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Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks

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Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks STRUCTURE FIRES IN DORMITORIES, FRATERNITIES, SORORITIES AND BARRACKS Jennifer D. Flynn August 2009 National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division STRUCTURE FIRES IN DORMITORIES, FRATERNITIES, SORORITIES AND BARRACKS Jennifer D. Flynn August 2009 National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division Abstract In 2003-2006, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated annual average of 3,570 structure fires in dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and barracks. These fires caused an annual average of 7 civilian deaths, 54 civilian fire injuries, and $29.4 million in direct property damage. Fires in these properties accounted for 0.7% of all reported structure fires within the same time period. These estimates are based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) annual fire department experience survey. Cooking equipment was involved in 75% of reported structure fires. Only 5% of fires in these properties began in the bedroom, but these fires accounted for 62% of the civilian deaths and 26% of civilian fire injuries. Fires in dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and barracks are more common during the evening hours, between 5 p.m. and 11 p.m., and on weekends. Keywords: fire statistics, dormitory fires, fraternity fires, sorority fires, barrack fires Acknowledgements The National Fire Protection Association thanks all the fire departments and state fire authorities who participate in the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the annual NFPA fire experience survey. These firefighters are the original sources of the detailed data that make this analysis possible. Their contributions allow us to estimate the size of the fire problem. We are also grateful to the U.S. Fire Administration for its work in developing, coordinating, and maintaining NFIRS. For more information about the National Fire Protection Association, visit www.nfpa.org or call617-770-3000. To learn more about the One-Stop Data Shop go to www.nfpa.org/osds or call 617-984-7443. Copies of this analysis are available from: National Fire Protection Association One-Stop Data Shop 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02169-7471 www.nfpa.org e-mail: [email protected] phone: 617-984-7443 NFPA No. PKG04 Copyright © 2009, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA Table of Contents Page Table of Contents i List of Tables and Figures ii Dormitory, Fraternity, Sorority and Barrack Structure Fires Fact Sheet iii College Campus Fire Safety Tips iv Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks 1 Appendix A: How National Estimates Statistics are Calculated 14 Appendix B: Methodology and Definitions Used in “Leading Causes” Tables 21 Appendix C: Fatal College/University Fraternity and Sorority House Fires Reported to U.S. Fire Departments 25 Appendix D: Selected Published Incidents 29 Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks 8/09 i NFPA Fire Analysis and Research Division, Quincy, MA List of Figures and Tables Page Table A. Structure Fires in Dormitory Properties, by Occupancy 1 Figure 1. Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities, and Barracks, by Year 2 Figure 2. Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities, and Barracks, by Time of Day 3 Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities, and Barracks Table 1. By Year 5 Table 2. By Month 6 Table 3. By Day of Week 6 Table 4. By Alarm Time 7 Table 5. By Leading Cause 8 Table 6. By Equipment Involved 9 Table 7. By Heat Source 10 Table 8. By Area of Origin 11 Table 9. By Item First Ignited 12 Table 10. By Extent of Flame Damage 13 Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks 8/09 ii NFPA Fire Analysis and Research Division, Quincy, MA One-Stop Data Shop Fire Analysis and Research Division One Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169 Email: [email protected] www.nfpa.org Dormitory, Fraternity, Sorority and Barrack Structure Fires In 2003-2006, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated annual average of 3,570 structure fires in dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and barracks that resulted in 7 civilian deaths, 54 civilian fire injuries, and $29.4 million in direct property damage, annually. Estimates are derived from the U.S. Fire Administration National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) Version 5.0 and NFPA’s annual fire department experience survey Leading Cause of Fires, Civilian Injuries, and Direct Property Damage in Structure Fires Involving Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities, and Barracks, 2003-2006 Annual Averages 75% Cooking Equipment 41% 6% 6% Contained Trash or Rubbish 4% 0% Fires 4% Civilian Injuries Intentional 11% Direct Property Damage 35% 3% Heating Equipment 3% 30% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% ¾ Smoking materials caused 2% of structure fires in these properties, but resulted in 39% of the deaths. ¾ 75% of the reported structure fires involved cooking equipment. 72% of fires were specifically reported as contained or confined to cooking equipment. ¾ Structure fires in dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and barracks are more common during the evening hours between 5 p.m. and 11 p.m., and on weekends. Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks 8/09 iii NFPA Fire Analysis and Research Division, Quincy, MA College Campus Fire Safety College students living away from home should take a few minutes to make sure they are living in a fire-safe environment. Educating students on what they can do to stay safe during the school year is important and often overlooked. SAFETY TIPS Smoking Sense KKK Look for fully sprinklered housing when choosing a dorm or off-campus housing. If you smoke, smoke outside and only where it is permitted, Use sturdy, deep, KKK Make sure your dormitory or apartment has smoke non-tip ashtrays. Don’t smoke in bed or alarms inside each bedroom, outside every sleeping when you’ve been drinking or are drowsy. area and on each level. For the best protection, all smoke alarms should be interconnected so that Candle Care when one sounds they all sound. Burn candles only if the Test all smoke alarms at least monthly. school permits their KKK use. A candle is an KKK Never remove batteries or disable the alarm. open flame and should KKK Learn your building’s evacuation plan and be placed away from practice all drills as if they were the real thing. anything that can burn. Never leave a candle If you live off campus, have a fire escape plan KKK unattended. Blow it out with two ways out of every room. when you leave the room or go to sleep. KKK When the smoke alarm or fire alarm sounds, get out of the building quickly and stay out. KKK During a power outage, use a flashlight. FACTS KKK Cook only where it is permitted. ! Fires in dormitories, • fraternities, sororities, and KKK Stay in the kitchen when cooking. barracks are more common KKK Cook only when you are alert, not sleepy or drowsy from medicine or alcohol. during the evening hours, between 5 p.m. and 11 p.m., Check with your local fire department for any KKK as well as on weekends. restrictions before using a barbeque grill, fire pit, or chimenea. ! In 2003–2006 U.S. fire • departments responded to KKK Check your school’s rules before using electrical appliances in your room. an estimated annual average of 3,570 structure fires in KKK Use a surge protector for your computer and plug the protector directly into an outlet. dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and barracks. Your Source for SAFETY Information NFPA Public Education Division • 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169 www.nfpa.org/education Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks, 8/09 iv NFPA Fire Analsyis and Research Division, Quincy, MA Structure Fires in Dormitories, Fraternities, Sororities and Barracks This analysis contains information about structures fires in school, college and university dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, monasteries, bunk houses, barracks, and nurses’ quarters or related properties reported to local fire departments. In the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS), these are identified by property use codes 460-469. Only fires reported to municipal fire departments are included in these statistics. The statistics in this analysis are national estimates derived from data collected in Version 5.0 of the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and NFPA’s annual fire department experience survey. Details on the methodology used may be found in the Appendix. Many students live at home or in off-campus housing not owned by the university or by any fraternal organization. These numbers are not reflected in the statistics in this analysis. Further complicating the picture is the change in dormitory properties themselves. In the past, dormitories did not have kitchens in the individual units. Many of today’s dormitories more closely resemble apartment buildings with suite style apartments that include kitchens. The distinction between apartments and dormitory properties is now quite blurred. On average, 3,570 structure fires were reported in these properties per year in 2003-2006. During the four-year period of 2003-2006, an estimated average of 3,570 structure fires were reported in dormitories, fraternities, sororities and barracks per year. These fires caused an annual average of seven civilian deaths, 54 civilian injuries, and $29.4 million in direct property damage. (See Table A) Table A. Structure Fires in Dormitory Properties, by Occupancy 2003-2006 Annual Averages Direct Property Damage Fires Civilian Deaths Civilian Injuries (in Millions) Unclassified dormitory type residence 2,610 (73%) 4 (63%) 42 (77%) $23.8 (81%) Fraternity or sorority house 200 (6%) 2 (29%) 4 (8%) $2.6 (9%) Dormitory or barracks 760 (21%) 1 (9%) 8 (15%) $2.9 (10%) Total 3,570 (100%) 7 (100%) 54 (100%) $29.4 (100%) Note: These are national estimates of fires reported to U.S.
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