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Norman Architecture COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 702831 Development of Western Architecture Norman architecture COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 Warning This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Melbourne pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. do not remove this notice the diffusion of the Romanesque travelling masons (First Romanesque characteristics in France and Spain) influence through political and cultural linkages (Lombardic characteristics in Germany) imposition by conquest (Norman architecture in Britain) imposition by institutional control (the monasteries) Europe in AD 1173 Colin McEvedy, The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History(Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1966 [1961]), p 61 FhNFrench Norman architecture Caen freestone detail at Stow Memorial Church, Flinders St, Adelaide Miles Lewis Cluny II Abbey Church, consecrated 981 Bernay Abbey Church, Normandy, 1017-c1040 Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 58 Stewart, Early Christian , Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture, p 21 Abbey Church of Nôtre Dame at Jumièges, 1037-66 west front Kubach, Romanesque Architecture, pl V Abbey Church of Nôtre Dame at Jumièges, 1037-66 nave looking west MUAS 15,474 Nôtre Dame, Jumièges: isometric of aisle & gallery Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899) II, p 192 Jumièges emerging Norman characteristics sturdiness and simppylicity thick walls and pillars simplified Corinthian capitals more general Romanesque characteristics the square pier with four half-round shafts on the faces painted pillars and wall surfaces the triforium (the middle level of the nave elevation) the tribune gallery over the aisles St-Georges, St.-Martin-de- Boscherville, 1063 NON-LOMBARDIC ARTICULATION half-shafts, not pilasters brackets under the eave, not corbel tables windows surrounded by concentric orders rather than layers of blind arcading K J Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture [Pelican History of Art] (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1959), pl 168 St-Étienne, Abbaye- aux-Hommes, Caen, 1067-81 & later west front Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 71 St-Étienne, Abbaye- aux-Hommes detail of nave elevation plan of wall passage at clerestory level Gantner, L'Art Monumental Roman, pl 151 Geoffrey Webb, Architecture in Britain in the Middle Ages (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1956), p 29 Abbey Church of Lessay, Normandy, c 1090-1136, restored view from the east Bruce Allsopp, The Study of Architectural History (London 1970), p 30 Ste-Trinité, Abbaye-aux- Dames, Caen, begun 1062 nave interior detail showing wall passage Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, pl 165 Gustav Künstler, Romanesque Art in Europe (London 1969) pl 70 Ste-Trinité, Abbaye-aux-Dames: plan Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture , p 215 arch&dhes & orders forminggg arches with full formwork or with a single centering truss R F Jordan, Western Architecture (London 1978), p 102 arch construction a Romanesque arch with two orders, a label mould, and rubble infill a Roman arch, made of solid voussoirs, with an archivolt on the face Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 153 St-Paul, Villiers [undated] entrance door in elevation with plan & section details Talbot Hamlin , Forms and Functions of Twentieth- Century Architecture, I, The Elements of Building (New York 1952), p 314 Saintes-Marie-des-Dames, Saintes (Charente-Maritime), portal, mid-C12th Souchal, Art of the Early Middle Ages, p 61. typical Romanesque arches English, with two orders and a label, and a half-round inner order (or roll mould) French with two orders and three-qqguarter round bowtell mouldings Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 161 Saxon architecture in Britain early Saxon had features common in the Dark Ages: porticus, triple-arched screens, triangular arches, monolithic arches,,pggp arches springing from impost mouldings later Saxon, especially after Danish hegemony in 1013, tends to fall more into the family of Carolingian and Romanesque styles, including Norman influence even prior to the Norman Conquest Earls Barton parish church,,, tower, c 950 (top and clock later) Lancashire Churches: http://www. lancashirechurches. co. uk/Earls%20Barton,%20Northants, %20All%20Saints%202%20big.jpg Earls Barton tower detail http://www. northamptonshire.co .uk/gu ides/earlsbarton/ St Mary the Virgin, Sompting, C11th view of tower http://www.somptingparish.org.uk /virtual.htm Sompting: arched doorway with roll moulding. MUAS S10,073 St Benet's, Cambridge: detail of tower, probably c 1020, with mid-wall shaft Miles Lewis St-Riqu ier, recons truc te d v iew, by Conan t Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, pl IIA Westminster Abbey, rebuilt 1055-65 as shown in the Bayeux Tapestry MUAS 19,227 English Norman Norman cathedral plans Can terbu ry ( La nfra nc), 1071-7 Exeter, 1117 Old Sarum, 1075-1092 Gloucester, 1089-1l28 St Alban's, 1077-8 Chichester 1079 CtbCanterbury (Cd'(Conrad's Choir), 1090-1110 MUAS 2,764 Canterbury Cathedral, 1071-7, 1090-1110, and later: contemporary view Woodman, Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury, crypt, c 1070-1110 Künstler, Romanesque Art in Europe, pl 203. Canterbury Cathedral; crypt block capital and cushion capital Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 68 Künstler, Romanesque Art in Europe, pl 204 capitals in the crypts of Winchester Cathedral: scalloped, late C11th; Gloucester Cathedral: ram’s horn, 1089-1128; Lastingham Priory, Yorkshire: ram's horn, 1088 Pevsner, European Architecture, p 64; Scala 8477, © 1972; Cook, English Abbeys and Priories, pl 3 Characteristic Norman mouldings Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 165 St Mary's Church, Iffley, Oxon, c 1170-80 detail of west doorway with beakhead and chevron mouldings. Miles Lewis Lincoln Cathedral, 1072 onwards C12th detail of carved colonettes, scalloped capita ls, bea khea d & chevron mouldings Geoffrey Grigson, English Cathedrals (London 1950), pl 134 Lincoln Cathedral detail of the beakheads http://www.sacred - destinations.com/england/lincoln -cathedral- pictures/IMG_9529.JPG Lincoln Cathedral: detail of the west portal http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/lincoln-cathedral-pictures/IMG_9533.JPG AlbanStSt s StAlban's Alban s abbeyabbeychurc abbey church St Alban's abbey church, 1077-88 the more easterlyyp part of the nave http://www.beenthere- donethat. org. uk/hertfo rdshire/stalbans31big. html St Alban's: the north side of the nave showing the frescoes on the piers Miles Lewis St Alban's: the north side of the nave showing the frescoes on the piers Speyer Cathedral: reconstruction of the original nave of c 1030-1061 Miles Lewis; Kubach, Romanesque Architecture, p 57 St Alban' s Abbey Church: original plan Webb, Architecture in Britain in the Middle Ages, p 28 SAlbSt Albans view north across the crossing arches in the east wall of the south transept Woodmansterne, Elfincolor 151A5 Miles Lewis St Alban's tower from the south-west Miles Lewis Winchester Cathedral, transepts and tower of 1079-95 half-section & view Webb, Architecture in Britain in the Middle Ages, pl 33. Walton, Winchester Cathedral no 1 Winc hes ter Ca the dra l north transept Miles Lewis MUAS 2,496 GlGlouces GlChi tter, t h Chi tch Chiester h t &&& the development of the clustered pier Gloucester Cathedral, 1089-1128: plan Webb, Architecture in Britain in the Middle Ages, p 30. Gloucester Cathedral: view of the nave Scala 8472, © 1972. Gloucester Cathedral detail of the nave wall Scala 8475, © 1972 Chichester Cathedral: nave looking east, 1114 & later MUAS 4,262 Durham Cathedral, 1093-1138 Scala 8424, © 1972 Durham Cathedral, looking south-east across the cloister Scala 8425, © 1972 Durham Cathedral: plan MUAS 9,731 Galilee PhPorch cloister Chapel of the Nine Altars Durham: plan later extensions and ancillary structures Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 231 DhDurham CthdlCathedral intersecting arcading of choir aisle, with restored paintwork Miles Lewis Durham Cathedral: nave view & detail Scala 8426, © 1972; MUAS 15,215 Durham abutting wall above the aisles Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 401 Durham Cathedral: the Galilee Porch, C12th Scala 8428, © 1972. hhihparish c ihhurches hh St Peter's, Tickencote, c 1160 Miles Lewis St Peter's, Tickencote: the east end Miles Lewis St Peter's, Tickencote: the chancel arch Miles Lewis Norman parish church plans MUAS 10,083 Sts Mary & David, Kilpeck, Hereford, C12th: interior looking east http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28180 Kilpeck, from the south http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28274 Kilpeck, the apse http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28235 Kilpeck, two corbels (nos 2 and 3 of the south chancel wall ) http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28222 Kilpeck: south door head http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28197 Kilpeck: capital from the south doorway http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/ed/he/kilpe/index.htm no 28184 Peterborou gh Woodmansterne, Elfincolor 29A7 (316) Peterborough Cathedral, 1118-1193, west front completed 1220 details of the westwork from south and north Miles Lewis PtPeter boroug hCthdlh Cathedral: sou thflkth flank Miles Lewis Peterborough Cathedral: south transept Miles Lewis completion to 1125 original OIR westwork apse HH completed 1220 TROC EE R PtPeter boroug hCthdlh Cathedral
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