a 7.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 4/2019 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: THE NETHERLANDS ISSN 1617-7983 • Arming the Attack Helicopter • The US and NATO • Water Purification www.euro-sd.com • Digitisation of Land Forces • • Cyber Defence • European Air Transport Command • Fleet Replenishment Ships • Croatian Air Force • Armasuisse April 2019 • Active and Reactive Vehicle Protection • 3-D Printing Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology UNLABELLED LEAKING BARREL FLIR Griffin G510 The FLIR Griffin G510 GC-MS enables responders to confidently identify unknown chemical threats. It is the ultimate chemical detection toolbox, with guided controls and simple threat alarms. Completely self-contained and mission-ready, the G510 is built for everyone and everywhere. Download FLIR’s Chem Guidebook to learn more about ID tools like the G510: flir.eu/chemguide Editorial 70 Years of NATO This spring NATO is looking back at 70 years of existence. Unlike comparable anniversaries in the past, however, this time no major festivities are being planned. The reason is not to be seen in the Alliance having lost any relevance or self-confidence; on the contrary, since the Wales Summit NATO has proved that it has not forgotten its original task, and that it is trying hard to cope with it. The road to the complete restoration of military capabilities required now may be long and rough, but it will be travelled, and the first signs of success are unmistakeable. The festive mood at NATO is spoiled more by disputes which have overshadowed all summit conferences of late. At heart is a topic which for decades has been a recurring theme on the agenda. The USA may accept that it contributes by far the greater part of the defence capabili- ties of the Alliance. They owe this to their status as a global superpower and their claim to leadership. Their criticism, however, is that the Europeans, whose protection is, after all, the prime aim of NATO, are investing too little in their security, and do not hold to agreements to change this. In the past three decades, they have become accustomed to going along for a comfortable free ride, and diverting defence budgetary resources in favour of other budget items (predominantly welfare spending). Donald Trump is no longer inclined to maintain the cloak of silence. He is expressly demanding that words become deeds, and rapidly. The European answer is to complain about the allegedly undiplomatic tone set by the US President, and to accuse him of thinking less about the military capabilities of the Alliance than the export opportunities for the American defence industry. These outpourings, however, are helpless, and somewhat pitiable, because the num- bers speak clearly for themselves. In 2018 the United States spent 3.5 percent of its gross national product on defence. In addition, only four other NATO partners exceeded the thresh- old seen as mandatory benchmark: Estonia, Latvia, Greece, and the United Kingdom. Three others, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania, barely missed the target. In fact, the members of the Alliance had all committed themselves in 2014 to attaining the two percent target in 2024. NATO General Secretary Jens Stoltenberg is now hoping that at least half of the states will fulfil their promises. But one should not be overly optimistic; every economic crisis and every rise in the interest rate (the departure from the zero interest policy is regarded as long overdue) will restrict the financial scope of the states still further, and experience has shown that when it comes to cuts it is the military that bleeds first, because this is easiest to push through in terms of domestic policy. The bargaining for a fair burden sharing is overlaid by a further problem, however, which is of a more fundamental nature. The Alliance, soon to have 30 members, has grown to a size at which it can no longer disregard the fact that there are different interpretations as to which security threats are to be regarded as the prioritie. The Baltic states, Poland, and also Romania, regard, and for good reason, Russia’s hegemony policy as the primary danger, and they expect the Alliance to credibly confirm its commitment to mutual assistance. In turn, the southern European states are watching with concern the developments on the African continent. What they fear, however, are not military threats. Political mayhem and economic development which is too slow in relation to population growth give rise to instability becoming visible in migration movements which are already almost beyond control. Turkey, on the south-east flank of the Al- liance, is confronted by conflicts in the immediate neighbourhood, and terrorist threats as well, and can hardly expect NATO to make a contribution to overcoming them. With the contention that they are pursuing a 360 degree approach to security, in other words not only to the east but to all points of the compass, the Alliance has been trying to bring all these different concerns under one roof. But this is not really convincing. Credible are only its ambitions to discourage Russia from adventurism, because in the first instance this involves traditional mili- tary deterrence, and above that protection against disinformation and attacks in cyberspace. All other challenges to security and stability in which civil instruments, as, above all, economic means, need to come into effect, exceed its capabilities. If there has to be established a real worksharing between NATO and the European Union, this is where it is to be sought. Peter Bossdorf 4/2019 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents SECURITY POLICY 32 Increasing Investment in Defence Procurement Overview: The Netherlands 12 The US and NATO: What Lies Ahead? Edward Hobbs John Antal 41 The Netherlands' Maritime Defence Industry 19 A Ticking Bomb? Guy Toremans Chinese Immigration to Russia’s Far East Eugene Kogan 45 “It is very important for us to keep our OEM cluster alive” 22 The Policy of the United States Interview with Richard Keulen, in the South Caucasus Director Naval Sales Support, Gayane Novikova Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding (DSNS) COUNTRY FOCUS: THE NETHERLANDS ARMED FORCES 26 A Question of Balance 48 Cyber Defence: The Netherlands between Atlanticism and European Army NATO’s Challenges Thomas Bauer Joris Verbeurgt 30 “Europe has to take up its responsibility to 53 The European Air Transport Command secure and defend its citizens.” Tasks and Missions Interview with Christoffer Jonker, Giulia Tilenni Director International Affairs and Operations, 58 The NATO Strategic Communications Centre Ministry of Defence, The Netherlands of Excellence Linda Curika 60 Što Sada, Croatian Air Force? Index of Advertisers Georg Mader Bren-Tronics 9 Damen 4th cover ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY DNV GL 31 DSEI 103 64 Arming the Attack Helicopter EW Europe 93 Doug Richardson nd FLIR 2 cover, 80-81 69 Active and Reactive Vehicle Future Artillery 88 Protection Systems General Dynamics European Land Systems 13 Sidney E. Dean Hawk Associates 7 75 British Army WARRIOR Upgrade Trials Under Way HEMUS 2020 81 Christopher F. Foss IDET 14 76 Water Purification ISDEF 111 Dan Kaszeta ITEC 21 Leonardo 65 82 Digitisation of Land Forces: The Military Embraces 4IR Motor Sich 10-11 Tamir Eshel Naval Group 35 Nexter 5 86 Arctic Tests of the BRONCO 3 Completed Proengin 77 Gerhard Heiming RC 73 89 Fleet Replenishment Ships: Rheinmetall 33 the Workhorses of Many Navies secunet 49 Guy Toremans Sensonor 3 96 “The largest and most important procurement thyssenkrupp Marine Systems 37 programme currently in place is AIR2030.” UDT 27 Interview with Martin Sonderegger, Head of Switzerland's UK Pavilion LAAD 94–95 Federal Office for Defence Procurement armasuisse WEW – A Thielmann Company 79 2 European Security & Defence · 4/2019 INDUSTRY AND MARKETS 99 Will 3-D Printing Revolutionise the A&D Industry? GYRO Bindiya Carmeline Thomas 104 “Our team has developed a service portfolio that TACTICAL GRADE complements classification services for naval ships.” Interview with Christian Freiherr von Oldershausen, Vice President Naval Business DNV GL Maritime 105 Franco-German Defence Cooperation Giulia Tilenni 109 “Europe is at a difficult crossroads” Interview with General José Conde de Arjona, Spokesperson of FEINDEF and Chief of Institutional Support of the Spanish Ministry of Defence THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP 56 President Trump and NATO: 1:1 scale a Mid-Term Review, Part 2 Joris Verbeurgt STIM210 is a small, lightweight Three Axis VIEWPOINT FROM … Gyro Module for accurate pointing and 15 London Conrad Waters stabilization, fl ight control and guidance applications. 16 Dublin Tommy Martin 17 Belfast • ITAR free James Dornan • Small size, low weight, power and cost • Insensitive to magnetic fi elds 18 Edinburgh • Low gyro bias instability (0.3°/h) John Cooke • Low gyro noise (0.15°/√h) 52 Prague • Excellent performance under vibration and shock Petr Jirásek • Available in 1, 2 or 3 axes • Fully calibrated and customer confi gur able to the specifi c application COLUMNS • Weight 55 grams, volume <2cu.in, power 1.5 W 1 Editorial STIM210 is fi eld proven in Missile systems, Target 4 Periscope acquisition systems, Airborne surveillance, DIRCM, Remote Weapon Systems, Launch vehicles, Military 28 Masthead Land navigators and Satellites. 110 Firms & Faces 112 Preview Issue 5/2019 When size, performance and robustness matter [email protected] • sensonor.com 4/2019 · European Security & Defence 3 Periscope Red Dot Sights for US Army Antarctic Programme. To date, more than is to increase the number of locations where (ck) The US military contracted Aimpoint, 1,280 helicopters of the H135 family are in the detectors can be fitted. FPGs can easily the manufacturer of Red Dot sights, to operation around the globe, having flown be fitted in security equipment that allows supply the Aimpoint FCS13-RE fire control 4.9 million flight hours.