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Can Skype Be More Satisfying? a Qoe-Centric Study of the FEC
HUANG LAYOUT 2/22/10 1:14 PM Page 2 Could Skype Be More Satisfying? A QoE-Centric Study of the FEC Mechanism in an Internet-Scale VoIP System Te-Yuan Huang, Stanford University Polly Huang, National Taiwan University Kuan-Ta Chen, Academia Sinica Po-Jung Wang, National Taiwan University Abstract The phenomenal growth of Skype in recent years has surpassed all expectations. Much of the application’s success is attributed to its FEC mechanism, which adds redundancy to voice streams to sustain audio quality under network impairments. Adopting the quality of experience approach (i.e., measuring the mean opinion scores), we examine how much redundancy Skype adds to its voice streams and systematically explore the optimal level of redundancy for different network and codec settings. This study reveals that Skype’s FEC mechanism, not so surprisingly, falls in the ballpark, but there is surprisingly a significant margin for improvement to ensure consistent user satisfaction. here is no doubt that Skype is the most popular VoIP data, at the error concealment level. service. At the end of 2009, there were 500 million Hereafter, we refer to the redundancy-based error conceal- users registered with Skype, and the number of concur- ment function of the system as the forward error correction rent online users regularly exceeds 20 million. Accord- (FEC) mechanism. There are two components in a general Ting to TeleGeography, in 2008 8 percent of international FEC mechanism: a redundancy control algorithm and a redun- long-distance calls were made via Skype, making Skype the dancy coding scheme. The control algorithm decides how largest international voice carrier in the world. -
Procurve Network Access Controller 800
ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 The ProCurve Network Access Controller (NAC) 800 combines a RADIUS- based authentication server and the ability to validate the integrity of the systems connecting to the network, allowing network administrators to secure the network from unauthorized users and systems that pose a threat to the network resources. ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 (J9065A) ProCurve Network Access Controller 800 Features and benefits Resiliency and high availability Management • Enforcement server resiliency and redundancy: enable high network availability • Centralized endpoint policy management: for mission-critical LAN deployments; endpoint testing policies are centrally enforcement servers continue to provide managed by a single management server and authentication and endpoint testing services in shared by up to ten enforcement servers the absence of a management server and can be configured in clusters to provide • Administration console: a Web-based console redundancy and load-balancing for endpoint provides an easy-to-use interface for testing configuring endpoint policies and enforcement clusters as well as a dashboard-style interface Security for viewing the status of endpoint integrity testing • Built-in RADIUS server: can perform authentication services or act as a proxy server • Default testing policies: default testing for a remote RADIUS authentication service policies provide a great starting point for endpoint testing and can be easily utilized as • Supports standard-based or a local the basis -
The Complete Solutions Guide for Every Linux/Windows System Administrator!
Integrating Linux and Windows Integrating Linux and Windows By Mike McCune Publisher : Prentice Hall PTR Pub Date : December 19, 2000 ISBN : 0-13-030670-3 • Pages : 416 The complete solutions guide for every Linux/Windows system administrator! This complete Linux/Windows integration guide offers detailed coverage of dual- boot issues, data compatibility, and networking. It also handles topics such as implementing Samba file/print services for Windows workstations and providing cross-platform database access. Running Linux and Windows in the same environment? Here's the comprehensive, up-to-the-minute solutions guide you've been searching for! In Integrating Linux and Windows, top consultant Mike McCune brings together hundreds of solutions for the problems that Linux/Windows system administrators encounter most often. McCune focuses on the critical interoperability issues real businesses face: networking, program/data compatibility, dual-boot systems, and more. You'll discover exactly how to: Use Samba and Linux to deliver high-performance, low-cost file and print services to Windows workstations Compare and implement the best Linux/Windows connectivity techniques: NFS, FTP, remote commands, secure shell, telnet, and more Provide reliable data exchange between Microsoft Office and StarOffice for Linux Provide high-performance cross-platform database access via ODBC Make the most of platform-independent, browser-based applications Manage Linux and Windows on the same workstation: boot managers, partitioning, compressed drives, file systems, and more. For anyone running both Linux and Windows, McCune delivers honest and objective explanations of all your integration options, plus realistic, proven solutions you won't find anywhere else. Integrating Linux and Windows will help you keep your users happy, your costs under control, and your sanity intact! 1 Integrating Linux and Windows 2 Integrating Linux and Windows Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCune, Mike. -
DVD-Ofimática 2014-07
(continuación 2) Calizo 0.2.5 - CamStudio 2.7.316 - CamStudio Codec 1.5 - CDex 1.70 - CDisplayEx 1.9.09 - cdrTools FrontEnd 1.5.2 - Classic Shell 3.6.8 - Clavier+ 10.6.7 - Clementine 1.2.1 - Cobian Backup 8.4.0.202 - Comical 0.8 - ComiX 0.2.1.24 - CoolReader 3.0.56.42 - CubicExplorer 0.95.1 - Daphne 2.03 - Data Crow 3.12.5 - DejaVu Fonts 2.34 - DeltaCopy 1.4 - DVD-Ofimática Deluge 1.3.6 - DeSmuME 0.9.10 - Dia 0.97.2.2 - Diashapes 0.2.2 - digiKam 4.1.0 - Disk Imager 1.4 - DiskCryptor 1.1.836 - Ditto 3.19.24.0 - DjVuLibre 3.5.25.4 - DocFetcher 1.1.11 - DoISO 2.0.0.6 - DOSBox 0.74 - DosZip Commander 3.21 - Double Commander 0.5.10 beta - DrawPile 2014-07 0.9.1 - DVD Flick 1.3.0.7 - DVDStyler 2.7.2 - Eagle Mode 0.85.0 - EasyTAG 2.2.3 - Ekiga 4.0.1 2013.08.20 - Electric Sheep 2.7.b35 - eLibrary 2.5.13 - emesene 2.12.9 2012.09.13 - eMule 0.50.a - Eraser 6.0.10 - eSpeak 1.48.04 - Eudora OSE 1.0 - eViacam 1.7.2 - Exodus 0.10.0.0 - Explore2fs 1.08 beta9 - Ext2Fsd 0.52 - FBReader 0.12.10 - ffDiaporama 2.1 - FileBot 4.1 - FileVerifier++ 0.6.3 DVD-Ofimática es una recopilación de programas libres para Windows - FileZilla 3.8.1 - Firefox 30.0 - FLAC 1.2.1.b - FocusWriter 1.5.1 - Folder Size 2.6 - fre:ac 1.0.21.a dirigidos a la ofimática en general (ofimática, sonido, gráficos y vídeo, - Free Download Manager 3.9.4.1472 - Free Manga Downloader 0.8.2.325 - Free1x2 0.70.2 - Internet y utilidades). -
Specview User Manual Rev 3.04 for Version
User Manual Copyright SpecView 1994 - 2007 3.04 For SpecView Version 2.5 Build #830/32 Disclaimer SpecView software communicates with industrial instrumentation and displays and stores the information it receives. It is always possible that the data being displayed, stored or adjusted is not as expected. ERRORS IN THE DATABASE OR ELSEWHERE MEAN THAT YOU COULD BE READING OR ADJUSTING SOMETHING OTHER THAN THAT WHICH YOU EXPECT! Safety devices must ALWAYS be used so that safe operation of equipment is assured even if incorrect data is read by or sent from SpecView. SpecView itself MUST NOT BE USED IN ANY WAY AS A SAFETY DEVICE! SpecView will not be responsible for any loss or damage caused by incorrect use or operation, even if caused by errors in programs supplied by SpecView Corporation. Warranties & Trademarks This document is for information only and is subject to change without prior notice. SpecView is a registered trademark of SpecView Corporation Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other products and brand names are trademarks of their respective companies. Copyright 1995-2007 by SpecView Corporation. All Rights Reserved. This document was produced using HelpAndManual. I Contents I Table of Contents Foreword 0 1 Installation 1 1.1 Instrument................................................................................................................................... Installation and Wiring 1 1.2 Instrument.................................................................................................................................. -
1. Zpracování Hlasu 2. Kodeky
2. přenáška Hlas a jeho kódování 1 Osnova přednášky 1. Zpracování hlasu 2. Kodeky 2 1. Hlas 3 Hlas Kmitočet hlasivek je charakterizován základním tónem lidského hlasu (pitch periode) F0, který tvoří základ znělých zvuků (tj. samohlásek a znělých souhlásek). Kmitočet základního tónu je různý u dětí, dospělých, mužů i žen, pohybuje se většinou v rozmezí 150 až 4 000 Hz. Sdělení zprostředkované řečovým signálem je diskrétní, tzn. může být vyjádřeno ve tvaru posloupnosti konečného počtu symbolů. Každý jazyk má vlastní množinu těchto symbolů – fonemů, většinou 30 až 50. Hlásky řeči dále můžeme rozdělit na znělé (n, e, ...), neznělé (š, č, ...) a jejich kombinace. Znělá hláska představuje kvaziperiodický průběh signálu, neznělá pak signál podobný šumu. Navíc energie znělých hlásek je větší než neznělých. Krátký časový úsek znělé hlásky můžeme charakterizovat její jemnou a formantovou strukturou. Formantem označujeme tón tvořící akustický základ hlásky. Ten vlastně představuje spektrální obal řečového signálu. Jemná harmonická struktura představuje chvění hlasivek. 4 Příklad časového a kmitočtového průběhu znělého a neznělého segmentu hovorového signálu Blíže http://www.itpoint.cz/ip-telefonie/teorie/princip-zpracovani-hlasu-ip-telefonie.asp 5 Pásmo potřebné pro telefonii 6 Pěvecké výkony jsou mimo oblast IP telefonie Blíže diskuze na http://forum.avmania.e15.cz/viewtopic.php?style=2&f=1724&t=1062463&p=6027671&sid= 7 2. Kodeky 8 Brána VoIP 9 Architektura VoIP brány SLIC – Subscriber Line Interface Circuit PLC – Packet Loss Concealment (odstranění důsledků ztrát rámců) Echo canceliation – odstranění odezvy 10 Některé vlastnosti kodérů . Voice Activity Detection (VAD) V pauze řeči je produkováno jen velmi malé množství bitů, které stačí na generování šumu. -
DVD-Libre 2007-12 DVD-Libre Diciembre De 2007 De Diciembre
(continuación) Java Runtime Environment 6 update 3 - Java Software Development Kit 6 update 3 - JClic 0.1.2.2 - jEdit 4.2 - JkDefrag 3.32 - jMemorize 1.2.3 - Joomla! 1.0.13 - Juice Receiver 2.2 - K-Meleon 1.1.3 - Kana no quiz 1.9 - KDiff3 0.9.92 - KeePass 1.04 Catalán - KeePass 1.09 - KeePass 1.09 Castellano - KeyJnote 0.10.1 - KeyNote 1.6.5 - Kicad 2007.07.09 - Kitsune 2.0 - Kompozer 0.7.10 - Kompozer 0.7.10 Castellano - KVIrc 3.2.0 - Launchy 1.25 - Lazarus 0.9.24 - LenMus 3.6 - Liberation Fonts 2007.08.03 - lightTPD 1.4.18-1 - Lilypond 2.10.33-1 - Linux DVD-Libre Libertine 2.6.9 - LockNote 1.0.4 - Logisim 2.1.6 - LPSolve IDE 5.5.0.5 - Lynx 2.8.6 rel2 - LyX 1.5.2-1 - LyX 1.5.2-1 cdlibre.org Bundle - Macanova 5.05 R3 - MALTED 2.5 - Mambo 4.6.2 - Maxima 5.13.0 - MD5summer 1.2.0.05 - Media Player Classic 6.4.9.0 Windows 9X / Windows XP - MediaCoder 0.6.0.3996 - MediaInfo 0.7.5.6 - MediaPortal 0.2.3.0 - 2007-12 MediaWiki 1.11.0 - Memorize Words Flashcard System 2.1.1.0 - Mercurial 0.9.5 - Minimum Profit 5.0.0 - Miranda IM 0.7.3 Windows 9X / Windows XP - Miro 1.0 - Mixere 1.1.00 - Mixxx 1.5.0.1 - mod_python 3.3.1 (py 2.4 - ap 2.0 / py 2.4 - ap 2.2 / py 2.5 - ap 2.0 / py 2.5 - ap 2.2) - Mono 1.2.4 - MonoCalendar 0.7.2 - monotone 0.38 - Moodle DVD-Libre es una recopilación de programas libres para Windows. -
DVD-Ofimática 2014-03
(continuación 2) CamStudio 2.7.316 - CamStudio Codec 1.5 - CDex 1.70 beta 4 - CDisplayEx 1.9.09 - cdrTools FrontEnd 1.5.2 - Classic Shell 3.6.8 - Clavier+ 10.6.7 - Clementine 1.2.1 - Cobian Backup 8.4.0.202 - Comical 0.8 - ComiX 0.2.1.24 - CoolReader 3.0.56.42 - CubicExplorer 0.95.1 - Daphne 1.55 - Data Crow 3.12.5 - DejaVu Fonts 2.34 - DVD-Ofimática Deluge 1.3.6 - DeSmuME 0.9.10 - Dia 0.97.2.2 - Diashapes 0.2.2 - digiKam 3.4.0 - Disk Imager 1.4 - DiskCryptor 1.0.802.118 - Ditto 3.18.46.0 - DjVuLibre 3.5.25.4 - DocFetcher 1.1.10 - DoISO 2.0.0.6 - DOSBox 0.74 - DosZip Commander 3.21 - Double Commander 2014-03 0.5.8 beta - DrawPile 0.8.0 - DrawPile 0.8.5 actualización - DVD Flick 1.3.0.7 - DVDStyler 2.7 - DVDx 4.1.1.1 - Eagle Mode 0.84.0 - EasyTAG 2.1.10 - Ekiga 4.0.1 2013.08.20 - Electric Sheep 2.7.b35 - eLibrary 2.5.13 - emesene 2.12.9 2012.09.13 - eMule 0.50.a - Eraser 6.0.10 DVD-Ofimática es una recopilación de programas libres para Windows - eSpeak 1.48.02 - Eudora OSE 1.0 - eViacam 1.7.0 - Evince 2.32.0.145 - Exodus 0.10.0.0 - dirigidos a la ofimática en general (ofimática, sonido, gráficos y vídeo, Explore2fs 1.08 beta9 - Ext2Fsd 0.51 - FBReader 0.12.10 - FileBot 3.8 - FileVerifier++ 0.6.3 - Internet y utilidades). -
PC-Netzwerke – Das Umfassende Handbuch 735 Seiten, Gebunden, Mit DVD, 7
Wissen, wie’s geht. Leseprobe Wir leben in einer Welt voller Netzwerktechnologien. Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie diese sinnvoll einsetzen und ihre Funktionen verstehen. Diese Leseprobe macht Sie bereits mit einzelnen Aspek- ten vertraut. Außerdem können Sie einen Blick in das vollständige Inhalts- und Stichwortverzeichnis des Buches werfen. »Netzwerk-Grundwissen« »Wireless LAN« »DHCP« »Netzwerkspeicher« Inhaltsverzeichnis Index Die Autoren Leseprobe weiterempfehlen Axel Schemberg, Martin Linten, Kai Surendorf PC-Netzwerke – Das umfassende Handbuch 735 Seiten, gebunden, mit DVD, 7. Auflage 2015 29,90 Euro, ISBN 978-3-8362-3680-5 www.rheinwerk-verlag.de/3805 Kapitel 3 Grundlagen der Kommunikation Dieser Teil des Buches soll Ihnen einen vertieften Überblick über das theoretische Gerüst von Netzwerken geben und damit eine Wissensbasis für die weiteren Kapitel des Buches schaffen. Das Verständnis der Theorie wird Ihnen bei der praktischen Arbeit, insbesondere bei der Fehleranalyse, helfen. Aktuelle Netzwerke sind strukturiert aufgebaut. Die Strukturen basieren auf verschie- denen technologischen Ansätzen. Wenn Sie ein Netzwerk aufbauen wollen, dessen Technologie und Struktur Sie ver- stehen möchten, dann werden Sie ohne Theorie sehr schnell an Grenzen stoßen. Sie berauben sich selbst der Möglichkeit eines optimal konfiguriertes Netzwerkes. In Fehlersituationen werden Ihnen die theoretischen Erkenntnisse helfen, einen Feh- ler im Netzwerk möglichst schnell zu finden und geeignete Maßnahmen zu seiner Beseitigung einzuleiten. Ohne theoretische Grundlagen sind Sie letztlich auf Glücks- treffer angewiesen. Dieses Buch legt den Schwerpunkt auf die praxisorientierte Umsetzung von Netzwer- ken und konzentriert sich auf die Darstellung von kompaktem Netzwerkwissen. Ein Computernetzwerk kann man allgemein als Kommunikationsnetzwerk bezeich- nen. Ausgehend von der menschlichen Kommunikation erkläre ich die Kommunika- tion von PCs im Netzwerk. -
Ubuntu 11.04 Niebiańska Nimfa
Ubuntu 11.04 Niebiańska Nimfa Przewodnik Ubuntu 11.04 Niebiańska Nimfa - Przewodnik Spis treści 1. Wprowadzenie ............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Co właściwie umieszczone jest w tym przewodniku? ..................................................4 1.2 Filozofia Ubuntu ...............................................................................................................4 1.3 Dlaczego warto zmienić system na Ubuntu? ................................................................4 2. Rozpoczynamy przygodę! .......................................................................................................5 2.1 Wypróbuj Ubuntu .............................................................................................................5 2.2 Instalacja systemu ............................................................................................................6 2.2.1 Minimalne wymagania .............................................................................................6 2.2.2 Zalecane wymagania ................................................................................................6 2.2.3 Rozpoczęcie instalacji ..............................................................................................6 2.2.4 Wybór języka .............................................................................................................7 2.2.5 Informacje wstępne .................................................................................................7 -
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Proactive, Traffic Adaptive, Collision-Free Medium Access Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r33n43f Author Petkov, Vladislav Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ PROACTIVE, TRAFFIC ADAPTIVE, COLLISION-FREE MEDIUM ACCESS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPUTER ENGINEERING by Vladislav V. Petkov June 2012 The dissertation of Vladislav V. Petkov is approved: Katia Obraczka, Chair J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves Ram Rajagopal Venkatesh Rajendran Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright c by Vladislav V. Petkov 2012 Contents List of Figures v List of Tables vii Abstract viii Dedication xi Acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 Related Work . 5 1.2.1 Contention Based MAC Protocols . 5 1.2.2 Schedule Based MAC Protocols . 10 1.3 Contributions . 14 2 The Utility of Traffic Forecasting to Medium Access Control 16 2.1 Introduction . 16 2.2 Related Work . 18 2.2.1 Schedule Based MAC Protocols . 18 2.2.2 Traffic Forecasting . 19 2.2.3 Quality of Service . 20 2.3 Benefits of Traffic Forecasting . 21 2.4 Forecasting Traffic . 25 2.5 Challenges and Future Work . 29 3 Characterizing Network Traffic Using Entropy 30 3.1 Introduction . 30 3.2 Datasets . 32 3.2.1 Real-time flows . 34 3.2.2 Media streaming flows . 35 3.3 Self-similarity . 36 3.3.1 Self-similarity related work . -
Análise Dos Efeitos De Codecs De Áudio Na Avaliação De Desvios Vocais
1 ANSELMO DE VASCONCELOS CAVALCANTE ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DE CODECS DE ÁUDIO NA AVALIAÇÃO DE DESVIOS VOCAIS João Pessoa - PB Março, 2018 2 ANSELMO DE VASCONCELOS CAVALCANTE ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DE CODECS DE ÁUDIO NA AVALIAÇÃO DE DESVIOS VOCAIS Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba como requisito necessário à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica. Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Suzete Élida Nobrega Correia Coorientadora: Prof. Dra. Silvana Luciene do Nascimento Cunha Costa João Pessoa - PB Março, 2018 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação – CIP Biblioteca Nilo Peçanha – IFPB, Campus João Pessoa C376a Cavalcante, Anselmo de Vasconcelos. Análise dos efeitos de CODECS de áudio na avaliação de desvios vocais / Anselmo de Vasconcelos Cavalcante. – 2018. 89 f. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica) – Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – IFPB / Coordenação de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2018. Orientador: Profº Paulo Henrique da Fonseca Silva. Coorientador: Profº Elder Eldervitch Carneiro de Oliveira 1. Engenharia de comunicação elétrica. 2. Voip. 3. CODECS. 4. Asterisk. 5. Avaliação da qualidade vocal. 6. Telemedicina. I. Título. CDU 621.391 Ivanise Andrade M. de Almeida Bibliotecária-Documentalista CRB-15/0096 4 Aos meus pais, Maria do Socorro e José Anselmo. A minha esposa Carolina. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, que me proporcionou o dom da vida; A minha família, especialmente meus pais, que se doaram intensamente para que sempre buscasse meus objetivos; A minha esposa, que soube entender com extrema maestria as minhas dificuldades e emoções durante a execução deste trabalho, sem nunca deixar de me incentivar; A todos aqueles que um dia foram meus professores, em especial a Suzete Correia, Silvana Costa, Michel Dias e Leonardo Lopes, que me deram total apoio para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa.