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Steam Locomotive Firebox Explosion on the Gettysburg Railroad Near Gardners, Pennsylvania
Steam Locomotive Firebox Explosion on the Gettysburg Railroad near Gardners, Pennsylvania Leadership ViTS Meeting 6 September 2005 Bryan O’Connor, Chief Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Accident Timeline Place: Gettysburg Railroad near Gardners, PA Accident Date: June 16, 1995 Gettysburg 1278 @ Gettysburg Oct 1988 The Accident: • Steam locomotive 1278 with six passenger cars had completed two excursions and was preparing for a third and final excursion for the day. • During slow climb up moderate grade, the boiler exploded, seriously burning the engineer and two firemen. • . (2) Events Associated with Proximate Cause • Operators began climb with too little water in boiler • Water-level continued to drop and by the time the locomotive had crested the grade the crownsheet of boiler was not covered by water and failed due to thermal overstress. • Failure of crownsheet opened boiler to the firebox (atmosphere) and the water in boiler flashed into high pressure steam. • Steam exploded through firebox door into the locomotive cab, seriously burning the engineer (third degree burns over 65% of body) and two firemen. (3) Events Associated with Proximate Cause Approx. 175 psi This figure is exaggerated to show low water conditions, in locomotive 1278 the lowest gage cock was 3.25 inches above the highest point of the crownsheet and the water glass was 3.125 inches above the highest point of the crownsheet (4) Contributing Factors • Prior to operation the feed pump gauge had been removed. • Preparing to ascend grade first fireman shut off the feed pump to the boiler because a leaking check valve between the feed-pump and the boiler could potentially cause slippage on driving wheels. -
Module BESTT MS1
Module BESTT MS1 Marine Steam Boiler Types, Construction and Maintenance. Aim This unit introduces learners to the wide variety of fuels which may be encountered in steam launches and small steam ships operating on inland waterways or sheltered coastal waters. The range of types of boilers is explained. In each case, the benefits of each fuel type or boiler type are explored. The reasons for caution when conducting external work on old boilers are explained. INTRODUCTION Boiler types considered Horizontal Fire Tube boilers (including locomotive type) Vertical Fire Tube boilers Horizontal Drum Water Tube boilers Vertical Drum Water Tube boilers Single coil (or Flash) boilers Construction, design and general arrangements Heat transfer Cleaning Considerations for boiler choice and design Options for materials and insulations Boiler cladding materials The sheer variety of boiler types used in marine applications is wider than anything we will encounter for railway locomotives or in road steam applications. Although fire tube boilers from earliest days have been the norm for railway locomotives, water tube boilers could also very occasionally be found in locomotives. The well-known Sentinel shunters had water tube boilers a little bigger but otherwise similar to the company’s steam wagon boilers, and Sir Nigel Gresley on the LNER experimented with a ‘Yarrow’ type boiler but dropped the idea and fitted Britain’s only 4-6-4 express engine with a traditional loco boiler. For shipping, various forms of the classic marine multi-furnace fire tube ‘Scotch’ boiler was a norm to the last, and vertical fire tube types were a standard for small steam launches, but alongside these a huge range of highly efficient water tube types was under constant development resulting in many different configurations. -
Circulatic Steam Generator Installation Manual
STEAM GENERATORS CIRCULATIC® STEAM GENERATORS INSTALLATION MANUAL VAPOR POWER INTERNATIONAL 551 S. County Line Rd. Franklin Park, IL 60131 P: 630.694.5500 F: 630.694.2230 VaporPower.com Revised July 2005 Bulletin No. Printed in U.S.A. TWM5-AM-2 CIRCULATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. List of Figures ..................................................................................................................2 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................2 1.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................................3 2.0 Lifting and Handling .........................................................................................................4 3.0 Installation .......................................................................................................................8 4.0 Mounting .........................................................................................................................9 5.0 Clearances .................................................................................................................... 10 6.0 Combustion and Ventilation Air Requirements ............................................................... 12 7.0 Stack Installation ........................................................................................................... 13 8.0 Steam Output ............................................................................................................... -
88 Series 2 Boiler Manual
88 Water & steam boilers – Series 2 for use with Gas, Light Oil, & Gas/Light Oil – Fired Burners Boiler Manual • Installation • Maintenance • Startup • Parts For additional information, refer to . Burner specifi cation and data sheets for burners pre-tested with model 88 boilers This manual must only be used by a qualifi ed INSTALLER Consider piping and installation when determining heating installer/service technician. Read all boiler location. instructions before installing. Follow all in- Any claims for damage or shortage in shipment must be structions in proper order. Failure to comply fi led immediately against the transportation company could result in severe personal injury, death by the consignee. or substantial property damage. USER . This manual is for use only by your qualifi ed heating When calling or writing about the boiler— installer/service technician. Boiler and burner must be Please have the boiler model number from the installed by a qualifi ed service technician. We recom- boiler rating label and the CP number from mend regular service by a qualifi ed service technician, the boiler jacket. at least annually. Part No. 550-100-068/1018 Weil-McLain 88 Water and steam boilers — Series 2 — for Gas, Light Oil, & Gas/Light Oil-Fired Burners Read before proceeding Hazard Definitions The following defined terms are used throughout this manual to bring attention to the presence of hazards of various risk levels, or to important information concern- ing the life of the product. Indicates presence of hazards that will cause severe personal injury, death or substantial property damage if ignored. Indicates presence of hazards that can cause severe personal injury, death or substantial property damage if ignored. -
Steam Power Plant
www.getmyuni.com Steam Power Plant A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity, i.e., power with economy and requirements. The power plant itself must be useful economically and environmental friendly to the society. The present book is oriented to conventional as well as non-conventional energy generation. While the stress is on energy efficient system regards conventional power systems viz., to increase the system conversion efficiency the supreme goal is to develop, design, and manufacturer the non-conventional power generating systems in coming decades preferably after 2050 AD which are conducive to society as well as having feasible energy conversion efficiency and non-friendly to pollution, keeping in view the pollution act. The subject as a whole can be also stated as modern power plants for power viz electricity generation in 21st century. The word modern means pertaining to time. At present due to energy crisis the first goal is to conserve energy for future while the second step is todevelop alternative energy systems including direct energy conversion devices, with the devotion, dedication and determination remembering the phrase, “Delve and Delve Again till wade into”. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS Power Plant 1. Conventional - Steam Engines Power Plants - S team Turbine Power Plants - Diesel Power Plants - Gas Turbine Power Plants - Hydro-Electric Power Plants - Nuclear Power Plants Thermoelectric Generator 2. Non-conventional Thermoelectric generator Fuel-cells Power Plants Photovoltaic solar cells Power S ystem MHD Power Plants Fussion Reactor N PP Power S y stem Biogas, Biomass Energy Power sy stem Geothermal Energy Wind Energy Power System Ocean Thermal energy conversion (OTEC) Wave and Tidal Wave Energ y Plantation Scheme A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy. -
Steam Locomotive Firebox Explosion on the Gettysburg Railroad Near Gardners, Pennsylvania June 16, 1995
PB96-917008 NTSB/SIR-96/05 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, DC 20594 SPECIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT STEAM LOCOMOTIVE FIREBOX EXPLOSION ON THE GETTYSBURG RAILROAD NEAR GARDNERS, PENNSYLVANIA JUNE 16, 1995 . Illlr 6768 Abstract: On June 16, 1995, the firebox crownsheet of Gettysburg Passenger Services, Inc., steam locomotive 1278 failed while the locomotive was pulling a six-car excursion train about 15 mph near Gardners, Pennsylvania. The failure resulted in an instantaneous release (explosion) of steam through the firebox door and into the locomotive cab, seriously burning the engineer and the two firemen. This accident illustrates the hazards that are always present in the operation of steam locomotives. The Safety Board is concerned that these hazards may be becoming more significant because Federal regulatory controls are outdated and because expertise in operating and maintaining steam locomotives is diminishing steadily. As a result of its investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board issued safety recommendations to the Federal Railroad Administration, the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, and the Tourist Railway Association, Inc. The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent Federal agency dedicated to promoting aviation, railroad, highway, marine, pipeline, and hazardous materials safety. Established in 1967, the agency is mandated by Congress through the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974 to investigate transportation accidents, determine the probable causes of the accidents, issue safety recommendations, study transportation safety issues, and evaluate the safety effectiveness of government agencies involved in transportation. The Safety Board makes public its actions and decisions through accident reports, safety studies, special investigation reports, safety recommendations, and statistical reviews. -
Firebox Design and Its Relation to Boiler Performance
ry C5-4 / FIREBOX DESIGN AND ITS RELATION TO BOILER PERFORMANCE BY CHARLES M. CLARK AND JAMES HERRON WESTBAY THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN RAILWAY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1917 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 7 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY C HARLES M, . CLARK AND JAMES HERRON JffESTBAY . ENTITLED FIRgBOX DSSICT,,^ IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MSHELGR.^ ..SC^EEC^^ Instructor in Charge Approved : HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF RAILWAY ENGINEERING . 3 FIREBOX DESIGN AND ITS RELATION TO BOILER PERFORMANCE. Contents Page Introduction ------------------- 1 Purpose ------------------ 2 Part I. Theory of Combustion Definition -------------- - 2 The Combustion Process and Heat Distribution 2 Summary ------------------ 11 Part II. Heat Transmission in Locomotive Fireboxes Radiation ------------------ 1 Conduction ----------------- 14 Convection ----------------- 15 Graphical Representation of Heat Transfer - 19 Summary ------------------ 20 Part III. Heat Distribution and Firebox Efficiency Discussion of Articles by Mr. Anthony - - - - 21 Summary -------------------25 Part IV. Test Results and their Analysis The Brick Arch - Coatesville Tests ----- 27 The Brick Arch - P. R. R. Tests -------29 Grate Area - P. R. R. Tests -------- 34 Combustion Chamber - P. R. R. Tests ----- 36 Summary ------------------- Part V. General Conclusion - -- -- - -- -- -- 41 Acknowledgements -------------- 43 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/fireboxdesignitsOOclar . FIREBOX DESIGN AND ITS RELATION TO BOILER PERFORMANCE Introduction . The performance of a locomotive boiler is dependent to a very large extent upon the design of its firebox. A great deal of experimental work has been done in an effort to determine what steps should be taken to improve boiler performance and to increase boiler efficiency. -
Conventional Steam
DECEMBER 2019 Application Solutions Guide CONVENTIONAL STEAM Experience In Motion 1 Application Solutions Guide — The Global Combined Cycle Landscape TABLE OF CONTENTS THE GLOBAL CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER FLOWSERVE PRODUCTS IN CONVENTIONAL PLANT LANDSCAPE . 3 STEAM POWER . 16 A Closer Look at Conventional Steam Conventional Steam Applications Power Technology . 5 Overview . 16 Basics . 5 Pumps for Conventional Steam Plants . 18 Plant Configurations and Sizes . 7 Valves for Conventional Steam Plants . 24 Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) . 8 Actuators for Conventional Steam Plants . 30 Conventional Steam Project Models . 11 Seals for Conventional Power Plants . 31 Seals for Wet Limestone Flue Gas THE CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER- Desulfurization . 33 FLOWSERVE INTERFACE . 13 Business Impact and Focus Areas . 13 COMMUNICATING OUR VALUE . 34 The Big Picture . 13 Innovative Ways Flowserve Addresses The Flowserve Fit in Conventional Customer Challenges . 34 Steam Power . 13 APPENDIX . 35 PRODUCTS FOR STEAM POWER — Flowserve Value Proposition in Conventional Steam . 35 AT A GLANCE . 14 Sub-critical Versus Supercritical Pumps . 14 Power Plant . 36 Valves . 14 Reheat . 37 Seals . 14 Terminology . 38 Estimated Values by Plant Size . 15 Acronyms . 39 2 Application Solutions Guide — Conventional Steam THE GLOBAL CONVENTIONAL STEAM POWER PLANT LANDSCAPE Thermal power generation involves the conversion Combined cycle plants have become the preferred of heat energy into electric power. Fossil fuel power technology for gas-fired power generation for several plants as well as nuclear, biomass, geothermal reasons. The USC plant takes 40 to 50 months to and concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are all build; a combined cycle plant can be built in 20 to examples of thermal power generation. -
API Recommended Practice 538 Industrial Fired Boilers for General Refinery and Petrochemical Service
API Recommended Practice 538 Industrial Fired Boilers for General Refinery and Petrochemical Service FIRST EDITION | OCTOBER 2015 | 348 PAGES | $305.00 | PRODUCT NO. C53801 This recommended practice (RP) specifies requirements For ordering information: and gives recommendations for design, operation, Online: www.api.org/pubs maintenance, and troubleshooting considerations for industrial fired boilers used in refineries and chemical Phone: 1-800-854-7179 plants. It covers waterside control, combustion control, (Toll-free in the U.S. and Canada) burner management systems (BMSs), feedwater preparation, steam purity, emissions, etc. (+1) 303-397-7056 This RP does not apply to fire tube boilers, gas turbine (Local and International) exhaust boilers, or fluidized bed boilers. Fax: (+1) 303-397-2740 This RP does not cover boiler mechanical construction. Purchaser or owner shall specify codes such as ASME, ISO, etc. API members receive a 30% discount where applicable. This RP does not cover forced circulation boilers. www.api.org Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative References . 1 3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations . 3 3.1 Terms and Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 18 4 Boilers—Equipment Overview. 20 4.1 General Considerations . 20 4.2 Operations . 23 4.3 Boiler Configurations . 29 4.4 Fuels Fired in Industrial Steam Boilers. 41 4.5 Igniter Management System . 41 4.6 Burner Management Systems . 43 4.7 Boiler Feedwater Preparation . 45 4.8 Boiler Water Quality and Internal Chemical Treatment. 45 4.9 Steam Purity. 45 4.10 Boiler Performance . 46 5 Water Tube Boiler Components. 49 5.1 Pressure Parts—Superheaters/Attemperators . -
Generation Unit Basics Power System Elements
Power System Elements Generation Unit Basics PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM©2018 10/2/2018 Objectives • Provide an overview of: ‒ Major components of a Generator ‒ Excitation ‒ Governor Control ‒ Rotational Speed ‒ Generator limitations ‒ VAR/voltage relationship ‒ MW’s and Power Angle PJM©2018 2 10/2/2018 Basic Operating Principles • Electromagnetic induction is the principle used for a generator to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy • D.C. excitation is applied to the rotor field winding producing a magnetic field ‒ Output voltage and VAR flow are controlled by changing the strength of the magnetic field • The field winding (rotor) spins, at synchronous speed, within the armature windings (stator) providing relative motion between the magnetic field and the stationary conductor windings (stator) ‒ A.C. output voltage is induced in the stator armature windings • The changing polarity of the rotor produces the alternating characteristics of the current PJM©2018 3 10/2/2018 PJM©2018 4 10/2/2018 A.C. Generator Components • Rotating Magnetic Field (Rotor) • Series of Stationary Conductors (Stator) • Source of D.C. Voltage (Exciter) PJM©2018 5 10/2/2018 Rotor • The generated voltage is proportional to the: ‒ Strength of the magnetic field ‒ Number of coils and number of windings on each coil ‒ Speed at which the rotor turns • Rotor winding is a multi-coil, single circuit, energized with DC power fed through the shaft from the collector rings ‒ The rotor is a low voltage, low power circuit; a major factor in building a generator -
LOCOMOTIVE NO. 40 Built by the AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY at Their Dunkirk (N.Y.) Works in August 1920, No. 40 Has Had a Long A
The Valley Railroad Company 1 Railroad Avenue, PO Box 452, Essex, CT 06426 Phone: 860-767-0103 fax: 860-767-0104 LOCOMOTIVE NO. 40 Built by the AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY at their Dunkirk (N.Y.) works in August 1920, No. 40 has had a long and interesting career. It was one of an order for three identical units constructed for The Portland, Astoria & Pacific Railroad to haul train loads of logs and lumber. Unfortunately, the PA&P was never completed so the locomotives sat idle until they were sold to other railroads. No. 101 (our locomotive) was sold to the Minarets & Western Railway for similar service. When that railroad could not pay it’s debts, the locomotive was given to the Southern Pacific Railroad, which sold it to a used locomotive dealer which in turn sold it to The Aberdeen & Rockfish Railroad in North Carolina as their N0.40. On the A&R it pulled freight and passenger trains until about 1950 when it was retired and stored in their engine house. Here it remained until it was discovered by an employee of the Valley Railroad. It was purchased in 1977 and loaded onto flat cars for it’s trip to Essex and a new career pulling trainloads of tourists for the Essex Steam Train & Riverboat. No.40 is one of less than 200 steam locomotives in the United States which remain in operable condition. It burns about 2 tons of low sulfur coal for fuel each day and evaporates about 6000 gallons of water pulling a 400 ton train a total of 50 miles. -
Ships Heat Generation Plant Heat Generation Plant Heat
SHIPS HEAT GENERATION PLANT Boilers Water Treatment 2014.07.14 Pag |1 - 94 REPORT: ALVARO SARDINHA BOILERS WATER TREATMENT MARINE ENGINEER DATE: 2014.07.14 [email protected] INDEX 1. Introduction 2. BoilerBoilerssss water treatment ––– three factors 3. Boilers water fundamental knowledge 444.4. Ships heat generation plant 555.5. BoilerBoilerss water treatment 666.6. Main problems in boilers caused by water 777.7. Unex boilerboilerssss water recommendations 888.8. Lessons learned 999.9. Water chemistry terms Pag |2 - 94 REPORT: ALVARO SARDINHA BOILERS WATER TREATMENT MARINE ENGINEER DATE: 2014.07.14 [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION If boilers water doesn’t receive proper treatment, the boiler will suffer from carryover, sludging, scale and corrosion, leading to weak and dangerous machinery. Long before the boiler fails, water-related problems will cause: ● Growing safety hazard ● Increased maintenance cost ● Additional fuel required - higher energy costs ● Lower boiler efficiency Correct boiler water treatment and follow-up of the water and steam condition, are of utmost importance for keeping the heat generation systems in good condition. By implementing a rigorous program of boiler water treatment, a vessel can greatly extend equipment life, reduce maintenance and enable thermal efficiency to be maintained at the designed level. The present report characterizes a ship heat generation system, its water treatment procedures and maintenance required. The main objective is to document the system and to establish optimal and standard operation processes. It is also an important piece of digital information, part of the ship information system, shareable and available for present and future crews, and a helpful tool to support company management.