Answer in Full Sentences Title: William's Government Changes

Title: William’s government changes Who was Lanfranc? (1 Describe two changes of What was forfeiture? (1 point) the feudal system (2 point) points)

What was demesne? (2 How did William change What was knight points) life in Norman England? service? (1 point) (3 points, 1 per change)

What was homage? (1 How did William reduce How did William point) the role of the earls? (2 Normanise the church? points) (3 points)

How many points can you get? Answer in full sentences Title: How did William use the government to increase his own power?

How does the Rule of law, role of the individual government liberty compare today?

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Granted land and tax concessions William I Provided peace, law, protection in Knight service according to set quote return for loyalty and service Tax (and reliefs) Justice (baronial courts) Tenants-in-chief (Lords, bishops and abbots) Granted land and other privileges Military service in return for land Tax (and reliefs) Under-tenants Justice (manorial courts) (Vassals)

Land service (farming on vassal’s Provided land to be worked land)/ Rent Peasants (Some free men, but the majority were bound to one lord)

Key terms: King (William I), Vassals, under-tenants, tenants-in-chief, peasants, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txA48AcJNmg&t=288s granted land, knight service, military service, land service, tax, justice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUzRNp7OucQ

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Struggling? Use these key 1. What role does the government have in our lives word prompts. today? 1. Democracy, voting, representation, laws, taxes, justice, courts, education, defence, 2. What role did the government have in the lives of military. Anglo-Saxons? 2. Courts, shire reeves, shires, hundreds, military (fyrd), oaths, taxes.

3. Can you see any problems with the government 3. Control, central, feudal William might want to solve? system, knights, Church, taxes, earls.

Having conquered England William decided to keep the parts of government that worked. He then refined these systems so that they aided in controlling England, in increasing the power of the king and in extracting more revenue (money) out of the English economy.

He kept things that he liked e.g. the hide system (and the wapentake) for working out tax obligations, as well as the shires and the hundreds. He also kept the Witan, or at least a royal council, which he used in 1085 when facing a Danish invasion. Normans used the system of silver pennies from the Anglo-Saxons and kept the royal treasury in Winchester, although he kept a tighter control on who could mint coins. 1. Summarise the first paragraph in no more than 20 words.

2. Give three examples of how William controlled the government.

Read, label and glue in.

Choose one way William centralised the government and explain why you think this helped him control England.

Explain the most important way William centralised the government and the consequence of this.

Explain how William’s government was more central using at least 2 examples given.

Challenge: Which change had the least impact in your opinion and why? Title: How did William use the government to increase his own power?

Rule of law, How does the individual role of the liberty government compare today?

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Earls William Earls The special reduced the continued to powers given power and have an to the Marcher number of important earls was earls in role in the reduced. Earls England. Once military were tenants- his followers defence of in-chief and started being strategically subject tot eh replaced he important same reduced borderlands. requirement as earldoms in other barons. size and even This led to phased them resentment and out (got rid of later rebellion them) e.g. e.g. Revolt of Wessex and the Earls 1075. Mercia. Regents William continued William used William often 1. In your books, sum up the main roles to need to use his trusted preferred to leave of earls and regents in Norman England. regents followers as a regent in France throughout his regents e.g. than in England In Norman England earls were… reign as he rules Lanfranc during because of its two countries. 1075, who rebellions. In Norman England regents were… helped deal Perhaps this was with the Revolt because of the 2. Why was it important for William to of the Earls problems caused reduce the power of the earls and 1075. by his first two regents? regents, Odo of Bayeux and 3. Now decide which role was most William important to the power of William: earl FitzOsbern (both or regent? greedy and violent in 1067 I think that the role of …. Was more before rebellions important to the power of William started). because… Title: William’s government changes Who was Lanfranc? (1 Describe two changes of What was forfeiture? (1 point) the feudal system (2 point) points)

What was demesne? (2 How did William change What was knight points) life in Norman England? service? (1 point) (3 points, 1 per change)

What was homage? (1 How did William reduce How did William point) the role of the earls? (2 Normanise the church? points) (3 points)

How many points can you get? Answer in full sentences Title: William’s government changes Who was Lanfranc? (1 Describe two changes of What was forfeiture? (1 point) the feudal system (2 point) points)

What was demesne? (2 How did William change What was knight points) life in Norman England? service? (1 point) (3 points, 1 per change)

What was homage? (1 How did William reduce How did William point) the role of the earls? (2 Normanise the church? points) (3 points)

How many points can you get? Answer in full sentences What was the role of the sheriff in Anglo-Saxon England? 1. Sum up the role of Anglo-Saxon - King’s local government officials. earls in your - Worked within earldoms to look after the king’s interests. book. - Collected revenues from the king’s land - Collected geld tax and fines from the shire court Challenge: What - Enforcing and witnessing law at shire court was the most - Responsibilities for providing men for the fyrd and upkeep of important role in roads and fortifications. your opinion? What role would William keep? What would he change? 2. Sum up the role of Norman earls in William kept most old roles of the sheriff from the Anglo-Saxon your books. state. The main roles were to be the king’s representative and collect revenue owed to the king from the shires and towns, Challenge: Was including geld tax. The king’s own estates, called his demesne, William wise to were administered by sheriffs, too. They were also the earl’s make this decision? representatives, administering justice and ensuring the shires met their military obligations.

Importance The king appointed the The sheriff was still appointed by the king, sheriffs, but the sheriff was but now the role had much greater power. less important than his earl. Sheriffs answered to nobody but the king, Sheriffs had to be careful not so they were the undisputed leader of to upset their earl, even if their shire. Norman sheriffs were very there were problems to important men: some were tenants in report to the king about the chief; castellans were usually also sheriffs. William replaced most of way the king’s land was being The kings required them to keep close treated. control over their shires and those who the sheriffs with failed him forfeited their role. Normans, keeping very few Anglo-Saxon sheriffs (e.g. Tofig of Somerset). 1. Record the main changes and continuities in the role of the sheriff! Challenge: Why do you think each aspect was changed? Do you think it was a wise decision to change this?

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Aspects of role AS sheriffs Norman sheriffs Law and Order Sheriffs were responsible for The Normans kept the same maintaining law and order in legal system, but added new their shire. This worked by laws to punish rebellion making each tithing against Norman control. responsible for the actions Which the sheriff was also of its members: collective responsible for enforcing. responsibility. Sheriffs Norman sheriffs lost some presided over the shire responsibilities when Church court. courts started to judge William replaced most of religious cases and when the sheriffs with they feudal system led to Normans, keeping very manorial and baronial courts few Anglo-Saxon sheriffs taking over legal issues (e.g. Tofig of Somerset). relating to their administration. 1. Record the main changes and continuities in the role of the sheriff! Challenge: Why do you think each aspect was changed? Do you think it was a wise decision to change this?

Defence The sheriff was Sheriffs kept the role of responsible for the organising the defence of defence of his shire: for the shire and gathering keeping roads and together the fyrd, but this defences well-maintained system now ran alongside and for gathering the fyrd knight service, which the when the king needed it. sheriff was not William replaced most of responsible for. The the sheriffs with sheriff's main military role Normans, keeping very was usually as custodian few Anglo-Saxon sheriffs of the king’s castles in the (e.g. Tofig of Somerset). shire. 1. Record the main changes and continuities in the role of the sheriff! Challenge: Why do you think each aspect was changed? Do you think it was a wise decision to change this?

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Reasons for resentment Rank: Which problem caused the most resentment? (1= most, 7= least) They could keep a share of the revenue they collected. They 1. Highlight the main points of the could keep money paid in fines to the shire courts and possibly some of the geld tax. reasons for resenting the sheriffs. 2. Rank the problems. Which problem They paid a set sum to the king for the right to collect revenue. caused the most resentment? They kept all they earned above that amount so they aimed to collect as much as possible from estates. 3. In your books explain the problem you think caused the most They were often at the front of land-grabs, and no one could resentment and least resentment. complain about it.

They now had greater power and answered to no one but the king. They were important men: some were tenants-in-chief or Challenge: Was the change to the role of castellans. If they lost control of their shires their forfeited their role. sheriff more or less problematic than the change in the role of the earls and They were responsible for enforcing new laws to punish rebels, and they lost some responsibilities when Church courts started regents? to judge religious cases and the feudal system led to manorial and baronial courts taking over legal issues for their administration.

They were still responsible for defence of the shire and gathering the fyrd, but not for knight service. They were custodians of the king’s castles in the shire.

Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Reasons for resentment Rank: Which problem caused the most resentment? (1= most, 7= 1. Highlight the main points of the reasons least) for resenting the sheriffs. They could keep a share of the revenue they collected. They could keep money paid in fines to the shire courts and possibly some of the geld tax. 2. Rank the problems. Which problem

They paid a set sum to the king for the right to collect revenue. caused the most resentment? They kept all they earned above that amount so they aimed to collect as much as possible from estates. 3. In your books explain the problem you

They were often at the front of land-grabs, and no one could think caused the most resentment and complain about it. least resentment. They now had greater power and answered to no one but the king. They were important men: some were tenants-in-chief or castellans. If they lost control of their shires their forfeited their I think that XXX caused the most role. resentment because… They were responsible for enforcing new laws to punish rebels, and they lost some responsibilities when Church courts started I think that XXX caused the least to judge religious cases and the feudal system led to manorial resentment because… and baronial courts taking over legal issues for their administration.

They were still responsible for defence of the shire and Challenge: Was the change to the role of gathering the fyrd, but not for knight service. They were sheriff more or less problematic than the custodians of the king’s castles in the shire. change in the role of the earls and regents? Learning Objectives -Describe the changes William made to the government. -Explain why William reduced the role of the Earls and used regents. -Assess the importance of the office of the sheriff and the demesne. Because, but, so

Because… explains why something is true But… shows change of direction So… what happens as a result of

1. William’s decision to change the role of the sheriff was important for centralising control because… Why was the role of the sheriff important?

2. William’s decision to change the role of the sheriff was important for centralising control but… Did it cause a real change of direction or not?

3. William’s decision to change the role of the sheriff was important for centralising control so… What happened as a result of this change? What could William now do?

One feature of Norman government was… You get 2 marks per feature.

This included… A feature is something distinctive or characteristic e.g. one feature here might be the system of Another feature of Norman government was… earldoms. This included… Each feature needs a supporting detail. This is some specific information that shows you understand the feature.

1 point 2 points 3 points

Castellan Sheriff Forfeiture

Tax Demesne Homage

Defence Centralised Vassal