3946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 Mr. HOLLAND, Mr . HORTON, Mr. the eligibilit y of Representatives and Sen­ the express will of the House of Representa­ JOHNSON of Colorado, M·r. KREBS, Mr. ators for the Presidency and Vice Presidency; tives; to the Committee on Rules. McFALL, Mr. MAzzoL1, Mrs. MEYNER, to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HANNAFORD: and Mr. MILLER of California): By Mr. SLACK: H. Res. 1043. Resolution to develop a mult i­ H.J. Res. 814. Joint resolution to authorize H.J. Res. 822. Joint resolution authorizing lateral code of conduct to eliminate bribery and request the President to issue a procla­ the President to proclaim the week beginning and other practices which burden multimt­ mation designating the fourth Sunday in on November 7, 1976, as National Respiratory tional corporations; to the Committee on September annually as National Good Therapy Week; to the Committee on Post Of­ Banking, Currency and Housing. Neighbor Day; to the Commit tee on Post fice and Civil Service. By Mr. HAWKINS: Office and Civil Service. By Mr. STUDDS: H. Res. 1044. Resolution disapproving the By Mr. CLEVELAND (for himself, Mr. H.J. Res. 823. Joint resolut ion proposing an deferral of budget authority relating to the BADILLO, Mr. BURKE of Massachu­ amendment to the Constit ut ion of the juvenile justice and delinquency prevention setts, Mr. DUNCAN Of Oregon, Mr. United States to limit the number of terms program which is propos'ed by the President; EILBERG, M·r. HEINZ, Mr. HOWE, Mr. Senators and Representatives may serve; to to the Committee on Appropriations. KETCHUM, Mr. MCCLORY, Mr. MEEDS, the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. RODINO: Mr. REUSS, Mr. STARK, Mr. SYMMS, By Mr. ROSENTHAL: H. Res. 1045. Resolution to provide funds Mr. TSONGAS, and Mr. WALSH): H. Con. Res. 554. Concurrent resolut ion dis­ for the Committee on the Judiciary; to t he H.J. Res. 815. Joint resolution to au­ approving the proposed letter of offer to sell Committee on House Administration. t horize the President of the United States ce·rtain defense services to Saudl Arabia t o designate National Ski Week; to the Com­ (transmittal No. 76-25); to the Committee mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. on International Relations. By Mr. KEMP (for himself, Mr. H. Con. Res. 555. Concurrent resolution MEMORIALS BAFALIS, and Mr. PATTERSON of disapproving the proposed letter of offer to California) : sell certain defense· articles to Saudi Arabia Under clause 4 of rule X:XII, H.J. Res. 816. Joint resolution to clarify (transmittal No. 76-27); to the Committee 299. The SPEAKER presented a memol'ial and reaffirm Government purchasing policies; on International Relations. of the Legislature of the State o:t South to the Committee on Government ·operations. H. Con. Res. 556. Concurrent ·resolution Dakota, relative to the equal rights amend­ By Mr. KEMP (for himself and Mr. disapproving the proposed letter to offer to ment to the U.S. Constitution; to the Com­ DUNCAN of Oregon) : sell certain defense articles to Saudi Arabia mittee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 817. Joint resolution to clarify (transmittal No. 76-28); to the Committee and rea.ftlrm Government purchasing poli­ on International Relations. · cies; to the Committee on Government Op­ H. Con. Res. 557. Concurrent resolution erations. disapproving the proposed letter to offer to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr.KEMP: sell certain defense articles to Saudi Arabia H.J. Res. 818. Joint resolution to clarify (transmittal No. 76-29); to the Committee Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private and reaftlrm Government purchasing poli­ on International Relations. bills and resolutions were introduced and cies; to the Committee on Government Op­ H. Con. Res. 558. Concun·ent resolution severally referred as follows: erat ions. disapproving the proposed letter of offer to By Mr. HANSEN: By Mr. LEVITAS (for himself, Mr. sell certain defense articles to Saudi Arabia H.R. 12013. A bill for the relief of Meejn. GILMAN, Mr. RODINO, Mr. HARRING­ (t ransmittal No. 76-30); to the Committee Sa; to the Committee on the Judiciary. TON, Mr. AMBRO, Mr. HECHLER of on International Relations. By Mr. MADIGAN: West Virginia, Mr. SOLARZ, Mr. FAS­ H. Con. Res. 559. Concurrent resolution CELL, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. H. Ries. 1046. Resolution to refer the blll disapproving the proposed lett er of offer to (H.R. 4048) for the relie:t of J. L. Simmons NOLAN, Mr. KocH, Mr. GINN, Mr. sell certain defense articles to Saudi Arabia Co., Inc., to the Chief Commissioner of the STOKES, and Mr. MARTIN): (transmittal No. 76-31); to the Committee Court of Claims; to the Committee on the H.J. Res. 819. Joint resolution to estab­ on International Relations. Judiciary. lish a National Commission on Social Secu­ H. Con. Res. 560. Concurrent resolution rity; to the Committee on Ways and Means. disapproving the proposed letter of offer to By Mr. PATTEN: sell certain defense services to Saudi Arabia H.J. Res. 820. Joint resolution proposing an, PETITIONS, ETC. (transmittal No. 76-32); to the Committee amendment to the Constitution to provide Under clause 1 of rule XXII, for the direct popular election of the Pres­ on International Relations. ident and Vice President of the United By Mr. PEYSER: 401. The SPEAKER presented a petition of States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. Res. 1041. Resolution establL<.>hing a se­ Myrtle Peck, and others, Cement, Okla., rel­ By Mr. RHODES: lect committee to investigate the release of ative to i-einstatlng the House Committee H.J. Res. 821. Joint resolution proposing material contained in the report of the House on Internal Security; to the Committee on an amendment to the Constitution limiting Intelligence Committee in contravention of Rules.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

"TONY" GENTILE, CITIZEN OF THE are the 13th edition of Who's Who in the Business Administration in Clevelanu. In YEAR Midwest, the 15th edition of the World's 1965 he was honored by Gov. James Who's Who in Commerce and Industry, A. Rhodes with th"! Executive Order of the 17th edition of Who's Who in Finance Ohio Commodore and in 1967 was recip.­ HON. WAYNE L. HAYS and Industry and the 1969 Royal Blue ient of the Civil Leader Award of the OF OHIO Book of Leaders of the English Speak­ Weirtonian Lodge of the Italian Sons IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing World. and Daughters of America. Thursday, February 19, 1976 In addition to his success in the busi­ Tony is married to the former Nina ness world, he was honored by his com­ Di Scipio of Youngstown. They are the Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, on munity, not for his business achieve­ parents of four children, all of whom January 21, 1976 the chamber of com­ ments, but for his accomplishments as continue to live in southeastern Ohio. merce of the village of Wintersville a leader in his community. He is a mem­ recognized Mr. Anthony "Tony" Gentile ber of the board of advisors of the Col­ as Citizen of the Year. lege of Steubenville, the board of WIRTH HOSTS CHAMBER OF Tony Gentile was born in Italy in 1920. trustees of Ohio Valley Hospital and COMMERCE SEMINAR He emigrated to the United States as the executive council of the Boy Scouts a child, attended the public schools of of America, Fort Steuben Council. He has HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH Youngstown, Ohio, and graduated from also served on the board of advisors of OF COLORADO the University of Youngstown. the St. John Medical Center, the Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since 1946 Tony has been successful in can Institute of Mining and Metallur­ numerous business ventures. Several gical Engineers in Washington, D.C., the Wednesday, February 18, 1976 major publications have listed him as a Ohio Academy of Science in Columbus, Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, this week leader in the business world. Among these land the advisory board of the Small my office and I are welcoming to Wash- Feb1·uary 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3947 ington some 40 Coloradans associated mel, Bill Heinrich, Thomas H. Howard, Earell Favor ------83 Kissinger, Betty Law, James Murray, Tom Oppose ------12 with chambers of commerce in the sec­ Murray, Judy Ness, Duane and Marge Pear­ Undecided ------5 ond district. They are here not for the sall, William H. Philllps, Dave and Alice Sel· usual round of sightseeing, but for a 8. There has been a continuing national lards, Frank Starr, Maury Strait. debate over economic priorities. In this re­ learning experience. In a series of meet­ gard, what do you view as the more serious ings from February 19 through Febru­ economic problem facing our country: infla­ ary 21, they will participate in seminars tion or unemployment? on a variety of critical national issues, SIXTH DISTRICT QUESTIONNAIRES given by experts both inside government Inflation ______------__ - __ 67 and out. Unemployment ------29 I am especially pleased that my dis­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Undecided ------4 tinguished colleagues from Michigan, OF MARYLAND Mr. DINGELL, and Illinois, Mr. ANDERSON, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be on hand to discuss aspects of con­ Thursday, February 19, 1976 gressional policymaking. I am also glad VOICE OF DEMOCRACY that the chamber members are being Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, I recently given a chance to learn more about the sent out a questionnaire on many of the Federal budget and the new congres­ important issues facing the Congress to HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN sional budget process from our Budget citizens in the Sixth District of Mary­ OF MAINE O:ffioe's able Director, Dr. Alice Rivlin. land. I thought the results of this ques­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The speakers and their topics are as tionnaire would be of interest to our col­ Thursday, February 19, 1976 follows: leagues. The questions and the tabulated re­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, each year LIST OF SPEAKERS AND TOPICS the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the John G. Veneman, Counselor to Vice sults follow: President Rockefelle·r, "Social Programs in SIXTH DISTRICT QUESTIONNAffiE RESULTS, United States and its Ladies Auxiliary the Next Decade"; Dr. Alice Rivlin, Direc­ JANUARY 30, 1976 conduct a contest for secondary school tor, Congressional Budget Office and Paul NoTE.-All figures expressed as percent­ students. Entitled "Voice of Democracy," O'Neill, Deputy Director, Office of Manage­ ages. the contest offers major scholarship ment and Budget, "Government Spending­ awards to students for the best essays How Big is our Future Mortgage?"; Paul 1. Do you favor or oppose the easing of en­ on the subject, "What Our Bicentennial McAvoy, Member, Council of Economic Ad­ vironmental restrictions on auto exhausts and coal burning facilities? Heritage Means to Me." visers to the President and Joan Claybrook, Nearly half a million students entered Director, Congress Watch, "How Free is the Favor ------57 Hand of Adam Smith?"; Morton Halperin, this year's competition. From among Oppose ------39 these contestants, 50 State winners have former Assistant to Henry Kissinger, Direc­ Undecided ------4 tor, Project on National Security and Civil been selected. These students will come Liberties, and Fred Hitz, Deputy Assistant 2. Do you favor or oppose the busing of to Washington as guests of the Veterans Secretary, Department of Defense, "Foreign students to achieve racial balance in our of Foreign Wars in March to participate Affairs-From Independence to Interdepend­ public schools? in the final judging. ence"; John A. Hill, Deputy Administrator, Federal Energy Administration· and Hon. Favor ------4 I am particularly proud that this year's Oppose ------94 Maine winner is one of my constituents, -:John D. Dingell (D-Mich.), Chairman, Sub­ Undecided ------2 committee on Energy and Power, House Susan Debra Moore of Turner, Maine. Commmittee on Interstate and Foreign 3. Negotiations are underway between the A 16-year-old student at Leavitt Area Commerce, "Energy-Will the Arabs Turn U.S. State Department and the government High School, Susan wrote an articulate out our Lights?"; Hon. John B. Anderson of Panama to draft a treaty which would and moving tribute to America and the (R-111.), Chairman, Republican Conference, transfer control over the Panama Canal Zone principles that have made our Nation House of Representatives, "Comments on from the U.S., which has held this control the 94th Congress"; Suzanne Stoiber, Health since 1904, to the government of Panama. great. Analyst, Congressional Budget Committee, Would you favor or oppose giving control In view of the cynicism that has in­ "National Health Insurance-When and in over the. Canal Zone to Panama? fected so many Americans, young and What Form?"; and Elmer Smith, Associate old alike, it is heartening to find one so Commissioner, Program Policy and Planning, Favor ------16 young who sees so clearly the strength Social Security Administration, "Social Secu­ UndecidedOppose --- -__ ------______-_ ---__ _---_ _ _--_ _ -_ -_ 82 2 and resiliency of the United States and rity-Is the Trust Fund Sound?". her people. I commend Miss Moore's 4. The Mid-East peace agreement provides This is the second Wirth Washington for $3.2 billion in U.S. foreign aid to Israel, prize-winning essay to the attention of Seminar. The first took place last April, Egypt, Jordan and Syria this year. Secretary my colleagues, and I include it at this and was by all accounts a great success. of State Kissinger claims the aid is necessary point in the RECORD for their benefit. The public indifference to matters of as an alternative to war in the Middle East. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLARSHIP public policy that we hear so much about What do you think? Would you favor or America and her heritage may be thought is certainly nowhere present in the group oppose the $3.2 billion foreign aid package? of as a vast outstretched hand reaching to- . wards perfection for her people. The open of Coloradans in town this week. It is Favor ------23 heartening for me to see such interest in Oppose ------__ 72 hand portrays fr.iendship, generosity and the issues, and a pleasure for me to have Undecided ------5 peace. The palm represents the real heart of America. It holds the health, luck and fate such people here. 5. Would you favor or oppose a national, lines but most important of all it contains The participants in the seminar are the compulso1·y health insurance program fi­ the life line of America. Our life line of the following men and women: nanced by higher social security taxes? United States has threaded itself in each one of us and we in turn are a part of it. SEMINAR PARTICIPANTS Favor ------23 From Arvada, Colo.: Chet Grubin, Don Oppose ------75 It has matured and deepened in meaning as Undecided ------2 we sincerely understand what an honor it Rogers, Dick Tuers, Duane Youse. is to be able to celebrate our two hundredt h From Boulder, Colo.: Rod Benson, Bob Gib­ 6. Do you favor or oppose an increase in year of independence for it is much more son, Edward and Sally Irwin, John c. the number of public service jobs financed by than just another celebration. Our anniver­ Rudolph. federal taxes? sary is a tribute to all who have elongated From Broomfield, Colo.: Sherry Collins. this life line and made it our America of From Denver, Colo.: Robert Alexander. Favor ------18 today. The wrinkles on the American hand Charles D. Burg, Robert Coffman, Bill Miller, Oppose ------80 symbolize America's age, wisdom and per­ Gary Potter, R. G. Rothmeier. Undecided ------2 severance through these two hundred years. From Federal Heights, Colo.: Mildred Ear­ 7. Would you favor or oppose a constitu­ The fingers and their separate divisions ley, Nellie Zimmerman. tional amendment requiring an annual bal­ depict the sections and states of America. From Lakewood, Colo.: Thelma Adams, anced Federal budget, unless a national The unalienable rights of Life, Liberty and Pearl Alperstein, John Bowers, Lloyd Cle· emergency was declared by the President and Pursuit of Happiness, spoken about in the ments, John and Helen DeJong, Melvin Har- Congress? Declaration of Independence, are the 3948 EXTENSIONS OF 'REMARKS Feb'tuary 19, 1976 knuckles which link the individual states in Congress, we also, as free men, should Rail will have to assume the operation of ~1to forming the United States. Each of us be aware of their efforts, and should is joined in the common cause of protecting approximately 2,200 additional miles of tllese rights. work with our Government to exert in­ track. Consequently, the cost of ConRail It is said that you can tell your past and ternational influence towa·rd restoration to .Federal taxpayers will rise. In its final future by looking at your palm. In the hand of sovereignty to Lithuania, and all ille­ system plan, the USRA estimated the of America, our past history is clearly mark­ gally dissolved self-governments. total cost of the so-called unified Con­ ed. The cuts on our American palm, reveal The fight now is but a candle glow in Rail system-ConRail without the in­ the battles fought, the men sacrificed, and the darkness-but we must hope to see volvement of the Chessie and Southern­ t l1e war wounds. They remind us that our that day when it will become the bright at $2.026 billion, up approximately $185 liberty did not come easily but that we light of freedom for a courageous, lib­ have had to fight for it. It should not be million from their original estimate. This taken for granted. The deep grooves em­ erty-loving people. does not include the $75 million "margin bedded in her hand tell of the brave men of safety" which the Appropriations such as John Hancock, Patrick Henry, George Committee includes in House Joint Res­ Washington, and Thomas Jefferson and their olution 801, or · the increased costs of hard struggle for independence. With their CONRAIL: INEFFICIENCY AT maintenance, rehabilitation and equip­ help, though, it is America's hand which GOVERNMENT EXPENSE ment purchases. An increase of $810 mil­ guides her own people-steady, strong and loving. Our independence is fully acknowl­ lion for the upgrading of track, equ'ip­ edged by the speech beginning, "When in the HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. ment, and facilitjes is contemplated, course of human events ..." America's hand OF OHIO along with an additional $150 million in new equipment purchases. has held solid and firm enabling her to with­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stand and overcome her hardships, notably Without the expanded Chessie and the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. They have Thursday, February 19, 1976 Southern Systems, ConRail will prac­ left their scars on her but there is still the Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, with tically become the sole railroad serving ever-present fac.t that these scars have healed the New York market from the West. The and we have become richer in wisdom. the consideration of H.J. Res. 801, the Our future is also very clear and again House is asked to give financial approval Interstate Commerce Commission, in its it is represented by hands. This time it is to the ConRail plan, the dubious cure-all evaluation of the final systems plan last our own hands which will form the future of for the plight of Northeast freight opera­ summer, could not endorse this so-called America. We, as Americans, have been raised tions. unified ConRail plan. They stated that to believe in our country and to fight for it if In its final system plan, submitted to "The monopolistic nature of unified Con­ necessary. The men of the past have done Congress in July of last year, the U.S. Rail precludes effective regulation of their share in molding America, now it is up Railway Association foresaw a total Gov­ ConRail by the forces of a free market to us to be the hands. environment and will require increased I am proud to belong to this American ernment involvement of $1.841 billion hand-the outstretched hand. One which is over 4 fiscal years. This amount has regulation by the Commission in order :ready to accept what the world has to give been increased by $75 million by the Ap­ to protect the region's rail users and sol­ a.nd wllling to offer to others what it has propriations Committee as a "margin of vent railroads." The ICC even raises the learned. America is a place where freedom, safety" for the corporation, although the specter of "additional bankruptcies" if liberty and equality have room to expand and process by which the committee arrived the viability of the region's other carriers prosper; where we have hands to choose our at this margin is left to one's imagina­ is not protected. This runs completely own way to live, work and worship. tion. counter to what seems to be a glaring Most of all, America is a place for people; need at this Point in the transportation for people who remember all those who made Recent developments in the rail re­ this country what it is today-a truly free organization scenario, however, only field-the need for reform and simplifi­ and beautiful land. serve to fuel already well-grounded cation of Federal regulatory efforts. Although America's hand may be rough, doubts regarding ConRail's cost to the In an earlier statement on ConRail and caUoused, wrinkled and scarred, it only Government and the viability of competi­ its attendant problems, I cited the ques­ proves that she has worked and toiled to tive rail traffic in the Northeast. Both tion of railroad operating efficiency and create something magnificent. This she did the Chessie System and the Southern work rule reform. This problem was ig­ in producing the United States. Railway have pulled out of the reorga­ nored in the rail legislation passed by the nization scheme. They were unable tone­ Congress. gotiate new labor agreements, along Not only has Congress not addressed the problem, but it has effectively pre­ LITHUANIA much the same lines as agreements their employees currently operate under, with vented more efficient railroads--Chessie the workers they would have picked up and Southern-from participating in the HON. JOHN J. RHODES had they acquired certain properties :reorganization. . One of the few good OF ARIZONA from the Erie Lackawanna, the Reading, points in the entire USRA plan was the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the Penn Central Railroads. · provision for competitive service. With­ I believe this inability to reach a out participation by Southern and Ches­ Thursday, February 19, 1976 working agreement because of work rule sie, ConRail amounts to Government Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, it is most problems underscores the need for re­ sanctioned inefficiency and monopoly. I appropriate that during this Bicenten­ form in this area of railroading. The will not vote to spend massive amounts nial time that we Americans, who enjoy chairman of the Chessie System indi­ of tax money to support an operation the blessings of freedom, take a moment cated that if they had been forced to op­ like ConRail with deliberate built-in to consider the plight of millions of the erate their newly acquired lines under inefficiencies. world's people who live under tyranny the same labor practices the old roads and oppression. February 16 was the 58th had labored under, the Chessie would anniversary of independence for Lithua­ have been "assuming a loss operation." nia. In 1940 it was forced into the Com­ The Chessie is a profitmaking railroad, ST. JOSEPH PARISH OF MOUNT munist net along with other Baltic and by declining deals like this, they ob­ CARMEL CELEBRATES FIRST ONE States. This tragic loss of freedom never viously intend to remain that way. HUNDRED YEARS has been remedied. That the question of outmoded and Repression and censorship, suppres­ overpadded railroad labor practices HON. GUS YATRON :~ion of ideas and communications are could scuttle a major part of the reorga­ OF PENNSYLVANIA the order of the day in Red Lithuania. nization scheme is sad but not surpris­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many Americans, of Lithuanian descent, ing. Until Congress deals with this issue, hope for a fu.ture day when their home­ in a way other than what we have now, Thursday, February 19, 1976 fand may once more rise to rule itself in which creates no incentive for the rail Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, on May 2, J.lberty. workers to bargain with Chessie or 1976, the St. .Joseph Parish of Mount The struggle goes on, and we should Southern, any solution to railroad prob­ Carmel, Pa., will celebrate its first 100 pay tribute to the brave people in that lems can only be termed a partial one. years. country who continue to oppose forced With the Chessie and Southern elimi­ The people of Mount Carmel, who live rule by their Communist masters. Here nated from the reorganization plan, Con- in the small portion of southern North- February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3949 umberland County which I represent, . the international Soviet-controlled fronts description of the "peace movement" are a proud, God-fearing people, who live such as the World Peace Council and ever written. each day with the knowledge that their the Women's International Democratic A recent press report from Saigon, hard work on behalf of the!r Nation and Federation. Mrs. Weiss served as a leader now called Ho Chi Minh City, revealed their undying faith in the Maker, will of the Communist Party, U.S.A.-dom­ that in the past 9 months since the Com­ build a better life for them and their inated New.Mobilization Committee and munists captured the city, some 475,000 fellow Americans. its successor, the People's Coalition for persons have been deported to the coun­ I am proud to represent these citizens Peace and Justice, and has met many tryside by the Communist government. who are proof that the St. Joseph Parish, times with representatives of the North The mass deportations have been to under the pastoral and religious direc- Vietnamese Communist government in break up remaining resistance to the tion of Father John Bambol, molds men Paris and Hanoi. communists, to send suspected anticom­ and women of fine stock. Mrs. Weiss' most noted failure as an munists to isolated rural areas, and to When Bishop Joseph Daley celebrates organizer of pro-Vietnamese propaganda form huge forced labor brigades to work Mass on May 2, my thoughts and pray- came when the three carefully selected in the fields and rice paddies under Com­ ers will be with these constituents for U.S. POW's she and self-identified "com­ munist cadre control. the continued strength of the parish and munist, although not of the Soviet va­ Reports indicate that the Mekong the many great citizens who worship riety" David Dellinger brought back from Delta rice-growing region is experiencing within. Hanoi refused to make the antiwar state- considerable armed resistance to the ments she hoped they would make in Communists. The North Vietnamese are return for their release: struggling to gain firm control over the GIFTS FOR THE COMMUNIST CON­ Mrs. Weiss was prominent at the Jan­ South before the scheduled "reunifica­ QUERORS: FRIENDSHIPMENT uary 30-February 1 meeting in Chicago tion" on April 30. of the National Hard Time Conference, The Friendshipments of 22 tons of organized by the overt supporters of the blankets, antibiotics, plows, etc cetera are HON. LARRY McDONALD Weather Underground terrorists. At the designed to aid the Communist con­ OF GEORGIA urging of Cora Weiss, the conference querors, not the freedom-loving resist­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES goers agreed to support the Friendship­ ance movement in the South. . ment "reparations" program. The Friendshipment lists its sponsors Thursday, February 19, 1976 Daniel Ellsberg and Frances Fitzger­ as including: Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. ald, author of Fire in the Lake, have re­ LISTS OF SPONSORS Speaker, the American Friends Service cently circulated an appeal for addition­ Committee-AFSC-an organization al, tax-exempt, funds for the Friendship­ Ad Hoc Coalition for a New Foreign Policy ment. The Ellsberg/Fitzgerald appeal (formerly the Coalition to Stop Funding the which is not under the control of the War). Religious Society of Friends, is fronting states that "we do not believe today's Another Mother for Peace (AMP). for several groups active in the U.S. sup­ diplomatic war waged by our Govern­ American Friends Service Committee port apparatus for the Vietnamese Com­ ment represents us," and denounces the (AFSC). munists in seeking funds for its program more responsible American voluntary Bach Mal Hospital Relief Fund, Inc. of material assistance to the Communist agencies like CARE and the American Church World Service (Fund for Recon- Red Cross for not allocating assistance to struction and Reconciliation in Indochina) . conquerors of Vietnam. Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC). The assistance program, Friendship­ the Communists. Committee of Responsibility. ment, operates from 235 East 49th Street The Friendship fund appeal lists an Disciples Peace Fellowship. in New York City. It was publicly in­ odd variety of sponsors. The sponsors Episcopal of Reconciliation (EOR). augurated at a press conference on Oc­ range from the Cuban-backed Marxist­ Friends of Indochina Organizing Commit- tober 2, 1975, which was attended by a Leninists of the Puerto Rican Socialist tee (described by its national staff member, North Vietnamese Communist official, Party-RSP-and the National Interim Carol Clifford, as "a newly formed group Nguyen Van Luu, who assured the "peace Committee for a Mass Party of the Peo­ working to build a broad and activist friend­ ple-through the Communist Party's ship association"). activists" that their goods would be put Health-PAC. to good use by the Communists. Bach Mai Hospital Relief Funds, Inc. to Indochina Mobile Education Project The Friendshipment program received the militant revolutionary pacifists of (IMEP). a great deal of media publicity during the War Resisters League. Indochina Resource Center (IRC). November 1975, with protest vigils out­ Other sponsors include disarmament International Children's Fund. side the White House aimed at pressur­ lobbyists who follow the line of the So­ Inter-Religious Foundation for Communi- ing the administration and the State viet's World Peace Council including ty Organization (IFCO). Medical Aid for Indochina. Department into granting export licenses SANE and the Women's International Mennonite Central Committee. for the Hanoi supplies. The State Depart­ League for Peace and Freedom-WILPF. The Thomas Merton Center. ment duly granted the export licenses Another sponsor is the Inter-Religious National council for Churches, Division and Hanoi radio in December hailed the Foundation for Communist Organiza­ of Church and Society. arrival of :the first shipment. tion-IFCO-a Ford Foundation project National Council for Universal and Un­ The Friendshipment program has an­ which in the past has provided funding conditional Amnesty (NCUUA), a -ooalition for African Marxist guerrilla movements. of leftist and "religious" groups organizing nounced that contributions are tax de­ amnesty for draft dodgers and deserters. ductible if made out to the Bach Mai And a large number of other sponsors NCUUA includes many of the groups sup­ Hospital Relief Fund, Inc. of Cambridge, were formerly members of the People's porting the Friendship program. Mass. The Bach Mai Hospital Relief Coalition for Peace and Justice and its National Interim Committee for a Mass Fund is a project of the Young Workers predecessors. Party of the People (NIC). Liberation League, youth arm of the I am distressed to see a number of real New York Women's Union. Communist Party, U.S.A., and various religious institutions listed as sponsors. People to People Program, Christian YWLL and CPUSA members active in It is always unfortunate to see apparent­ Church (Disciples of Christ). ly well-meaning people of conscience Puerto Rican Socialist Party ( PSP) . the Medical Committee for Human SANE. Rights-MCHR. While claiming to col­ manipulated by those hostile to the cause s.o.s. Vietnam, International Committee. lect funds to rebuild Bach Mai Hospital of freedom. When I see these people Union of Vietnamese in the U.S. in Hanoi, the money and medicines col­ brought into pro-Communist "peace" or­ United Methodist Church, Board <>f Global lected were simply turned over to the ganizations, I am reminded of the com­ Ministries-Women's Division, World Divi­ sion. Vietnamese Communists whose army had ments of James Cannon, the American Bishops' Call for Peace and Self-Determi­ a much higher priority than did the Trotskyist leader, who described the nation of Peoples, United Methodist Church. civilian population. "peace movement" as coalition "of pro­ Vietnamese-American Reconciliation Cen- The principal organizer of the Friend­ fessional fellow travelers, congenital ter. shipment project is Cora Weiss, long a Vietnam Resource Center. stooges and moon-struck clergymen War Resisters League (WRL). leader of Women Strike for Peace­ steered * * * by hard-faced jockeys from Women Strike for Peace (WSP). WSP-a Communist-dominated women's the Stalinist riding stables." Women's International League for Peace organization which follows the line of That is probably the most accurate and Freedom (WILPF). 3950 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19; 191u·

Americans are being asked to give DEPARTMENT QF STATE, yan Government will meet the requirement s money, obstcnsibly for civilian purposes, Washington, D.C., December 9, 1975. of international law. to the Communist forces which this Hon. DONALD M. FRASER, Dr. Mcintire wrote to me in late September Chairman, Subcommittee on International asking that the Department of State inter­ weekend attacked a Saigon church. Organizations, House of Representatives, cede with the Government of Kenya to obtain There is no moral reason to assist. the Washington, D.C. permission for him to attend, as a reporter, Marxist-Leninist terrorists in Vietnam. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Secretary has the assembly of the World Council of asked me to thank you for your letter of Churches in Nairobi in late November. Upon November 13, requesting a full account of instruction from the Department of State, the deportation of D1·. Carl Mcintire, Presi­ our Embassy in Nairobi contacted the Ken ­ dent of the International Council of Chris­ yan Foreign Ministry to ascertain wheth~r DR. CARL MclNTIRE'S DEPORTA­ tian Churches, from Kenya. the Kenyan Government would agree to gr n t TION FROM KENYA According to our Embassy in Nairobi, from Dr. Mcintire a. visa to permiG him to return the beginning of the International Council to Nairobi for the World Council Qf Church · of Christian Churches' Conference in Nairo­ AssemblY'. A high-level Kenyan official statetI HON. DONALD M. FRASER bi.. Kenya on July 16, Kenyan Government that it would be "premature" fol' hi:m t.o OF MINNESO'l1A officials become increasingly irritated aver apply for removal of his prohibited immi­ the substance of public statements issued IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grant status. Given the limited time that has by Dr. Mcintire and other conference par­ elapsed since Dr. Mcintire was last in Keny· ., Thursday, February 19, 1976 ticipants. The Kenyans seemed particularly we do not think, from a practical stand'point , upset over Dr. Ucintires' attacks on the rival that there is a possibility of getting t h e Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, a petition Wol'ld Council of Churches which he re­ Kenyans to pe:rmit Dr. McI111;ire's return t o and supporting documents received from peatedly claimed was Communist influenced. Kenya so soon. It is, of course, within the Dr. Carl Mcintire, president of the Inter­ A statement in a conference background Kenyan Government's prerogative to refuse national Council of Churches, were re­ document indicating that Rhodesian lead­ to nermit him to return. f erred by you to the Subcommittee on er Ian Smith was "an upholder of civiliza­ i hope you will call on me if you beliern tion" was another irritant. Dr. Mcint.ire's at­ we can be of further assistance. International Organizations. We have tempt to bring Alexander Solzhenitsyn to referred these materials to the Depart­ Sincerely, Nairobi, turned down by the Kenyan Gov­ ROBERT J. MCCLOSKEY, ment of State for comment. ernment furU1er complicated the situation. .·1ssistant Secretary fo1' Congressional These materials deal with the deporta­ The Kenvan decision to act came on July 24 Relations. tion of Dr. Mcintire from Kenya on following a press conference held by Dr. July 25, 1975. Mcintire in response to the Keuy. n Vice The subcommittee has received an ac­ President's broadcast on radio and televi­ sion urging Dr. Mcintire to apologize for re­ 58TH ANNIVERSARY OF LITHU­ count of.this incident from the Depart­ marks attributed to his organization on Ian ANIA'S INDEPBNDEJ1CE ment of State. Smith. The Vice President had said that Dr. While I do not often agree with Dr. Mcintire "must apQlogize or pack up and go." Mcintire's views and clearly I do not Ho ever, Dr. Mcintire, in his press confer­ HO . HENRY HEl.STOSKI share his opinion of Ian Smith, Mc­ en<:e, S,?.id that "if there is any apology to be OF NEW JERSEY Intire's right to express what he thinks made, it is Kenya's Ministry of Foreign Af­ H THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is manifest. Dr. Mcintire has been a fairs that sh01..ud apologize to us for the Thursday, February 19,. 19'16 public irritant to many public officials. way the people there t1·eated us." At 9:30 a.m. on July 25 Dr. Mclntire's Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker~ since The Kenyans, outraged by Dr. Mcintire, lawyer phoned our Charge d'Affaires, a.i. to probably should have been more tolerant February 16, 1975, marked the 58th an­ say that the chief Kenyan Immigration Offi­ niversary of the independence c.. _ Lithu-· of his views. But it is clear that the man­ cer had arrived at their hotel and insisted ania, I feel it is a time to consider the ner is in which Carl Mcintire was de­ that Dr. Mcintire accompany him to his ported from Kenya violates the minimum office. The Charge a.sked them to wait until hopes and dreams of the people who long the Embassy's consula.i· officer could get to for the freedom they have been denied protection he should have received as a as residents of this oppressive s.tate. way the the hotel and accompany Dr. Mcintire to the legal visitor to Kenya. The Ken­ Immigration Office. The consular om.cer did The Republic of Lithuania was estab­ yans handled this case, including the accompany Dr. Mcintire to the steps of the lished as an independent nation on Feb­ cavalier way they dealt with U.S. officials,_ Immigration Office, where the latter was ruary 16, 1918. These hon"st, hard wort:­ is not the sort of conduct we expect from served with a ci&porta.tion order and then ing, and freedom-loving people were to friendly nations. The provocation may ta.ken directly to the airport. He was not per­ reap the benefits of such a nation for only have been great, but the response was mitted to return to bis hotel: to see his wife or get his baggage. nor was ow· consular of­ 22 years. In June, 1940 the Soviet Union out of proportion to the situation. invaded and occupied the Baltic States Our subcommittee's exchange with the ficer permitted to accompany him to the air­ port. In fa.ct, she was forcibly removed !r~m and Lithuania was to he governed, once State Department f oliows: his car and obliged to take a ta,xi to the air­ more, by an onerous rule. NOVD!BEn 13, 1975. port whe1·e she was still not permitted to see Although approximately one-fourth of Hon. HENRY A. Kis.sINGER, him. Following Dl'. Mcintire"s abrupt deporta­ its citizens were removed from the home­ Secretary, Depart111.ent of Stat~, tion, an Embassy officer stayed with Mrs. Mc­ land in an attempt to destroy their unity WasMngton, D.C. Inttre until she left the country. DEAB MR. ~Y: Enclosed is a petiti-On On July 25, the day of Dr. Mclntir 's and identity, the Lithuanians would not and supporting documents which the Speak­ deportation, our Charge protested vi~'Orns. o1 course-, should not be of those now living in Easteru Europe. Your kind attention in this matter would effected in a manner-which depl'ives the alien r call upon my fellow oolleagues to be most appreciated. join me in commemorating the. culture Sincerely youi·s, of minimum protection. We deeply regrn that Dr. Mci:ntire was subiected to such an and heritage of these people and support. DoNALD M. FRASER, the efforts continue a policy of peace­ Chairman, Subeonurritt~e en Inter­ unpleasant experience. We hope, howev&-, in to nation'2'l O~zaffotl8. future situations of thfs sort that the Ken- ful COexfstenC'e. F:ebruary 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF R~MARKS 3951 COD A CHIP ON BRITAIN'S And explain things the FOFO d.id. Britain dispatches have come from the Soviet SHOULDERS took the action it did, he said, because Ice­ Union that another hard year may be in land was acting lllega~ly in violation · of a ruling by the World Court. This is true, al­ store for the Russian people on account though the World Court has as much to say of the possible failure of food crops in HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI about what goes on in the world as the the hinterlands of Soviet Russia. Secre­ OF n.LINOIS mayor of Muncie, Ind. · tary of Agriculture Earl Butz, recently' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And the Icelanders are behaving unreason­ . made a statement about a long-term ably, he said. This also is true. Part Irish cont~act now under negotiations with Thursday, February 19, 1976 but mostly Viking, the Icelanders, when the Soviets to save them from complete Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, too angry, can be the most unreasonable people failure of the Communists as far as the in the world. food production to feed its enslaved pop­ often we become engrossed in the dra­ But, finally he got to the meat [or fish] matic headlines of world trouble spots of the matter. The reason the British must ulus and prevent a Possible insurrection and forget the lingering problems that continue taking cod from Icelandic waters, from within. I mention this today as should be of major concern to us. One 1:).e said, is that cod is the fish used for Great Lithuanians over the country are com­ such ongoing controversy is the so-called Britain's ubiquitous fish n' chips. memorating the 58th anniversary of cod war between Iceland and Great "Actually, we could use mackerel, which their independence. Britain in which the major loser may be abound in British waters,'' he said. "But it I think it is time that the Russian the United States if the Icelanders, in would taste quite different and the people leaders admit that their system of food their frustration, close down the NATO just wouldn't stand for it." production in the vast land domain has So there it is. Though the Icelanders might base on their island. be driven to subsisting on s}:leep meat and been a failure. If nations like Lithuania Michael Kilian, a Chicago Tribune col­ moss, the British man in the street must and other nations under the Russian umnist, is a perceptive student of the have the right tasting fish n' chips-a situa­ tyranny were given the freedom which international scene, and in a recent tion analogous to America .going to war over they enjoyed for so many years and this hard-working, fact-:flnding mission in the cheeseburger. would apply to the population in the E:urope, he analyzed the cod war, in· a I ·think I shall volunteer for the Icelandic rural areas of Russia, there is no reason very dramatic fashion. navy. why the Soviet leaders would be·crying to The article follows: , the United States and other free nations COD A CHIP ON BRITAIN'S SHOULDERS for help to feed its unfortunate subjects FIGHT FOR LITHUANIAN INDE­ and population. (By Michael Kilian) PENDENCE CONTINUES . LoNDON.-Would America go to war over The Republic of Lithuania was forcibly the cheeseburger? occupied and illegally annexed by the Would we commit our naval forces to Communists back in 1940 in violation of action to preserve the hot dog? HON. RAY J. MADDEN all existing treaties and principles of in­ Actually, considering the craven manner OF INDIANA ternational law. Lithuania today after in which Congress has been voting on mili­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES having enjoyed all the freedom and ex­ tary aid and defense measures, it is doubtful hibiting all the intelligence and compe­ that we'd go to war over the seizure of Los Thursday, February 19, 1976 tency w govern its own ·people through ·Angeles by Panama. Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, it is very But the same cannot be said of once Great · education, religious teachings, progress Britain, which has gone to war over the cod. fitting and proper that 0 1ir Nation again and government cooperation could with­ For those of you who have not kept up he alerted to the fact that many coun­ in a very short time resume its place as with this thrilling saga, the cod ts an un­ tries over the globe are today under the one of the great nations of central Eu­ lovely but edible fish which could once be heel of international communistic tyr­ rope if the Kremlin would withdraw from found in large numbers swimming about the anny and being deprived of a free and its borders. I firmly believe that the time waters surrounding Iceland. independent · government. Lithuania is has come when our Nation as leader of Because so many other nations have been one of these nations, who over the cen­ taking cod from these waters, its stocks the free world through the power of our have become dangerously depleted. So Ice­ turies has possessed at various long in­ economic position and the flagrant fail­ land, which depends heavily on cod fishing tervals freedom and self government, but ure of the Communist position in de­ for its economy, last year extended its ter­ unfortunately, over the years has been pending on food from the free world ritorial fishing waters from 50 to 200 miles enslaved by stronger neighboring nations that we should make forward steps on and ordered everyone else out. who aggressed .upon .the liberty loving some international bargaining toward The Germans, who are a sensible people in people of Lithuania and robbed them of freeing Lithuania and other nations between world wars, agreed to reduce their their heritage and independence. catch, but Great Britain wouldn't stand for which were so willfully and maliciously it. British trawlers continued to fish ln these Our Nation must in the future keep to conquered and enslaved back in the days waters and all manner of tugs and Royal the forefront in fighting for the cause of World War II. Navy warships were sent in to protect the of enslaved nations, such as Lithuania, trawlers from Iceland's mighty fleet of five and use our powers, not necessarily our little gunboats. Armed Forces, but it can effectively help Though hardly a Battle of Jutland, the nations like Lithuania through our pow­ UNITED STATES MUST WORK TO rammlngs, bumpings, slashings, and oc­ erful economic pasition, 'especially the PREVENT PARTITION OF CYPRUS casional shelllngs that ensued have been European situation which the Commu­ BY TURKEY called the Anglo-Icelandic Cod War. The nist leaders and especially the Soviet Ic~landic prime minister came to Britain for talks, but these concluded with, as one Union is and has been on the verge of HON. MARIO BIAGGI British headline writer put it: "The Cod­ internal trouble because of its complete OF NEW YORK father Departs in Icy Mood." failure of its agricultural industry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ho ho. Being typically American, I have Lenin, the pioneer leader of the Com­ sided with the little guy. Noting that a Bri­ munist movement, over 50 years ago, Thursday, February 19, 1976 tish triumph in the Cod War could wipe proclaimed that some day communism Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, as the new out Iceland's entire economy, I have won­ would rule the world, but the only dark round of intercommunal talks between dered in my column and elsewhere in print cloud facing their goal was the problem why a big nation of 56 million people would representatives of Greece antj, Turkey be so rough with a tiny one with only of food production and agriculture. We resume in Vienna, I wish to inform my 210,000. have been witnes:sing during the last 4 or colleagues of a most disconcerting article To explain things-which is to say, per­ 5 years Lenin's prophecy coming true. In published in the Cyprus Bulletin discus­ suade me to stop writing such columns­ 1972-73 t}le urban areas of the Soviet sing Turkey's alleged aim to partition the Great British government arranged a Union were on the verge of food riots and Cyprus as a means to restoring peace to luncheon here for me with a Foreign Office it is very difficult to predict what might the island. fishing official [FOFO}. have been the outcome had the United Our Nation must oppose this plan. We, It was a splendid meal. I had eggs and the States through our executive and ag­ who were in the forefront of opposition FOFO had fish-not, thankfully, cod, but another species called Buckley, perhaps be­ riculture departments not negotiated to Turkey's invasion and occupattion of cause it bears a surprising resemblance to with the Soviets and sent multimil­ Cyprus, and who led the fight to cut off an American newspaper columnist of the lions of tons of grain and foodstuffs arms to Turkey, must now call upon the same name. to relieve the situation. Only 2 weeks ago, Congress and the administration to pre- 3952 E.... TENSIONS OF REMARKS Februa'fy t!J, 1976

vent still another abuse of the Cypriot Cyprus and the prospect of the forthcoming United Nations Media.tor Dr. Galo Pta.za and people's rights by Tmkey. Partitioning intercommunal talks, during a Lions gather­ appears in Dr. Pla.m's report of 26th March of Cyprus would be against the will of the ing in Nicosia on Monday, January 26. He 1965, to the United Na.tlons Secretary-Gen­ people, as well as many of us in the Con­ said: eral. The plan as ca.n he seen in Dr. Plaza's gress, who remain in unequivocable sup­ As you are aware efforts are still being repon, covers essentially the same area which made for the resumption of the intercom­ is now unde1· the occupe,tion of the invading port of maintaining the territorial integ­ munal talks, which had been interrupted in forces. It is the very same area always coveted rity of Cyprus .. September last year, following the failure of by Turkey. More than 1 % years have passed the Turkish Cypriot Representative to sub­ TURKISH CYPRIOTS PA NS since the illegal Turkish invasion a~d mit a.t the New York round of talks overall As I have already mentioned, Tu:rkey's al­ occupation of Cyprus, and the IS­ proposals for the solution of the Cyprus problem, despite his previous promises given legation that her troops came to cyprus to land is stm·ravaged by poverty, despair safeguard the life and property of the TUrk­ and suffe1ing. It was felt that the agree­ t< the Secretary-General in Vienna and in spite of the fact that the Greek-Cypriot Rep­ isl'l.-Cypriots is entirely false and grossly mis­ ment signed by Greece and Turkey on resentative had already tabled his side's pro­ leading. Turkey's policy and condu~t with August 2, 1975, would be beneficial in posals. There is a possibility that, following regard to the Turkish-Cyprit>ts, bc>lh before relieving the plight of the 200,000 Greek strenuous efforts by· Dr. Waldheim and and after her aggressive invasions., ha.v nothing to do with their welfare-. The$e, she refugees on ·the island. Among other pro­ others, the talks wil! soon be resumed under for has been using only as pawns in n un· visions this agreement called the re­ the auspices and direction of the Secretary­ savoury game. The policy of self-segregation unification of endaved Greek: Cypriot General. Therefore, r consider it opportune imposed by Ankara since 1963 on the Turk­ families living in Turkish held areas. to make an assessment of the prospects of ish-Cypriots, through their leadership, had the ·e talks, having regard to Turkey's policy This provision has not been honored by caused them a number of depl'i atii>ns. and Turkey. Conside1· the fact that 937 appli­ on Cyprus, as is clearly shown by past history had no other reason than the- pursuance of and her recent relevant actfons and conduct. cations were filed by Greek Cypriots for TUrkey.'s pa.rtitionist designs. It; is also Jll. pur~ In the foreign poUey of states on any im­ reunification of their families. Of these, sua.nce of this poll of partitio that 'I'uli:ey portant issue there are to be found constants iprooted and is uprooting the G:reek.-Cyp:rloi only 398 were accepted, another 310 were and variants. Constants are those unchange­ rejected for security reasons, while he population from the occupie.d areas and~ s able principles, which guide their policy on embarked upon a process of systematic col­ i·emaining 229 applications are still a particular issue whilst variants aa·e those onization of the area in question by impor­ under "consideration.n aspects whicl1 vary from time to time a11d tation of mainland Turks. This colonization What's more, to this day, there is still can affect the constants. It is important to has been at the expense not only e>:f the up­ no Greek doctor in one of the largest state at this juncture tha.t in the pursuance rooted indigenous popula.tion but also to the of the constants, Governments exert every immense detriment of tbe Turkish-Cypriots, Greek communities controlled by Tur­ effort to change, by suitable manoeuvrings, key Karpass. This, combined with con­ for whose sake she allegedly in-va.q.ed Cyprus. those variants which in their opinion affect The purport of this colonization 1s . to tin~ed reports of violations of basic the constants adversely. human rights, casts serious doubt on change the demographic character ot the It has been sought to represent the Turkish island and pave the way for the annexation 1g Turkey's sincerity in worlting for lasti policy over Cyprus a.5 based on two constant by, Turkey of the occupied area. as part of peace on Cyprus. principles: her expansionist policy over Cyprus. It has now been more than 3 months 1. To prevent Cyprus from coming under Iu this respect, it is revealing that the so­ since the Congress voted to lift the arms the soverignty of Greece; and called "Constitution of the Turkish State of emba1·go against Turkey. This action 2. to safeguard the life and property of tlle Cyprus" provides that the "Turkish Cypri-0t was taken, in the hope that it would pro­ T u·kish Cypriots. Community constitutes the inseparable part It is in our view true that one of Tur ·ey's of the Great Turkish Nation.". It is also char­ vide new incentives for Turkey to nego­ objectives with regard to the Cyprus prob­ tiate seriously for peace. Regrettably, acteristic that the oath to be 1lake.n in the so­ lem is to block ENOSIS, but Turkey's claim called '(urkish Cypriot .Assembly is one of this has not been the case. While TUrkey that her troops came to Cyprus to secure the allegiance to the "principles of Ataiurk" and has made a number of cosmetic gestures.. ife and property of the- Turkish Cypriots is not to those of the Republic o:f Cyprus. And they have not proposed any meaningfuJ flagrantly untrue and intentionally mislead­ it is significant to. note that in all relev nt terms for peace. In fact. th y have made ing. The real objective of Turkey over Cyprus provi ions, the members of the Turltisb a. mockery of the attempts in that is the partitioning of the island, based on Cypriot Community are described as "Turk­ direction. geopolitical and strategic considerations. ish Citizens", whilst the expelled indigenous It is imJ)erative hat the Congress, and PARTI'rION THE Aillli Greek Cypriot population ru;e defined as '£11~ t partition has been Turkey's aim fol' "a.liens". The Greek Cypriots are also divested particularly the International Relations of all rights to their properties.. It. is a. sad in many yeai-s past, the:re can be little doubt. Committee, iollow the events Vienna Statements by i·esPQnsible Turkish leaders reality that for all in.tents. and purposes 'lur­ ery carefully. At present, ihe Commit~ and official documents provide a.mple evi­ key and her 111.s\ruments in Cyprus. are build­ tee i marking up the Security Assist .. dence of this.. ing p in t11e occupied a.rea t>f Cyprus a. new ar:ce Act of 1976, which may eventually As early ::is 1955, tl1e then Foreign Minister province of Turkey at the expenoo f the contain military aid for both Greece and of Turkey, the late Zorlu, made no secret o.t Cypriots.. Greek and Turkish alike, ooth em­ Turkey. While it is true that we ha.ve the- Tripartite Conference on Eastern Med­ m mi ties suffering alike under the boot f liftec: the arms embargo against Turkey, iterranean and Cyprus, held in London In the Anat lla.n soldier. she should not believe for a moment, that August-September 1955, that Ttu·key had INTERCOMMUNAL TALKS claims on Cyprus. :Mr. Kemal Satir, former. ibis is irreversible. If she shows no ~igns It has also been for the purIJ()l:Je of con­ of seriously 1:''0rking for peace, or fails Prime Minister of 'lill'key, in a public state­ solidating her position In the occupied area, ment iu 1964 said "Cyprus wm be divided in­ that Turkey had rendered devoid of an:9 sub­ to adhere to agreements, then we in turn, to two sections one of which will join Tur­ stance the intercommunal negotiatious should :reconsider future aid requests key". In June 1964, Mr. Erkin, then Foreign which had started in January 19175. It is for from Turkey. Minister of Turkey, '\v11s clearly spelling out. the same reason that she chose to ignore th The situation in Cyprus has been per­ the real intentions of Turkey when he said in United Nations resolutions on Cypru::;. which mitted to continue fo1· far too long. We a newspaper inteirview "The radical solution prO'ldde the basis for a just and equitable have attempted t-0 respond to the plight would be to c.ede one part of C p1·us to Greece solution of the cyprus p1•oblem to the bene­ and the other closest to the Turkish Asiatic fit of all the peopl& of Cyprus. of the Cypriot refugees. My amendments co.a.st, to Turkey". 1975 'I'he facts to hicll I have :referre can:not to the Foreign Assistance Act of Hardly three months later, on 8th Septem­ give rise to optimism that Turkey will pro­ provided $25 million in emergency aid to ber 1964, the then Prim.e Minister of Turkey cee to meaningful and constructive negotia­ Cyprus. This year, the figure will be at the late Ism.et Inonu, addressing the Turkish tiom;, unl'ess certain aspects surround1ng the least $30 million. Those close to the National Assembly, with reference to the Cyprus problem-the variants oo which I scene, realize that no lasting peace c~n Geneva talks of that year, so.id "officially we referred at the beginning of my spcech­ be, achieved until Turkey withdraws her promoted the federation concept, ra.the1· than would acquire such momentum and impor­ illegal occupational forces, and begins to the partition thesis so as to remain within tan<.:e for the wider natio _al interests of respect the territorial integrity of the provisions of the Treaties", meaning the Turkey as to influence her ba ·ic poli ·y nn Cyprus. I urge all of my colleagues to Treaties by which the Republic of Cyprus Cyp s. carefully read the following article en­ was established. ARMS EMBirnGO In a secret document issued on the 18th One of these variants is the Ameri a.n titled, •·partition Turkey's Firm Aim"': April 1964 by Ankara the partitionist plan arms embargo. Congress in February 1975, [From Cyprus Bulletin, February. 4~ 1976] o! Turkey, named since then the ATTILA despite the opposition of' the United Stat s PARTITION TullKEY'S FIRM AIM PLAN, is clearly laid on&. This plan was sub­ Administration, imposed an arms embargo The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ioannis mitted in 1965 by the then Vice-President of on Turkey because she had illegally used the Ct.ristophides, spoke on Turkey's policy on the Republic, Dr. Fa.zil Kutchuk to the U.S. weapons to invade Cyprus. There ls no Febr-um·y 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3953 doubt that the embargo did hurt Turkey's aiming at a just and viable solution in ac­ cedure. Among them is the proJ>Osal I am wlder national interests, as understood by cordance with the relevant United Nations submitting to my colleagues t.oday. her military overlords. Prior to that, Con­ resolutions. gress had put off the embargo for nine The Nation cannot afford election year months to give the U.S. Administration time letdowns by the Congress. Its proceedings t.o persuade Turkey to hold talks for the ELECTION YEAR ABSENTEEISM IN should not be reduced to a carnival of peaceful settlement of the Cyprus problem CONGRESS charges and revelations. My resolution but Ankara refused to give in. In October, would strengthen its functions by remov­ 1975, Congress lifted the embargo and gave ing the temptation for any candidate to another chance to President Ford and Dr. HON. JOHN J. RHODES use the leverage of an influential position Kissinger to prove that they could influence OF ARIZONA in the House or Senate for personal po­ Turkey to negotiate meaningfully and con­ litical gain. structively. Turkey was then put on notice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As a constitutional amendment it that if she "adopts an uncoustrµctive or Thursda.y, February 19, 1976 Inflexible attitude" in the Cyprus talks, the would, of course, need to be ratified. by Administration would not be in a position M1-. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the work three-fourths of the States, and would to avert the re-enactment of the embargo. of Congress is being damaged by the ab­ take effect 2 years following such ap­ Such a failure, solemnly stated before Con­ sence of duly elected Members of this proval. It also provides for operation of gress by Under-Secretary of State Joseph body who neglect their duties while en­ the 25th amendment, since that would Sisco, "would go to the heart of the Ameri- . not involve elective office. can-Turkish rela.tiouship". gaged in pursuing the nomination for Over three months have elapsed since the President. Recent polls have· revealed that public 11:!.ting of. the embargo and Turkey ha:;; not This problem is not unique this year. respect for the ·Congress has deteriorated shown any sign of wishing to negotiate mean­ The Library of Congre s reports that this markedly over the past decade. I believe ingfully. Would it be that she does not take has been an election year practice for that we should exert every effort to re­ seriously the warnings of the U.S. Adminis­ many years. To remedy this shortfall in gain the confidence of the American peo­ tration? Would it be that she believes that legislative function, I am today introduc­ ple in the actions and judgment of this she can continue to blackmail the United ing a joint resolution which proposes a lawmaking branch. My resolution would States by using the Ame1·ican military bases constitutional amendment that would be a firm step in that direction. I urge in TUrk~y as hostages in order to force the U.S. to change its principles of arms sales? preclude any ·Member of the Congress my colleagues to give it thoughtful oon- Or is Turkey followJng a policy of brinkman­ from taking office as President or Vice ideration, to approve it, and send it along ship? The date of reckoning is approaching. President until 2 years after the last to the States, so that the American peo­ The Turkish side's attitude at the inter­ date of service in the Congress. ple may express their views on how Con­ communal talks will show which way Turkey Going back to 1960, the fall-off in par­ gress should conduct its operations dur­ wishes to go and President Ford's relevant ticipation has been severe among those ing the preelection season. report to Congress will demonstrate how Turkey interprets the wishes of the American seeking Presidential consideration. One Congress. major candidate dropped from 77 percent INTERNAL REPb&CUSSIONS to 35 percent of rollcall votes. In 1968, The problem of Cyprus has also its internal one candidate dropped from 66 percent VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST repercussions in Turkey where student un­ the year before to 5 percent during his rest is prevalent and tempers among the po­ election year quest. A rw1down of the litical parties run high. Cyprus becomes the major candid.ates dming this period in­ HON. MARK ANDREWS object of exploitation among opposing fac­ dicates that the failure to answer rollcalls tions and parties, thus diminishing the abil­ ranged anywhere from a 30- to 80-per­ OF NORTH DAKOTA ity of the Turkish Government to deal effec­ cent drop. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE~'"TATIVES tively with. internal unrest. Thursday, February 19, 1976 Another aspect is the cost involved in keep­ I believe this is unfair to the con­ ing a large army in CypntS. It may be argued stituencies that elected these people to Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. that the extra cost of maintaining the Turk­ do a job of representing them. Certainly, Speaker, I want to share with my House ish troops in Cyprus is not much. But even roll-call votes are the ultimate measme colleagues an inspiring message written such comparatively small additional expend­ of decision by the Congress. One or two by one of my young oonstituen~~ Kim iture becomes important t-0 a country with votes often are decisive, and good legis­ Marshall of Burlington, N. Dak. Kim, a an ailing economy. lation can be defeated, or Poor legisla­ Yet another variant which logically speak­ 17-year-<>ld high school senior, was one ing must have an influence on the Turkish tion passed simply by the absence of of 50 State winners in the 29th annual Government's attitude towards the Cyprus Members who are otr in the hustings Voice of Democracy Scholarship pro­ problem, is Turkey's international isolation. trying to line up delegates. gram sponsored by the Veterans of For­ The last vote on Cyprus at the United Na­ Since many of the aspirants have con­ eign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary. tions must have brought home to the Turk­ siderable seniority in the House and Sen­ Nearly a half-million students from ish Government that it cannot ignore for ate, they often hold key committee chair­ long world public opinion and continue to more than 8,000 secondary schools par­ manships. Their protracted leave ham­ ticipated in this year's contest. The VFW behave scandalously. The moral force of the pers the work schedule of the committees non-aligned. world, the positive stand of the is to be commended for its continued Soviet Union and other countries and the affected, and can hold back serious con­ sponsorship of this very worthwhile ef­ urges and appeals by Turkey's constructive sidei·ation of vitally needed national leg- fort which affords young Americans an negotiations, constitute factors, which Tur­ islation. . opportunity to express, in their own key has to take into serious conside1-ation. In short, the state of affairs we have words, a patriotic feeling for our country Furthermore, the relevant views of the Euro­ witnessed this year should not be the gen­ and for the principles which make it pean Economic Community must be another eral rule of operation for the legislative influencing factor in Turkey's policy on Cy- great. branch of government. My resolution is Kim, who plans to become an elemen­ prus. aimed at a more effective and business­ PRESSURE tary school teacher, expresses her love like Congress. It also would prevent much for America in clear, concise and mean­ It remains to be seen to what extent the of the superfluous and unwholesome countries to which I ha.ve referred will be pre­ ingful terms. The text of her winning pared or able to put effective pressure on hearing process which some candidates speech fallows: have used as a publicity springboard, Turkey for the purpose of showing reason VOICE OF DEl\IOCRACY and moderation in the negotiations for the without due regard to the subject matter solution of the Cyprus problem. covered, or the national interest. America the Beautiful! Ame1·ica the Great! It also remains to be seen whether Turkey What more could I ask of my country. I am All of us who serve in this great body so proud of and thankful to all those peop!e accepts the negotiating process as the best should be involved in devising means to means through which a just solution to the who have made America what it is today. I problem can be found or whether she will improve its deliberations and processes. must realize how fortunate I am to be able only be using the talks a.s a means to come The election yea1· slump has been of great to choose the religion I want for myself. out of her int-ernatlonal isolation and guard concern to me for some time. In my book, Someday I will be indeed grateful that this off world pressures. "The Futile System" which will be pub­ privilege will be granted to. my children. What a privilege it is to have the right to Despite the pessimistic outlook of the lished in May, I am proposing several re­ forthcoming intercommunal talks, we shall fl'eedom of speech and press. Only when I forms which I believe will rectify some of infringe on the rights of others will this right proceed to these in good faith and goodWlll. the shortcomings of congressional pro- be dented. CXXII--251-Part 4 3954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februarit 19, 1976 It took the "guts" and patriotism of many "What Our Bicentennial Heritage Means mat that supported the favorite spittoon of mlln to ·develop America. Many people take · to Me." She salutes the strength of the Senator "Cotton Ed" Smith of South (:aro­ advantage of their. privileges and, yes, some American character that enables us to lina. even abuse them. Others understand the And now it is the grandchildren of those many situations and the hard endurances prevail in times of stress and crisis. young, apple-eating patriots, my own gen­ which were encountered by many forefathers. Janet, herself, is a tribute to the Amer­ eration, that is being called t:o incorporate These people, truly great American citizens, ican character. For 2 years she has par­ the character traits that our Bicentennial did what they could to formulate and enrich ticipated in the Amigos de Las Americas heritage offers .us. our country. We must recall our foref~thers prpgram to provide immunization and One evening in 1970 I was thumbing, who worked diligently and fought courage­ medical assistance in Latin America. She through one of my father's business maga­ ously to uphold the rights we seem to "take spent the summer of 1974 vaccinating zines, and I came across a commentary for granted." Perhaps, we need to "go with­ printed in an advertisement of the Warner out" just one right before we will realize the children along the Amazon River in and Swasey Company. It had such a profound importance of their struggle. Colombia and last summer in the rural effect upon me, even as a sixth grader, that Looking at other countries, I realize that areas of Nicaragua. Her own personal I was compelled to cut and save it. It read: I am very fortunate to have been born and · goal in life is medicine and she has the "Heaven seems so beautiful. But the path raised in The United States of America. Some determination to achieve it. there is long and hard, maybe we can't make people have limited freedoms and some have I am proud to commend to my col­ it there from .here . . . until we're willing to no freedom at all. Our country has been free leagues the winning essay of Janet give as much as we get." for 200 years I Why aren't people showing These two sentences express what our Bi­ Davis: centennial heritage is all about. And I am patriotism and loyalty to THEIR country? It VOICE OF DEMOCRACY Is the PEOPLE'S country! Why don't . they confident that if each one of us will put our On May 18, 1776, an article appeared ill. care? Many foreigners would "love" to ll~e in inherited character strengths to complete America. but cannot seem to escape from the Pennsylvania Evening Post making it use, the United States will be as htiavenly an their country. People have to care. Personal known to the citizens of Philadelphia that inheritance for future generations as it is concern by citizens will provide stability tn the American Army was in desperate need for me. our government. A strong government makes of lead to be used as ammunition in defense it impossible for foreign countries to attack of our country. Philadelphians responded and seize control. We are free and we .must with lead from every imag1:1;1able sourc.e; ANGOLA'S STRATEGIC IMPLICA- · Many colonists even volunteered the lead Tl:IE continue to be free. We do not wish or want ' weights from the clocks that had kept pace TIONS FOR UNITED S'l'ATES to lose our freedom of religion, speech, and with their lives and the lives of their parents press. People have to get involved I Not just before them. HON. ALPHONZO BELL people, in general, but every citizen in this When God made these early Americans, Is OF CALIFORNIA great nation. Apathy what we must he did not break the mold I . overcome. This richnes& of character is our Bicenten­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are many ways that I, a 17 year old nial heritage. This sense of responsibility, Thursday, February 19, 1976 high school senior, can demonstrate my pride, loyalty, respect, self-denial, and pa­ patriotic feelings for my country. I am will­ triotism is inherited by every American at BELL. ing to participate in Bicentennial celebra­ Mr. Mr. Speaker, I recommend birth. Our magnificent history proves this for the attention of my colleagues in the tions. Perhaps I can take part in a historical to be true, for never have Americans failed play, or maybe-I could· sing "Happy Birth­ Congress a very provocative assessment to respond to the needs of their country. of the strategic implications of Angola day, America." A visit with an elderly person Of course, we have all heard of the heroics who can convey a first hand report on the ·and contributions of the big name Ameri­ for the United States made recently by history of my homeland might also be in­ cans: George Washington, John Paul Jones, Mr. Eugene W. Murphy, vice president teresting. Raising the U.S. flag in our farm Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, and count­ international of the Lifesaver Products yard might increase a feeling of patriotism less more. These men played a tremendous Corp., in an address delivered to the Los among my family members. role in the development of our country; but Angeles Chamber of Commerce. We must strive to be people with positive the people like these Philadelphians, the attitudes. Each of us must think positively Mr. Murphy's analysis of the ramifica­ common citizens, are what have made the tions of U.S. actions in Angola for the about our great nation. Negative thoughts United States of America an uncommon will not bring positive actions. We must be country. Where else in the world can we find future of our foreign policy and his dis­ willing to "do our part." We, as yotmg citi­ a country of people of such diversity of back­ cussion of the Angola situation as it re­ zens, must strive to become involved in the ground living peacefully under the roof of lates to our foi·eign trade will be of great various aspects of government. We must be..: one democratic government? Where else can interest to Members concerned with this come or continue to be informed of the nu­ we find a people willing to sacrifice so much critical situation. merous concerns which face the people of for the common cause, paying whatever price The complete text of Mr. Murphy's ad­ the U.S. It is the responsibility of each indi­ necessary to preserve human rights? . dress follows: vidual to study the platforms of each mem­ And our list of rights guaranteed by the ber of a slate of candidates for any political United States Constitution goes on and on: [Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, Feb. 4, office, whether it be of the local, state or freedom of religion, speech and the press, 1976) federal level. A well-informed voter is surely security, free enterprise, life, liberty and the "ANGOLA-l'!'S STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR a better voter. Yes, indeed, there are many pursuit of happiness. But may we never be­ THE UNITED STATES" ways to show patriotism for the United come so obsessed with these rights that we (By Eugene W. Murphy, vice president inter­ States of America. America is Beautiful! forget about the duties that we have to pre­ national Lifesaver Products Corp.) America is Great I serve and defend them. We must remember When Mr. Bandt was kind enough to ask our inherited strength of character and real­ me to speak to you today on Angola, I ize the obligation to give as well as take. jumped at the opportunity because not only An article from Life magazine, February ls it very much in the news, but it is a sub­ JANET DA VIS-ARIZONA'S VOICE OF 21, 1918, expressed this sentiment in a. clever ject about which very little is known. It DEMOCRACY WINNER way. It suggested: seems also that we have jumped to a number "Do not permit your children to take a of conclusions regarding the United States• bite or two from an apple and throw the rest interest in this area and in the present con­ away; nowadays even children roust be flict taking place there. Therefore, I would HON. MORRIS K. UDALL taught to be patriotic to the core." like very much to discuss Angola, but in the OF ARIZONA It was these Americans that had little if context of several premises and on a much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES any sugar or wheat on their tables during the broader scale than just a treatise on Angola World War I years so that the United States Thursday, February 19, 1976 could support its troops and allied nations at itself. The first premise that I would like to de­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, it is the war. It was the children of these same Ameri­ velop is that our foreign trade represents an cans that during World War II participated important contribution to the gross national common citizens of the U.S. who have in what has been called "the biggest scaven­ made ours an uncommon country. product in terms of millions of jobs, foreign ger hunt in llistory," ransacking old fields exchange earnings, and many other intangi­ This is the proud message of Janet and attics for items that could be used in ble benefits. Equally, that foreign trade can Louise Davis of Tucson, the Arizona win­ making armaments. The united efforts of only be carried out under the umbrella of a ner of this year's Voice of Democracy common people like you and me resulted in coherent long-range foreign policy with its contest sponsored by the Veterans of the collection of 5,000 tons of car tires from attendant requirements, historic perceptf.on, Foreign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary. Los Angeles, 6 tons of rubber shoe heels from military capacity and diplomatic initiatives. Janet, a Rincon High School senior, Seattle, thousands of empty toothpaste tubes, Also, equally, that a national moral commit­ writes optimistically on the theme, rusty baby carriages, and even the rubber ment be developed to support our political '

Februa1·y 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3955 persuasions, and certainly, there is ample bundu, .who occupy the terrain inland from lion a year in commercial gem quality and evidence that there ls confusion in the latter Luanda, are culturally ( tho~gh not ethnic­ industrial di~monds. It might also astonish area.. To this end, Angola serves as an ex­ ally) related to the Bakongri. These are com­ you to discover that there are proven reserves cellent contemporary model as it impacts mitted to the M.P.L.A., a· Marxist-dominated , at that rate of productie>n in excess of 100 directly and tangentially to all o! these group, headed by Dr. Neto and they comprise yea.rs. The oil production came, by the way, points. · · about 25% of the total population. The oth­ !rom proven area8 already exploited by the When I returned to America late in the ers, Chokwe and so forth, break down into Gulf Oil Corporation. But last year, while I past year, after three trips totalling five minority groups, but suffice it to say that was visiting Angola, five new major oil dis­ months in the country, I discovered Angola about 70 % of the population are in com­ coveries were made. A little shopping list of was slowly surfacing in the consciousness of mitment to groups which are primarily anti• what else exists in the country sh-0uld be of' the American people. However, I found our Communist. interest to you: copper, manganese ore, legislative, bureaucratic and media personnel Portuguese is the lingua franca today, be­ gypsum, salt, gold, cement, mica, uranium, taking hard line positions and making unreal cause no one African language extends be­ bauxite, lumber, and fish, to name but a few, and invidious parallels to Vietnam and Korea yond the tribal area. and these reserves are not yet identified. As and many others which are not germane to I make no reference to ideological separa­ I pointed out, the country is under-popu­ the true considerations of the problem. tion deliberately. With the 15% literacy in lated and under-explored and we· therefore Many of the opinions I wish to express to­ the total population, most people_would not have no idea of the potential wealth. day are conditioned by my exposure over the know an ideology if they fell over it. Conceivably, however, Angola might pos­ last 25 years in international activities. Be­ It is a thoroughly delightful country to sibly be one of the richest nations in the fore you come to the conclusion that you visit and to tour. Imagine a country more world and certainly in Africa. More impor­ have another 'hawk' on your hands, let me than twice the size of Texas-a land border tantly,· to me, one of the fascinating riches put that to rest. 293 combat missions in in excess of 3,000 miles--a coast line stretch­ of Angola ·is its geographical position. World War II in the R.A.F. and in the Ameri­ ing for 1,000 miles. It ls bounded on the north When one looks at Africa, and particularly can Air Force, a year fiying the Berlin air by the Congo River, on the ea.stern borders the position of Angola in Africa in relation lift, Korea, as a civilian observer in Vietnam, by Zaire and Zambia, and to the south, to South America, you discover that it is Oa.mbodia, and Laos, plus assorted adven­ Southwest Africa. It has a small narrow strip possible to foresee a whole new trade route­ tures in India, Pakistan, Indonesia, guerrilla to the north called Cabinda, surrounded by one never explored before, or at least not warfare in Malaysia, Thailand, Algeria, under Congo (Brazzaville) (Communist), Zaire and since the 17th century, and that is' the coun­ personal conditions which can only be char­ the Atlantic Ocean. Angola is fourteen times try of Brazil and its relationship. to Angola. acterized as t-0tal terror, give me gainsay to the size of Portugal, and parenthetically. Bra.zil, of course, as I told you, has over one becoming a sincere peace-lover. Fortunately, when Portugal surrended to Angola, they million Angolans as part of its population or unfortunately, these activities have given gave up one-sixth of their entire gross na­ base, Brazil, in effect, can really speak for me a close-hand view of the ex.tension of the tional product! Imagine the chaos if we were South America because it is the richest coun­ alien philosophy known as communism in to make the same sacrifice! try--one that is dynamically developing itself substantial areas of Ea.stern Europe, Europe, Angola proper is largely a plateau ranging and will obviously take a. leadership position Africa, the Middle Ea.st, Asia and South in elevation from 3,000 to 5,000 feet above for the whole of South America. Imagine America. sea level. The coastal strip along the Atlantic then, that there is a c.ousin-a step-brother, But first let us discuss Angola-what it is, is generally narrow, rising sharply toward the a half-brother, just across the seas of the where it came from and where it appears to interior. In the west-central region is a high­ South Atlantic-Angola--only 8 hours flying be heading. land area with elevations going up to 7,000 time away, with which they have cultural, Angola is a country in the state of transi­ feet above sea level and a very temperate language, ethnic and blood relationships. It tion, striving to find its proper place in mod­ climate. The Mocamedes Desert is in the is not difficult to foresee, with the advent or ern Africa. But what happens in Africa is the long-range jet airplane, a new trade route south. Cabinda ic:; covered by a dense rain happening in Angola. Its first contact with forest with a tropical climate. developing between Brazil to Angola and the outside world, the first important contact, thence into the Middle East and to Europe. is was through a Portuguese explorer who (in Angola itself situated in the equatorial This is a concept of the future. Let us look 1482) was searching for a new water route and tropical climate zone but because of at today's problems vis-a-vis Angola's geo­ to India. That certainly has a familiar ring the altitudes and the length of the country graphic position. to it. When he sailed into the mouth of the and cold ocean current which flows past the Angola, at this very moment, because of Congo River, Diogo Cao found the land under southern half, the climate varies extensively. its difficulties, is disrupting transport the rule of an African monarch, the king of You really need a sweater in the mountains throughout the whole of central Africa, bit­ the Congo, whose capital is the present day and tropical clothes by the sea. It has ample ting hundreds of black businesses and in­ city of San Salvador. rain and very arable land over great portions dustries which need that transport !or mar­ The initial contacts between Angola and of its terrain. kets or supplies. In Angola today. everything Portugal were friendly, characterized by mu­ With the cries of our politicians ringing is paralyzed. Cotfee plantations have been tual respect. Slaving activities soon, however, in my ears, claiming parallels to Vietnam and closed down-oil production has been closed led to the deterioration of the Portuguese other places in the world that there is no down. As you have read in the papers re­ relations with King Alphonso and his suc­ strategic interest for the United States in cently, there is no longer any mining or ex­ cessors. Internal revolts hastened this de­ Angola, I am reminded of several factors: ploitation of the diamond potential'. The vital cline. Meanwhile, the Portuguese expanded (1) Wars are basically economic in origin. Bengvela. Railroad has for several months, their contacts southward along the coast, (2) As I reminded you earlier, America ts halted its operations. Even Mozambique, al ~o founding Luanda in 1576. a trading nation. It behooves us in every in­ by the way under Communist domination, is rn 1641 a Dutch fleet seized the rich slave stance to have a trading relationship With the deteriorating as an organized state. ports of Luanda and Buenguela. The Portu­ minimum number of nations in the western The sufferers !rom this entire problem are guese retreated to the interior. They held out world or rather in the entire world. the blacks who benefited from the schools,· until 1648 when a powerful expedition. from (3) That. we live in a hostile environment. hospitals and infrastructure which had Brazil restored. the coast to Portuguese con­ I would like to point out that we are try­ existed during colonial times. I am not, how­ trol. The slave trade continued t-0 dominate ing as a trading nation, to do business under ever, suggesting that we returu to colonial­ the scene until the middle of the 19th cen­ an umbrella of coherent foreign policy and ism. tury, with Angola serving as a major source we find ourselves on a diminishing list of Some would also list the near collapse of of supply for Brazilian plantations. It has 146 countries of which only 24 are democrat­ the O.A.U., the Organization of African Unity, been estimated that three million Angolan ically elected. as another misfortune in the growing list. o! Africans were transported to the new world I find it fascinating that the last avail­ economic and political catastrophes taking during the three centuries of the slave trade able :figures for the flrst nine months of 1974, place in Africa. today. Zambia and Zaire, con­ activity. More than one million of them to relative to the gross national product and tiguous states of Angola, were in di1Ilculties Brazil alone. export record of Angola, totalled $1.8 billicn. before the Angolan troubles, but now they Angolans are almost entirely Bantu in ori­ TJ:iese comprised 5 Y2 million tons of oil have reached an extremely dangerous eco­ gin and composed of numerous tribal group­ exported primarily to the United States, n mic point, making them more vulnerable ings, but three-fourths of them are ac­ earning for the country, $625 million! Coffee, to subversion. counted by four important tribes: the. Ovim once the principal export, still exceeded $200 Copper prices have plummeted from 1500 Bundu in central and southern Angola is the million in earnings. Incidentally, did you pounds sterling a ton in 1974 to less than 500. largest under the control of the Unitas-a know that Angola has been the :fourth largest pounds a ton today, which is lower than the cost of production. pro-Western political party, headed by Doc­ producer of high quality coffee in the world? tor Savimbi, almost 33 % of the African pop­ Transport is at the root of many ot the~e And we bought nearly 100% of it? Diamonds, problems. It may seem parado-xical that the ulation. The Bakongo in the northwest, cov­ $100 million. Iron ore. $50 million and val"ie­ ering two Congo republics and Ca.binda.. are closing of the port of Lobito in Angola. adds ties of othei· products making up the dif­ to congestion at the port o:f Dar Es Sala.am more than 25% of the Angolan-African pop­ ference-sisal, textiles, cotton, some manu­ in Tanzania, on the far side of the eontinent. ulation. These, in large part, are committed factured goods. The railways in southe11n Africa form a grid. to the F.N.L.A .• a.lso a pro-Western political It might. shock you that in the world mar­ With traffic. blocked in one directicn. it ilows fa. for?" State and local governments, without ad­ Unfortunately in Angola, the Russian I do not bring you today, any panM:ea or dominated MPLA have been attacking the any quick solutions for these problems but equate consideration by the House. This Benguela railway with great frequency. The I am certain that if we enter a second or title was a separate bill passed in the towns change back and forth. Portuguese third century of our development, su1·e1y our Senate and tacked onto the conference managers and technicians have been aban­ moral postures and our positive attitudes report of H.R. 5247, without any hear­ doning their jobs in droves. When I was in must be sufficiently strong to withstand the ings or committee action in the House. Luanda, I watched people by the thousands challenges which we are receiving and not I believe this title has a number of ram­ packing into 747's to flee. meeting all over the globe. I only bring you a ifications on the general revenue sharing Both Zambia and Zaire are in a desperate quarter of a century of exposure to these situation because of the crisis in Angola. problems and regrettably, I bring you a re­ program which have not been examined Normally, Zaire exports about 300,000 tons port of retreat and defeat. fully. Therefore, this title should not be a year of manganese and 200,000 tons of I wlll add one last statement. There are adopted so cavalierly. copper through Lobito. Its other outlet pro­ many people who feel that we should with­ Specifically, this title provides grants ceeds by train, riverboat and trains. This draw totally from the confluence of events to State and local governments experi­ route is slower and much more expensive and in the world and that we should stay on our encing financial difficulties due to the you cannot even handle the back haul sup­ own land, which is rich and blessed by God. recession. However, this concept could ply shipments needed by the miners in Zaire. But I also read enough history to remem­ be used as an argument against the need Zaire is practically bankrupt. In fact, they ber that in medieval times and subsequently, for the general revenue sharing program, don't have enough foreign exchange on hand that when you close the gates of the fortress to finance three weeks of normal import. against the hostile people, the only way the implying that countercyclical assistance It is evident that economic considerations fortress can effectively operate is through a would be adequate. play an important part in Zaire's opposition dictatorial, monolithic control. I don't think I am a strong supporter of the general to a Communist-backed regime in Angola.. I would like to live here like that either. revenue sharing program, having testi­ I feel this myself and maybe even add an fied in favor of its early extension, and unspoken thought that they also covet the believe that countercyclical assistance marvelous resources of Angola. In any case, should be studied carefully to make cer­ Mobutu is not liked by the Russians but he tain it does nothing to interfere with or understands a Red Angola would be in a posi­ H.R. 5247: WRONG DIRECTION tion to use the control of transport arteries AT THE WRONG TIME undermine congressional support for the to squeeze Zaire into whatever shape Russia concept of general revenue sharing. desires. They are already trying to undermine Mr. Speaker, H.R. 5247 takes a step in Zaire through support of the long-dormant the wrong direction at the wrong time. rebels in the eastern provinces. Imagine, HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. This bill would provide far fewer jobs at a therefore, a Red Angola. Don't you think it OF OHIO greater expense than its supporters claim can be strategic? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the strength of the recovery to date Zambia has nearly the same problems. It Thursday, February 19, · 1976 indicates tha·t this legislation is unneces­ is not really going to come out of it unless sary and potentially inflationary. the copper market suddenly picks up. The Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, voting whole copper industry is being cut back. The country is experiencing diffi.culty in shipping against a bill which on its face value its 60,000 tons a month, which is its only would provide thousands of jobs during major foreign exchange earner. a period of high unemployment is not an WARNING TO CONSUMERS Mozambique is already a leftist state. It easy task. However, I believe there are has its own problems trying to carry out an serious difficulties with H.R. 5247, the indoctrination drive, making good commu­ Public Works bill, which would make it HON. PETER A. PEYSER nists of the local citizens. They lack the counterproductive in the long run. There­ OF NEW YORK basio infrastructure and intelllgencia to fore, I will vote today to sustain the Pres­ operate a logical economy. If one makes a ident's veto of this bill. I would like to dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major tour-de-force across Africa, you find an Thursday, February 19, 1976 enormous incursion into the continent-­ cuss the principal provisions of this bill Mall, Guinea, even Nigeria, Libya, Egypt, to explain the reasons for my opposition. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the USDA's Sudan, somalia, Uganda, Mozambique a.nd First of all, the bill is very inflationary. revised beef grading standards will go soon Angola. How many other countries can Because of the extended time needed to into effect on February 23, despite grow­ resist these Russian pressures? find applicants and allocate funds for the ing criticism of the new system from When I review the competitive pressures public works projects, the full impact of that I encounter in the conduct of interna­ consumers throughout the country. tional business, I can't help in a. sense, but this bill would not hit until late 1977 or Sylvia Porter, long time consumer admire the communist attitude. They are 1978. At this time, the economy should be advocate, has written an article sum­ more religious than we. Most communist­ well on the way toward a full recovery marizing what the new system will really oriented children are familiar with Marx. and providing $6.2 billion in Federal mean to consumers-higher prices for How many of us, and for tha;t matter our spending for public sector jobs will put lower quality beef. children, have ever read Adam Smith? a powerful inflationary pressure on the The article follows : I am being constantly reassured by my leg­ economy. YOUR MONEY'S WORTH-CHANGE islative leaders that Russia. will surely fail in its effort in Angola and parallel our failure In addition, these public works jobs are IN MEAT GRADING in Vietnam. I wonder a.bout the implication very expensive because of the admin­ (By Sylvia Porter) of the fact that the CUbans have two divi.. istrative paperwork needed to process On Feb. 23, beef at your supermarket sions, 400 tanks, Mig fighters, ground to a.tr them. The administration has estimated counter that previously carried the U.S. De­ misiles, ground to ground missiles, and rapid­ that these jobs will cost the taxpayer partment of Agriculture's "choice" label well flre automatic equipment. A probable invest­ $25,000 per man-year of employment. may be tagged "prime"-and you wm be ment of $200 to $300 million. I wonder if they paying the higher price the prime label really think, in spite of world criticism, that Second, the jobs provided in this bill commands. this isn't a very modest investment to take are temporary, make-work employment. After prolonged court battles with con­ the entire sub-Sa.hara continent through Rather than providing meaningful per­ sumer groups and various livestock associa­ subversion. But I really ask that question not manent employment, H.R. 5247 is an tions, the USDA is going ahead with changes rhetorically, but rather as a businessman. in its nationwide meat grading standards. All of you, in one way or another, are in­ inefficient, stop-gap measure which Under the new regulations, some bee! now volved in business whether you are bankers merely throws Federal money at the graded as choice wlll be upgraded to prime or brokers, or executives. It the whole con.. problem. I believe we should pursue poli­ and some beef now graded as "good" will tinent of Africa becomes red, where are the cies which allow the economy to continue be upgraded to choice. Februa1·y 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3957 You cannot grasp how heated is the dis­ IKE WILLIAMS-OUTSTANDING rapport at Armstrong, Williams also con­ pute over the wisdom of such a grading re­ YOUNG CITIZEN tributed his vast basketball talent to the vision without understanding how the Pirate program and helped transform the ASC USDA's grading system works. The stand­ program into one o:f national prominence. ards were developed in 1926 by the USDA The Armstrong record book is dotted with as a selling device for cattlemen, packers and HON. BO GINN Willia.ms' name. Heading the list of Wllliams' wholesalers-and as a way to telegraph to OF GEORGIA honors is his three selections as All-American. producers swings in consumer preferences. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Willia.ms was named to the National Associa­ Retailers also used the standards to increase tion of Basketball Coaches All-America team sales-pushing the higher quality and more Thursday, February 19, 1976 and the UPI All-America team his junior year costly grades and downgrading the "good" then made the AP squad his senior year. label. Mr. GINN. Mr. Speaker, on many Williams held the all-time ASC scoring rec­ Beef is graded according to its maturity occasions it is one of our Nation's young ord until Berry broke it this season. Williams and its amount of marbling-or flecks of fat citizens who is the one to show us the scored 2,116 points during his four-year ca­ within the meat. The marbling increases way through difficult times. These young reer at Armstrong. Williams missed starting with the amount of grain an animal is fed people are our Nation's greatest resource, only five games during his four yea.rs at. ASC. and is considered desirable because it makes and they are our brightest hope for the He didn't start his freshman year until the meat more juicy and tender. The older the future. fifth game of the season and missed only one steer, the greater marbling is required. Thus, game after that. Williams sat out the Val­ the more marbling meat has, the higher its I am proud that Mr. Ike Williams, one dosta State game in his sophomore season grade and its cost. . of my constituents, is counted among with a sprained ankle and, predictably, Arm­ The new USDA regulations would raise these outstanding citizens. Mr. Terr:y strong lost, 103-89. the grade of the top third of beef now tagged Bunton of the Savannah News-Press, is Among the records Willia.ms still holds are: as good to choice and the top third of choice the author of a fine news story about most career field goals, 826; single game best up to prime. They also would tighten the Mr. Williams' accomplishments. I as~ field goal percentage, 92.3 per cent; best field standardf' for good grade beef, requiring that it be reprinted in the RECORD at this goal percentage for a sea.son, '71-'72, 61.6 per such meat to contain more marbling. point. cent; best career field goal percentage, 56 per The slight change in marbling require­ cent; most free throws attempted in a. game, ments should cut the costs of producing [From the Savannah News-Press, Sunday, 25 against Columbus College in 1974; tied for choice and prime grade beef, the Agricul­ Feb. 8, 1976) most free throws made, Columbus College, ture Department argues. Cattlemen would be I T's IKE: FORMER PmATE STAR DuE UNIQUE 1974, 19 of 25; career free throws attempted discouraged from adding excess fat to the HONOR BY ScHOOL and made, 454 of 625; most steals in a game, animals by heavy feeding of expensive grains; (By Terry Bun.ton) eight against Savannah State in 1972; most much of the cost of shipping and trimming Ike Williams' accomplishments on the steals in a season, 86, 1971-72; most career excess fat could be avoided; such lower pro­ basketball court are hardly a secret. In fact steals, 262. duction costs would encourage an increase he's something of a legend in the history of Williams, who quickly made fans wherever in the supply of these high-grade. me~ts Savannah basketball. he played, toured Brazil the summer of 1973 and would thereby help to keep price m­ What's generally not wen known is Ike with a team made up of Georgia collegiate crea.Ses under control. Williams' accomplishments off the basketball stars and coached by then-Georgia Tech Generally, consumer groups, representa­ com-t. Specifically, Ike's value to the athletic coach Whack Hyder who had nothing but tives of restaurants and hotels, nutritionists praise for Williams' conduct both on and off program-indeed, the school itself-as a stu­ the court. and other experts agree that production of dent and leader at Armstrong State College. leaner less expensive beef should be en­ Williams, who is currently finishing up Armstrong's rise to prominence closely par­ coura.ged-but they object to the USDA's work at Armstrong on a degree in education, allels Williams' development as a player. method for attaining this goal. Under the will be honored Monday night at halftime Three of the four years Williams played for USDA changes, consumers anxious to buy the Pirates, ASC saw post-sea.son action. leaner meat won't be able to distinguish of the Armstrong State College-West Georgia Twice during Williams' tenure Armstrong game at the Civic Center. went to the District 25 playoffs and once, in it from beef that meets previous sta11da1·ds, The honor to be bestowed on Williams is these groups argue. And while it will be 1975, the Bucs went as far as the NCAA South cheaper for producers to bring leaner .beef totally unique. Willia.ms' jersey number, Regionals. . number 20, will be officially retired, that is, to market, shoppers won't receive any savmgs, If for some reason-and it certainly won't because all prime or choice beef is apt to will never be worn again by a Pirate basket­ be lack o:f ta.lent-Williams doesn't make a be priced identically. ball player. career as a professional basketball player, pro A new grade-called budget or thrifty­ As far a..s is known, no Armstrong player, basketball's loss will certainly be coaching's dating back to the school's founding in 1935, gain since Williams would like to coach some should be created, some consumer spokes­ has ever been so honored. men suggest, so that if you wanted to buy day. leaner, more nutritious, less costly beef, you The signal honor is being bestowed on Other Armstrong players may gain more could understand and could identify what Williams not only for his basketball heroics fame than Williams some day, but Williams you were getting. This grade would be made but for his work, by example and action, in will always have the distinction of being the up of the top third of good and the bottom the area of human relations. first superstar, both as athlete and human third of choice. This proposal was supported Williams and Sam Berry were the first two being, to play for the Pirates. Savannah blacks to play for Armstrong State by the USDA's consumer adviser, Nancy College and as such broke barriers once Ste01'ts, and presidential consumer adviser, thought-and not so long ago-impregnable. Virginia Knauer. The National Livestock and "Ike was a pioneer. He was one of the first Meat Boa.rd, consumer information arm of blacks ever signed by Armstrong, and no one DO YOU REMEMBER? the meat industry, also had no objections can question his accomplishments both as to the- idea. a student and as an athlete," said Coach Bill But the USDA turned thumbs down. Alexander. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS Now, therefore, the Consumer Federation "This (retiring his jersey) is our small OF IDAHO of America., plus representatives of labor token of appreciation. He was always an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and cattle feeders have taken the issue to ambassador of good will for us. A totally Thursday, February 19, 1976 the courts-and actually have filed a re­ outstanding individual. When you have quest that the Supreme Court hear the case. people like Ike, it helps you in so many Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, I'd like to (Slim chance though they have.) Congress ways," said Alexander. offer my colleagues a bit of nostalgia from also has moved into the dispute, with Rep. Williams' eligibility at Armstrong ran out the pages of a Pacific Northwest news­ Peter Peyser, R-N.Y., introducing a. bill at last year and he was promptly drafted by De­ paper. While some will search their t he last session to prevent the USDA from troit of the NBA. Unfortunately, Williams was in the wrong place at the wrong time. S}lort memories with only an occasional :flicker making any changes in beef grade designa­ on guards when he was drafted, the Pistons of interest, I trust that a good many of tions allowing for upgrading and to spur new promptly acquired two all-pro guards, the men and women who serve with me and more descriptive grades. Peyser intends to through trades, Archie Clark and Kevin Por­ will become downright homesick for the resubmit his bill this session. ter. And with Dave Bing still in the picture at kind of America this little test brings to In the meantime, be on guard! Examine guard, as well as two other no-cut rookies, the "choice,'' "prime," "good" grades, mind. Willia.ms found himself out in the cold. Do you remember when: doublecheck your prices. Ask questions about To make matters worse, Williams wasn't new grades and supermarket la.bels. And do Attending college was a privilege rather cut until the last cut came, and it was too than a right? all you can to encourage your local market late for Willia.ms to make a. connection with A farmer could plant what.he wished? to" stock leaner, less costly, "good" grade s01ne other pro team. beef. · Taxes were a nuisance rather than a Through Williams' contributions to racial burden? 3958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 The Supreme Court protected society the Oommittee on Agriculture and the enough to aid those nations that have not rather than the criminals? Committee on Appropriations, that my with literally billions o! dollars every year. The aged were cared for by their children? effort to prevent unnecessary spending However, I intend in no small way to slight Evenings at home were with the family­ my heritage as expressed in ideals and tradi­ not watching cops and bad guys on TV? and wasteful use of tax funds will con­ tion ... for I know, and you know that it Foreign officials visited the White House tinue. It is my belief that the present is these very ideals and feelings expressed without asking for money? peanut program falls into both the above by our forefathers and passed down through We entered a war to win it? categories-it is too expensive and it is tradition that make America what it is. A life sentence didn't mean "parole in wasteful. America wasn't just born with grandeur and 10 years?" majesty! It took industrious, loving and Our fiag was respected-at home and idealistic persons. It took poverty, hunger, abroad? labor and even death . . . to make America America conducted her foreign affairs WHAT OUR BICENTENNIAL HERIT-. the most honored and envied nation in the without consulting the U.N.? AGE MEANS TO ME world. A person went on welfare only out of And so, as .I look back on my heritage on desperation and got off as soon as possible? this, its 200th anniversary, I can only thank Charity was a virtue instead of big God and my predecessors for what they have business? HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER given me in both ideals and material wealth. The doctor's first question was, "Where OF KENTUCKY And I can only strive now to make America does it hurt?" instead of "Do you have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what they dreamt it to be. insurance?" What does my bicentennial heritage mean U.S. Grant was the name of a president Thursday, February 19, 1976 to me? EVERYTHING-my God, my ideals, rather than a federal handout? • Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, I have my happy life. I can only humbly say, I'm Giving aid to the enemy was treason? just read a young man's tribute to his thankftll. (Now it is called foreign aid). country-a tribute which is in itself a Fighting for your country was considered an honor and not something to dod_ge? revelation of a young man's faith. THE RIGHT JOBS BILL Saturday afternoon at the movies was a We are all wont to ponder the future national habit? of our Nation. We take critical measure We had prayers in our schools? and wonder at times if the youth of our HON. GUY VANDER JAGT The churches preached religion instead of country can be equal to the awesome OF MICHIGAN politics? responsibilities and tasks that most lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES You were safe on the streets and in your surely will be theirs. Steven Reed Arm­ home? Thursday, February 19, 1976 The news media presented the truth rather strong, of Fort Knox, high school stu­ than propaganda? dent, Kentucky State winner of the VFW Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, A policeman was a human being instead "Voice of Democracy" contest, has legislating to curb unemployment is one of a fascist pig? quelled any doubt I might have enter­ of the most challenging and exacting of The three R's were reading, writing and tained. In his prize-winning speech congressional endeavors. Indeed, it is ex­ 'rithmetic? "What Our Bicentennial Heritage tremely difficult to legislate into place a A radical had to have a soap box to reach Means to Me," Steve speaks eloquently comprehensive national program that 40 people? Now the news media provides him of his national heritage and of his will create jobs through massive Federal with a microphone to reach 40 million. and, there are more. deep gratitude for what he has as an funding of public works projects while Do you remember? American. avoiding establishment of a ·foundation At this time I submit for your read­ for a new round of inflationary pressures. ing his moving and inspiring words. Congress goal at times such as the pres­ VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ent should be balance. We should seek MOUNTING COSTS OF PEANUT As I sit here in a nice warm room with dependability and stability in the econ­ PROGRAM a full stomach ... fairly decent clothes ... omy, avoiding the "hot shot" actions of and a full mind and spirit, there is only one symbolic impact which will lead us from thing my bicentennial heritage can truly our proper objective. HON. PETER A. PEYSER and sincerely mean to me-overwhelming The trouble with much Federal anti­ gratitude. Even the ability to write this note, recession policy is that its effect comes OF NEW YORK or even to read it fills me with the greatest lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES too late. It spurs the economy when the meaning and. purpose one can have: the love Nation is already getting itself back on Thursday, February 19, 1976 as expressed through gratitude. Not only do I have the ideals created by the right track, thus only creating arti­ Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, nearly 2 my forefathers in an ldealle.ss world, not only ficial forces that contribute to economic years ago in June 1974, I made a.n effort do I have the ability to read in an environ­ instability. in behalf of beleaguered taxpayers to ment where forty percent of the inhabitants At a time of nationwide high unem­ curtail the costs of an outdated peanut cannot read and can barely communicate, ployment, it is tempting to set conscience not only am I the inheritor of well-being in aside, altering perspective to vote in subsidy program. a nation in which the poor are indeed rich; That pea.nut program-ge•ared to a but I have a country (or should I say a favor of "jobs" bills simply because pub­ 1940 acreage and a parity loan level country has me) that cultivates in me the lic opinion overwhelmingly and indis­ based on a 1910-14 yardstick-is com­ love for my God and my brother-that allows criminately supports governmental ac­ pletely outdated. It is a program that me to experience true happiness in a world tion. A Member of Congress represent­ our own watchdog, the GAO, warned filled with misery. ing a district of extraordinarily high Congress about-twice in 5 years-that My heritage in ideals, tradition, and even unemployment might be expected to be a change must be made or the costs blood are indeed great and to a large degree especially sensitive to appeals in support meaningful, but those ideals seem so slight, of such bills, for anything that gives some would be prohibitive. Since that last so insignificant, when placed in the scope of warning in 1973, the taxpayers have the tangible material benefits that are mine promise of stimulating employment is shelled out $121 million in the 1975 fiscal as a result of my mere existence as an Ameri· likely to prove politically popular. He year and over $212 million in this fiscal can. Twenty million persons died last year in may cease to exercise the caution of year, with another $145 million estimated underdeveloped countries and lesser-devel­ asking what the actual impact of a spe­ in fiscal year 1977. oped countries as a result of malnutrition. cific proposal will be on his district or on Two yea1·s ago, we were promised that Few, if any died here in the United States of the Nation as a whole. He may disregard a change of programs was coming; again the same cause. Thousands of foreign refu­ the future. Why worry about tomorrow? gees live in tents, or more accurately under Why should one not seek credit for re­ last year in July 1975 when this body pieces of shredded cloth and newspaper. I was considering the appropriations for doubt if anyone lives in near that state in sponding to today's problems, even if USDA, we were promised that we would America, and if they do, it won't be long only symbolically? get a lower cost peanut program. until someone from the Department of One might also ask about the test Taxpayers need more than political Health, Education and Welfare discovers and properly demanded of bills when they promises-particularly when the delay aids them. Not only am I thankful for the are initially considered in Congress as in performance has already cost hun­ fact that we have such a high standard of compared to their consideration subse­ dreds of millions of dollars. Therefore, I living, but I am oh so thankful to live in quent to a Presidential veto. The Local simply wish to notify my colleagues on a country that, despite its riches, cares Public Works Capital Development and Februa/ry 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3959 Investment Act of 1975 was vetoed by tributed to localities solely on the extent tee was not in any way intended as an President Ford not because he generally to which unemployment exceeds 8 per­ endorsement of that resolution, as my OPPoses legislation to stimulate employ­ cent. vote on final passage should make clear. ment, but because he had concluded Second, H.R. 11860 establishes a pro­ My objection to handing this matter over after careful a.nalysis of this measure gram of countercyclical aid to be ad­ to Rules only reflects my feeling that the that its approach would not achieve its ministered by the Department of Hous­ House should not be engaging in this cha­ objective. The bill's flaws outweighed its ing and Urban Development through the rade in any forum. Although Mr. STRAT­ strengths. In his judgment, the cost to existing mechanisms of the Community TON's "whereas" clauses attempts to the Nation stemming from this bill was Development Act. This is an immediately justify an investigation in terms of the greater than the benefit. Yet, can any­ available conduit through which funds behavior of Daniel Schorr, this resolu­ one seriously doubt that an incumbent could be passed on an accelerated basis tion really panders to those who want to President, seeking a new term of office, to achieve prompt economic stimulation. see the Congress itself discredited as an would veto PoPUlar legislation without In contrast, there is substantial indica­ overseer of U.S. intelligence agencies. I the soundest of reason and conviction? tion that funds under H.R. 524 7 would will have no part in such an effort, and I I believe that in voting to pass a bill not be available to localities for many don't believe we should grace it with over Presidential veto a Member of Con­ months. The funds impact thus would parliamentary niceties. gress must be convinced that it is well be delayed until well into 1977, when most conceived, of assured public benefit and economic forecasts anticipate recovery preferable to existing alternatives. Along to be substantially in progress. Remem­ with approximately 80 percent of the ber, timing is the key to sound anti-re­ A MESSAGE FROM MOBUTU: ZAIRE House, I voted in favor of H.R. 5247 cession pclicy. In this instance, timing • NEEDS U.S. HELP when it was before the House last month. appears to be on the side of the Brown But at that time there was no practical proposal. And furthermore, rather than alternative before us. We heard only of creating administrative overhead and . HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI the jobs its sponsors projected. We were building bureaucracy, H.R. 11860 would OF ILLINOIS told that the measure would create jobs employ existing administrative capacity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quickly, primarily in areas suffering and thus avoid unnecessary startup ex­ extraordinarily high unemployment. penses. Thursday, February 19, 1976 But today the situation is markedly Estimates suggest that H.R. 11860 will Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Mem­ different. In my judgment, the facts call create 38,000 jobs during the quarter be­ bers of the House and Senate have been for enactment of a substitute measure ginning April 1 and another 25,000 jobs going to great pains to explain their introduced by Congressman GARRY within the next 6 months, at a cost of votes in December by which absolute BROWN of Michigan, H.R. 11860, in lieu $780 million. In contrast, H.R. 5247 would prohibition against any assistance t'J of the vetoed bill. The substitute is a far cost $6 billion to produce perhaps 28,- p1·0-Western forces in Angola was voted. more effective weapon with which to 000 jobs during the first quarter after Now that they see a communist dicta­ fight the recession and to provide em­ implementation-an uncertain date. torship imposed on Angola, they are ployment opportunities in the private While H.R. 5247 presumably could pro­ struggling to muddy the record. Per­ sector. It will lead to greater public con­ vide more extensive economic stimula­ haps those Members ought to read the fidence in the economy and to peace of tion over its lifetime, much of the im­ article by the eminent columnists Ro­ mind in American homes. pact would be tardy, mi.Ssing the time land Evans and Robert Novak which ap­ Let me share with you my reasons for when Federal assistance is most required. peared in the Chicago Sun-Times on backing the Brown bill over H.R. 5247 at The timeliness essential to sound eco­ Saturday, February 14, 1976, and which this time. These bills are of common in­ nomic policymaking requires that Con­ I insert in the RECORD at this point. tent, but distinctive in terms of genuine gress take into account the latest trends. [From the Chicago Sun-Times, Sat., Feb. employment potential that they can de­ As we weigh the alternatives before us, 14, 1976) liver. They also differ in their timeliness we should bear in mind that in the last A MESSAGE FROM MOBUTU: ZAmE NEEDS U.S. and thus in the nature of their perma­ month 800,000 new jobs were filled. Un­ HELP nent effects upon the economy. Finally, employmPnt dropped a full one-half (By Roland Evans and Robert Novak) and perhaps most significantly in the percent during the month, the sharpest WASHINGTON.-In sending a special emis­ minds of my western Michigan constitu­ decline in 16 years. Employment has.in­ sary here to plead to Congress for help, Zaire's ents, the bills differ with respect to their creased by 2.1 million over the rate of a President Mobutu Sese Seko has warned that capacity to create jobs in our employ­ year ago. Recovery is substantially un­ the now-certain Soviet victo1·y in Angola ment starved cities. derway. Federal policy evolving today could escalate into far worse defeat for the First, while appearing to meet our must be tailored to these facts. West elsewhere in southern Africa. · needs, H.R. 5247 actually would fall far Thus, for prompt economic recovery, That somber message, carried to a score of key senators and representatives by Mo­ short of its promise as far as my con­ H.R. 11860 is the best approach. In my butu's foreign minister, Nguza, has had som.e stituents are concerned. The legislation's judgment, H.R. 5247 does not pass the impact. But it is conjectural whether Con­ p1imary tool, i'ts title II countercyclical test properly given to vetoed bills, and gress, in its election-year isolationist mood aid program, is of uncertain value to the I will vote accordingly. In my view, this bred out of Vietnam, is now prepared to cities of Muskegon and Muskegon is the res'Ponsible course. It may not .be vote help for Zaire, Zambia and other na­ Heights, where u,nemployment is ex­ immediately popular politics, but it is tions of southern Africa after its flat veto of tremely high. A committee print of the sound politics for western Michigan and President Ford's plan to aid Angola. Nguza, who spent 10 days roving Capitol Senate Government Operations Commit­ for America. That should be our common Hill, carried this message: U.S. failure to tee showing the distribution of title II goal. compete with brazen Soviet intervention funds to State and local governments in­ would threaten not only his own country cludes no funding for these municipal­ and neighboring Zambia; it would endanger ities. They would be left to battle for A FOOTNOTE TO THE STRATTON Africa's entire southern salien t down to the Cape of Good Hope. funds through the S·tate from the resid­ RESOLUTION The reason is Angola's unique strategic ual category. position, which gives it immense economic Furthermore, the basis of distribution leverage over landlocked Zambia and nearly under H.R. 5247 is considerably more HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON landlocked Zaire. If Moscow retains its pre­ complex than the method employed in sent power in Angola, both Zaire and Zam­ OF MASSACHUSETTS bia could be economically decimated. the Brown bill. H.R. 5247 calls for dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Zaire (the former Belgian Congo) is the tribution of two-thirds of the total title largest fertile country in Africa, equal in II funds under a formula utilizing both Thursday, Feb1·uary 19, 1976 size to the United States east of the Missis­ the amount of unemployment in excess Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I sippi. It is also one of the world's richest of 6 percent and adjusted local taxes. simply want to state for the RECORD that sources of copper, manganese and other valu­ Unde1· H.R. 11860, three-fourths of the able minerals. my vote today against referring the The crit ical geographical fact is Zaire's countercyclical dollars would be dis- Stratton resolution to the Rules Commit- dependence on rail transport across Angola 3960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 to the Atlantic "That is our lifeline," Nguza of Ms. Hamill and our entire Olympic munist Party before she settled in Peking told us here this week. "Close it and our contingent for representing the United with her husband. Anderson also could people in Shaba (formerly Katanga, the cop­ per-rich part of Zaire) will be ruined." States at Innsbruck with a smile and a have noted that the Australian Govern­ Moscow has coveted the riches of the old winning spirit. ment has refused Burchett a passport for Belgian Congo for decades. Antoine Glzenga, his three children by his second marriage a key pro-Soviet figure on the losing side of who were born in Peking, Hanoi, and the Congolese civil war a decade ago, is now Moscow, and revoked Burchett's own in Angola for possible troublemaking in his JACK ANDERSON DEFENDS passport in 1955. old homeland. Also in Angola are some 5,000 KGB AGENT The point Anderson was trying to make anti-Mobutu troops from the old civil war­ is clear. He is implying that the defection military pawns for use back in Zaire. approach to the Communist secret agent What frightens Zaire, Zambia and other nonaligned nations of southern Africa even HON. LARRY McDONALD was either illegal or "immoral" and that more is U.S. refusal to help. As Nguza OF GEORGIA the incident somehow "missed" exposure warned. "The Africans, I am sorry to say, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the House or Senate Intelligence Com­ are losing their confidence in the United mittees. Anderson then combined this ef­ States. Whenever there is any trouble, the Thursday, February 19, 1976 fort with a brazen whitewash job on U.S. says, 'No more Vietnams.' That is hard Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Burchett, transforming him from a KGB for us to understand." Speaker, the syndicated smear artist interrogator of American POW's to a That confirmed what Europeans, far better "globetrotting Communist star reporter" informed on once-colonial Africa than Amer­ Jack Anderson has continued his un­ icans, have been privately warning: The abated attack on America's intelligence loyal to his principles-totalitarian com­ mere existence of Soviet-backed Angola, cou­ agencies, combining in his column of munism-and his "wife and newborn pled with the congressional refusal to com­ February 6, 1976, an attack on the Cen­ child in Peking." pete, could automatically generate pro-Com­ tral Intelligence Agency with some warm Let us take a second look at the story munist movements, without pressures from praise for a Communist intelligence of Anderson's anonymous "U.S. news­ the Kremlin. agent who masquerades as a journalist, man." Supposedly this person was asked Can Congress, as some tenuous signs now Wilfred G. Burchett. by an American general who was one of indicate, finally rid itself of the costly illu­ the negotiators to devise a plan by which sion that every U.S. involvement is a candi­ Anderson's bias shows in the slender date for "another Vietnam"? Unless the an­ story he used as the hook on which to Burchett could defect. Anderson said swer is yes, the political outlook in southern hang his anti-CIA attack. The story is that the newsman then "sat down with Africa is dangerous. that an unnamed newsman who is An­ the CIA and drafted a plan in which the Whether Congress understands that will derson's source said that during the Ko­ $100,000 would be offered to Burchett as not be known until it takes up the military rean truce negotiations in 1953 at he and the newsman walked down a and economic aid program for Zaire. It Panmunjom, a U.S. negotiator asked the Panmunjom path." Anderson asserted amounts to a piddling $42 mi11ion, but the newsman whether he thought Burcbett that the newsman's motive "in serving congressional attitude toward it could fore­ as intermediary was to force the CIA to tell the fate of southern Africa. might defect if offered money and secu­ rity. The newsman source, a former OSS get information for him on two captured officer, went to the CIA which suggested friends. The friends, correspondents Don that since the newsman was acquainted Dixon and Richard Applegate, had been DOROTHY HAMILL, THE WIZARD with Burchett he should be the one to seized in a yacht off Hong Kong by Red OF ICE approach Burchett with the offer. When China." Bw·chett "gave the U.S. newsman no en­ This fantasy does not hang together. couragement" the matter was dropped. First U.S. generals do not use newsmen HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY In its outline, the story is not worthy to get the CIA to check on whether or OF CONNECTICUT of column space. But Anderson the not a KGB agent might want to defect. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES propagandist loads the story with unsup­ Second, the source for information on the fate of newsmen kidnapped by the Thursday, February 19, 1976 ported overtones of evii-doing on the part of the CIA. Anderson calls the inci­ Red Chinese would have been Burchett, Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ dent "a wild journalistic caper missed by not the CIA. The story of the newsman's day evening, I watched with awe as a congressional investigators." First the "forcing" the CIA to cough up informa­ constituent, Ms. Dorothy Hamill, brought "wild caper" was a routine querry to see tion on his captured buddies has the beauty, grace, skill-and an Olympic gold whether an enemy agent might want to earmarks of the Anderson disinforma­ medal-to millions of American viewers. defect. Anderson's suggestion that the tion service. I ask my colleagues to join me in express­ affair should have received a congres­ Anderson's fairytale has yet another ing deep thanks and congratulations to sional investigation is laughable. glaring inconsistency. First he has the Ms. Hamill for her dedication and self­ But look at the treatment Anderson newsman taking the initiative, going sacrifice in her pursuit of that goal. gives the KGB agent, Wilfred Burchett. with the general's inquiry to the CIA. I think it fitting, Mr. Speaker, that we Anderson terms Burchett, a long-time Anderson said his newsman source "sat acknowledge her great accomplishment Australian Communist Party member down with the CIA and drafted a plan." as both a personal and national triumph. who assisted in the interrogation of Then Anderson provides two journalistic For her, that medal-winning perform­ American POW's held captive by the "justifications" for his newsman ance was the culmination of a still young Communist Chinese-interrogations source's former cooperation with the skating career. For us, it was a beauti­ which were actually brainwashing ses­ CIA-extracting information on the kid­ ful and inspirational example of one sions involving the use of threats and napped correspondents and having been young woman's fulfillment of the Ameri­ torture to extract germ warfare confes­ "promised the scoop on the defection as can dream-success as the product of sions-and who at the Panmunjom truce part of the agreement." Anderson quotes hard work. talks was one of the most active propa­ his source as saying, "Besides, don't for­ Two years ago, I invited you to join gandists spreading the lie about Ameri­ get, in those days, we all felt differently the people of Greenwich, Conn., in cele­ can germ warfare-"the Communist about the CIA." brating "Dorothy Hamill Day" honoring world's most famous newsman," and ''a The question to ask Jack Anderson and her second-place finish in the World Fig­ globetrotting Communist star reporter," his anonymous newsman is, since you ure Skating Championships. I am happy and hails him as "the talented Australian feel "differently" about the CIA, do you to note today that she was not satisfied whose byline is familiar all over the also feel "differently" now about the with that result, but continued to develop Communist world." KGB and its agents? her talents toward her ultimate goal. As Anderson smears the approach to The American Maoist Communists a result of that determination, Dorothy Burchett as a "bizarre idea" and gra­ have hailed the Anderson puff piece on Hamill is the master of her art at the age tuitously notes that Burchett "had a wife their hero, Wilfred Burchett. The of 19. and newborn child in Peking" at that Guardian, the Peking propaganda organ Thus, I rise to voice the appreciation of time. Anderson could have stated that which runs Bm·chett's articles as sports enthusiasts, as well as those of us Burchett's second wife, Olga, had been a "news" each week, reprinted the Jack who merely sit and watch, for the efforts dedicated member of the Bulgarian Com- Anderson column in its entirety together . Feb1·um11 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3961 with a statement by Wilfred Burchett elasticity, resilience, tolerance, growth, and supplies? Did we then bend every effort to confirming that he had been asked quiet, yet sometimes not-so-quiet caring that increase domestic exploration and produc­ whether he wanted to defect. The Com­ make America a land truly of the People, tion? We did not. munist press immediately recognized the by the People, and for the People. Having observed how price controls on nat­ Our young country's heritage is one of ural gas led to the waste of that resource, Anderson article for the pro-Communist struggle-a constant fight in the protection we promptly put price controls on "new" as fiattery it was. Hopefully most of the of personal freedom. My hope for America well as "old" oil. So, naturally, oil explora­ American citizens who saw it have seen is that the struggle continue, but without tion and production continues to drop. And, it in that light also. bloodshed. most tragic of all, our reliance on foreign Na.than Hale said, "I regret that I have sources has increased by 10 per cent in three but one life to give for my country." I years. In 1973 we were importing about 34 regret that life has to be given at all. per cent of our needs. That figure is now 37 SO, when we blow out the candles and per cent. · WHAT OUR BICENTENNIAL HERIT­ make our wish in the Bicentennial year, let That is how well we learned the lesson of AGE MEANS TO ME us not smother the spark for freedom, but 1973. But that is not all. One of tne bright rather clear the air so that more can ideas to come out of the 1973 crisis was that breathe. we need a national strategic oil reserve. In­ HON. JIM SANTINI deed, the creation of such a reserve, at a. cost OF NEVADA of uncounted billions, was ordered by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A DRY-HOLE ENERGY POLICY Congress in the disastrous energy bill passed by the Democratic Congress and signed by a Thursday, Februaru 19, 1976 Republican President. But we already have a Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, I want HON. BILL ARCHER strategic oil reserve, set aside by Congress for naval use half a century ago, specifically to share with you and my colleagues one OF TEXAS against the day of an oil shortage. Now that of the most succinct and impressive com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES day has arrived. mentaries about our precious American Thursday, February 19, 1976 So what are we going to do? Why, we're system of Government and history. The going to produce oil from the Elk Hills Naval following remarks were composed by the Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, as one Reserve for civilian use! But criticizing our State VFW Voice of Democracy speech Member of Congress who is both shocked national energy policy is not enough. That winner, Mary Elizabeth Coleman of Las and deeply disappointed by the Febru­ can safely be left to the Henry Jacksons and Vegas, Nev. She certainly demonstrates ary 5 vote of the House increasing the the John Dingells of the world. What, in fact, should be the objectives of a a mature and perceptive appreciation of regulation of natural gas, I would like national energy policy? First, it should con­ some basic precepts and concepts in­ t.o commend t.o the attention of my col­ serve energy. Perhaps by the end of the cen­ herent in our Constitution and govern­ leagues an edit.orial which appeared in tury, other energy sources will be significant. mental form that many adults seem ob­ the February 11 issue of the Houston But for the next few years, conservation is livious about today. Post. It presents an accurate description the only way to manage our energy problem. Her prize winning speech on the topic of our energy situation today and out­ Second, it should encourage the develop­ of "What our Bicentennial Heritage lines the basic national energy policy ment of our remaining oil and gas. We have that must be adopted. The editorial fol­ found and produced most of the cheap oil Means to Me" follows: and gas. Significant new deposits will no VOICE OF DEMOCRACY lows: doubt be in high cost areas suc.h as the Arc­ Happy Birthday, America! DRY-HOLE ENERGY POLICY tic, the outercontinental shelf and the outer­ Blow out the candles and make a wish. It is often said that this country has no continental slope. Advanced techniques for Make the same wish you made two hundred national energy policy. That is not true. We recovering more oil from currently produc­ years ago and a wish that will be made two do have a policy-one that has already led ing reservoirs are expensive. hundl·ed years from now. A wish, a hope, a us to the brink of disaster. It is a policy Third, it should encourage the develop­ want, and a love of freedom. which continued and extended, will surely ment of alternate energy sources and assist This country's foundation was built oh-so­ lead us to economic disaster and destroy in the transition to these sources. The 20th many years ago on pain, blood and tears, our national security. Yet the House of Rep­ century will go down as a golden age of pros­ and endless suffering. Today we unite, young resentatives voted specifically to continue perity based on cheap energy from on and and old, to celebrate this freedom. and extend that policy when it voted out, gas. Nearly all the oil and gas tn the world But my peers and I have not known 205-201, a bill which would not only con­ has been discovered in this century, and most real war in which the struggle for these tinue price controls on natural gas but ex­ of it will be burned up by the end of the rights comes before personal needs and even tend them to the intrastate market. century. To avoid economic catastrophe, gov­ life itself. We are handed this history, but Our national energy policy directs that our ernmentally coordinated research efi'orts to we have not experienced and do not under­ most precious fuel-natural gas--be squan­ develop the full potential of nuclear (fisslon stand the senseless death caused by greed dered and that no economic incentive be and fusion). coal, solar, geothermal and wind and fear. But this does not mean that Amer­ provided for its renewal. Ou1· national en­ power are necessary. ica's initial wish is lost in her youth. The e1·gy policy directs that natural gas flow out How can these basic policy objectives be foundation still stands, but the battle­ of the ground in Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma achieved? By letting the free market system scarred columns have been smoothed by gen­ and Kansas and at a great cost in energy be work, by eliminating price controls that have tle hands-tired of war. pumped thousands of miles to the coal-rich done so much to put us in our present fix. We, unlike too many other Americans, are Northeastern and north Midwestern states, Increased energy prices will conserve fuels, not rejoicing in the blind and ignorant pomp there to be used as boiler fuel. And when give incentive to find and develop remaining and circumstances of 1976, but we share natural gas is used as boiler fuel, more than reserves and make presently untapped energy a genuine inte1-est in what two hundred years ha.If the energy is wasted into the at­ sources economic. If we continue our prec:­ of life has meant. mosphere. ent course, the lights are going to go out. At this birthday party, America's youth Many other fuels can fire boilers. But those join not in a hate of dictatorship, but a love other fuels--coal, atomic energy, municipal for democracy-a. love for the freedom in waste-cannot substitute for natural gas as which we can say what we want, be what we the feedstock for the petrochemicals on can be, and change if we choose. which our society depends. Atomic energy HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MOUNT We love the feeling of faded levis, and is a. marvelous source of power, but we can't PLEASANT, omo appreciate that we are not wearing blood­ make the fertillzers and herbicides we need stained khaki. We love the casualness of to feed a good portion of the world from borrowing Mein Kamph, The Communist uranium. Natural gas, replaceable as fuel, is HON. WAYNE L. HAYS Manifesto, and The Bicentennial Celebration irreplaceable as a raw material from which OF OHIO all on the same library card. to make petrochemicals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE We understand that freedom is not free, But leave aside, if you will, the logical and so we give of ourselves and fulfill our obli­ economic folly of our national energy policy Thursday, February 19, 1976 gations, upholding our responsibilities so and consider only the national security as­ that we may keep this freedom from slipping pects. In 1973, for political reasons, the Arabs Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, on away. turned off the tap on us, throwing this coun­ January 24, 1976 the Historical Society And so, our birthday gift to these United try 1nto crisis and revealing just how de­ , of Mount Pleasant, Ohio held its first States is a simple promise. We vow on our pendent we are on imported oll. monthly Bicentennial meeting. This was past and on our Ulllll8rked future to con­ Did we learn from that? Did we then take a highly important occasion ir.. the com­ tinue America's open policies of vitality, steps to reduce our dependence on foreign munity and I include the program of the . ~962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 meeting in the proceedings of the House 6th and 7th grades, Miss Lehman won WHAT OUR BICENTENNIAL HERIT­ of Representatives: the English award for creative writing. ·AGE MEANS TO MS. MIA M. STA- . THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MOUNT PLEASANT, She also was the recipient of the music THIS OF HIGHLAND, CALIF. OHIO, INC. award in the 7th grade. (Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, 1st Bicentennial Meet­ Her extracurricular activities include ing, Buckr-ye West Jr. Hi Auditorium, 7:30 service as secretary of the student orga­ HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS p.m.) nization in her freshman year in high OF CALIFORNIA Master of Ceremonies: Rev. Lloyd G. school. Her hobbies include playing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Smith. piano, singing and reading. Thursday, February 19, 1976 Invocation: Rev. Lloyd G. Smith, United Upon completion of her high school Presbyterian Church. studies, Miss Lehman plans to attend Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, each year The pledge to the Flag: led by American Duke University, Durham, N.C., and is the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the Legion McCook Post 529 Dlllonv~le. interested in a career in the field of United States and its Ladies Auxiliary The National Anthem by Moffet. conduct a Voice of Democracy Contest. God Bless America by Irving Berlin. psychology. Bicentennial (1776-1976) by Hopkinson, Miss Lehman's winning script is This year nearly 500,000 secondary school Billings. thought provoking and meaningful, and students participated in the contest com­ The Buckeye West Jr. Hi Band and under I would like to call it to the attention of peting for five national scholarships the direction of Mr. Lutke.rt. my colleagues. The text of it is as fol­ which are awarded as the top prizes. The America the Beautiful, by Sam Ward. lows: voice of democracy scholarship pro­ Introduction of Congressman Wayne L. gram is a national broadcast scriptwrit­ Hays by Toni Bedway of Bedway Coal Co. · WHAT OUR BICENTENNIAL HERITAGE MEANS TO ME ing program which provides an oppor­ The Address: America Envisions-the hon­ tunity for 10th, 11th, ·and 12th grade orable Mr. Hays. (By Carol Lehman) students in our public, private, and pa­ Favorite songs of Mr. Hays sung by all: It is impossible to avoid the American Bl- r~chial schools to think, write, and speak Yankee Doodle and The Battle Hymn of the . centennial. It has .been thrown at us from Republlc. , television, radio, and newspapers. We are up for freedom and democracy. Benediction: Rev. Robert Mattern, United . urged to participate by wearing Bicentennial "What Our Bice:ntennial Heritage Methodist Church. · ,shirts, drinking from Bicentennial mugs and Means to Me," theme for the VFW's ~9th sporting Bicentennial license plates. We are annual voice of democracy scholarship asked to drink Coke, buy flags and colonial- . program, focused the attention of youth . tze our houses with latext paint to prove how on the ideals on which our Nation wa.c; American and patriotic we are. Kids crowd founded-ideals that have endured for NORTH CAROLINA VOICE OF' DE­ around cash registers to exchange their coins 200 years-and called for a personal MOCRACY CONTEST WINNER- for Bicentennial quarters. I think that the evaluation of their meaning today in 1975-76 American Bicentennial Commission has made their point. In our highly commercial­ maintaining democracy as a way of life ized society, producing and executing things in our Republic. on a grand scale ls the perfect way to get Mr. Chairman, I do think that thi'l HON. L. H. FOUNTAIN everyone involved. But to me, the year 1976 body should commend the Veterans of OF NORTH CAROLINA is more than a monogrammed coffee m\lg or· Foreign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliar.v IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an inscription on e. class ring. It is a symbol. for their outstanding contribution in It is a symbol of security. It marks the Thursday, February 19, 1976 end of two centuries in which Americans bringing such a program into our high have alternately feared and prospered. Be­ schools. Mr. ·FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, .the I would also like to take this opportu - North Carolina winner of the 1975-76 hind each bad ·experience was a solid rock, the democracy of our nation. nity, Mr. Chairman, to announce that Voice of Democracy Contest is a citizen 1976 is a symbol of justice. Where else Ms. Mia M. Stathis of Highland, Calif., of the Second Congressional District, in the world can one find a truer spirit of a student in the 37th Congressional Dis­ which I have the honor to represent. She kindness and generosity toward all people? trict, has been selected by the VFW a is Miss Carol Anne Lehman of 3628 . Where else can I, as a young person, follow the California State finalist in this Colonial Lane, Rocky Mount, N.C. a better example of brotherhood and equal­ contest. The citizens of North Carolina are ity? Lincoln said that we were to have "a government by the people, of the people and On behalf of the people of the 37th proud of Miss Lehman and wish her well Congressional District, I would like to to for the people." What an understatement when she comes Washington, D.C. that was! People a.re what America. is all say how proud we are of Ms. Stathis. Her next month to compete in the national about. More and more, we,. as Americans, a.re broadcast script is inserted today, so that finals. She is an accomplished young lady beginning to cease pitting people against. my colleagues may have the opportunity and her winning entry demonstrated a people and concentrate on people wJth peo­ to read one of the most inspirational depth of knowledge and dedication to the ple, people helping people. How different our Bicentennial pieces I have come across best of the American tradition. government is from other governments which this year. Each year the Veterans of Foreign observe a system of social priority, where not The broadcast script follows: Wars of the United States and its Ladies everyone can speak out. Here everyone has a voice. We, you and I, count, and we always 1975-76 VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOL R­ Auxiliary conduct the Voice of Democ­ have. SHIP PROGRAM CALIFORNIA WINNER racy Contest. This year nearly 500,000 Sometimes it is very difficult for me to "Give me your tired, your poor, your secondary school students participated understand where I fit in and where things huddled masses yearning to be free." How in the contest competing for the five na­ concern me today, but not in this case. The these words must have impressed my grand­ tional scholarships which are a warded as American Bicentennial speaks to each citi­ father as he stood on the deck of a small top prizes. First prize is a $10,000 schol­ zen and especially to the young people. It vessel after 42 days at sea, finally reaching arship, second price is $5,000, third prize seems to be almost shouting, "What a record! New York Harbor-America-his destination. is $3,500, fourth prize is $2,500, and the 200 years! Now it is your turn!" And I re­ I wonder what thoughts must have been in alize that it ilS my turn. his mind that cold March morning? A nine­ fifth prize is $1,500. The contest theme Finally, 1976 symbolizes hope, a buming teen year old boy who had dreamed and this year is "What Our Bicentennial Her­ hope that has kindled and rekindled coals saved for ten years, a fatherless, motherless, itage Means To Me." for years. In some way, it ls up to the youth homeless youth, but he was sustained and Miss Carol Anne Lehman, our North of today to keep the fires of hope burning nurtured by a. Dream. This is my heritage. Carolina winner, is a tenth grade stu.. brightly. We must prove that two centuries Not two hundred years old, but starting that of hope have not been in vain. March morning when my grandfather began dent in the Rocky Mount Senior High the odyssey of his New World. Sitting back School, Rocky Mount, N.C. She is the 1976 symbolizes 200 very special years of security, justice, and hope. My generation and thinking about it, now I realize that his daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Gaylord L. owes something to those men, who, with quill story is not unique. This pattern has been Lehman. and parchment, laid a foundation of princi­ repeated over and over and over again An outstanding student, Miss Lehman ples for all men and especially Americans. It throughout history. It must be true. Our is a straight A honor roll student in the is up to us to make a supreme effort to keep history books, our very heritage has taught 1Oth grade. She also was on the honor roll this United States of America alive and well us this. True, my heritage as an American in the 8th and 9th grades. While in the for another 200 years. does not go back to the Mayflower; in fact, February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3963 it hardly goes back to the Titanic. It started House Committee would be limited to in­ Some have said that detente does not that morning in 1919 when this young lad vestigating Members and employees. hang on Angola. It was similarly said met the Lady of the Harbor. He didn't under­ If the allegations against Mr. Schorr that it did not hang on.Russian interven­ stand her words then. He couldn't even read them. But they were written for him and are correct, necessary action provided for tion in Portugal, or the Middle East; now young lads like him who came in search of by House rules or under whatever law Angola, perhaps next Zambia. The trend their destiny. But isn't it interesting to think could be applied would be in order. But is unsettling and argues in favor of in­ about--this is why we all came-the first the alleged action by Mr. Schorr is mere­ creasingly stern U.S. responses, perhaps a few settlers to Jamestown Colony, the Pil­ ly another dramatic episode in an on­ searching evaluation of the purpose of grims, the Puritans, the Quakers, all came going pattern of leaks by House and Sen­ our policies a.s well. in little ships seeking their destiny-creating ate committee sta:tr members and indi­ The text of the amendment follows: our heritage. They looked for something vidual Senators and House Members that more, an illusiveness, that intangible yet AMENDMENT 0FFE_RED BY MR. FINDLEY magnetic force that led them here-that has been growing over the years. The Congress views the large-scale and dream of kings. In this year of the Bicen­ There have been instances of leaks of continuing Soviet intervention in Angola, tennial, we are given another chance to look classified material by Members of the including the active sponsorship of Cuban into our scrapbooks and see what the begin­ House and Senate, and appropriate com­ forces in Angola, as being completely incon­ nings were all about. America is the land of mittees of the House or Senate have not sistent with any reasonably defined policy opportunity and my grandfather is the first taken any action. of deteute, as well as with Articles I and II to admit it. We have all been touched by this I believe that there should be a special of the United Nations Charter, the principle strength, that Dream of Kings: of non-interference in the affairs of other House investigation into all alleged leaks countries agreed to at Helsinki in 1975, and Into this land the young men came, of classified material by committee per­ with the spirit of recent bilateral agreements Strong, unafraid and eager to look for that sonnel, Members' office _sta:trs, the Mem­ between the United States and the Union Dream of Kings bers themselves, as well as an investiga­ of Soviet Socialist Republics. Such interven­ Young lads with strength in their hands and tion into the publishing of this report by tion should be taken explicitly into account desire in their hearts. a New York City newspaper. Mr. Schorr in United States foreign policy planning and A few dreamed of their return with wealth negotiations. and fame. may well be in contempt of Congress and But far more were content to stay and buy may well have breached the privileges of land and begin their lives here. the House. But if he did, it is part of an PRESIDENT FORD MISSES MARK They all had their dream. unfortnnate pattern that has been con­ They knew of the hunger and poverty of the doned or swept under the rug for too WITH REFORM PROPOSALS boy in the field who tended the sheep long. Is Mr. Schorr to be made an ex­ or gathered the harvest. pedient martyr and others who may have They wanted something more for their HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL children. perpetrated similar alleged acts ignored? OF NEW YORK They wanted something more. Since the privileged resolution does not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So their dream returned and they looked to address itself to the overall problem that the stars-not as shepherds but as has developed and since it was thrust Thursday, February 19, 1976 Kings. upon us unexpectedly this afternoon for Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, yesterday And that dream manifested itself in their a decision, I will vote against it. the President sent to the Congress legis­ children and in their children's children. lation that he said would provide the And they sat back, content with their dreams necessary reforms of the intelligence op­ CONDEMNS RUSSIAN INTERVEN­ erations of this Nation so as to prevent fulfilled. TION IN ANGOLA Kings that they were. any infringement upon individual rights by these organizations. He said in. his This, then, is what it is all about. This is what our Bicentennial Heritage Means to me. HON. PAUL FINDLEY message that the methods these agencies Thank you, Grandpa. OF ILLINOIS use should- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Conform to the standards set out in the Constitution to preserve and respect the Thursday, February 19, 1976 privacy and civil liberties of American PRIVILEGED RESOLUTION Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, an im­ citizens. portant omission in the congressional After reading the proposed legislation HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI dialog with Angola was corrected yes­ and listening to his press conference at OF ILLINOIS terday by the action of the House Inter­ which the issue was raised I don't be­ national Relations Committee. The com­ lieve that the rhetoric matches with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee unanimously adopted an amend­ actual contents of the bill. Thursday, February 19, 1976 ment I proposed condemning Soviet in­ At the outset, let me state that I am Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I be­ tervention in Angola. My amendment to not so naive as to believe that the United lieve that the circumstances under which the international security assistance leg­ States does not require an intelligence this privileged resolution is brought to islation labeled the Soviet role in Angola system. It is essential to our functioning the floor this afternoon and the confus­ as "completely inconsistent with any rea­ as a member of the world community. ing, contradictory debate which devel­ sonably defined policy of detente" and However that system should be properly oped make it difficult for most observers requires that such intervention be taken controlled so that it doesn't engage in to appreciate what really went on. Since explicitly into acconnt in U.S. foreign highly suspect activity, causing embar­ a number of questions to which the res­ policy planning and negotiations with rassment to it and more importantly to olution does not address itself, as well as the Soviet Union. the Nation. the issue of Mr. Daniel Schorr to whom The amendment puts Moscow on no­ The Ford proposal for reform of our it does address itself, pose so many un­ tice that detente must be a two-way in~lligence ~ctiyities raises some very answered questions, I have decided to street. Continuing Soviet aggressiveness serious const1tut1onal questions. His pro­ cast my vote against the i·esolution. in Angola might powerfully affect con­ posal would impose criminal penalties As I nnderstand the proponents of the gressional consideration of impending upon Government employees for releas­ proposed resolution, they feel it neces­ agreements such as Salt II. These agree­ ing information relating to intelligence sary that the Committee on Standards of ments must, in the final analysis, rest on sow·ces and methods, irrespective of Official Conduct conduct an inquiry spe­ the confidence we have in one another's ~hether or not our national security was cifically into the publication of the pre­ word and ultimate intentions. If the Con­ m fact harmed. Another provision calls liminary report of the Select Committee gress should be asked to consider con­ for the prosecution of those people who on Intelligence of the House. The ques­ cessions such as unverifiable range con­ disclose legally restricted material, re­ tion now seems to be how Mr. Daniel straints on cruise missiles or Russian gardless of whethe1· or not they knew Schorr, in his capacity as a correspond­ "assurances" i·egarding their intended the material was restricted. I am certain ent for CBS, came into p00session of a role for the Backfire bombers. we will no that my_colleagues wlll have great.crun­ copy of the report and made it available doubt keep the events of Angola upper­ culties with these proVisions. especially to a New York City newspaper. The most in mind. the latter. 3964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februa'ry 19, 191'6 ·Anthony Lewis wrote a column in the · call it, is dropped from the Ford bill. The bill Shore. A couple of years late1· he opened a. New York Times of Thursday, analyzing also raises more difficult obstacles than the bicycle shop in Atlantic City, but a persuad­ the Ford proposal. He reaches the con­ Colby draft to private hearings by judges on ing brother owned Freedman's Department clusion that it does very little to allay the the lawfulness of cla.ssiflca.tions. Store on the corner of Maple and Main, and On the executive power, the basic thrust in 1912, Morris came to Bay Shore and opened fears of those of us who rightfully insist of the Ford plan is to lay out in published Morris Freeciman Hardware. His store was on having all agencies abide by the letter rules who must approve what in the intel­ across the street from the Carlton Opera of the law in carrying out their opera­ ligence business. Getting those procedures House in a store that now houses an appli­ tions. Although I am tired of hearing all out in the open is a step forward, as Mr. ance repair shop. Mrs. Freedman had a. bi­ the talk about the CIA's activities abroad Ford's aides said because bureaucrats do tend cycle store in Islip up to World War I and and would much prefer establishing a to worry about what is on the books. this is still one of the few hardware stores viable congresisonal oversight mechan­ But Mr. Ford has neither imposed nor pro­ which has a bicycle shop in the back. ism I believe Lewis' comments are worth posed any substantive limitations on the With a need for expansion, Morris bought kinds of dirty tricks our intelligence agencies the building at 7 West Main Street in 1914 reading and I therefore insert his re­ may play abroad-with the sole exception of where they are still doing business although marks in the RECORD at this point: prohibiting assassinations in peacetime. A the words "and Appliances" has been added IN SHEEP'S CLOTHING future Nixon could order the C.I.A. to bring to Morris Freedman Hardware. (By Anthony Lewis) about a military coup in Chile, or pay vast Sons Al and Leon and daughter Henrietta sums to Italian rightists, or intervene in an WASHINGTON, Feb. 18-WhM was advertised were about the store during their childhood African civil war. and continued until they were grown. When as a sweeping reform of the intelligence com­ In the past, it has been regarded as doubt­ munity turns out, on examination, to be a World War II came, Al and Leon went into ful whether there was any legal authority for the service; Al in the Army Artillery and blueprint for more secrecy, greater execu­ covert operations abroad. Under the Pord tive power and less Congressional oversight. Leon as a bomber tail gunner. Leon was approach, that authority would be assumed­ killed over the North Sea, one of our local That is the gist, the amazing gist, of the and would have almost no statutory re­ . orders a.nd proposed legislation unveiled to­ heros listed on the Legion Honor Roll at the straints. According to the new C.I.A. chief, Memorial Building. day by President Ford. George Bush, the legal basis would be the ·The Ford package is so massive, and so full Morris, Henrietta and Al's wife, Regina, President's "inherent powers"-an imperial kept the store going during the war years of obscurities, that thorough analysis would doctrine that the Supreme Court conderpned require a lawyer's brief. Mr. Ford's own legal, and our personal memories of Morris are still a generation a.go. vivid. When it was a particularly nice day, he political and intelligence aides had difficulty As for Congress, it would have one over­ giving clear answers to questions at a brief­ would put a camp chair on the sidewalk and sight committee instead of six; and it would enjoy it comfortably. If a customer was ing. But some of the more remarkable provi­ hear about covert operations only after the sions can be quickly sketched. known to him you could help yourself and President approved them. In short, the hope pay him in the sunshine. Morris died in 1947 On secrecy, a proposed statute would in­ of preventing executive abuses would be left troduce into America law, for the first time, and Bay Shore oldsters still miss him. largely to the executive. For example, there After the war, Al returned to Bay Shore criminal punishment of p~t or present Gov­ would be a. new monitoring board of three ernment employees for disclosing "informa­ and the store, and has been giving prompt private citizens. But the President's Foreign personal attention to his many satisfied cus­ tion relating to intelligence sources and Intelligence Advisory Board has existed and methods." Everything in that vague category tomers. Regina. is still helping when needed has not prevented abuses. after raising three children; Leon, who is a would be swept under the ban, regardless of The basic thrust of the Ford "reform" is whether disclosure did any actual harm to pediatrician; Mark, a. psychologist; and Mar­ made clear by one passage in the President's jorie, a. social worker; their children also a U.S. security, or was intended to. message to Congress. The right way to deal The effect of such a law could be to legit­ success story to make the Freedmans proud. with "questionable activities," it suggests, The Chamber of Commerce salutes them imize some of the legally dubious actions of is to report them to "appropriate author­ the Nixon Administration. Consider, for ex­ for their past and present as good merchants ities." That is what Gerald Ford and his and residents. ample, the case of the Pentagon Papers. To­ men have learned from Vietnam and Water­ day, no one would seriously argue that their gate. publication harmed the national security. But in 1971 John Mitchell and Robert Mar­ dian argued vehemently that 1't would dam.­ TRAGEDY CAUSES FATHER TO age security-and disclose intelligence BAY SHORE LANDMARK APPEAL TO NATION methods. After the Nixon lawyers failed to prevent publication of the Pentagon Papers, they HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY HON. PAUL SIMON brought reporters and others before grand OF ILLINOIS juries and demanded their sources; one pro­ OF NEW YORK fessor went to jail for contempt. Then Daniel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ellsberg was prosecuted under flimsy legal Thursday, February 19, 1976 theories that were never tested because the Thursday, February 19, 1976 case failed on other grounds. Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, I am attach­ The Ford secrecy act would provide a solid Speaker, it is my pleasure today to join ing a letter which Mr. Norbert J. Moor­ statutiory basis for a. future Nixon or Mitchell with the Chamber of Commerce of Bay leghen, Regional Superintendent of or Mardian to do all those things. The Ford Schools in Clinton and Washington draft does exclude those who receive lea.ks Shore, N.Y., in saluting my constituents, Al and Regina Freedman and their won­ Counties in Illinois, has sent to me. from criminal punishment or injunctions; it It is the anguished letter of a father. ls said to be aimed a.t the leakers. But if derful family. I am proud of these citi­ anyone published information arguably re­ zens, who exhibit the very best in our It speaks both of personal tragedy and lated to "intelligence sources and methods,".. free ente.rprise system, and surely their public policy. the reporter or editor could be ta.ken before example shows all of us the importance His 13-year-old son and 15-year-old a grand jury and asked for his source. Grand of small businesses to the American son were killed when a train hit a juries ha.ve power to ask anyone about pos­ economy and our local communities. In camper truck in which they were riding. sible crimes--and here would be a whole new Mr. Moorleghen has been an out­ category of crime. recognizing the hard work and success of neighbors such as the Freedmans, we spoken and effective leader for the cause Or consider Watergate. Mr. Nixon tried to in keep the investigation away from a key are reawakening our citizens to the vir­ of education Illinois. We are fortunate money transaction in Mexico, arguing that tues they exemplify. to have his services. My hope is that this this might compromise C.I.A. sources. A law The fallowing article appeared in the body and the executive branch of Gov­ like Mr. Ford's proposal might have given Islip Town Bulletin of February 12, 1976. ernment will act to provide greater pro­ him greater leverage with the bureaucracy I gladly honor the Freedman family for tection for railroad crossings before too to declare that whole area out of bound. its dedication to our Nation's highest many more people go through the pain Mr. Ford's secrecy bill ls actually more ideals. and suffering that the Moorleghen fam­ restrictive than a draft submitted last April ily is now experiencing. by William E. Colby, then Directior of Cen­ [From the Islip (N.Y.) Town Bulletin, The letter follows: Feb. 12, 1976) tral Intelligence. That is among the more N. J. MOORLEGHEN, astonishing facts of the day. FREEDMANS BUILT A STO,RE INTO A Carlyle, Ill., February 8, 1976. The Colby draft, for example, 1·equired BAY $HORE LANDMARK The United States House of Representatives: that anyone prosecuted must have known Morris Freedman had a hardware business An open letter to the President of the that what he disclosed was legally restricted. in Philadelphia. in 1906 and that was the United States, the Congress, the Governor of This requirement of scienter, as the lawyers start of one or the oldest businesses in Bay Illinois, the Genera.I Assembly, our County, February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3965 Township, and City Governments, our the Commonwealth of Virginia, and be­ arms they had surrendered. They reached a Courts, and the Boards of Directors of our cause of the significance of what he said, daily prod,uction of 100 shields, 300 swords, railroads: I would like to bring Mr. WHITEHURST'S 500 spears and javelins, 1,000 miS1?iles for While I await the arrival of the funeral catapults, and as many catapults as they director, to finalize funeral arrangements for remarks to the attention of my colleagues could make, for which the women cut off my sons, Robert, 13, and Allen, 15, this in the House. their hair to make the strings. eighth day of February, 1976, I sorrowfully I am pleased to associate myself with But it was all for naught. Carthage fell contemplate the following: We have spent his views. after a two year siege, its people either killed billions of dollars to support and fight a use­ The commencement address follows: or sold into slavery, and Rome emerged with. less war with a tremendous loss of life. We Few nation confrontations in history con­ her deadliest rival eliminated. have spent billions to bail out banks and big tain the elements of drama found in the In this year, when we celebrate and take business. We have spent billions to subsidize Mediterranean basin between Rome and stock of two centuries of American inde­ our railroads, but we cannot provide the Carthage in the Third and Second Centuries pendence, there is an inclination-and a dollars to erect gates and warning lights at before Christ. Hannibal's destruction of the wise one, I think-to reflect upon the future railroad crossings because it would cost too Roman army at Cannae is still regarded as as well as upon the past. We are far from much money. We have spent billions to pro­ the classic envelopment of an enemy army, old as the history of nations is measured. If vide arms to sustain governments which and similar battles in the Twentieth Cen­ the thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner is ac­ exist through force and oppression rather tury have been compared to it. curate, then over half of our national life than popular support of the governed. We But all of the other components of struggle was spent, and our energies consumed, in · have spent billions to build highways to re­ between rival states were present as well. overcoming successive frontier challenges. place existing good highways which are ade­ There is a dangerous tendency for each gen­ Without any wish to demean the efforts of quate while neglecting those that are most eration to believe that the forces at work in those earlier generations of Americans in hazardous, contributing to additional loss its own time are peculiar to it. A study of achieving their goals, I must nevertheless of life. We squander millions on ridiculous, the Punic Wars reveals clearly that the ad­ state that wearing the cloak of Manifest and sometimes immoral, research such as versaries employed or experienced all of the Destiny in subduing a continent proved a that proposed on "pot" and sexual responses techniques and strategy with which we are simpler role than the one the present genera­ at Southern Illinois University. But, we can­ familiar. tion of Americans has tried to define for not spend dollars for safety devices to pre­ Indeed, Pierre Louys once said that since itself. serve life itself. the days of classical antiquity, only one new No great nation has ever endured without In attempts to console the anguished, we pleasure has been given to man: the ciga­ a goal or sense of mission. And those men will be told over and over that what will be rette. "In political and military matters he who awaken and articulate the conscious­ will be. When has there been action taken to has been given new problems, arising out of ness of a people with regard to their national control the speed of trains through our com­ applications of the use of energy, and non­ calling are soon followed. Some have pursued munities? Seventeen years ago, I clocked a application of measures to control the in­ false paths and nations have been led to self­ train on this very same track that took the crease of populations." Such are the words destruction. And sometimes goals have been lives of my boys, nine additional children, of Sir Gavin deBeer, the biogTapher of Han­ indistinct and the nation's pursuit of them and a most loving and concerned grand­ nibal. Otherwise, he notes, "the stock-in­ frustrated. History is a fluid thing and it is father, traveling through Clinton County trade of governments has remained remark­ a rare state that does not occasionally find communities in excess of seventy-five miles ably constant. There is nothing new in itself at a crossroads, not knowing which an hour. spheres of influence, trade restrictions, cold way the forces of history are moving or how I petition everyone to act now to demand war, so-called liberation of peoples, psycho­ to accommodate itself to them. action now to spare other parents and rela­ logical warfare, or tetTor tactics. All were em­ Consider the American record in the Twen­ tives the agony, the anguish, and the un­ ployed in the days of Hannibal, and have tieth Century. Two great wars were fought as bearable sorrow that has beset the parents, been ever since." crusades. They brought to full flower the brothers, and sisters of the eleven children Nothing more graphically demonstrates American nation as a global power with a and the family of the grandfather (who so this than the events imme~iatley preceding conscious and willing acceptance of the role loved children) who were killed last night, the Third Punic War in 149 B.C. Rome, by of guardian of Western freedoms. It was a February the seventh, 1976, by the train at that time, had determined upon the destruc­ noble pursuit and although a third war Beckemeyer, because it costs too much for tion of her rival, but the Carthaginians occurred, following on the heels of the second, adequate safeguards at rail crossings. May clung to the notion that they could buy and with a different enemy, it only confirmed God protect and preserve you from such an peace at the end, and the Romans encour­ the vision Americans had of themselves. experience as I and others have suffered. aged this belief. As recently as 15 years ago, a young Amer­ You have found money for almost every­ Faced with invasion by a Roman army, ican President~elect, i•eflected the boundless thing. Won't you find just a little money to Carthage sent a delegation, which was as­ self.:.confidence of his people with a rhetoric help guarantee to the people of this nation sured that they would be left alone if they that still has a tug of nostalgia.. Do you re­ our constitutional provisions for the pursuit delivered 300 hostages. But no sooner had call those words? "Let every nation know of life, _liberty, and happiness for our citi­ these terms been complied with when the whether it wishes us well or ill, that we zens? threat of attack by a Roman army was made shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet Sorrowfully, again. To the Roman consuls in command of any hardship, support any friend, oppose NORBERT J. MooRLEGHEN. it, the Carthaginians sent another peace com­ any foe, in order to assure the survival and P.S. I understand that an official of the mision. It was received in the open air, with the success of liberty." B&O has said, "With conditions as they are, the entire Roman army displayed in a tre­ Has it really been 15 years since those signals at crossings are too expensive." I mendous show of military power. Censori­ words were cheered so loudly on the steps wonder if this would be so if his family would nus-the better orator of the consuls-spoke of the Capitol of the United States? Who have suffered a like tragedy? for the Romans. What he had to say was sim­ would dare utter them today? Transcribed Feb1·uary 12, 1976, from a letter ple and to the point. If the Carthaginians No review of the tortuous and painful dl·afted early Sunday, February 8th. Post­ sincerely desired peace, what need had they Sixties need be recited here. Neither do we script added Monday, February 9th, follow­ of arms? "Come now, hand over to us all need to poison ourselves into paralysis by ing a public statement by an official repre­ your arms, public and private, both weapons continuing to drink from the cup of bitter­ sentative of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. and war-machines." ness. Our allies, older and more experienced, The Carthaginians agreed, and under the and unfettered by self-doubt regarding their supervision of Roman commissioners turned motives for national policy, are understand­ over an immense quantity of armaments. ably out of patience with us often. At the COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY Listen to the inventory-complete armor for worst they think we have a streak of maso­ chism, and at the least, that we are imma­ G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST 200,000 men, spears and javelines too nu­ merous to count, and 2,000 catapults. ture. Recent events related to the CIA give And once effectively disarmed, the Romans credence to both of these views. then revealed their final terms. Carthage It is significant that the withdrawal and HON. DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III was to be razed to the ground. ultimate loss of South Vietnam has not pro­ OF VIRGINIA The outcome of the story is known, but duced a strong identifiable counter current toward abandonment of all international re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the brief final chapter bears recounting. When the fearful message was carried back sponsibility. Most Americans are too knowl­ Thursday, February 19, 1976 to Carthage, there was outrage and fury edgeable about the world to take that option. Mr. SATrERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, re­ without parallel in the city's history. Pro­ But the enormous sacrifice in blood and cently a distinguished colleague, G. WIL­ Roman Senators were literally torn to pieces treasure in Southeast Asia in an effort that by the citizens, and, in a last act of defi­ ultimately proved futile has had perhaps a LIAM WHITEHURST, made an outstanding ance, those Senators left intact declared war more insidious and deleterious effect. commencement address to the Armed on Rome. Compounded by unhealthy economic con­ Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Va. His Emerging from their despair, the people ditions, by demands upon our resources to comments received wide distribution in made a feverish attempt to make good the satisfy the requirements for a host of new 3966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 government services, the nation is acting various study groups around the country should make our own historical record with · with uncertainty. which reflect this point of view. an eye to the past. It need not be so. You know very well that there are many But before sitting down, I thinl;:: it worth Uncertainty need not fill the gap between more scenarios than a. nuclear one in the while to refer to one last ·incident in that the role of the dauntless crusader on the event of armed conflict with the USSR. In­ life and death struggle between those two one hand and an isolated fortress on the deed, because of what is at stake, both bel­ ancient powers. other. ligerents would seek to avoid the use of Following his defeat at the Battle of Indeed, the very changes that have oc­ nuclear weapons, or at least the strategic Zama, which ended the Second Punic War, curred in the world, changes which we have variety. Even so, we have a substantial num­ Hannibal returned to his seat in the Car­ sometimes resisted, or failed to act in con­ ber of critics who would deliberately with­ thaginian Senate. Rome's peace terms called cert with, are not necessarily hostile to the hold further development of the Maneuver­ for handing over prisoners and burning Car­ interests of the United States. For too long ing Re-entry Vehicle (MARV) for the reason thage's navy. we delayed in reaching an understanding that it will only encourage the Soviet Union No objection was heard until the Senators with China, until logic overcame blindness, to develop it and thereby add a new dimen­ were presented with the first installment but we have yet to fully comprehend and sion to the arms race. of a large indemnity levied by Rome. This adapt a policy to the national forces that I must confess that I have never heard of produced cries and sobs, at which Hannibal motivate much of the non-Western world. an instance where our adversaries were in­ scandalized them all by bursting into laugh­ Perhaps it is asking too much to expect hibited from developing a new weapon be­ ter. Rebuked for laughing when everyone bold new initiatives at a time when there cause they feared what the consequences else was weeping, Hannibal replied that they is a deep suspicion toward those who nor­ might be from the other side. The area where had felt misfortune only when it impinged mally make foreign policy and further divi­ we enjoyed technological superiority has on private interests. When Carthage was be­ sion as to what that policy should be. It is steadily shrunk, yet if this point of view ing disarmed, nobody raised a groan. Now possible that the political events this year prevails we will deny ourselves what little that contributions had to be wrung from will result in a fresh start being made with edge is still left to us. private purses, they were behaving like a firm mandate from the people. It is in the equally vital category of con­ mourners. But we can ill afford an indefinite delay. ventional weapons that the need is now The time for weeping, Hannibal said, had For over a quarter of a century, in spite of critical. We have pared and pared in the been when their arms and ships were being the ebb and flow of other world forces and support areas until our operational capability taken from them. political mutations which have occurred, it is in jeopardy. has still been the armed strength of the Some weeks ago, I heard-not from my United States that has been the most effec­ colleague from Wisconsin-but in my Com­ tive shield of freedom. mittee, that one-third of all Navy aircraft are In a very real sense, it has been America's either not flying or are in the air without full SELF-DESTRUCTION OF THE strength that has made possible the imiI_l­ operational capability. Recently, in Miramar, UNITED STATES terrupted developments elsewhere in the California, 8 of 12 F-14's had been partially world. The Soviet variable in the world equa­ cannibalized so that the remaining 4 could tion has been limited by that strength. be flown. Imagine this, an inability to pro­ HON. LARRY McDONALD But the role we so willingly assumed in vide adequate spare parts for the newest 1946 is now discomfiting. While we are not combat plane in the Navy's inventory! OF GEORGIA willing to abandon it overtly, we are allow­ Again, last month, I requested an investi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing the mantle to slip slowly from our gation into the operational condition of Thursday, February 19, 1976 shoulders, and it's beginning to show-to the SARATOGA following a very adverse everyone else first--and at the end we may report which I had received. The charges were Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. at last realize it, but it will be too late to unfortunately true, and while there was Speaker, many observers of the current recover. some personnel responsibility, the basic scene have noted our recent trend to-· What was once vital and whose protection difficulties stemm~d from a shortage of funds ward self-destruction and many have was regarded as sacrosanct, is not necessarily to complete the necessary overhaul plus the commented upon our lemming like rush so clear now. Each year, the debate grows fact that the ship is 19 years old and was in the Congress as to the wisdom of pre­ driven unusually hard in the Vietnam War, to the edge of the cliff. On December 28, serving the force levels in Korea or Europe. which shortened its lifespan. 1975, the most prominent Spanish lan­ Last year offered a. respite, but I am certain We may think, or the public may think, guage newspaper in America, Diario Las only because of the fall of South Vietnam in terms of nuclear strategy, but the hard Americas, treated this same topic in an and the brief crisis of the Mayaguez. We fact is that we still have a nuts and bolts excellent editorial which pointed out the are certain to face the question again this armed force to defend us and our interests terrible dangers confronting us unless year. abroad. Provision must be made to replace the trend is reversed. A decision as to whether a modest appro­ equipment as it wears out, from 20 years The editorial follows: priation should be made to improve the for helicopters to 40 yea.rs for some of our logistical facilities on Diego Garcia 1n the support ships. The average life span of all of [From the (Miami, Fla., America, Diario) Indian Ocean was put off and perhaps killed our fighting equipment lies somewhere be­ Las Americas, Dec. 28, 1975] last year because it was feared that such a tween 20 and 30 years. SELF-DESTRUCTION OF THE UN.ITED STATES move would set in motion a confrontation Nor can we sacrifice expenditures in re­ That the alien enemies of the United between the United States and the Soviet search and development. To develop and pro­ States may try to destroy this country, is ex­ Union in that part of the world. In spite duce a new piece of fighting equipment nor­ plicable. That the Soviet Union, Red China, of the eyewitness evidence brought back by mally takes 10 to 15 years. the countries under communist rule and the a Congressional delegation, of which I hap­ To meet our replacement and new weapons communist parties from all the nations of pened to be a. member, of a Soviet base in needs will mean a modest growth rate of 2 % the world may try to destroy morally and Berbera, Somalia, the Senate refused to a year, according to Leonard Sullivan, Assis­ materially the Government and people of the budge. tant Secretary of Defense, who recently ap­ United States, is something that logically has Other examples can be cited, but the im­ peared before the Armed Services Commit­ to be part of the goals and programs of those portant thing to note is that a pattern of tee. His presentation, which I regard as the who see in this great North American nation indecisiveness or reluctance to act will, in best analytical briefing that I have heard in an obstacle to enslave the world with Marx the long run, be destabilizing and counter­ my 7 years in the House, drove home the ism-Leninism. What ha,s no explanation at productive. point that we are slipping further and fur­ all, because it is suicidal, because it is unfair, More ominous, because it strikes at the ther behind our Russian adversary. because it is illogical and because it is trea­ very source of our strength, is the erosion "The momentum of their real military son, is that within the national U.S. territory of our military power. I know that this is growth has proceeded unabated at roughly citizens of this country holding important an oft-repeated theme and the Defense De­ 3 % a year," he notes, "despite 'peaceful co­ positions, whether in the government or in partment is accused of crying "Wolf!" when­ existence,' and despite 'detente'." Ours, on the information media, may devote to cruelly ever the defense budget is brought before the other hand, as a result of inflation and discredit the institutional and moral values Congress. But as one who sits daily on the Congressional cuts, has been declining by of the country, including the revealing of Armed Services Committee, I can assure you more than 1 % a year. Ominously, he con­ its secrets of State to be used by its enemies. that the cry is not false. cluded by warning that we have less than One thing is liberty and another, very The critics of defense spending cite the a decade left to come to grips with federal different, is libertlnism. There are limits set overkill capability of the superpowers. Their fiscal policy and less than a decade left to by dignity, patriotism and even the mini­ thesis is that since we both have sufficient come to grips with the requirements of a mum instinct of self-preservation. And, nuclear power in our arsenals to destroy each strong and stable defense posture. painful is to admit it, not few are those who, other many times over, we need not con­ I commenced this address with a reference enjoying the citizenship of this Republic, go tinue to spend at the levels of the past or to the Punic Wars. You may have concluded beyond those limits in the United States of recommended for the future. Just a few that I meant to substitute America for Car­ America with the pretext of "objectivity" weeks ago, I hea1·d several witnesses from thage and Russia for Rome. Not at all. We and of freedom of information. It is very Februa1~y 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3967 hard to conceive liberty in terms that are [From the Daily Telegraph (Britain), clearly had no intention of keeping. The West suicidal for the fatherland and, in final · Wednesday, Dec. 31, 1975] explicitly accepted the frontiers that were analysis, in terms of slavery for its people. SURVIVAL CALLS FOR SELF-DEFENCE drawn up as a result of the Soviet land-grabs There are responsibilities of a moral and (By Robert M06S) of 1940 and 1945, and added to the despair patriotic sense that cannot be easily by­ of those who have to live bebind them. It passed without incurring in immorality and The year now passing sounded another may well be true that there is nothing we in the severe condemnation of history. There chord in the West's slow recessional, a further can do to change the state of things in East­ is still time to put a stop in the United abdication of world power by the United ern Europe. But that was no reason for openly States of America to that happy-go-lucky States, and a deeper doubt about whether endorsing it. the affluent but self-centered democracies of "liberalism" of liberalolds who every day are A NEW OFFENSIVE supplying the enemy information, guesses, Western Europe were willing to bestir them­ secrets, truths and lies that are destroying selves to do anything to check the rising Even for those who were blinkered, the the national image before the conscience and tide of Soviet influence beyond their shores. issuing of what later became known as the opinion of the rest of the world. This must It was the year that began with the fall "Zarodov doctrine" within a week of the be stopped with prudence and patriotism not of South Vietnam, a count1·y that was so Helsinki agreement should have mad~ things only for the sake of the United States of quickly swallowed up into the totalitarian plain. It was first stated in an article pub­ America, but also for the benefit of the west­ night that the battles that were once fought lished in Pravda by Konstantin Zarodov, a ern civilization, that has in this great North for it already seem to belong to a different prominent Soviet ideologue, on Aug. 6. He American nation its maxmum bulwark of de­ age. The newspapers were full of atrocity argued that Communist parties abroad fense. stories about other far-flung provinces, ruled should go an:..out for proletarian revolution It can not be that only in the United by Right-w'ing dictators, like Chile. But little and should not enter into dangerous com­ States of America it may be possible to do was heard about the cost of revolution in promises for the sake of Social Democrat and say certain things that bring harm to Vietnam-largely because the new masters allies. His article, which was personally en­ the country without all this being the ob­ of Saigon kept the Press out, but partly, ~orsed by Mr. Brezhnev, was part of a stream ject of a firm repulse by the citizenry. In too, because Communist regimes excite less of public statements which suggested that the rest of the world, except in cases cate­ wrath in the United Nations and among the the Russians had become convinced that the gorically defined as treason, such attitudes civil rights establishment than pro-Western "crisis of capitalism"-and the widespread do not happen within the national territory ones. confusion in the West about the nature of and out in the international camp to dis­ But despite the conspiracy of silence, Viet­ Oommunlst power-provided a favourable credit one's own country, especially when nam cast a long shadow over world politics climate for a new oftensive by Moscow-line there are enemies who want to destroy it in 1975. The fear of getting bogged down in Communist parties, especially through the completely. another Vietnam--combined with a deep­ instrument of the political strike. In the last :fifteen years the American peo­ sea.ted distrust of the Presidency and of in­ That this kind of Communist offensive ple have been so confused by their leaders telligence agencies that stemmed from Wa­ failed, at least te~porarily in Portugal, was and by some of their information media., ter-gate and the CIA hearings--explains why one of the few bits of good news in 1975. that not lacking are those who, in good faith, the Senate voted in December to cut o'fr Even by the end of the year-after the fail­ believe that all this that is being done ts, American support fo1· the anti-Soviet forces ure of a putsch inspired by the extreme Left in the end, beneficial to the country, because in Angola, where the stakes, in economic and in November-Portugal's Communists were they appear before the world as sincere strategic terms, are arguably higher than still exploiting the gullibility of the Social­ denouncers of its faults. That ls what those they ever were in Vietnam. ists to cling to a foothold in the Cabinet, so from the outside in bad faith make those The Senate voted that way despite the that nothing had been securely resolved. inside believe, so that they may continue on evidence of massive involvement by the But the way that the Communists had that path, which is the path of moral self­ Soviet bloc, and its Cuban hirelings, in the been beaten back in Portugal held important destruction, that could lead to the chaotic contest for an immensely rich country that lessons for some of its West European neigh­ extremes of the material, political and mm­ could supply Russia with vital naval and air bours. It was the mobilisation of the silent tary destruction of the United States of bases on the Atlantic coast. But before we majority, above all in the traditionally con­ America which communist Imperialism complain about how post-Vietnam America servative north, that spurred hesitant mod­ needs. has become the "lost leader" of the Western erates in the Portuguese Army to act before world, we should pause to ask: why did no it was too late. other Western Power try to fill the vacuum The other good news of 1975 (apart from A EUROPEAN VIEW OF 1975 in Angola? Why was it left to the South the things that did not happen, like a new Africans to st.ep into the breach-for doing Middle East wa.r, or a decision by OPEC to which, of course, they were promptly ex­ double oil prices) was the radical .swing ecrated as "racist aggressors" by every racist, against the Left-wing consensus in Australia HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK tyrannical regime in the Soviet bloc and and New Zealand, and the grass-roots stir­ OF OHIO the Third World? rings that could be detected In the rest of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The sad answer is that the Social Demo­ the Anglo-S'8.Xon world. The important thing about the victory of Mr. Malcolm Fraser, Aus­ Thursday, Febrnary 19, 1976 crat Governments of the Western Europe­ even when conscious of the issues at stake-­ tralla's Liberal Party leader, in December, Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker it is were oblivious to the connection between was not that it came about as the result of an instructive to take a backward l~ok at force, or the threat of force, and foreign idiosyncratic constitution, but that it policy. They were increasingly unready to de­ brought to power a group of thinking con­ what happened in 1975. A sober review servatives who understood something about appeared in the British newspaper the fend their own frontier, let alone support the allies of freedom in Af1ica. Even the the monetary causes of inflation and the Daily Telegraph on Wednesday, Decem­ need to fight a bloody internal war in North­ need to roll back from frontiers of State in­ ber 31, 1975. ern Ireland did not deter Mr. Wilson from tervention in the economy. The year 1975 saw a further retreat hacking away at Britain's armed forces on the Others stood up in the course of 1975 to Of the West before the forces of Com­ pretext of curbing public expenditure. state the obvious things that have too re­ munist totalitarianism. The weakness of But the roots of this paralysis lay deeper cently gone unsaid. Mr. Daniel Patrick the West is not only seen in American still. There was a greater reluctance than Moynihan, America's splendid envoy to the ever, among Europe's Social Democrats. to U.N., stood up to point out that the dele­ foreign policy but also in the policies of gates of racist dictators in the General As­ the West European countries. accept that Soviet-style Communism" is irreconcilable with democratic institutions, sembly have no right to condemn· Zionism While the Soviets continue their drive or that the Soviet Union itself is still em­ as a "racialist doctrine" or to pass judgment for total world domination in Africa and barked on a plan for world domination. on the way other countries conduct their throughout the world, the United States This "no-enemies-on-the-Left" psychology affairs. Western values may have a diminish­ is in the process of dismantling its in­ was symbolised by two extraordinary events ing appeal in the Third World (witness Mm. telligence agencies. The KGB continues in 1975: the red-carpet reception offered by Gandhi's dismantling of Indian's democracy) its activities while CIA agents have their Britain's TUC to the former KGB boss who but that is no reason why the West's own was then running the Soviet trade union fed­ spokesmen should cease to defend them. names published and their lives put into Mr. George Meany, the doughty old warrior danger from such disclosures. eration-which, fortunately, provoked the uproar it merited-and the signing of the of the AFL-CIO, stood up to point out that The enemy is standing at the gates Helsinki agreements in August. East-West trade union contracts subvert the and too many who are inside those gates meaning and purpose of free trade unions. are trying to remove the hinges. The Western Heads of Government who Alexander Solzhenitsyn issued more sombre assembled at Helsinki signed a piece of paper warnings that we had all better wake up to At this point I include in the RECORD confirming the enslavement of Europeans liv­ an article entitled "Survival Calls for the fact that we have been fighting the Third ing east of the Iron Curtain in return for a World War since 1945, and losing ground Self-Defense" by Robert Moss from the few unenforceable pledges about freer move­ Daily Telegraph. from ye9.r to year. ment of people and ideas that the Russians The failure of the Russian grain harvest 3968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 brought it home that the Soviet threat is H.R. 11987 billions developing a plane that nobody founded on nothing more than brute military A bill to amend title 18 of the United States needs and is environmentally dangerous. strength and the naked will to power. In Code to prohibit corporate bribes of for­ But I disagree. Once we cut through the every other sense, it again showed itself to eign officials. emotional rhetoric and look at Coleman's de­ be vastly inferior to its Western rivals. The cision calmly, we find that it makes sense Be it enacted by the Senate and House of and represents progress. question that remained open at the end of Representatives of the United States of 1975 was whether the NATO countries, ab­ Consider the question of sound. There is America in Congress assembled, That chapter no doubt that the Concorde is noisy. They sorbed in their domestic problems, would re­ 11 of title 18 of the United States Code is discover the fact that survival depends on say it is four to eight times as loud as con­ a.mended by adding at the end the following ventional jetliners. self-defense, and that the survival even of new subsection: far-flung provinces like Angola. is bound up But how many people will actually hear with our own. "§225. Bribery by Corporations of Foreign it? The way the critics talk, you would think Officials. the entire country would be disturbed. "(a) Whoever, being a domestic corpora­ In truth, only half a. million people in tion, or its subsidiary, directly or indirectly New York, and even fewer near Washing­ corruptly gives, offers, or promises anything ton, will be exposed to the noise every time DEMANDS FINES AND PRISON SEN­ of value to any foreign official, or offers or the jets rev up. TENCES FOR AMERICAN BUSI­ promises such foreign official to give any­ Is that too great a price to pay to pro­ NESSMEN WHO BRIBE FOREIGN thing of value to any other person or entity, vide greater speed for the 120 passengers who with the intent to influence an official act can ride the Concorde? OFFICIALS of that foreign official, shall be fined not less We have our priorities confused if we are than $500,000 nor more than $25,000,000. willing to sacrifice the convenience of 120 "(b) Whoever, being an officer, employee, people to satisfy the comfort of '500,000 HON. RONALD M. MOTTL or agent, of a. domestic corporation, directly others. OF OHIO or indirectly corruptly gives, offers, or pro­ It may be true that the Concorde's noise mises anything of value to any foreign offi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can make people nervous, upset, and cause cial, or offers or promises such official to give them actual suffering. Thursday, February 19, 1976 anything of value to any other person or But for all we know, many of them are entity with the intent to influence an offi­ nervous and upset anyway. So what's a. lit­ Mr. MOTI'L. Mr. Speaker, the entire cial act of that foreign official affecting such tle more suffering? world is seething with indignation over domestic corporation shall be imprisoned not And remember this: Most of the people recent revelations that a small minority less than 1 nor more than 10 years, or fined who will hear the noise of the Concorde are of American businessmen have been not less than $10,000 nor more than $25,000, New Yorkers. dishing out lavish bribes to corrupt o!fi­ or both. SO if they don't want to be nervous and cials throughout the world. " ( c) For the purpose of this section- upset, why are they living in New York? I think the people of other nations are " ( 1) the term 'domestic corporation' The critics fail to mention how the Con­ means a corporation incorporated under the corde can make the lives of many people entitled to an emphatic declaration that laws of the United States, or any State, dis­ more meaningful and rewarding by permit­ such crooked tactics are not representa­ trict, or other territory of the United States; ting them a. more fulfilling use of their lei­ tives of the moral concepts of the aver­ "(2) the term 'foreign official' means an sure time. age American. · officer or employee or person acting for or Let's say a person has a. two-week vacation As a matter of fact, such payoffs are on behalf of a foreign state or nation or any and wants to go to England. abhorrent and repugnant to most Ameri­ governmental department, agency, or entity By the time he gets on a. conventional jet cans-including the overwhelming ma­ thereof in any official fuction; in New York and gets off in London, he has "(S) the term 'official act' means any deci­ used up about seven hours of his vacation. jority of honest businessmen. sion or action on any question, matter, cause, Then he has to use another seven hours on To make this clear to the entire world, suit, proceeding, or controversy which may at his return trip. I am introducing a bill that would impose any time be pending, or at any time be Little wonder that so many people return severe penalties on corporations and brought before a public official, in his offi­ from trips not fulfilled or even adequately their executives which persist in pollut­ cial capacity, or in his place of trust or p1·0- tanned. ing intemational commerce with im­ flt." But by riding the Concorde, he will get proper payoffs. SEC. 2. The table of sections for chapter 11 there in only 3 hours and 45 minutes. of title 18 of the United States Code ill So he will have about three hours of extra It is more important for the people of amended by inserting at the end the follow­ vacation. By the time other, slower travelers all nations to have a healthy and merited ing new item: arrive, he will already have seen the Tower of respect for the moral integrity of America "225. Bribery by corporations of foreign London and ea.ten some fish and chips. than for any corporation to obtain a officials." And we should also remember the needs of contract by bribery and corruption. the busy person who gets only a. one-day It is especially shocking that several vacation. By the time he gets out to the airport and companies which have admitted bribing files to London, he barely has time for a. glass foreign officials are manufacturers of of a.le in the terminal before he must board a military weapons. THE SST AND THE CONCORDE plane for his i·eturn flight to New York. It is particularly perturbing that one · He returns to his job without having un­ major corporation which was only re­ wound. cently "bailed out" by the Federal Gov­ But with the Concorde, he can fly to Lon­ · HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE don in half the time, which permits him to ernment managed to find mil11ons of dol­ OF MISSOURI take a fast cab through Plcadilly Circus, lars to pass under the table in crooked IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have his ale in a pub, buy a genuine English deals throughout the world, despite its raincoat, and fiy back to New York with his financial embarrassment. Thursday, February 19, 1976 emotional battery recharged. Such tactics are intolerable and in­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, as the I'm sure that many people in other parts of defensible. SST and the Concorde is much in the the country believe that they won't be able They are giving America a black eye news, perhaps the following article by to take advantage of the Concorde's speed because it will be limited to New York and in the court of public opinion throughout Mike Royko will provide helpful guid­ Washington. But that's not true. the world. ance: Let's take Chicagoans. Using conventional The bribe-givers are as criminal and DON'T KNOCK A SUPER PLANE jets, we can fiy nonstop to London in about culpable as the bribe-takers. (By Mike Royko) eight hours. Their corrupt practices have dealt our Everybody is jumping all over William But because of the Concorde, we will have country's international prestige a cruel Coleman, the secretary of transportation, be­ a faster alternative. blow. If we are to recover from the dam­ All we have to do is :fly from Chicago to cause he wants to let the supersonic Con­ New York on a regular plane, allowing an age, we must quickly repudiate the bribe­ corde into this country. hour to transfer luggage and change planes. givers and tell the world that they do not The critics say Coleman has sold out mil­ Then the Concorde will take us on to represent "normal American business lions of ordinary Americans, whose ea.rs will London. And we will get there in a.bout seven methods." be exposed to the ten·ible noise of the new hours, over-all. My bill would punish the perpetrators jetliner. Thus, we will have saved one full hour in of international bribes with both sub­ And they say he and the Ford administra­ our busy schedules. stantial fines and prison sentences. tion did it only to satisfy the British and Of course it will cost a little more. Flying The proposed bill reads: French governments, which foolishly spent the old-fashioned way will cost about $250, February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3969 more or less, depending on the season and ment. I am certain that my colleagues the President ls unable to discharge the the kind of round-trip ticket you buy. will find noteworthy the provisions which powers and duties of his office, the Vice The new, faster way will cost $725. mandate that the President provide us President shall immediately assume the But time is money, so I'm sure most powers and duties of the office as Acting Chicagoans would be willing to spend about with at least semi-annual State of the President. $500 to save an hour. (And, remember, $1,000 Union addresses. These students want Thereafter, when the President transmits w ill save you two hours, round trip.) the President and Congress to work to­ to the President pro tempore of the Senate You get free caviar and champagne, too. gether, and I am confident that we share and the Speaker of the House of Representa­ So if you eat and drink enough of it, you their sentiments. tives his written declaration that no inability might break even. Mr. Speaker, this has been an admh·­ exists, he shall resume the powers and duties •Listening to the critics go at Coleman, I able exercise in democratic action that of his office unless the Vice President and a remember the story of the humble beer can. majority of either the principal officers of the Years ago, if a man wanted the simple these Saginaw students have taken. I am executive department or of such other body pleasure of sitting in his backyard and drink­ certain that all of my colleagues will be as Congress may by law provide, transmit ing some beer, it wasn't easy. very interested in these provisions of the within four days to the President pro tem­ He had to get his bucket and walk down Saginaw Student Constitution. pore of the Senate and the Speaker of the the street to a tavern, probably a block or The provisions follow: House of Representatives, their written dec­ two away. The bartender had to fill the ARTICLE II laration that the President is unable to bucket, and the man had to carry the bucket SECTION 1 discharge the powers and duties of his back to his backyard. office. Thereupon, Congress shall decide the Then somebody invented the beer can and 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of Amer­ issue, assembling within forty-eight hours the traditionalists scoffed and said, "What for that purpose, if not in session. If the good is it?" ica. He shall hold office during the term Congress, within twenty-one days after re­ But today if a man wants to sit in his of four years and can be elected to this office ceipt of the latter written declaration, or, if backyard and drink beer, all he has to do twice. The Vice President will be chosen for Congress is not in session, within twenty-one is get the keys to his car, go out to the drive­ the same term. days after Congress is required to assemble, way and start the engine up, drive to the 2. The election of the President and Vice determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses nearest shopping center, go into the Uquor President shall involve a national primary that the President is unable to discharge the mart, get a six-pack out of the cooler, stand with a national election involving all the powers and duties of his office, the Vice in the checkout line, get back in his car, states, registered voters and independent President shall continue to discharge the start the engine up, return to his driveway, parties. same as Acting President; otherwise, the and sit down in the backyard. · The primary shall proceed in a fashion President shall resume the powers and duties Then, with a leisurely twist of his wrist, where those interested have a petition with of his office. the top pops right off. one per cent of the registered voters signa­ 8. The President shall, at stated times, It's in this tradition of progress that Cole­ tures to qualify for the race. This must be receive for his services, a compensation man made his decision. I'll bet he has a top submitted to Congress by April 13th unless it which shall be determined by a majority of that pops off, too. falls on a national holiday in which case it both Houses. This compensation can neither will be moved ahead one day of the election be increased or diminished during the period year. for which he shall have been elected, and The national primary will be held on he shall not receive any other emolument SAGINAW STUDENTS CALL FOR August Seventh unless it falls on a national from the United States, foreign nations, GREATER OVERSIGHT OF PRESI­ holiday or Sunday in which case it will be private industry, or any other sources as Con­ DENT moved ahead one day, with registered mem­ gress may dictate within his term of office. bers of each party voting. 9. In the event of the removal, death, A national election will be held on No­ resignation or inability of both President and vember Seventh unless it falls on a national Vice President, the Speaker of the House, HON. BOB TRAXLER holiday or Sunday in which case it will be President pro tempore and cabinet members OF MICHIGAN moved ahead one day, of each successive fou1·­ in order of their establishment, will fill the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year term of office. This election will in­ vacancy of the President in that order pro­ Thursday, February 19, 1976 volve all registered voters and independent vided they meet the qualifications of the parties, and the outcome will be determined President of the United States. Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, the stu­ by majority vote. 10. Before he enters on the Execution of his dents involved in the Saginaw Consti­ The process for the election of the Vice Office, he shall take the following oath or tutional Convention have taken much President will be the same as for President. affirmation:-"! do solemnly swear (or time to review the powers of the Pres­ The Vice President wm be nominated sep­ affirm) that I will faithfully execute the ident within their proceedings. They arately from the President in the National Office of President of the United States and Primary, but in the same party column. The will to th~ best of my ability, preserve,' pro­ have also been very involved in the con­ Vice President will then run with the Presi­ tect and defend the Constitution of the sideration of the method of electing our dent in the National Election. United States and the people thereof." President and the determination of can­ 3. No person except a natural born citizen SECTION 2 didates for the Presidency. of the United States shall be eligible to the 1. The President shall be Commander in Today, article II of the Saginaw Stu­ office of President; neither shall any person Chief of the Armed Forces of the United dent Constitution presents us with their be eligible to that office who shall not have States, and of the Militia of all States; when proposal for a modified Executive. Most attained the age of thirty-five years and had called into the actual service of the United notably, the students have mandated a been a resident for fourteen successive years States, he may require the opinion, in writ­ national primary to be held in August prior to the election. ing, of the principal officers in each of the ex­ 4. In case of the removal of the President ecutive departments, upon any subject re­ of each year, and all nominating peti­ from ofii::e or by death or resignation, the Vice tions must be reviewed by the Congress. President shall become President. lating to the duties of their respective offices. In a new fashion, the students propose 5. Whenever there is a vacancy in the of­ The President must report to Congress after direct nomination of the Vice Presiden­ fice of the Vice President, the President shall thirty days of any employment or use of any tial candidate. The scene at our party nominate a Vice President who shall take employment or use of military troops. And he conventions in which the Presidential office upon confirmation by a majority vote shall have the power to grant reprieves and candidate has ample influence in the se­ of both Houses of Congress. pardons, with two-thirds approval of Con­ lection of the Vice Presidential candidate 6. Whenever the President transmits to gress, for offenses against the United States, will be eliminated. the President pro tempore of the Senate and except in cases of impeachment. Interestingly, the students have man­ the Speaker of the House of Representatives· 2. He shall have power by and with the dated that registered voters must par­ his written declaration that he is unable advice and consent of the Senate to make to discharge the powers and duties of his treaties, prov'ided two-thirds of the Senators ticipate in the elections, and they provide office, and until he transmits to them a that a voter remains registered unless he written declaration to the contrary, such present concur; and he shall nominate, and does not vote. Even more significant is powers and duties shall be discharged by the by and with advice and consent of the Su­ that the students provide for a direct Vice President as Acting President. preme Court, and all other officers of the election by majority vote. 7. Whenever the Vice President and a % United States whose appointments are not Presidential duties and congressional majority of either the principal officers of herein provided for, e.nd which shall be es­ oversight are clearly extended. It is in­ the executive departments or of such other tablished by law: but the Congress may by body as Congress may by law provide, trans­ law, vest the appointment of such interior cluded in the Constituticn that a Pres­ mit to the President pro tempore of the officers as they think proper, in the President ident must have a two-thirds agreement Senate and the Speaker of the House of Rep­ alone, in the courts of law or in the heads of from Congress for any executive agree- resentatives their written declaration that departments. The President shall have the cxxrr--252-Part 4 3970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb1"uary 19, 1976 power to create, reshape and abolish execu­ agencies. Much pruning should take piration dates for effectiveness, to be tive offices. place, I believe. A related measure I en­ clearly marked. They require labeling of The President shall have power to fill all vacancies that may occur during the recess dorse is H.R. 15, a bill to regulate lobby­ pharmaceuticals by generic name to of the Senate by granting Commissions which ing practices and provide for the disclo­ clarify content, and posting of prices for shall expire at the end of their next session. sure of sources and backing by those who the 100 most commonly prescribed drugs. A Congressional yearly committee will be es­ contact the legislative and executive Another major piece of legislation I am tablished to investigate and present evidence branches with the intent of influencing cosponsoring is H.R. 3547, a bill to to the Senatorial party. legislation. I am also a member of a Task amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cos­ 3. The President of the United States must Force on the Abuse and Concentration metic Act and the Fair Packaging and inform Congress of any and all executive of Power which was organized by the agreements. Any and all executive agree­ Labeling Act. This legislation would re­ ments made by the President must have a 94th Congress New Members Caucus. We quire labels on food products to disclose two-thirds majority of Congress. are now in the process of preparing a all of the ingredients, nutritional con­ final report which will blueprint several tent, weight data, storage information, SECTION 3 routes to be followed in an attempt to manufacturers, packers, distributors, 1. He shall, at least twice yearly, give to the Congress, information of the State of identify and devise legislation to abolish, and the unit prices. the Union, and recommend to their consid­ overhaul, and reform various sections of The most publicized consumer-related eration such measures as he shall judge nec­ the Federal Government. activity of this Congress has been the essary and expedient. He may, on extl'n.ordi­ I am cognizant of the tremendous passage of the Agency for Consumer Pro­ nary occasions, convene both Houses, or ei­ paperwork burden placed on businesses, tection. I voted against this bill not be­ the·r of them, and in case of disagreement be­ as consumers, through the creation of cause I don't believe consumers should tween them, with respect to the time of ad­ new agencies and the implementation of be protected, but because the establish­ journment, he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers, he shall take care new acts. Among these are environmen­ ment of another agency did little to do that the laws be faithfully executed and tal impact statements from the Environ­ so. This legislation would establish an shall commission all the officers of the United mental Protection Agency, extensive independent body to represent and ad­ States. forms from the Real Estate Settlement vocate consumer interests before Gov­ SECTION 6 and Procedures Act, and reporting re­ ernment agencies and the courts, and 1. The President, Vice President and all quirements and filing of forms with the was heavily lobbied by both sides during civil officers of the United States shall be Occupational Safety and Health Admin­ its consideration in the Congress. I was removed from office on impeachment for, and istration. Relief of this burdensome pa­ doubtful that this type of super-agency conviction of, treason, bribery or other high perwork is a high priority in my con­ in Washington would be able to meet any crimes as the House of Representatives sees sumer action plan and I am cosponsor­ consumer needs commensurate with the fit. ing H.R. 3740, a Paperwork Reform Act, cost and effort it would take to establish which empowers the General Services it. Administration to study and revise rec­ While the benefits of such an agency CONSUMER CONCERNS ords management procedures. This action were questionable, the certainties that it is to simplify the methods of creating, would result in higher production costs, using, maintaining, and disposing of higher prices, standardized market prod­ HON. ALLAN T. HOWE public records and will undoubtedly have ucts, probably greater unemployment OF UTAH a positive effect in the private sector. I and an increased Federal deficit due to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES also intend to support these kinds of expanding Government, were realities. Thursday, February 19, 1976 measures to reduce paperwork for both To try to temper what I considered coun­ consumers and businesses. terproductive legislation, I voted in favor Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, one of the I have cosponsored legislation, as part of several amendments, all of which problems in drafting, implementing, and of my effort to improve product stand­ passed, that qualify the scope of the understanding consumer legislation is the ards for consumers, and believe these bills agency. One includes an exemption for mystery which surrounds who a con­ directly attack specitic areas of abuse. small businesses, with few employees or sumer really is and what exactly is the H.R. 2079, the Consumer Class Action production, from having to answer in­ elusive "consumer interest." In repre­ Act, of which I am a cosponsor, would terrogatories from the new agency; an­ senting my Utah constituency in Con­ allow consumers to sue as a class action other exempts agricultural products from gress and dealing with individual prob­ for "unfair consumer practices" as de­ the jurisdiction of the agency because lems, I have discovered that there is no fined in the act. Many have had experi­ they are already regulated, and a third single consumer interest. There is, in ences of buying a product, later realizing amendment transfers to the agency sev­ fact, a host of often conflicting, or ill-de­ that they were a victim of fraud and eral existing consumer-related programs fined consumer interests. For example, is then suffering the frustration of having throughout the executive branch whose the consumer interest that of an individ­ no vehicle for adequate legal action to functions would be duplicated. ual seeking affordable housing or is it air grievances or recover damages unless This amendment will unify Goven1- the interest of one seeking a durable in­ one can afford an individual expensive ment efforts in consumer protection and vestment? Is it the woman demanding lawsuit. This bill would provide appro­ cut costs of overlapping jurisdictions. high quality nutritious foods or the priate channels for redress, and give con­ Last, I voted in favor of the automatic woman trying to meet the bulk require­ sumers the necessary leg-al support to termination of the agency at the end of ments o.f a family of five children in the take action against unfair and illegal 7 years when it must again be acted on face of inflation? More often than not, practices. I believe the inclusion of by Congress. The Senate and House ver­ it is both, which further complicates any stronger court action is paramount in sions of this bill will soon go to confer­ substantive legislation in the consumer any drive toward consumer protection. ence to worl{ out the differences. Presi­ area. I have long had concern that a major dent Ford has said he may veto the bill In my capacity as your Representative burden for consumers is the high cost of when it reaches his desk. from Utah, I have tried to respond to medicine, especially for elderly citizens As an alterhative to this agency, I what I consider some of the more impor­ on fixed incomes. I was pleased the Utah would favor using materials, staffs, and tant and urgent needs of my constitu­ Legislature recently repealed the sales organizations to reinforce and ency. My directions have been primarily tax on drugs for senior citizens. Studies strengthen existing consumer advocacy based on the mail I have received which show that American consumers are centers within agencies to make them I believe is a good indicator of local con­ forced to pay over $1 billion annually in more responsive to consumer problems. cerns. One of these is the effect of big unnecessary prescription drug costs be­ Instead of adding another layer to our Government on consumer interests. My cause of prohibitions on retail advertis­ already rampant bureaucracy, efforts activities have centered on reform of big ing, overprotective patent laws, and un­ should be made toward increasing the Government which is an area on which reasonable markups. I have tried to pro­ clout of consumer advocates in govern­ I hope to have legislative impact th:mugh tect consumers from abuses in this area ment now and not simply amplifying a. bill I recently introduced, The Federal through cosponsoring several pieces of their voice. .Regulato1·y Review Act y the people, for other medical expenses. The remainder newspapers about the problems of unem­ and for the people? Or are we to remain sim­ of these premiums can be deducted, but is subject to the 3 % rule. ployment, inflation, foreign policy and the ply a dormant body of people through which sluggish economy. They also tell the sub­ politicians elevate and perpetuate themselves DRUGS AND .M EDICINES scribers about the fine product being pro­ Included in medical expenses (::;iubject to duced by automation. It's all being done in in office? How does the problem look from the name of progress. where you are sitting, sir? 3% rule) but only to extent exceeding 1 % True progress involves people. People pay In the meantime, if someone I know of adjusted gross income (line 15, Form 1040). taxes. People buy goods and services. Like should spot me shifting from foot to foot in OTHER MEDICAL EXPENSES love and inarriage, or a horse and carriage; the long unemployment lines, it's because Other ·allowable medical and dental · ex­ in any kh1d of weather, people and progress 1'1n very uncomfortable and angry to be pense (subject t.o · 3% · limitation): go together. Automation doesn't automati­ forced into such a position. Abdominal supports (prescribed by a ·doc­ cally spell progress until it is translated in Sincerely yours, tor). terms of more jobs, more pa.ychecl{S and THEODORE M. ZONA, Acupuncture services: more purchasing power. We cannot continue San Leandro, Cali/. Ambulg,1ice ·h.lre. Februa1"y 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3973 Anesthetist. · . . your adjusted gross income any nontaxable the case of property held for personal use, Arch supports (prescribed by a doctor). income (e.g., Social Security, Veterans' pen­ by the $100 limitation. You may use Form Artificial limbs and teeth. sion or compensation payments, Railroad 4684 for computing your personal casualty Back supports (prescribed by a doctor). Retirement annuities, workmen's compen­ loss. Braces. sation, untaxed portion of long-term capital CHILD AND DISABLED DEPENDENT CARE EXPENSES Capital expenditures for medical purposes gains, recovery of pension costs, dividends A taxpayer who maintains a household (e.g., elevator for persons with a heart all­ exclusion, interest on municipal bonds, un­ may claim a deduction for employment­ ment)--deductible to the extent that the employment compensation and public assist­ related expenses incurred in obtaining · care cost of the capital expenditure exceeds the ance payments)_. for a (1) dependent who is under 15, (2) increase in value to your home because of CONTRIBUTIONS physically or mentally disabled dependent, the capital expenditure. Taxpayer should In general, contributions may be deducted or (3) disabled spouse. The maximum allow­ have an independent appraisal made to re­ up to 50 percent of your adjusted gross in­ able deduction is $400 a month ( $4,800 a flect clearly the increase in value. come (line 15, Form 1040). However, con­ year). As a general rule, employment-related Cardiographs. tributions to certain private nonprofit foun­ expenses are deductible only if incurred for Chiropodist. dations, veterans organizations, or fraternal services for a qualifying individual in the Chiropractor. societies are limited to 20% of adjusted gross taxpayer's househpld. However, an exception Christian Science practitioner, authorized. income. exists for child care expenses (as distin­ Convalescent home (for medical treatment Cash contributions to qualified organiza­ guished from a disabled dependent or a dis­ only). · tions for (1) religious, charitable, scientific, abled spouse). In this case, expenses outside Crutches. literary or educational purposes, (2) preven­ the household (e.g., day care expenditures) Dental services (e.g., cleaning, X-ray, filling tion of cruelty to children· or animals, or (3) are deductible, but the maximum deduction teeth). Federal, State or local governmental units is $200 per mopth for one child, $300 per Dentures. (tuition for children attending parochial month for two children, and $400 per month Dermatologist. schools is not deductible). Fair market value for three or more children. Eyeglasses. for property (e.g., clothing, books, equip­ When a taxpayer's adjusted gross income Food or beverages specially prescribed by ment, furniture) for charitable purposes. (line 15, Form 10404) exceeds $18,000, the a physician (for treatment of illness, and in (For gifts of appreciated property, special deduction is reduced by $1 for each $2 of addition to, not as substitute for, regular rules apply. Contact local IRS office.) income above this amount. For further in­ diet; physician's statement needed). Travel expenses (actual or 7c per mile plus formation about child and dependent care Gynecologist. parking and tolls) for charitable purposes deductions, see Publication 503, Child Care Hearing aids and batteries. (may not deduct insurance or depreciation and Disabled Dependent Care, available free Home health services. in either case) . at Internal Revenue offices. Hospital expenses. Cost and upkeep of uniforms used in MISCELLANEOUS Insulin treatment. charitable activities (e.g., scoutmaster). Invalid chair. Purchase of goods or tickets from charita­ Alimony and separate maintenance (peri­ Lab tests. ble organizations (excess of amount paid over odic payments). Lip reading lessons (designed to overcome the fair market value of the goods or serv­ Appraisal fees for casualty loss or to de­ a handicap) . ices). termine the fair market value of charitable Neurologist. Out-of-:-pocket expenses (e.g., postage, sta­ contributions. Nursing services (for medical care, includ- tionery, phone calls) while rendering services Union dues. ing nurse's board paid by you). for charita.ble organizations. . Cost of preparation of income tax return. Occupational therapist. Care of unrelated student in taxpayer's Cost of tools for employee (depreciated Ophthalmologist. home under a written l),greement with a over the useful life of the tools). Optician. qualifying organization (deduction is limited Dues for Chamber of Commerce · (if as a Optometrist. to $50 per month). business expense) . Oral surgery. Rental cost of a safe-deposit box for in- Osteopath, licensecl. INTEREST come-producing property. Pediatrician. Home mortgage. Fees paid to investment counselors. Physical examinations. Auto loan. Subscriptions to business publications. Physician. Installment purchases (television, washer, Telephone and postage in connection with Physical therapist. dryer, etc.). investments. Podiatrist. Bank credit card--can deduct the finance Uniforms required for employment and Psychiatrist. charges as interest if no part is for service not generally wearable off the job. Psychoanalyst. charges, loan fees, or credit investigation Maintenance of uniforms required for em­ Psychologist. fees, or similar charges. ployment. Psychotherapy. Points--deductible as interest by buyer Special safety apparel· (e.g., steel toe safety Radium therapy. . where financing agreement provides that shoes or helmets worn by construction work­ Sacroiliac belt (presented by a doctor). they are to be paid for use of lender's money. ers; special masks worn by welders). Seeing-eye dog and maintenance. Not deductible if points represent charges Business entertainment expenses. Speech therapist. for services rendered by the lending institu­ Business gift expenses not exceeding $25 Splints. tion (e.g., VA loan points are service charges per recipient. Supplementary medical insurance (Part B) and are not deductible as interest). Not Employment agency fees under certain cir­ under Medicare. deductible if paid by seller (are treated as cumstances. Surgeon. selling expenses , and represent a reduction Cost of a periodic physical examination if Telephone/teletype special communica­ of amount realized). required by employer. tio:µs equipment for the deaf. Penalty for prepayment of a mortgage­ Cost of installation and maintenance of Transportation expen5es for medical pur­ deductible as interest. a telephone required by the taxpayer's em­ poses (7¢ per mile plus parking and tolls or Revolving charge accounts-may ded,uct ployment (deduction based on business use) . actual fates for taxi, buses, etc.) • the "finance charge" if the charges are based Cost of bond if 1·equired for employment. Vaccines. on your unpaid balance and computed Expenses of an office in your home if em­ Vitamins prescribed by a doctor (but not monthly. ployment requires it. taken as a food supplement or to preserve Other charge accounts for installment pur­ Payments made by a teacher to a sub­ general health). cha.ses-may deduct the lesser of ( 1) 6 % of stitute. Wheelchairs. the average monthly balance (average Educational expenses required by your em­ Whirlpool baths for medical purposes. monthly balance equals the total of the un­ ployer to maintain your position or for X-rays. paid balances for all 12 months, divided by maintaining or sharpening your skills for TAXES 12) or (2) the portion of the total fee or your employment. Real estate. service charge allocable to the year. Political Campaign Contributions.-Tax­ State and local gasoline. CASUALTY OR THEFT LOSSES payers may now claim either a deduction General sales. Casualty (e.g., tornado, flood, storm, fire, (line 33, Schedule A, Form 1040) or a credit State and local income. (line 51, Form 1040), for campaign contribu­ Personal property. or auto accident provided not caused by a tions to an individual who is a candidate for If sales tax tables are used in arriving at willful act or willful negligence) or theft nomination or election to any Federal, State, your deduction, you may add to the amount losses to nonbusiness property-the amount or local office in any primary, general or spe­ shown in the tax tables only the sales tax of your casualty loss deduction is generally cial election. The deduction or credit is also paid on th.e purchase of five classes <>f items: the lesser of ( 1) the decrease in fair market applicable for any ( 1) committee supporting automobiles, airplanes, boats, mobile homes, value of the property as a result of the casu­ a candidate for Federal, State, or local eleo• and materials used to build a new home alty, or (2) your adjusted basis in the prop­ tive public office, (2) national committee of when you are your own contractor. erty. This amount must be further reduced a national political party, (3) State com• When using the sales tax tables, add to by any insurance or other recovery, and, in mittee of a national political party, or (4) 3974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febnw1·y 19, 1976 local committee of a national political party. 2. He owned and occupied the property as Intelligence made it impossible for me The maximum deduction is $100 ($200 for his personal residence for a periOd totaling at to prepare my annual report to my con­ couples filing jointly). The amount of the leaat 5 yea.rs within the 8-y~ai· period end­ tax credit is one-half of the political contri­ ing on the date of the sale. stituents until the Committee's work was bution, witl,l a $25 ceiling ($50 for couples Taxpayers meeting these two requirements completed. That job having been :finished filing jointly). may elect to exclude the entire gain from last week, herewith is my 15th annual Presidential Election Campaign Fund.­ gross income if the adjusted sales price of report to the First Congressional District Additionally, taxpayers may voluntarily ear­ their residence 1s $20,000 or less. (This elec­ for the State of New York. mark $1 of their taxes ( $2 on joint returns) tion can only be made once during a tax­ 1975 was, if nothing else, the hardest to help defray the costs of the 1976 Presiden­ payer's lifetime.) If the adjusted sales price working year for the Congress of the tial election campaign. exceeds $20,000, -an election may be made to For any questions concerning any of these exclude part of the gain based on a ratio of United States and for this Congressman. items, contact your local ms office. You may $20,000 over the adjusted sales price of the During the session which began on Jan­ also obtain helpful publications and addi­ residence. Form 2119 (Sale or Exchange of uary 14 and ended only on December 19, tional forms by contacting your local ms Personal Residence) 1s helpful in determin­ the House took 612 recorded votes, 71 office. ing what gain, if any, may be excluded by an more than the previous high set in 1973. Other tax reliej 11zevemment a person may be claimed as a dependent of income in excess of $1,200 up to $1,700, plus another taxpayer. provided five tests a.re met. the total amount over $1,700. Persons 72 and deficits in order to help the economy. We (1) Support, (2) gross income, (3) member over are not subject to the e:lirned income passed a bill which cut individual taxes of household or relationship, ( 4) citizenship, llmitation. by $16.2 billion and business taxes by $5.1 and ( 5) separate return. But in some cases. Schedule R is used for taxpayers who claim billion over a 2-year period. In. March, two or more individuals provide· support for the retirement income credit. still deeply concerned with the economy an individual, and no one has contributed The Internal Revenue Service Will also compute the retirement income credit for we passed legislation seeking to reduce more than half the person's support. How­ a taxpayer if he has requested that IRS com­ interest rates and the first of several bills ever, it still may be possible for one of the pute his tax, he answers the questions for providing emergency employment oppor­ individuals to be entitled to a $750 depend­ ency deduction if the following requirements columns A and B, and he completes lines tunities. Despite our economic problems are met for multiple support: 2 and 5 on Schedule R-rela.ting to the at home we also in the same month ap­ amount of his Social Security benefits, Rail­ propriated $3.5 billion for foreign eco- 1. Two or more persons--any one of whom road Retirement annuities, earned income, could claim the person as a dependent if it and qualifying retirement income (pen­ nomic and military aid. · were not for the support test-together con­ sions, annuities, interest, dividends, and In April, the most controversial issue tribute more than half of the dependent's rents) . The taxpayer should also write " RIC" before the House was the question of pro­ support. on line 17, Form 1040. viding additional assistance to South 2. Any one of t h ose who individually con­ Vietnam for humanitarian purposes and tribute more than 10% of the mutual de­ pendent's support, but only one of them, may evacuation programs and in a series of claim the dependency deduction. 16 votes over a 3-day period it was finally 3. Each of the others must file a written CONGRESSMAN OTIS G. PIKE RE­ agreed to do so to the extent of approxi­ statement that he will not claim the de­ PORTS TO HIS CONSTITUENTS ON mately $325 million. pendency deduction for that year. The state­ FIRST SESSION, 94TH CONGRESS One of the new innovations in our con­ ment must be filed with the income tax re­ turn of the person who claims the depend­ gressional procedures instituted this year ency deduction. Fo1·m 2120 (Multiple Support HON. OTIS G. PIKE is the adoption of an overall congres­ Declaration) may be used for this purpose. sional budget within which all actions of OF N EW YORK Sale oJ Personal Residence by Elderly Tax­ Congress in the appropriation of money payers.-A taxpayer ma.y elect to exclude I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE S must fit. In May we voted for the first from gross income pa.rt, or, under certain Thursday, February 19, 1976 time on such a budget resolution setting "Circumstances, all of the ga.in from the sale of. his personal residence, provided: Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, the time in­ overall targets for the year beginning on 1. He was 65 or older before the date of the volved during the past 7 months with the July l, o~ $368.2 billion in budget ex­ sale, and work of the House Select Committee on penses, only $298.1 billion in revenues February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3975 and a resulting deficit of approximately After three sessions of often acrimonious First, the bill authorizing Federal loans $70 billion. debate and several votes on alternative pro­ of up to $2.3 billion a year to help New posals, the House July 17 by voice vote The Vietnam situation deteriorated passed a resolution (H. Res. 591) abolishing York City meet its financial crisis. Sec­ rapidly and only 3 weeks after we had the 10-member Select Intelligence Commit­ ond, a bill both continuing the tax reduc­ approved $325 million to help evacuate tee created by the House Feb. 19 and replac­ tions voted at the beginning of the year people from Vietnam, we approved $507 ing it with a 13-member panel having an permanently and also closing quite a few million to care for and resettle those ref­ identical mandate to invest igate t he U.S. in­ loopholes (the loophole part died in a. ugees. In May we failed for the first telligence establishment. House-Senate Conference), and lastly, time in 1975, but far from the last time, . From July 17 when that resolution was voting to prohibit federally funded air­ to override a Presidential veto-this for passed until last week when the commit­ ports from permitting the landing of su­ the price support program for wheat, tee filed its final recommendations that personic transports for a 6-month period. cotton, corn, and other feed grains and investigation occupied most of my time, As I said at the outset, the voting rec­ dairy products. On this one I thought my efforts, and my energies. In view of ord appended hereto cannot possibly in­ the President was right and voted against the controversy which had surrounded clude all of the votes. I have tried to in­ overriding the veto. the committee before I got on it, I knew clude the ones on which I got the most We spent 2 days and had 11 . re­ the job would not be easy. The contro­ mail or criticism. To include all of the corded votes on various issues in our versy remained throughout our work, but votes would make not only terribly small ·Defense Department procurement bill that is another subject on which I could print, but terribly dull reading. As an before authorizing $26.5 billion in weap­ write a book, but probably won't. example, on July 31 the House had 6 ons procurement and research for the Another acrimonious issue coming to consecutive record votes on motions to Department of Defense. the floor in July was the question of adjourn. That does not read like much, In June another attempt to override whether Amerieans would continue to but they were very controversial votes a Presidential veto failed-this one by provide arms to Turkey, a NATO ally, nonetheless. Those of us who voted just five votes. At issue was a $5.3 billion when those arms had apparently been "yea" (and this Congressman voted to appropriation to provide more than 1 used by Turkey in an invasion of Cyprus adjourn six times) were trying tog.et the million emergency jobs. This vote and a to the detriment of Greece, another House NOT to consider the resumption of series of other votes like it illustrated NATO ally. . arms sales to Turkey. more than anything else the difference Through most of August the House between the President and the Congress To close with a personal note, the Con­ took a summer vacation, but our Intel­ gressman grew at least a year older dur­ on the issue of our economy. The Presi­ ligence Committee continued to work dent's basic position being that Federal ing the year, stayed healthy, took a lot job programs didn't work and weren't during part of that period. of raps, gave some out, got some praise, worth the cost and the Congress feeling September saw the passage of a bill worked very, very hard, and continued to that something had to b.e done by the which had been very controversial in enjoy the high honor of representing over Federal Government in view of the con­ the past but which this year passed by half a million people in the Congress of tinuing high unemployment rates. a wide margin because it was wholly the United States. voluntary and educational instead of My voting record follows: In June, also, the House considered for mandatory - the conversion of the 10 days and through 22 separate record­ United States of America from our pres­ VOTING RECORD, 1975 ed votes on amendments what was per­ ent system to the metric system of · DATE, ISSUE, AND PIKE VOTE haps the most controversial legislation measurement. Also, in September we January 14 of the year-the so-called energy tax bill undid something we had done a few For election of the Speaker of the House which sought to use our tax code to con­ years ago-putting Veterans Day back of R~presentatives for the 94th Congress the serve energy through a combination of nominees were Rep. Carl Albert, Speaker since subsidies for things like solar energy and to November 11 (people my· age still 1971, and Rep. John J. Rhodes, minority lead­ insulation installed in homes and taxes think of it as Armistice Day) instead er since 1973. Albert was elected 287-143 on the manufacturers or importers of gas of trying to create another 3-day week­ Albert. guzzling cars. end by making it the fourth Monday in February 19 The House amended the bill so long October. Passage of the bill to authorize additional and weakened it so much that this Con­ October showed the passage of what financial assistance totaling $347 million in gressman felt that oy the time we were is annually always ou1~ biggest appro­ the form of operating grants and federally through with it, it was not worth having priation, $90 billion for the Department guaranteed loans to financially a111ng rail­ and voted against it on final passage. of Defense. October also showed passage roads in the Northeast and Midwest being of a long-awaited bill sponsored by this reorganized under the Regional Railroad Re­ During the course of the year there were organization Act of 1973. (yea 270; nay 137). probably more votes on energy than any Congressman and supported by most­ Yea. other subject and at the end of June we

Recommendation.s The Subcommittee also heard testimony hood" of additional uranium resources being The Subcommittee recommends that the and received information to the effect that identified, the need and timing fo~ the ERDA vigorously pursue its National Ura­ the need for the breeder had been overstated, LMFBR is uncertain at best. nium Resources Evaluation Program to es­ and that the projected benefits were not to With regard to the subject of LMFBR tablish projections of the uranium resource be had. In general, those groups or individ­ commercialization, the Subcommittee exam­ of this Nation with the greatest possible uals opposing the breeder were found to do ined the issue of whether or not proceeding accuracy. so based on the same arguments that pro­ with the LMFBR R. & D. program now, ponents cite to favor its development, but specifically with the CRBR project, repre­ This Nation should also pursue technologi­ the opponents generally place a different in­ sents an irreversible commitment to com­ cal options which will extend the energy terpretation on the factors cited above. For mercialization. It was found that any judge­ potential of our uranium supply. example, the opponents suggest that devel­ ment on whether or not a technology option E. NEED AND TIMING OF THE BREEDER PROGnAM opment costs will outweigh savings in fuel is exercised (i.e., a number of plants of ·that In recognition of the likely inability of costs, (i.e .• that cost benefit analysis sup­ type are built) will depend on the relative uranium supplies to economically support ports the abandonment of the breeder rather technical and economic merits of that option the future energy load projected for nuclear than its development), that AEC-ERDA es­ in comparison with other available options. power, this Nation has had a breeder reactor timates of uranium resources are too con­ The decision on exercising an option will re~t development program underway for over 25 servative, and that substantial quantities re­ primarily with the utility industry, rather years. The type of breeder reactor that ls main to be discovered at economical prices than the Government, and it was therefore generally considered the most advanced and in this country, that energy demand will be reported that proceeding with the current to possess the greatest likelihood of com­ less than projected by breeder proponents in Ll\IFBR program does not present a commit­ mercial development is the Liquid Metal Fast future years, and that safety and environ­ ment to commercialization, nor does it pre­ Breeder Reactor (LMFBR). An LMFBR de­ mental problems are beyond man's control. judge any decision concerning the eventual velopment program ls in progress with the A corollary question considered by the commercialization of the technology. objective of establishing a broad technologi­ Subcommittee was, assuming ·a breeder re­ Conclttsions cal base leading to a competitive commercial actor is needed, whether or not this country The Subcommittee concludes: industry. An essential element of this pro­ should continue to put its major effort on 1. Continuation of the breeder develop­ gram is the construction of a mid-sized the LMFBR, or if more (or less) effort should ment program, as a high priority effort, is demonstration plant, the Clinch River Breed· be devoted to alternate breeder reactor con­ essential to the energy future of this Nation. er Reactor ( CRBR) . cepts. Again, respondents were essentially 2. The breeder is needed no later than it In view of the concerns that have been unanimous in agreeing that the LMFBR will become commercially available under expressed in Congress and by the public with should continue to be the focus of breeder current development plans, i.e., the early respect to various aspects of the Llt.t:FBR pro­ efforts and receive top priority. 1990's. gram, the Subcommittee undertook to ex­ The Subcommittee also examined whether 3. Vigorous pursuit of LMFBR development amine the need for the program, and its po­ or not the overall LMFBR program objec­ at this time, including construction of dem­ tential benefits and risks. In the public bear­ tives, content. and approach are correct, and onstmtion plants is essential to provide ade­ ings and other information collection activi­ what steps can be taken to minimize the quate information on which to base future ties conducted by the Subcommittee, the costs of the program, and improve perfo1·m­ decisions concerning commercialization of overwhelming consensus was that the ance with respect to program schedules. With breeder technology. The collection of this LMFBR is needed, and that this need is ur­ regard to overall objectives and approach, the information does not constitute a commit­ gent. A minority group, generally known to great majority of respondents was again en­ thusiastic about the program goals and the ment to future commercialization. -oppose nuclear energy, asserted that the 4. An aggressive program of research and breeder was not needed. means proposed to achieve them. A few re­ development on the safety and environmen­ The Subcommittee was impressed that spondents who 'aS noted before, are generally viewed as opposing nuclear energy, found tal impacts of breeder commercialization those Government agencies with responsi­ must be continued as a top priority effort. bilities for planning or providing for the Na­ the whole program premature and ill-advised. They recommended steps such as successful Our present knowledge and understanding tion's energy needs supported the urgent de­ of these issues suggests no reason for delay­ velopment of the breeder, as did almost .all operation of the FFTF before a demonstra­ tion plant Ls built, if at all. ing the breeder program. industrial or utility organizations queried. 5. Substantial reliance on foreign tech­ The main reason offered in support .of the The placement of greater reliance on for­ eign technology was suggested as a means nology beyond the establishment o! informa­ need for a commercial breeder on a timely tion exchange agreements is not a satisfac­ basis was its ability to provide sufficient fuel of improving program performance and re­ ducing costs. While the surface advantages tory substitute for development of a breeder for future electrical generating require­ 1·eactor industry in the U.S. ments. In addition, many proponents of the of this approach ·are evident, several disad­ vantages were also pointed out, such as the 6. A very substantial review effort on breeder noted its attractiveness from a cost­ breeder development plans, approach and benefit basis, i.e., future projected savings state of dependence the U.S. might be placed in (such as now exists on foreign oil), failure strategy has been and continues to be made in fuel costs by the breeder are expected to by advisory groups and others. The conduct far outweigh development costs. of the U.S. to develop its own industry, un­ desirable impact on our baJance of payments of such studies should not be allowed to With regard to uranium rese1"Ves, the basic situation, and the need for foreign designs occasion delay in the program. a1·gument is that the limited amount of "as­ to be modified to meet U.S. safety and li­ Recommendations sured" and "potential" reserves (3,600,000 censing requirements. tons of U 0 in the United States) will be 1. The breeder program should be con­ 3 8 Other questions examined by the Subcom­ tinued with a new sense of urgency, and the fully committed to "burner'' reactors, such mittee included the total R. & D. costs for as the light water reactor, by perhaps the LMFBR should remain the f-OCal point of the LMFBR and their means of recovery, the this program. In addition, other breeder mid-1990's depending on the energy growth predicted capital costs of commercial rate, plant capacity, and other factors. No options should be pursued. LMFBR's and the methods to provide that 2. The LMFBR development schedule additional reactors of this type could be capital, and the overall issue of whether or built after this date unless additional ura­ should be reexamined by the ERDA and con­ not the LMFBR would be economically vi­ tinually reoptimized in accordance with pro­ nium resources are found or low grade ores able. The general consensus of information with their accompanying higher costs and jected need dates. Urgent consideration presented was that the $10.6 billion ERDA should be given now to final steps and facility environmental impacts are used. A breeder figure for the total LMFBR research, devel­ reactor, on the other hand, would permit the requirements for bringing the breeder pro­ opment and demonstration program was a gram to commercialization at the earliest extraction of up to 50 times as much enel'gy reasonable estimate, although a few re­ from these uranium resources, thereby ex­ possible time. · · spondents voiced strong feelings that previ­ 3. The Subcommittee believes that the tending our nuclear fuel supplies from dec­ ous inabilities to meet cost estimates meant ades to centuries. time has come to end the discussion over the figures would go much higher. whether or not this Nation should have a With regard to cost-benefit analysis, the With regard to timing for the LMFBR, the breeder research and development program. basic argument is that the use of breeder consensus was that the breeder is needed by Rather, national attention should be turned reactors will avoid reliance on low grade, about the time it would become commer­ toward solving the outstanding problems high cost uranium ores, with substantial re­ cially available under current development associated with the program and its eventual sultant savings in fuel costs which will be plans, i.e., the early 1990's. Several witnesses commercialization. · passed on to consumers. These savlngs are suggested this timing should be accelerated, 4. The ERDA should lend greater emphasis estimated, under all but the most pessimistic noting that if energy demand returns to to the establishment of technical information conditions, to be considerably greater than near-historical levels, the breeder may al­ exchange agreements with foreign countries development costs of the LMFBR program. ready be too late. A substantially different who are also actively developing the LMFBR. The net savings would, according to these mino1·i ty view was also presented to the 6. The tendency within the Federal Gov­ argm;nen.ts, reach $150 billion by the year Subcommittee, specifically that based on the ernment towards duplicative and redundant 2020, as well as substantially reduce the re­ premise that future energy demand would reviews of nuclear power and .the need for quirements for mining and enriching ura­ be lower than that proposed by AEC-ERDA, the breeder reactor should be recognmed and nium. and that since there is a reasonable "likeli- held to a minimum. Further reviews should 3988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS be on narrower issues, such as means for im­ G. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS management are critically important factors proving cost and schedular performance. The main safety and environmental Issues which must be addressed at once. Their emphasis should not be on the issue addressed were reactor safety, plutonium 2. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission of "should we do the job", but on "how best toxicity, radioactive waste management, nu­ should maintain close cognizance of waste to get the job done." clear material safeguards and environmental management research, development, and F. CLINCH RIVER BREEDER REACTOR (CRBR) effects of alternate energy sources. demonstration programs and provide, in The Clinch River Breeder Reactor project timely fashion for the use of the nuclear in­ 1. Reactor Safety dustry, approved criteria. intended to guide has been undertaken with the intention of The principal safety issue dealt with the demonstrating technical performance, relia­ the users and the publlc as to the acceptabil­ likelihood and potential consequence of a ity, from a public health and safety view­ bllity, maintainability, safety, environmental major nuclear accident. Opponent.a of nu­ acceptability, and economic feasibility of a point, of the proposed methods of wast e clear power expressed the view that the con­ storage and disposal. liquid metal fast breeder central station sequences of a major nuclear accident would electric power plant in a ut ility environment. be so severe that development of the breeder 3. Safeguards It is to be a 350 MWe (net) reactor plant should be slowed or halted. Proponents ar­ Amon•J the issues raised concerning nu­ intermediate .in thermal size between the gued that the low probability for initiating clear power and the development' and utiliza­ Fast Flux Test Facility now under construe-· and completing an accident sequence lead­ t ion of the.breeder. that of nuclear safeguards tion and the Near-Commercial Breeder Re- · ing to major equipment failure, coupled is the most subjective. The Subcommittee actor planned for construction and operation with the design of the plant to provide pro­ sees safeguards as having the potential to · later in the overall LMFBR program. tection to the public over a wide range of keep dangers feared by some analysts within Some witnesses before the committee sug­ assumed accident conditions, made nuclear bounds acceptable to society. Developing this gested a delay in schedule for the CRBR power safer than other means of producing capability will require continuing support which they point out would allow for. rede­ economic energy today. and attention by both the Federal agencies sign of the plant to bring it more in line with Oonclusions and t he Congress. As for zero risk from theft current technology. They would first have ana. sabotage, this cannot be assured any ERDA complete the Fast Flux Test Facility, Reactor safety questions noted during the more than for othPr human activities. There an irradiation and components testing reac­ Subcommittee's study appear amenable to will always be some residual risk. technical resolution. The Subcommittee tor, and carry out the two projects in series Conclusions rather than on the present overlapping notes with satisfaction that a comprehen­ schedules. Others suggested that the CRBR sive research program is being carried for­ Th e Subcommittee concludes that : be cancelled and that this country pursue ward to assure that every conceivable haz­ 1. The chances of successful diversion of the use of foreign breeder technology as ardous circumstance or condition that might a significant quantity of plutonium from the illustrated by LMFBR demonstration plants arise in a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor nuclear fuel cycle by an individual or small now operating in France and elsewhere. Pro­ is being considered in advance, and that no group for terrorist purposes are extremely ponents of the CRBR and ERDA's overall credible situation or accident has been hy­ small. LMFBR program warned that there had pothesized to date for which adequate de­ 2. There can be no absolute guarantee already been schedule slippage in the CRBR sign and safety features are not under con­ aiz t>.inst theft of nuclear materials by a well­ project and any restudy of design would re­ sideration. organized and equipped group willing to ac­ sult in additional delay, placing us even fur­ Recommendations cept casualties an~ possible radiological in­ ther behind other nations. They believe that The Subcommittee recommends that the jury incurred by inadequate handling of these materials. mu~h will be learned by operation of the ERDA, NRC, reactor vendors and utilities reactor as currently designed. continue to give close attention to the de­ 3. Because of the potential consequences velopment of safe breeder reactor designs of diversion of nuclear materials for Some witnesses before the Subcommittee clandestine purposes safeguard systems questioned the propriety of the size selected and carry out the necessary e~perimental programs to substantiate all important ele­ must be devised and implemented in a for the CRBR, suggesting t hat it might be manner which will minimize the possibility made larger. Proponents of the CRBR point ments of those designs. 2. Waste Management of success of such an undertaking. out that in thermal rating it is about two 4. The suggestion that the imposition of and one-half times the size of FFTF and Possible dangers from high-level · radio­ appropriate safeguards measures for the would be about one-third to one-fourth the actfve wastes and postulated deficiencies in nuclear fuel cycle threatens the civil liberties size of the NCBR. In their view it would waste disposal technology, together with of the people of this or any other country provide a proper intermediate st ep between the moral issue of imposing control of these does not appear warranted. the FFTF and the NCBR. . wastes on future generations, are reasons Recommendations In the summer of 1972 when t he AEC fur­ frequently advanced in opposition to nuclear nished the Program Justification Data Ar­ power in general and to the breeder in par­ The Subcommittee recommends that the rangement for the CRBR the total cost of ticular. On the other hand, the AEC and ERDA and the NRC work closely together to the project was estimated to be $699 million. now ERDA have had programs underway :for define precisely safeguards risks and the goals In March of this year ERDA submitted revl• some time to further develop and demon­ to be accomplished in order to ensure the sions to that arrangement, including a new strate economically attractive, envlron­ security of nuclear materials. In so doing, estimate of cost-$1.736 billlon. ERDA at­ men tally acceptable and technologically the ERDA and the NRC should make maxi­ tributes the increase in cost to be primarily feasible long-term approaches to waste man­ mum use of the expertise and knowledge the result of a better definition of project agement. resident in sister Federal agencies. scope, including design changes, the effects Conclusions 4. Plutonium toxicity of inflation, cost trends in the utility supply The Subcommittee concludes that, on the The most serious problem raised regarding and manufacturing industry, and increased whole, the potential difficulties which may be plutonium toxicity was the claim that the environmental and licensing constraints. encountered in the radioactive waste man­ radiation protection guide for plutonium Coneiusions agement program do not pose risks to the should be made more conservative by a fac­ The Subcommittee emphasizes that. the public of such magnitude that this Nation .tor of 115,000 . (the hot particle hypothesis). CRBR is an important and necessary element should forego its nuclear energy progra,m, in­ Witnesses appearing on this topic reported in the orderly progression of research, de­ cluding the development of a. breeder reactor. on a considerable number of reviews that velopment and demonstration for a respon­ Clearly much remains to be done to demon­ had been undertaken on this issue by ex­ sible LMFBR program. The Subcommittee strate and finalize the technology for long­ perts in the field. The overwhelming con­ also believes that the projected operational term waste ma.n~ement, but the problems sensus of these groups is that the present schedules of the FFTF and the CRBR proj­ involved are not insurmountable. analytical methods a.re satisfactory and that Recommendations a reduction of 115,000 in the protection ect permit a proper use of design experience guide for plutonium is without justificntion. and allow for an efficient utilization of scien­ 1. In view of the fa.ct that radioactive waste tific and engineering manpower. management requirements for breeder reac­ Oonclusions Recommendations tors will be essentially similar to those for The Subcommittee finds that: light water reactors, the Subcommittee rec­ 1. Since its discovery more than three The Subcommittee recommends that the ommends that the ERDA vigorously pursue deca.des ago, countless man years of diligent ERDA and its industry partners in the CRBR its research, development, and demonstra­ research work have been brought to bear on project make every reasonable attempt t.o tion program for waste management and the subject of plutonium toxicity, both in adhere to the present schedule for design, storage. In making this recommendation, the this country and throughout the world. It construction and licensing review of the Subcommittee recognizes that the tech­ is well recognized that carcinogenic prop­ ORBR. If any future turn of event.a indicates nology required for waste management is erties of inhaled plutonium require that the to the project participants an opportunity largely in hand and that the critical delays high standards of care in the handling ot for improvement in the schedule for the being experienced today are primarily ad­ this material which have been traditionally ORBR's availabllity date, the matter should ministrative and regulatory. Public under­ practiced for the pa.St 30 years must be be pursued and the Joint Committee so noti­ standing of the nuclear energy program and maintained. fied.. the closing of the fuel cycle including waste 2. The capability of inhaled plutonium February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3989 within a specific particle size range to Ooncl1tsions January 13, 1976; "The Knox Trail Re- . produce lung .cancer has been demonstrated · The Subcommittee concludes that: enactment * • • A Proud Reality," from in experimental animals. There are no cases l. Certain benefits can be reasonably ex­ page 1 of the Massachusetts Bicentennial on record of human lung cancer attributed . pected. to accrue from the establishment of Times of February-March 1976; and to exposure to plutonium notwithstanding Federally-owned energy centers in va.rtous the fact that a number of early workers in "General Knox Hauls the Cannon," from electric distribution regions throughout the a fine booklet entitled "Wilbraham and the U.S. military program were accidentally oountr~. subjected to lung doses significantly above 2. This concept does not envision requiring the American Revolution." levels prescribed in radiation protection that all energy production from nuclear en­ GENERAL KNOX HAULS THE CANNON guides. ergy or other sources be limited to produc­ On May 10, 1775, Etha.n Allen and his 3. Approximately five tons of plutonium- tion from such cente·rs. Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticon­ 239 have been injected into the atmosphere 3. Energy centers would be ideal centers deroga which contained a number of cannon primarily in the Northern Hemisphere by for development of alternative ene:1:gy con­ and other useful war supplies. It is said that atmospheric weapons testing. About four cepts and might prove attractive sites for General Henry Knox himself conceived the tons of this have fallen to the surface of the production of energy from these sources. idea of moving them to the Boston area, re­ the earth. Every human beh1g in the Recommendations ceived Washington's blessing, and was given Northern Hemisphere is carrying a mea-sur­ the job. Knox had to wait for ice to form on able amount of this plutonium in his body. The Subcommittee recommends that seri­ ous consideration be given to legislation that the Hudson and snow to blanket the roads Although these atmospherilc weapons tests in order to haul the cannon on his "42 ex­ occurred more than a decade ago, there is would create energy centers. Careful study and examination of this concept by State ceedingly strong sleds" with his 80 yoke .of no hldication that this plutonium deposi­ oxen as far as Springfield, where he planned tion has caused any untoward health effects. and Federal governments and industry is warranted. to obtain fresh cattle to haul them to camp 4. The theory that plutonium would be near Boston. extraordinarily dangerous in the form of He reached Ticonderoga on Dec. 5, 1775, and "hot particles" in the lungs has been thor­ the next day started loading about 60 of the oughly analyzed by competent and independ­ KNOX TRAIL MARCHERS TRAVEL cannon and some supplies for ·the long ent scientific bodies both in Great Britain PROUDLY THROUGH SPRING­ journey across Lake George, four times across and the United States and found to have no FIELD AND WILBRAHAM the Hudson to Albany, again across the Hud­ substance in scientific foot. son to Kinderhook, and thence easterly en­ Recommendations tering Massachusetts into Great Barrington The Subcommittee recommends that: HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND approximately along om· present Route 71. 1. The ERDA in the conduct of its activi­ OF MASSACHUSETTS From there his travel was somewhere near ties and the NRC in its licensing and en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our Routes 23 and 20, through "Blanford", forcement actions continue to require the Westfield, Springfield and into Wilbraham. high standards of plutonium protection that Thursday, February 19, 1976 Knox passed through our town on Jan­ have been maintained in the past. Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the peo­ uary 15 or 16, 1776. He came along the Boston 2. The ERDA and other agencies of Gov­ ple of New England and the United States Road, passed Nine Mile Pond to Maple ernment concerned with the conduct of Street. Since that portion of present Boston health research continue efforts intended to were recently stirred by 40 hardy volun­ Road from the foot of Maple Street leading improve our understanding of the biological teers who reenacted Col. Henry Knox's through the underpass to the bend in the effects of human and animal exposure to grueling journey of 200 years ago. Knox Chicopee River was not in existence at that plutonium and other transuranic elements. and his men delivered cannon and artil­ time, he went up Maple Street and Moun~ain 5. Environmental Effects of Alternate Energy lery from Fort Ticonderoga in New York Road to the point where the latter makes a Sources to Gen. George Washington in Cam­ sharp turn southerly, and from that point bridge. This strenuous trek occurred in his road lead northeasterly downhill, over a The Subcommittee reviewed information stone bridge spaning Spear Brook, and onto submitted and testimony received on the en­ the dead of winter, 1775-76. The cannon our Boston Road near the foot of Butler Hill. vironmental effects of alternate energy played an important role in forcing the He reported to General Washington on sources. The projected expanded use of coal British evacuation of Boston in March of January 24, 1776. The cannon were in posi­ was cited as the alternative likely to pose 1776. tion by March 5th, and on March 17, 1776, the the most severe environmental impacts. The The reenactment was faithfully exe­ British evacuated Boston. Knox's achieve­ use of oil shales and tar sands were also ment was that important to the American noted as having potential environmental im­ cuted under harsh conditions that in­ pacts of some formidable proportions. cluded below-zero temperatures, snow cause. At the time of his trek he was only 25 and ice storms, breakdowns in equip­ years old, but a colonel in command of the Conclusions colonial artillery. He rose to the rank of The Subcommittee concludes that any al­ ment and 1976-style traffic jams. The Bi­ major general, and later became the first ternative energy source is likely to bring with centennial volunteers, led by William secretary of war. i·t environmental effects objectionable to Wilbur acting the part of Colonel Knox, some part of our society. Therefore, it would performed bravely and made the 160- THE KNOX TRAIL REENACTMENT * * * be unwise to assume that alternative energy mile journey in 17 days. A PROUD REALITY technologies which have not yet been fully The Knox trail marchers were met (By Ma....c:sachuse-tts Bicentennial Commission, studied will be without environmental im­ with pageantry and ceremony every­ Boston, Mass.) pacts of some consequence. where they went, including Springfield Alford is a long way back. Recommendations and Wilbraham. These Bicentennial Seventeen days and 160 miles back. The Subcommittee recommends that the communities and their celebration co­ The journey became equally as arduous ERDA and other elements of the Federal ordinators are to be commended for their for the Knox reenactment principals--a band Government concerned with potential detri­ efforts in helping make the Knox march of 40 hardy, dedicated volunteers-who re­ mental public health effects resulting from a success. I would like to personally traced the journey as that of Col. Henry energy generation and usage continue to pur­ thank Irene A. Donovan. of Wilbraham Knox 200 years ago whe;n he completed the sue, and in some relatively new areas initiate for keeping me posted on local Bicen­ near impossible task of delivering cannon pursuit of, programs which will permit· tennial events of interest. and artillery to Gen. Washington at Cam~ proper assessment of the environmental im­ Mr. Speaker, I believe Bicentennial bridge. . pact of the generation of energy from all events, such as the Knox trail march, are Despite the weather, unparalleled for de­ sources and by all mechanism which may truely worthwhile celebrations of our cades in Massachusetts ( 18 below zero at affect the general public. Nation's history that gave us valuable in­ the start of the trek on January 10), the 6. Energy Centers determined band moved their "train of noble sight into the past. There is a lot of tin­ artillery" through communities across the The idea of energy centers has attracted sel, trinkets and temporary commercial­ state. . interest and support as one way to reduce ism connected with this Bicentennial risks of theft of nuclear materials and to The success of this mission, th.e largest year, but it is thoughtful, meaningful and undertaking of the Massachusetts Bicenten­ increase protection of nuclear facilities worthwhile events that will endure in nial Commission! was preordained despite the against sabotage. The concept is one of col­ constant necessity to repair sleds and to rest lecting in one location the industrial oper­ our memories. For the RECORD, I would like to insert the animals who were streaming steam oh ations involving fissionable materials and macadam roads. Through village, city and radioactive waste processing so that risks can three articles that recount the Knox trail town; 'through traffic in Springfield and Wor­ be reduced through decreased transportation, reenactment. They are: "Wilbraham Set chester; the trekkers forged their weary way oomm.On phy.stcal security, and other savings to Greet Knox Trekkers," by Fred Reidy toward Cambridge, through snow and rain tn .. management and control. from the Springfield Daily News ·of and ice and gale. 3990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 Community bicentennial committees and Postmaster Edward W. Irla said the postal I would like to put into the RECORD now people broke the drudgery with celebrations service will provide a. mini mobU Post Office her winning essay on "What Our Bicen­ along the way. There were balls, luncheons, a.t Knox Trail Park from 1to4 p.m. greetings, and overnight lodgings in unusual Irla said the postal service · will furnish tennial Heritage Means to Me": places. And, it was with some reluctance that coffee and doughnuts to the marchers when VOICE OF DEMOCRACY the vigorous trekkers eyed Cambridge as the they arrive at the park for the welcoming When I look at the foundation of America, finish neared. It was with much pride that ceremonies. I can see that it is basically a mosaic, pieces they marched the final miles. The purpose of the mini post office, Irla of various countries inlaid to form one History had repeated itself because of the said, is to give people the opportunity to have unique pattern. Immigration and coloniza­ sincere effort, the selfless dedication, the con­ stamped letters and other mailing material tion occurred long before a separate govern­ tributions of so many. And what better way receive a. special cancellation which bears ment had been formed. By the time the to commemorate Henry Knox, the great the message "Through this place passed French Revolution occurred, Irish, Scotch, patriot, than to reenact the famous trek of Henry Knox-1775-1776." German and Swedish immigrants had settled cannon across that route of 200 years ago. This special cancellation service will only into a gradually expanding area and were in Those who made the journey will undoubt­ be provided Friday. People unable to visit the process of formulating a set of ideals and edly enjoy the warmth that comes from ac­ the mini post office during the hours an­ values which were to be contained in the complishing significant deeds. And the re­ nounced may receive that service at the Wil­ single, most important document in the his­ enact1nent itself has become a bicentennial braham Post Office which will remain open tory of the United States-the Declaration offering which future generations can look beyond the regular closing hours. of Independence. back on with pride. Irla said he has more than 1,000 letters Once the United States had been formed, Those volunteer trekkers who performed so from all parts of the country and Canada an indelible heritage began-a history admirably under trying conditions should be awaiting the special cancellation which will passed on from generation to generation with recorded. become a collectors item. each generation serving as a stepping stone They were: After the reception and dinners, sleeping toward betterment. Richard Raymond, Trek Master. accommodations for the women in the group For the past few years, as we have neared James R. Lambirth, Group Leader I. will be provided in the old St. Cecilia's the two-hundredth birthday of these United William Arba, Livermore, Group Leader II. Church and at Spec Pond pavilion for the States, we have been bombarded with his­ William Wilbur, Col. Henry Knox. men. torical replicas, artifacts, films reviewing Robert J. Cote. The horses will be stabled in the town historical events and portraits of famous per­ Peter Fitzpatrick. highway garage. sons. All of these serve to remind us of where, George Gatzogiannis. The trekkers will be served breakfast Sat­ when, how and why we have achieved. How­ Walter A. Himmen. urday morning in St. Cecilia's social center ever, to fully understand and appreciate our Paul F. Horstman. and then assemble to resume their trip. heritage, we must look at the people: those Craig Lewis Howland. Palmer will be their next stop. who are called Americans and who are ac­ James J. Kand.rotas. credited with accomplishment, and are re­ Thomas Vincent Keane, III. sponsible, I believe, for the very essence of Robert Lyon. America. James Martin. CAROL ANN HOFFMANN TO REPRE­ Noah Webster defines an American as an Geoffrey Norcross. SENT IN VFW inhabitant of North America, an American George F. Peloquin. PENNSYLVANIA citizen. However, if we were to analyze this Robert G. Peloquin. BICENTENNIAL ESSAY COMPETI­ one man's definition as a summary of the Joseph P. Sharky. TION contributions of a people for over two hun­ Robert Markell Simpson, Jr. dred years, most of us would have a very pro­ John D. Taudel. found concept of an American. George Tichy. But how can we truly define an American? Roger Winkelman. HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD Are Americans those who fought and lost John P. Brown. OF PENNSYLVANIA their lives at Brandywine, Trenton, Bunker Robert J. McQueston, III. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hill and Lexington? TEAMSTERS Thursday, February 19, 1976 Are Americans those who struggled to Leon Tuthill. achieve power and success, but only after a William Aquaviva. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. democracy had been established? William H. Schotte. Speaker, I am proud to report to this Are Americans those who a~hieved individ­ Harry Prescott. Chamber that Pennsylvania's candidate ual success, but used their achievement to Harold Pelkey. in the Voice of Democracy contest, benefit all? David Norman. The answers to these questions must be Archie McCarty. sponsored by the Veterans of Foreign "Yes!" because, had not the themes of these John Buzzell. Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary, is Carol questions existed, neither would have ex­ Granville Rideout. Ann Hoffmann, a constituent of mine, isted Americans nor their heritage. Al Robbins. who lives in Pittsburgh's Mount Wash­ As each war erupted, as each battle took COMMISSION STAFF ington district. its toll in lives, the will to attain and pre­ Carol's speech on "What Our Bicen­ serve what is rightfully ours continues. Edward A. Mccolgan. From the small bands of men led by Susan Schruth. tenial Heritage Means to Me" was judged Washington and Greene, the strife has been Patricia Harrington. the best of all entries from Pennsylvania. buried and a new government has risen: a Paula Gartland. She now will compete with high schooler government providing justice, freedoms of winners from every other State for five communication and religion. (F1·om the Springfield (Mass.) Daily News, VFW scholarships, ranging from a first Our heritage did not end simply with a Jan. 15, 1976] prize of $10,000 to a fifth place scholar­ declaration of freedom. Freedom has been a WILBRAHAM SET TO GREET KNox TREKKERS ship worth $1,500. catalyst used in advancement. The United (By Fred Reidy) I am very proud that my district and States has grown into a.n influenial giant WILBRAHAM.-The Wilbraham U.S.A. Bi­ more than capable of providing for the needs our State will be so ably represented in of its people and negotiating with surround­ centennial Committee has prepared a wen­ this national event by Carol Ann Hoff­ arranged program for participants in the ing powers in order to get what it doesn't mann, whose list of achievements and have. Advancements in science and tech­ Knox Trail re-enactment when they arrive extracurricular activities at St. Mary of here Friday. nology, the arts and humanities have all The trekkers and horse-drawn vehicles car­ the Mount High School is indeed im­ contributed to the growth of America. From rying cannon and other equipment will be pressive. a vast, underdeveloped country, through de­ met at the town line at 1 p.m. on Boston Carol is the daughter of Mrs. Clare pression and recession, a prosperous country Hoffmann and the late Joseph Hoffmann. has been maintained, and the spirit of prog­ Road by a delegation including members of ress has called all men to do something for the Board of Selectmen, the Bicentennial She has six brothers and sisters and their country. Whether it be one man's cure Committee, veterans groups, Boy Scouts and hopes to go on to medical school after other units. for polio or au entire research team looking graduating from high school. for a cure for cancer; be it a group of men The official welcome and a memorial serv­ My hopes and those of my entire dis­ ice will be held at 2:30 p.m. at Knox Trail constructing a complex aircraft, or those Park near Pond Road. trict will be with Carol as she competes one or two men· who actually walked on the Receptions and dinners open to the pub­ on March 9, 1976, here in Washington, moon; whether it be the farmer, the student, lic will be held at 6:30 p.m. at St. Cecilia's with the many other bright young men the housewife or the Wall Street broker, the social center and Wilbraham United Church and women who are finalists in the point is, we are all part of achievements. We Fellowship Hall. VFW contest. have been the recipients of these achieve- February 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3991 ments, and we have watched individuals No, the trial being conducted by con­ order to gain favor are unethical, then achieve. We are ALL Americans. gressional committees and by the press how are we to judge the billions of dol­ When I look at my country's heritage, is not for illegal conduct, but for wh~t lars of taxpayer's money that our gov­ this is what I see-Americans. A people ernment gives in foreign aid each year? uniue as individuals but united as one in is alleged to be unethical conduct-­ a common cause-a cause dedicated to the namely, engaging in "bribery" of any If foreign aid payments are not "bribes" maintenance of the freedoms and justice we "kickbacks" to foreign officials to obtain to gain favor with foreign governments, have struggled to attai-n. sales contracts, notwithstanding the fact then what are they? If I, as an American, am to continue with that paying commissions of this sort has One of the worst injustices is a double America on the road of success, I must, as been standard business practice for a standard. But by what stretch of the all Americans should, look at this point of long time for anyone dealing with offi­ imagination can 'bribes" by our Govern­ our two-hundredth birthday as a point of ment be ethical, progressive action in our reflection-a point where we can look at the cials of foreign governments. past without reliving it, and a point where For some action or practice to be un­ national interest, but payments by a we can gain incentives to continue in the ethical or immoral, freedom of choice private company be unethical "bribes"? future. must be possible. If someone has no Yet it is my guess that those screaming choice, but is in effect forced to follow loudest at the "unethical" conduct of a certain course of action, he cannot be Lockheed are the same hypocrites who held responsible. gleefully support the squandering of bil­ IN DEFENSE OF LOCKHEED Now what choice did Lockheed have lions on foreign aid. with respect to securing foreign sales Without necessarily endorsing such contracts? Over two-thirds of the for­ practices, it is interesting to note that HON. LARRY McDONALD eign airlines are government-owned and at least Lockheed has obtained some OF GEORGIA operated. Thus there is no free market, benefits from its payments-the sale of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where the most productive and efficient many airplanes, the boosting of our Thursaay, February 19, 1976 aerospace company would win. The economy and the provision of thousands choice of which company is granted a of jobs, not to mention keeping in busi­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. contract is not determined by economic ness a company for the antidefense Speaker, one of the clever ploys of the forces, but by government officials v;.:ho lobby to kick around. But what rewards propaganda ru.·tists and the news twisters hold a monopoly over the aerospace m­ do we get for foreign aids?-vilification is the gradual changing of our vocabu­ dustry. If, therefore, accepted procedure and scathing attacks by so-called third lary. For example, our defense capability is to pay a certain "commission" to cer­ world countries who denounce us as the in World War II, of which we were justi­ tain officials as a condition to winning cause of their poverty. fiably proud, was called the "Arsenal of a contract, what should a company like Now I realize it is considered bad form Democracy." But today this defense Lockheed do? to question the motives of public o:fficials. capability is termed the "military-in­ And let us face it, Lockheed executives So I will simply observe that L-0ckheed dustrial complex." The former term was did not travel around the world asking is one of our best defense contractors said with pride, but in a triumph of local politicians and officials to dip into and that the attacks on Lockheed are propaganda and semantics the latter Lockheed's bank account. These gentle­ coming from the same antidefense label is now repeated with a sneer as men were, quite literally, shaken down. lobby which is determined that we shall though our defense capability is some­ They were told to grease the palms of be No. 2 instead of No. 1. thing to be hated and feared. local bigwigs or forget about doing busi­ It is important to grasp, and to grasp Consider one of the latest attacks on ness. In principle, this is no different now, that the attack on Lockheed is an element of our defense production. from the innocent student being forced only the beginning. The real target is On February 13 the two top executives of to pay the school thugs for "protection" our entire defense production capability. the Lockheed Corp., chairman Daniel J. from having his face bashed-in. Except In fact, just today a U.S. Senator is Haughton and vice chairman A. Carl that the innocent student usually is not announcing the formation of a national Kotchian, resigned under obvious pres­ denounced for "bribing" the bullies. coalition of 25 "labor, church, and en­ sure from the company's board of direc­ Keep in mind Lockheed's commit­ vironmental" organizations to knock out tors. This marked the end of two very ments and responsibilities, which in­ funding for the B-1 bomber this year. distinguished. careers. Mr. Haughton, for clude 58,000 employees and many inves­ The same Senator has been attacking example, joined Lockheed in 1939 and tors not to mention Government loans Lockheed for years, virtually making a worked his way up to board chairman whi~h must be paid back. By complying career out of denouncing the C-5. 28 years lat.er. He is a man of great with the foreign demands, Lockheed got Again without dh'ectly questioning energy whose working day starts at 5:30 the orders, saved the company and kept anyone's motivation, it is of interest to a.m. and whose style of management is thousands of their people off unemploy­ note that certain political leaders gave to pay attention to all the details of a ment and relief rolls. speeches that our enemies in Vietnam project. But despite hard-driving ways, Well, it might be argued, Lockheed used in attempts to demoralize our he is so well-liked that many Lockheed surely did have a choice. It could have POW's. And it is some of these same employees call him "Uncle Dan." fought against such practices, denounc­ "leaders" who are leading the attack on Obviously Mr. Haughton and Mr. ing them as unethical. But can you imag­ our defense capability, as ·evidenced in Kotchian are being made the scape­ ine the reaction of our Depa1·tment of the current Lockheed affair and the up­ goats-but for what? What momentous State? Would it have stood behind Lock­ coming B-1 bomber fight. Apparently wrongdoings has Lockheed been engaged heed and used diplomatic pressure to some of these "leaders" are not even go­ in that its top executives are forced to encourage foreign governments to live ing to take a short time-out after their resign? up to certain standards of business prac­ campaign to handcuff the CIA and the At the least, one would expect that tice? Or would it have denounced Lock­ FBI. Lockheed has been doing something il­ heed for creating an "international in­ I might also point out that certain legal. But a check with the staff of the cident" that is emban·assing to the o:fficials have predicted for years that Subcommittee on Multinational Cor­ United States because some petty foreign Lockheed would never be able to repay porations, one of the two Senate com­ big shots have been made uncomfort­ its Government loans. Now what better mittees that have been investigating able? If anyone has any doubts, consider way to see such prophesy fulfilled than Lockheed's activities and leaking infor­ that when some socialist country na­ to drive Lockheed into bankruptcy by mation to the press, reveals that they tionalizes American companies our State means of worldwide publicity that will are aware of no laws that Lockheed has Department repsonds with appeasement, surely discourage any company or for­ broken, although they are continuing to apologies, negotiations for the "best pos­ eign government from granting further check in minute detail every regulation sible" reparations, and then more for­ contracts to Lockheed? of the Internal Revenue Service, the Se­ eign aid. Lockheed is a well-operated American curities and Exchange Commission a.nd Let us consider another standard by company engaged in aerospace produc­ the CUstoms Bureau in the hope some­ which we can judge Lockheed's conduct. tion and has been one of the foremost thing might turn up. If payments to foreign governments in contributors to our ·magnificent defense 3992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 19, 1976 capability. Its officials and thousands tlon's largest supporter of heavy equipment­ And stop feeding us a conflicting, confus­ of loyal employees deserve far better and all related industries. ing garble of malarkey that is driving Ameri­ Dairy farms--only 260,000 left in our entire cans up a tree in an election year when faith treatment from their public officials. nation, scattered over all 50 states-have no in government is needed perhaps more than clout in Washington where the name of the ever before. game is numbers. Let's stop worrying about who leaked the But they are, through regional dairy co­ report and bring the thing out in the open COWS DO NOT GIVE MILK ops, getting together to negotiate some fairer so that the American public can make its prices with the bottlers and processors of own independent judgment of the facts. milk. Bring all this crud to a halt and print the The story goes that American prisoners report in its proper context. Don't let it HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS of war were being broken to harness by a continue leaking in dribs and drabs until OF mAHO cunning torture. Starving, they were seated the original intent of the congressional in­ at a fully prepared banquet table-but the quiry into intelligence gathering methods is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES food was in deep dishes-and their hands totally destroyed. Thursday, February 19, 1976 were tied behind their chairs. After all, there have been leaks from every All that food to smell and no way to eat. direction. Everybody-the Congress, the ex­ Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, it is a fact Hours later the tormentors returned to ecutive branch, and the CIA and other in­ that where I come from, cows do give discover each man had a fork in his teeth vestigative agencies-all have flies on their milk. Chickens give eggs. And the farmer and was feeding the guy nearby. backs. There are no virgins in this burgeon­ gives 40 percent of his income or better They'd have starved to death if they'd ing game of back alley politics. Even Daniel to government. His role in this country not got organized. But together, each helping Schorr of CBS-TV couldn't keep his nose has gotten somewhat battered in the the other, they managed. clean. process. I think "Paul Harvey Com­ So, for Pete's sake, just this once, how ments" puts this in perspective rather about leveling with the voters and getting well, and I would like to enter Mr. Har­ the facts out straight? FORGET THE LEAKS, GIVE US Ever since Watergate, there have been re­ vey's comments on the phenomena of ports of one sort or another framed and then milk in the RECORD at this point: THE FACTS buried because somebody in authority de­ Cows Do NOT GIVE MILK cided the American people couldn't be trusted (By Paul Harvey) HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY to face up to reality. That's contrary to the purpose of the con­ Cows don't give milk. OF ILLINOIS gressional inquiries. And undoubtedly, some City children are taught that cows give IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the burials have been accomplished with milk. Cows don't give milk. Somebody has to Thursday, February 19, 1976 partisan protective mantles in mind. go out there to the barn and take it away This time, though, the foolishness ought from them-twice a day! Mr. MURPHY of lliinois. Mr. Speak­ to come to an end. A big bundle of taxpayer And those somebodies are getting fed up er, hundreds of newspaper columns have dollars has been spent carrying out the with having to work seven-day weeks, dark been written about the final report of Capitol Hill inquiries and the people who paid to dark, for two generations for less than the the bills are entitled to the truth. national legal minimum wage! the House Select Committee on Intelli­ Secretary of State Henry Kissinger has de­ Twenty years ago our nation had 2 million gence. The Ford administration hopes nounced the House Committee and declared dairy farms; today a quarter of a million. the American people forget · all about it that piecemeal leaking of its document con­ They're still able to nourish our nation be­ and concentrate on the so-called head­ stitutes "a new version of McCarthyism." cause they have become so phenomenally line-seeking, money-grubbing leakers He is absolutely right. That kind of out­ efficient that our dairy farmers have doubled who wanted to see the report in print. of-context, obviously orchestrated dissemina­ per-man productivity in the last 10 years. Then there are people like me who feel tion of serious and vital information is the And increased per-cow production another the American people deserve to see the kind of grist of which character assassina­ 150 pounds last year. tions are made. A hundred years ago one dairy farmer could fruits of the select committee's labors. But, neither Kissinger nor the White House supply himself and four other people. More importantly, I think they deserve can prove Congress is to blame for the leaks Today one dairy farmer supplies himself to know the committee's rating of the at the moment. Nor can Congress or com­ and 54 other people. job our intelligence community has been mittee chairman Rep. Otis Pike [D., N.Y.J Yet he's going out of business-because doing. prove charges that the executive branch­ of higher wages, higher taxes, higher fuel Bob Wiedrich of the Chicago Tribune most likely the CIA-leaked copies of the re­ costs. recently cut out all the excess verbiage port. And because farms are being crowded out and outlined a "no-nonsense" case for Further, we think it is ridiculous-however of city areas where milk is most needed-by sincerely motivated-for President Ford to expanding housing developments, schools the right to know what the report says. offer House Speaker Carl Albert [D., Okla.] and golf courses. I recommend this February 18 article to the investigative resources of the federal If the dairy farmer's son is left with a the attention of my colleagues, particu­ government to hunt down the leaks. handful of udder and less than a dollar an larly those who voted to keep this report Because of the White House stance that hour, you'll drive that boy into our asphalt under wraps. Congress is responsible for the leaks, such a jungle. That won't help our problems, and The article follows: move would place the executive branch in won't solve his. FORGET THE LEAKS, GIVE Us THE FACTS the position of investigating the legislative But he's fed up. He helped build a $6 bil­ branch just after the Congress had com­ lion industry; he increased his productivity (By Bob Wiedrich) pleted doing the reverse. three times faster than workers in other in· Hey, you fellas in Washington! That might smack of intimidation. And dustries. Yet he's fed up with shoveling for How about cutting out all the recrimina­ that is the kind of nonsense we don't need nothing what city-itian lawnscrapers pay a tion, accusations, acrimonious debate, and at the moment. What we do need is facts. dollar a bag for in the store. cornball rhetoric about that leaked House The administration says it wants to keep So in desperation he's tried bigger herds Intelligence Committee report and getting the report bottled up until all possible jeop­ on less acres and went backward. down to hard cases? ardy to national security and individual CIA He's tried dumping milk in ditches and Whether you know it or not, Americans agents is removed. piecemeal boycotts and local co-ops, and are big boys and girls. They can face up to We have been assured none of the names he's still at the mercy of a merciless cost­ the truth far more easily than dog paddling of CIA agents or station chiefs abroad appear price squeeze. through a flood of partisan hyperbole over in the report. Nor are any current or future Recently I visited the Royer dairy farm who let the cat out of the bag. covert operations discussed, only past deeds on Oregon Pike out of Lancaster, Pa. That kind of stuff strains credulity and under several administrations, both Republi­ Holsteins, 60 heifers and calves. Efficient. fosters distrust at a time when we least need can a.nd Democratic. Last year 15,485 poimds of milk and 576 it. So why not stop the baloney and publish The committee fw·nished drafts of the re­ pounds of butterfat. the final draft of the committee report and port to the White House, the CIA, FBI, IRS, Fine herd. Won Outstanding Breeder be done with it. and the military intelligence agencies. All A ward six times. Quite possibly, some of the contents will submitted deletions, exceptions, and correc­ But that farm's being squeezed out of sting or even hurt a little. Some may also tions and well over a hundred were made in business. draw blood in high places. the final draft. Everybody has had their say. Americans, we a.11 have a stake in this. But for once, fellas, start treating the So now, fellas, how a.bout giving the Amer­ Every depression 1n our nation's history hu American people like responsible citizens. ican people their say, too. But let them do been farm bred and fa.rm led. Stop trying to hide every distasteful thing so with the facts in hand, not a lot of rhe• You starve the farmer you starve our na.- behind whatever frantic facade is at hand. torical garbage.