Hydroformylation Hydrogenation PDO Ethylene Acetoxylation VAM CO 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde O2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hydroformylation Hydrogenation PDO Ethylene Acetoxylation VAM CO 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde O2 H2 H2 Acetic Acid EO Hydroformylation Hydrogenation PDO Ethylene Acetoxylation VAM CO 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde O2 VAM Alcohol Ethoxylation Glycol Ethers Homopolymerization PVA Maleic/Phthalic PVA Acid Polycondensation UPR Transesterification Polyvinyl Alcohols Ethanol MEG NH4OH CO O2 Condensation Succinimide Hydroformylation Oxidation Propanoic Acid H2 CO H2 Carbonylation Succinic Acid Hydrogenation Propanol EO Propionaldehyde Methanol H2O Air Hydrolysis MEG Condensation Oxidation Esterification MMA Formaldehyde Methacrolein MAA Ethylene Terephthalate Ethylene Treatment Dimethyl Transesterification Esterification Polymerization PET Polymerization PMMA PTA Terephthalate H2 CO2 H2 Aldehydes Coal Liquefaction Liquid Fuels Carboxylation Ethylene Carbonate Oligomerization LAOs Hydroformylation Hydrogenation Linear Alcohols Heavy Oil CO H2 Acetone H2 Ethynilation Partial Hydrogenation Methylbutenol Dehydration Isoprene Transesterification DMC Separation Amination Specialty Amines Coal Methyl- Methanol NH3 butynol H2O C4-C8 Acetylene H2 O2 PAOs Selective C10-C14 Hydrogenation Ethylene Oxidation EO Oligomerization Hydrogenation Hydrogenated PAOs H2 CO EO H2 Tetrahydrofurfuryl H2O H2O Benzene Hydrogenation Carbidization Hydrolysis Hydration Acetaldehyde Amination Ethanolamines Alkylation LABs Alcohol Calcium Lime Carbide Ethylene NH3 Ca(OH)2 H2O H2 Furfuryl Hydrogenation Acetylene Hydration Ethanol C16-C18 Hydroisomerization Linear Internal Olefins Lubricants Alcohol Syngas Ethanol O2 Autothermal Ethanol CO Oxidation Fumaric Acid Natural Gas Extraction Hydrochlorination VCM Oxidation Esterification Ethyl Acetate Polymerization Polyketones Cracking HCl O2 Propylene CO (Diene) Decarbonylation Furan Polymerization PAA Oxidation Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde Polymerization EPDM O2 Propylene Furfural Acetic Acid H2 H2O 2-Butene Hydrogenation 2-Methylfuran Hydrocarboxylation Acrylic Acid Oxidation Acetic Acid Methathesis Propylene CO O2 H2O H2O Cl2 HF Fluorination & HFCs CO Propionic Xylose Dehydration Furfural Polymerization Polyacetylene Chlorination EDC Hydrogenation Hydrocarboxylation Chlorinated Defluorination & HFOs Acid H2O Acetylene Ethenes H2 Butynediol Sugars O2 O2 High Pressure Hydrogenation Sorbitol Ethynilation Hydrogenation BDO Oxychlorination EDC LDPE Polymerization H2 Formaldehyde H2 HCl H2O H2O H2O H2O Co-monomer Low Pressure Fermentation Distillation Adsorption Ethanol Dehydration THF EDC Thermal Cracking VCM HDPE Yeast Polymerization H2 VCM Ethylene Co-monomer Low Pressure Dehydrogenation Ethyl Acetate Polymerization PTMEG Treatment HCl Polymerization PVC LLDPE Polymerization H2 NH3 H2 Amination Ethylamine Dehydrocyclization Oxidation GBL Dimerization 2MP1 Isomerization 2MP2 Pyrolysis Isoprene Hydrogenation IPA O2 CH4 Propylene Methanol O2 Alcohol HCN Methanol Methanol Dehydration Ethylene Treatment LPG Oxidation Succinic Acid Oxidation Esterification Acrylate Addition Methanolysis MMA Polymerization PMMA Recovery O2 Acrylic Acid ACH H2O H2 Acetone H2 H2 H2 Fixed Bed Fatty Aldol Condensation / Purification Biodiesel Dehydrogenation Purification Propylene Hydrogenation NMP Polymerization Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogenation MIBK Methyl Hydrogenation Alcohols Methylamine Dehydration Mesityl Oxide Esters H2O Methanol LPG O2 Epichlorhydrin Bisphenol Transesterification Organic Phase Methyl Esters Propane Esterification PBT Oxidation Acetone Condensation Polymerization PTA Phenol Bisphenol A Epoxyresin Acetylene Acetone Sugars C1-C4 Propane IPA Alkyl Dimethyl Direct Amidation i-Butane Acetic Acid Addition VAM Distillation IPA Polymerization Polycarbonate Plastic Amide Hydration Dimethyl Amine H2O Phosgene IPA H2O H2 Alkyl Diethanol Amidation Splitting n-Butane Hydrogenation Amination Isopropylamine Acetone Diethanol Amine Amide AMS Natural Gas NH3 LPG Cumene H2S Tertiary Fatty Amines Naphtha Alkylation Cumene Oxidation Hydroperoxide Hydrolysis Distillation Phenol Benzene H2O LPG Coal Potasium Naphtha (Air) Steam Hydroxide Dehydrative Guerbet Light Sulfur (Autothermal) HT or LT Selective Methanation/ H2O2 Hydrotreating Pretreatment Isomerization Isomerate Hydrogen Dimerization 4MP1 Polymerization PMP Hydroxylation Hydroquinone Alkylation Alcohols Removal Steam Reforming Shift Reaction Oxidation H2 Naphtha H2 Steam Phenol H2O CO2 Catechol Diesel H2 Cl2 Tail Tail Gas Phenolic Dehydration -Olefins H2 Purification Hydrogen Fuel Cell Chlorination Allyl Chloride Condensation Į Gas Oxidation Formaldehyde Resins Light Reformate Gasoline HCl Hydroxylamine Cyclohexanone H2 Oxime Partial Fatty Benzene Low Benzene Acetic Acid H2O Cl2 H2 Partial Beckmann Capro- Caprolactam Ring Opening Separation Acetoxylation Hydrolysis Allyl Chloro-hydroxylation Epichlorohydrin Condensation Nylon 6 Oxidation Aldehydes Removal Reformate Allyl Hydrogenation Rearrangement lactam Polishing Polymerization Medium Reformate O2 Chloride H2O KA Oil N2 Reformate Acetate Fatty LPG Alcohols Heavy Reformate Hexamethylene- H2 H2 H2O Fixed Bed Saturated Heavy Catalytic Gasoline diamine Pretreatment Reformate DeNOx Off-gas Propylene Treatment Hydrogenation Hydrolysis Allyl Alcohol N2O Abatement Off-gas Polycondensation Nylon 6-6 Hydrogenation Fatty Alcohols Naphtha Reforming Blending Phenol Allyl Alcohol H2 H2 HNO3 Adipic Acid H2 Olefins Selective Aromatics Acrolein H2 Full Esterification Wax Esters BTX CO/H2 Pretreatment Methanation Methane Hydroformylation Hydrogenation BDO Oxidation Esterification Hydrogenation HDO Removal Hydrogenation Extraction Hydrogenation Cyclo- Triglycerides H2 CO Methanol Dimethyl Hydroxy- hexanol Adipate H2 Fatty Alcohols butyraldehyde H2 H2O Unsaturated Acetylene Selective H2 Partial Kerosene Sweetening Pretreatment Dearomatization Kerosene C2 Pretreatment Distillation Ethylene Hydrolysis Hydrogenation PDO Cyclohexanone Fatty Acids Hydrogenation 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde Dehydrogenation H2O Phthalic Dehydrative Unsaturated Low Aromatics Hydrotreating Pretreatment Dearomatization Ethane Oxidation Acrolein Anhydride Esterification DOP Cyanation Fatty Nitrile Diesel / Solvents NH3 H2 O2 Natural Gas H2 Saturated Optional MAPD Selective NH3 Aldol H2 H2 Hydrogenation Diesel C3 Distillation Propylene Amination Specialty Amines Hydrogenation 2-Ethylhexanol Primary Amine Crude Pretreatment Hydrogenation H2S Diesel Condensation Aldehyde Distillation Blending Unit Glycerol Saturated Mono alkyl H2 H2 Amino Hydrocracked H2 CO H2 Phase Dimethyl Hydrocracking LPG Propane Oligomerization Hydroformylation Hydrogenation Alcohols Propylene Hydroformylation Hydrogenation n/i-Butanol Alkylation Middle Gasoline Long Chain Fatty Formaldehyde Tertiaryamine CO H2 Butyraldehyde Distillate Aldehydes Fatty Acids Nitriles Propylene Monoalkyl Tri-methyl Steam Optional H2 Alcohol Isocyanates Quaternization Crude Oil Kerosene Naphtha C4 Full Hydrogenation Butane Polymerization PP Propoxylation Polymerization Polyurethanes BASF - The Global Leader in Methyl Chloride Ammonium Chloride Cracker Pretreatment Polyether Polyols H2O NH3 Dehydrative Saturated O2 H2O Diesel Ethane Butadiene Ammoxidation Acrylonitrile Hydrolysis PPG Cyanation Fatty Nitrile Ammonia PO Methanol/ Chemical Process Catalysis Ethanol H2O H2 H2 Acyclic Dimer Vinylacetylene Butadiene Butadiene Selective 1-/2-Butene H2O2 Air Dimerization Purification Ethylene Selective Etherification Oxidation Co-Oxidation TBA Rearrangement Allyl Alcohol Fatty Acid Unit Rafnate Raffinate Hydrogenation i-Butane Hydrogenation Isobutane 1 2 Fuel Oil PO Blending Cl2 Monocyclic Dimer H2 Selective Butadiene Selective Catalytic NaOH Purification Propylene MTBE Isobutene Chlorohydrination Epoxidation PO Fatty Acid Hydrogenation Hydrogenation Cracking Chloropropanols H2 H2O Triglycerides HGO HCl Bicyclic Dimer H2 H2 Biomass Selective Alkylation Purification Alkylate MTBE/ETBE Hydrogenation Butanes Fatty Acid Hydrogenation Ethanol Dehydrogenation Ethyl Acetate H2S Off-gas Ethylene-Bis Alkyl C3 C4 Amidation Pretreatment Etherification Purification MTBE Extraction Isoprene Polymerization Polybutene Ethylene Diamine Amide H2O Methanol HCl Cracked Raffinate Adsorbents H2 H2 Cl2 NaOH Ⅲ Alkyl Diethanol Full Dehydration Hydrotreating FCC Naphtha Hydrotreating FCC Gasoline Pentane Hydrogenation n-Butene Chloro-hydrination Epoxidation Butylene Oxide Amide C5+ Hydrogenation Butylene Chlorohydrin Diethanol Amine H2 H2O H2 LCO Glyceryl SO2 H2 NH3 Esterification Hydrotreating FCC Diesel C5 Pygas Addition Hydrogenation Sulfolane Amination Specialty Amines Į-Mono stearate H2 Sulfolene Ⅲ Fine Chemical Catalysts Saturated C6-C8 Pygas Pygas Aromatics H2 Methathesis CO H2 Hydrogenation HCO Fuel Oil Separation BTX Cyclodimerization Partial Hydrogenation Cyclooctene Polyoctenamers Butenes Aldol Condensation Hydroformylation Hydrogenation C10 Alcohols Fatty Acids First Stage Second Stage Plant Polymerization C10 H2 LVGO H2 H2 Cyclooctadiene H2 AR Aldehydes H2 Glycerine H2 C5 Cl2 H2 Vinylacetylene Short Chain C9 H2 Hydrogenated Splitting Fractionation Hydrofinishing Purification Lube Base Oil Polymerization Hydrogenation Chlorination Dichlorobutenes Dehydrochlorination Chloroprene Dehydrogenation Selective Butadiene Fatty Acids LVGO Resin Hydrogenation HCl H2 Solvent Lube Technical Grade White Butadiene H2O Environmental Catalysts Glicerine Recovery Glycerine MVGO Hydrorefining Hydrotreating Purification COKE COLO Aromatics BTX Polymerization NBR Hydroisomerization Hydration 2-Butanol Dehydrogenation MEK Ⅲ Vacuum Dewaxing Oil Oven Hydrotreatment Plant H2 Acrylonitrile H2 2-Butene Agricultural Distillation Residues Crude Oil CO H2 Glycerine Solvent Medical Grade
Recommended publications
  • Petroleum Refinery Process Stream Additions
    American Petroleum Institute Petroleum Refinery Process Stream Additions CasNo Substance Definition Caveat 129813-66-7 Alkanes, C10-13 68551-17-7 Alkanes, C10-13-iso- 93924-07-3 Alkanes, C10-14 68551-18-8 Alkanes, C10-14-iso- 329909-27-5 Alkanes, C10-15-iso-, cyclic and linear 73138-29-1 Alkanes, C10-18 289711-49-5 Alkanes, C10-24 289711-48-4 Alkanes, C10-24-branched 129813-67-8 Alkanes, C12-14 68551-19-9 Alkanes, C12-14-iso- 68551-20-2 Alkanes, C13-16-iso- 90622-46-1 Alkanes, C14-16 74664-93-0 Alkanes, C14-30 70024-92-9 Alkanes, C7-8-iso- 68551-15-5 Alkanes, C8-10-iso- 68551-16-6 Alkanes, C9-11-iso- 68990-23-8 Alkenes, C12-26 .alpha.-, sulfated 93762-80-2 Alkenes, C15-18 68603-35-0 Alkenes, C18-24 .alpha.-, bisulfited 72162-34-6 Alkenes, C18-24 .alpha.-, sulfurized 93924-10-8 Alkenes, C20-24 .alpha.- 93924-11-9 Alkenes, C24-28 .alpha.- 131459-42-2 Alkenes, C24-54-branched and linear .alpha.- 68409-73-4 Aromatic hydrocarbons, biphenyl-rich A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the Substance found at hydrodealkylation and distillation of toluene. It consists refineries, but also may be predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having a carbon number produced in separate C6 or greater, primarily biphenyl, and boiling in the range of petrochemical approximately 79.degree.C to 398.degree.C (175.degree.F to manufacturing facilities. 750.degree.F). 68989-41-3 Aromatic hydrocarbons, biphenyl-rich, The complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from a Substance found at thermal hydrodealkylation residues thermal hydrodealkylation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory Size (Ml Or G) 103220 Dimethyl Sulfate 77-78-1 500 Ml
    Inventory Bottle Size Number Name CAS# (mL or g) Room # Location 103220 Dimethyl sulfate 77-78-1 500 ml 3222 A-1 Benzonitrile 100-47-0 100ml 3222 A-1 Tin(IV)chloride 1.0 M in DCM 7676-78-8 100ml 3222 A-1 103713 Acetic Anhydride 108-24-7 500ml 3222 A2 103714 Sulfuric acid, fuming 9014-95-7 500g 3222 A2 103723 Phosphorus tribromide 7789-60-8 100g 3222 A2 103724 Trifluoroacetic acid 76-05-1 100g 3222 A2 101342 Succinyl chloride 543-20-4 3222 A2 100069 Chloroacetyl chloride 79-04-9 100ml 3222 A2 10002 Chloroacetyl chloride 79-04-9 100ml 3222 A2 101134 Acetyl chloride 75-36-5 500g 3222 A2 103721 Ethyl chlorooxoacetate 4755-77-5 100g 3222 A2 100423 Titanium(IV) chloride solution 7550-45-0 100ml 3222 A2 103877 Acetic Anhydride 108-24-7 1L 3222 A3 103874 Polyphosphoric acid 8017-16-1 1kg 3222 A3 103695 Chlorosulfonic acid 7790-94-5 100g 3222 A3 103694 Chlorosulfonic acid 7790-94-5 100g 3222 A3 103880 Methanesulfonic acid 75-75-2 500ml 3222 A3 103883 Oxalyl chloride 79-37-8 100ml 3222 A3 103889 Thiodiglycolic acid 123-93-3 500g 3222 A3 103888 Tetrafluoroboric acid 50% 16872-11-0 1L 3222 A3 103886 Tetrafluoroboric acid 50% 16872-11-0 1L 3222 A3 102969 sulfuric acid 7664-93-9 500 mL 2428 A7 102970 hydrochloric acid (37%) 7647-01-0 500 mL 2428 A7 102971 hydrochloric acid (37%) 7647-01-0 500 mL 2428 A7 102973 formic acid (88%) 64-18-6 500 mL 2428 A7 102974 hydrofloric acid (49%) 7664-39-3 500 mL 2428 A7 103320 Ammonium Hydroxide conc.
    [Show full text]
  • New Synthesis Routes for Production of Ε-Caprolactam by Beckmann
    New synthesis routes for production of ε-caprolactam by Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime and ammoximation of cyclohexanone over different metal incorporated molecular sieves and oxide catalysts Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der RWTH Aachen University zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Anilkumar Mettu aus Guntur/Indien Berichter: Universitätprofessor Dr. Wolfgang F. Hölderich Universitätprofessor Dr. Carsten Bolm Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.01.2009 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar. Dedicated to my Parents This work reported here has been carried out at the Institute for Chemical Technolgy and Heterogeneous Catalysis der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften in the University of Technology, RWTH Aachen under supervision of Prof. Dr. Wolfgang F. Hölderich between June 2005 and August 2008. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest sence of gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. rer. nat. W. F. Hölderich for giving me the opportunity to do my doctoral study in his group. His guidance and teaching classes have allowed me to grow and learn my subject during my Ph.d. He has provided many opportunities for me to increase my abilities as a researcher and responsibilities as a team member. I am grateful for the financial support of this work from Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd, Niihama, Japan (Part One) and Uhde Inventa-Fischer GmBH, Berlin (Part Two). Our collaborators at Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd (Dr. C. Stoecker) and Uhde Inventa- Fischer GmBH (Dr. R. Schaller and Dr. A. Pawelski) provided thoughtful guidance and suggestions for each project.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Functionalized Polyamide 6 by Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization Deniz Tunc
    Synthesis of functionalized polyamide 6 by anionic ring-opening polymerization Deniz Tunc To cite this version: Deniz Tunc. Synthesis of functionalized polyamide 6 by anionic ring-opening polymerization. Poly- mers. Université de Bordeaux; Université de Liège, 2014. English. NNT : 2014BORD0178. tel- 01281327 HAL Id: tel-01281327 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01281327 Submitted on 2 Mar 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Logo Université de cotutelle THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ET DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE LIEGE ÉCOLE DOCTORALEDE SCIENCES CHIMIQUES (Université de Bordeaux) ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DE CHIMIE (Université de Liège) SPÉCIALITÉ POLYMERES Par Deniz TUNC Synthesis of functionalized polyamide 6 by anionic ring-opening polymerization Sous la direction de Stéphane CARLOTTI et Philippe LECOMTE Soutenue le 30 octobre 2014 Membres du jury: M. PERUCH, Frédéric Directeur de recherche, Université de Bordeaux Président M. HOOGENBOOM, Richard Professeur, Ghent University Rapporteur M. MONTEIL, Vincent Chargé de recherche, Université Claude Bernard Rapporteur M. YAGCI, Yusuf Professeur, Istanbul Technical University Examinateur M. AMEDURI, Bruno Directeur de recherche, Institut Charles Gerhardt Examinateur M. SERVANT, Laurent Professeur, Université de Bordeaux Invité Preamble This PhD had been performed within the framework of the IDS FunMat joint doctoral programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Disproportionation and Transalkylation of Alkylbenzenes Over Zeolite Catalysts
    Applied Catalysis A: General 181 (1999) 355±398 Disproportionation and transalkylation of alkylbenzenes over zeolite catalysts Tseng-Chang Tsaia, Shang-Bin Liub, Ikai Wangc,* aRe®ning and Manufacturing Research Center, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Chiayi 600, Taiwan bInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei 106, Taiwan cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Received 13 June 1998; received in revised form 3 October 1998; accepted 5 November 1998 Abstract Disproportionation and transalkylation are important processes for the interconversion of mono-, di-, and tri-alkylbenzenes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in process technology with special focus on improvements of para-isomer selectivity and catalyst stability. Extensive patent search and discussion on technology development are presented. The key criteria for process development are identi®ed. The working principles of para-isomer selectivity improvements involve the reduction of diffusivity and the inactivation of external surface. In conjunction with the fundamental research, various practical modi®cation aspects particularly the pre-coking and the silica deposition techniques, are extensively reviewed. The impact of para-isomer selective technology on process economics and product recovery strategy is discussed. Furthermore, perspective trends in related research and development are provided. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Disproportionation; Transalkylation;
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylene Glycol
    Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic Ethylene glycol compound with the formula (CH2OH)2. It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid. Contents Production Industrial routes Biological routes Historical routes Uses Coolant and heat-transfer agent Antifreeze Precursor to polymers Other uses Dehydrating agent Hydrate inhibition Applications Chemical reactions Toxicity Environmental effects Names Notes Preferred IUPAC name References Ethane-1,2-diol External links Other names Ethylene glycol 1,2-Ethanediol Production Ethylene alcohol Hypodicarbonous acid Monoethylene glycol Industrial routes 1,2-Dihydroxyethane Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the Identifiers intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to CAS Number 107-21-1 (http produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation: s://commonche mistry.cas.org/d C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH etail?cas_rn=10 7-21-1) 3D model (JSmol) Interactive This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur image (https://ch at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of emapps.stolaf.e ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of du/jmol/jmol.ph water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be p?model=OCC achieved. The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, O) triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive. About 6.7 million tonnes 3DMet B00278 (http://w are produced annually.[4] ww.3dmet.dna.af frc.go.jp/cgi/sho A higher selectivity is achieved by use of Shell's OMEGA process.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Ε-Caprolactam on Growth and Physiology of Environmental Bacteria
    Ann Microbiol (2013) 63:1471–1476 DOI 10.1007/s13213-013-0610-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Influence of ε-caprolactam on growth and physiology of environmental bacteria Nandita N. Baxi Received: 14 July 2012 /Accepted: 22 January 2013 /Published online: 24 February 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2013 Abstract ε-Caprolactam was found to have an effect on Introduction ecologically important soil bacteria. It inhibited the growth of several Bacillus sp. and Rhizobium sp. but cells of Microbial activity in soil has numerous functions contribut- Arthrobacter sp. were able to grow in the presence of capro- ing to soil fertility. It is involved in organic nutrient cycles, lactam. Sphingomonas sp. lost its inherent capacity to produce the release of minerals and fixation of nutrients from the air, extracellular polymer (EPS) if grown in medium containing rendering nutrients more accessible and easily transportable caprolactam. In the case of raw domestic sewage, the diversity to plant roots, prevention of aggressive plant pathogens of native bacteria was diminished in presence of caprolactam. taking hold, improving the ability of plants to withstand Polluted sea water yielded predominantly one type of disease effects, the decrease of inorganic fertilizer loss caprolactam-degrading bacteria of the genus Achromobacter. through erosion and leaching, short-term immobilization, These cells efficiently utilized up to 10 g caprolactam/L as the and decrease of persistence of pesticides in soils. However, sole source of carbon and nitrogen in synthetic medium even the soil biological ecosystem (manifested both by microbial in the presence of 20 g NaCl/L. Compared to cells of and enzymatic activities) can be significantly impaired by Arthrobacter sp., cells of Achromobacter sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Chemistry Accepted Manuscript
    Green Chemistry Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/greenchem Page 1 of 21 Green Chemistry Green Chemistry RSCPublishing CRITICAL REVIEW Catalytic Routes towards Acrylic Acid, Adipic Acid and ε-Caprolactam starting from Biorenewables Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Rolf Beerthuis, Gadi Rothenberg and N. Raveendran Shiju* Received 00th January 2012, The majority of bulk chemicals are derived from crude oil, but the move to biorenewable resources is Accepted 00th January 2012 gaining both societal and commercial interest. Reviewing this transition, we first summarise the types of today’s biomass sources and their economical relevance. Then, we assess the biobased productions DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x of three important bulk chemicals: acrylic acid, adipic acid and ε-caprolactam.
    [Show full text]
  • BENZENE Disclaimer
    United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-98-011 Environmental Protection Planning And Standards June 1998 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 AIR EPA LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF BENZENE Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. EPA-454/R-98-011 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page LIST OF TABLES.....................................................x LIST OF FIGURES.................................................. xvi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................xx 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .......................................... 1-1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS.............................. 2-1 3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...................................... 3-1 3.1 NATURE OF POLLUTANT..................................... 3-1 3.2 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION AND USE ......................... 3-4 3.3 OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS.................................... 3-8 4.0 EMISSIONS FROM BENZENE PRODUCTION ........................... 4-1 4.1 CATALYTIC REFORMING/SEPARATION PROCESS................ 4-7 4.1.1 Process Description for Catalytic Reforming/Separation........... 4-7 4.1.2 Benzene Emissions from Catalytic Reforming/Separation .......... 4-9 4.2 TOLUENE DEALKYLATION AND TOLUENE DISPROPORTIONATION PROCESS ............................ 4-11 4.2.1 Toluene Dealkylation
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) (11) 4,172,813 Feinstein Et Al
    United States Patent (19) (11) 4,172,813 Feinstein et al. (45) Oct. 30, 1979 (54) PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY (56) References Cited HYDRODEALKYLATING/TRANSALKYLAT. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ING HEAVY REFORMATE 3,677,973 7/1972 Mitsche et al. .................. 252/455 Z 3,780,121 12/1973 Suggitt et al. ...... ... 260/672 T (75) Inventors: Allen I. Feinstein, Wheaton, Ill.; 3,862,254 1/1975 Eisenlohr et al. ... ... 260/674 SE Ralph J. Bertolacini, Chesterton, Ind. 3,957,621 5/1976 Bonacci et al. ........................ 208/60 Primary Examiner-Herbert Levine 73) Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Attorney, Agent, or Firn-William C. Clarke; Arthur G. Chicago, Ill. Gilkes; William T. McClain 57 ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 849,594 Fractionated heavy reformate containing ethyltoluenes and propylbenzenes is selectively hydrodealkylated and transalkylated to produce ethylbenzene-lean xylenes, (22 Filed: Nov. 8, 1977 benzene and C2-C4 paraffins in the presence of a cata lyst comprising a tungsten/molybdenum component of 51) Int. C.’......................... C07C3/58; C10G 37/04 WO3 and Moos and an acidic component of 60 (wt)% 52 U.S. C. .................................... 585/475; 208/111; of mordenite and 40 (wt)% of catalytically active alu 208/92; 252/455 Z; 585/489; 585/752 a. 58) Field of Search ........................... 208/92, 64, 111; 260/672 T 11 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure MAKE-UP O CS2 REACTION /5 y PARAFFINS XYENES U.S. Patent Oct. 30, 1979 4,172,813 SENETAX ÅHLBWlè?J.NEZNEIGTSE 49'09"0sollywogae 22/ 9/N38ENEZ 1EINETTO 4/ 9/ 6/ or UH-- OZ C--O2 NO2 9/ a UH - O2 CH-Of @ºso ? 02 LL CU H - O2 CCH- Of / (O) ————o 4,172,813 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Preferential Synthesis of Ethanol from Syngas Via Dimethyl Oxalate Hydrogenation Over an Integrated Catalyst Chemcomm Chemical Communications Rsc.Li/Chemcomm
    Showcasing research from Professor Yujun Zhao’s laboratory As featured in: at Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. Volume 55 Number 39 14 May 2019 Pages 5527–5672 Preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation over an integrated catalyst ChemComm Chemical Communications rsc.li/chemcomm The cooperation of Fe5 C2 and CuZnO–SiO2 remarkably inhibited the formation of byproducts, resulting in a significantly high ethanol yield of about 98%. It opens a new route for the preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate. ISSN 1359-7345 COMMUNICATION Ying He et al . Enantioselective iridium catalyzed α-alkylation of azlactones by a tandem asymmetric allylic alkylation/aza-Cope rearrangement See Yujun Zhao et al ., Chem . Commun ., 2019, 55 , 5555. rsc.li/chemcomm Registered charity number: 207890 ChemComm COMMUNICATION Preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation over an Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 5555 integrated catalyst† Received 27th March 2019, Accepted 11th April 2019 Xin Shang, Huijiang Huang, Qiao Han, Yan Xu, Yujun Zhao, * Shengping Wang and Xinbin Ma DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02372k rsc.li/chemcomm An integrated catalyst that contains Fe5C2 and CuZnO–SiO2 with a (B553 K) is necessary for the synthesis of ethanol via DMO hydro- dual-bed configuration was designed for the preferential synthesis of genation, the formation of C3–4OH via the Guerbet reaction would ethanol via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation. The cooperation of the two be highly facilitated by the surface basic sites on the Cu-based catalyst components remarkably inhibited the formation of various catalysts.17 Li’s group18 achieved a high ethanol yield of 95% by byproducts, resulting in a significantly high ethanol yield of about 98%.
    [Show full text]
  • TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE for CYANIDE Date Published
    0 010024 ATSDR/TP-88/12 TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CYANIDE Date Published - December 1989 ' Prepared by: Syracuse Research Corporation under Contract No. 68-CS-0004 for Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (A TSDR) U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical editing/document preparation by: Oak Ridge National Laboratory under DOE Interagency Agreement No. 1857-B026-Al DISCLAIMER Mention of company name or product does not constitute endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. FOREWORD The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-499) extended and amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCI.A or Superfund). This public law (also known as SARA) directed the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances which are most commonly found at facilities on the CERCI.A National Priorities List and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The list of the 100 most significant hazardous substances was published in the Federal Register on Ap r il 17, 1987. Section 110 (3) of SARA directs the Administrator of ATSDR to prepare a toxicological profile for each substance on the list. Each profile must include the following content: "(A) An examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicological information and epidemiologic evaluations on a hazardous substance in order to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute , and chronic health effects.
    [Show full text]