Przewodnik Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin

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Przewodnik Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin Praktyczny przewodnik Ubuntu-pomoc.org - Przewodnik po Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin Spis treści Spis treści............................................................................................................................................ 2 Wprowadzenie................................................................................................................................... 6 O przewodniku.............................................................................................................................. 6 Przypisy autora, czyli wskazówki dla Ciebie!...........................................................................6 Filozofia Ubuntu........................................................................................................................... 7 Dlaczego warto zmienić system na Ubuntu?...........................................................................7 Numery, nazwy kodowe oraz wersje LTS.................................................................................8 Rozpoczynamy przygodę z Ubuntu!...............................................................................................9 Skąd dostać płytę z Ubuntu?......................................................................................................9 Aktualizacja Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot do Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin........10 Wypróbuj Ubuntu....................................................................................................................... 11 Partycjonowanie dysku.............................................................................................................13 Instalacja Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin.......................................................................19 Minimalne wymagania..........................................................................................................19 Zalecane wymagania.............................................................................................................19 Najczęściej popełniane błędy podczas instalacji..............................................................19 Rozpoczęcie instalacji Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin............................................20 Wybór języka.......................................................................................................................... 21 Informacje wstępne..............................................................................................................21 Sieć bezprzewodowa............................................................................................................22 Rodzaj instalacji..................................................................................................................... 23 Wybór partycji........................................................................................................................ 24 Przygotowanie partycji /home.......................................................................................25 Przygotowanie partycji SWAP........................................................................................26 Rozpoczęcie instalacji...........................................................................................................27 Lokalizacja użytkownika.......................................................................................................27 Układ klawiatury.................................................................................................................... 27 Tożsamość użytkownika.......................................................................................................28 Ponowne uruchomienie komputera...................................................................................29 Instalacja Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin z poziomu systemu operacyjnego Windows – aplikacja Wubi.........................................................................................................30 Pobierz Wubi.......................................................................................................................... 30 Rozpoczęcie instalacji wewnątrz systemu Windows.......................................................30 Przykre niespodzianki, czyli co może zdarzyć się po instalacji systemu...........................33 Pierwsze uruchomienie Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin..................................................34 Logowanie do systemu............................................................................................................. 34 Pulpit Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin.............................................................................35 Panel główny............................................................................................................................... 37 Obszary robocze......................................................................................................................... 37 Połączenie z siecią przewodową..............................................................................................39 Połączenie z siecią bezprzewodową.......................................................................................39 Wyłączenie automatycznego łączenia z siecią bezprzewodową...................................40 Instalacja języka polskiego.......................................................................................................41 Instalacja dodatkowych sterowników....................................................................................42 Repozytoria................................................................................................................................. 44 2 Ubuntu-pomoc.org - Przewodnik po Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin Dodawanie aktualnych repozytoriów................................................................................45 Dodawanie repozytoriów za pomocą Centrum Oprogramowania Ubuntu................47 Instalacja dodatkowych kodeków...........................................................................................48 Wyłączenie/ponowne uruchomienie systemu......................................................................48 Praca z systemem Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin............................................................49 Struktura katalogów..................................................................................................................49 Twój katalog domowy oraz jego podkatalogi.......................................................................50 Prawa administratora systemu - roota...................................................................................51 Skróty klawiszowe...................................................................................................................... 52 Globalne menu........................................................................................................................... 54 HUD – Head Up Display, czyli menu przyszłości....................................................................55 Aktualizacja pakietów............................................................................................................... 55 Aktualizacja pakietów za pomocą Menedżera aktualizacji............................................56 Aktualizacja pakietów w terminalu....................................................................................57 Problemy pojawiające się podczas aktualizacji systemu................................................58 Brak klucza publicznego..................................................................................................58 E: Nie udało się uzyskać blokady /var/lib/dpkg/lock – open (11 Zasoby chwilowo niedostępne)..................................................................................................................... 58 Błąd: Nie udało się uzyskać blokady /var/lib/dpkg/lock.............................................59 E:Type X is not known on line Y in source list /etc/apt/sources.list.........................59 E: Encountered a section with no Package: header....................................................59 E:Nieprawidłowa linia w liście źródeł /etc/apt/sources.list.d/..................................59 E: Dynamic MMap ran out of room................................................................................60 E: Nie udało się pobrać niektórych plików indeksu, zostały one zignorowane lub została użyta ich starsza wersja.....................................................................................60 Powielona wartość pola „Package” E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)..................................................................................................................... 60 E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?.....61 Error: dpkg was interrupted...........................................................................................61 Instalacja aplikacji...................................................................................................................... 61 Domyślne aplikacje w Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin............................................62 Odpowiedniki aplikacji systemu Windows........................................................................66 Instalacja aplikacji poprzez Centrum Oprogramowania Ubuntu..................................69 Instalacja aplikacji w terminalu...........................................................................................71
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