West Midlands Regional Air Quality Review and Action Plan
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West Midlands Combined Authority Regional Air Quality Review and Action Plan West Midlands Combined Authority July 2019 West Midlands Combined Authority Low Emissions Strategy and Action PLan Quality information Prepared by Checked by Verified by Approved by Rachel Perryman Duncan Urquhart Tom Stenhouse Duncan Urquhart Principal Air Quality Associate Director Technical Director Associate Director Consultant Revision History Revision Revision date Details Authorized Name Position v1 29/04/19 Preliminary working draft Yes Duncan Urquhart Associate Director v2 17/05/19 Second working draft Yes Duncan Urquhart Associate Director v3 07/06/19 Third working draft Yes Duncan Urquhart Associate Director incorporating WMCA comments v4 04/07/19 Fourth working draft Yes Duncan Urquhart Associate Director v5 19/09/19 Final submission Yes Duncan Urquhart Associate Director Distribution List # Hard Copies PDF Required Association / Company Name No Yes Dr Simon Slater, West Midlands Combined Authority No Yes Emma Hall, West Midlands Combined Authority Prepared for: West Midlands Combined Authority AECOM West Midlands Combined Authority Low Emissions Strategy and Action PLan Prepared for: West Midlands Combined Authority Prepared by: Rachel Perryman Principal Air Quality Consultant AECOM Limited 5th Floor, 2 City Walk Leeds LS11 9AR United Kingdom T: +44 (0)113 391 6800 aecom.com © 2019 AECOM Limited. All Rights Reserved. This document has been prepared by AECOM Limited (“AECOM”) for sole use of our client (the “Client”) in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and the terms of reference agreed between AECOM and the Client. Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. No third party may rely upon this document without the prior and express written agreement of AECOM. Prepared for: West Midlands Combined Authority AECOM West Midlands Combined Authority Low Emissions Strategy and Action PLan Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 9 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Report Structure .................................................................................................................................... 10 2. Legislation, Policy and Planning............................................................ 11 European Air Quality Directives ............................................................................................................ 11 National Air Quality Legislation ............................................................................................................. 11 Air Quality Standards Regulations (2010) (as amended) ..................................................................... 11 Environment Act (1995) ......................................................................................................................... 11 UK Plan for Tackling Roadside Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations ........................................................ 12 2019 Clean Air Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 12 Other Relevant Policy ........................................................................................................................... 12 Brexit and Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 14 Local Air Quality Management .............................................................................................................. 14 Pollutants of Concern ............................................................................................................................ 14 Nitrogen Dioxide .................................................................................................................................... 14 Particulate Matter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................................................. 16 3. WMCA Regional Strategies ................................................................... 18 4. Local Plans and Action Plans ................................................................ 21 Local Plans ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Air Quality Action Planning .................................................................................................................... 24 Clean Air Zones ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Birmingham CAZ ................................................................................................................................... 29 Air Quality Local Plans .......................................................................................................................... 30 Targeted Feasibility Studies .................................................................................................................. 30 5. Baseline Air Quality ............................................................................... 31 Local Air Quality Management .............................................................................................................. 31 Monitoring.............................................................................................................................................. 31 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring .................................................................................................................. 31 Particulate Matter .................................................................................................................................. 35 Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................................................. 35 PCM Links ............................................................................................................................................. 35 Source Apportionment ........................................................................................................................... 37 Emission Sources ................................................................................................................................. 37 Transport Sources ................................................................................................................................. 38 Regional Emissions ............................................................................................................................... 39 Economic Damage Costs ...................................................................................................................... 39 Health Costs .......................................................................................................................................... 41 6. Identification of Key Priority Areas......................................................... 43 West Midlands Transport Model............................................................................................................ 43 Emission Factor Toolkit ......................................................................................................................... 43 Screening Tool....................................................................................................................................... 44 Health and Wellbeing ............................................................................................................................ 52 Ecosystems ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Key Priority Areas .................................................................................................................................. 59 7. Identifying Interventions ........................................................................ 61 Consultation Workshop ......................................................................................................................... 61 Prepared for: West Midlands Combined Authority AECOM West Midlands Combined Authority Low Emissions Strategy and Action PLan Appraisal Scoring .................................................................................................................................. 62 Responsibilities and Resources ............................................................................................................ 63 8. Interventions .......................................................................................... 64 9. Buses .................................................................................................... 65 Bus upgrades to Euro VI and ultra-low emission buses ......................................................................