Properties of Soil as Affected by Land Use Change in a Tropical 71 Forest Ecosystem of Northeastern Bangladesh Md. Habibur Rahman, and Md. Bahauddin Instructions for Authors 86 Submission of Manuscripts: Manuscripts may be submitted as E-mail attachment at [email protected]. Authors must consult the Instructions for Authors at the end of this issue or at the Website: www.paspk.org Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Pakistan Academy of Sciences B. Life and Environmental Sciences 55 (4): 1–17 (2018) Copyright © Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 2518-4261 (print), ISSN 2518-427X (online) Review Article Striking Applications of Keratinase Enzyme Isolated from Various Natural Sources: A Review Ikram ul Haq1,2*, and Fatima Akram1 1Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 2Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad Abstract: Keratinase enzymes are protein hydrolyzing enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolase group and act specifically on keratin proteins to degrade them. Since keratin proteins are present in hair, hoofs, nails, beaks, animal skins, feathers and most of our green wastes, leaving them untreated may lead to environmental pollution. So, treating such material with keratinase enzyme in order to reduce environmental pollution is one of the striking applications of keratinase enzymes. Other applications may include dehairing, use in cosmetics, drugs, clothing and biofuel production. In this study, major focus has been given to applications of keratinases; however, the methods and sources of isolation of keratinase enzymes from different microbial sources has also been discussed. Bacteria as well as fungi possess the ability to produce extracellular keratinases which may be isolated and applied to several industrial sectors. Substitution of chemical agents with keratinase has been emphasized because in comparison to chemicals, keratinase enzymes are eco-friendly, biodegradable, do not produce harmful by-products and give very efficient results. Keywords: Dehairing, Keratin, Keratinolytic enzyme, Serine, Domains, Bacillus. 1. INTRODUCTION In contrast to hard keratins, soft keratins are those which are abundantly present in tissues such as Keratins are the proteins which are usually present epithelial tissues. in two forms, namely hard keratins and soft keratins. Hard keratins mainly include the structural proteins Since the major focus of this study is on keratin which are prevalently
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